Part 31
Mr. Martin’s(65) long mischievous detail of the opinions and proceedings of the late general convention, (already occupying a large space in six of your Gazettes, and still unfinished,) with all his colourings and uncandid insinuations, in regard to General Washington and Doct. Franklin, may suit the short-sighted selfish wishes of _an individual_ of a state situated almost in the centre of the rest, and much safer by that means from sudden alarms. But the generous, manly _and truly federal sentiments of Maryland_ are well known, and ’tis not doubted will be unequivocally shewn at her convention very shortly to be held—and that New Hampshire, early in her first meeting on that important subject, has only by consent taken farther time to consider of it, and will at her next meeting adopt it, is the general opinion.
What pity the salutary caution of Doct. Franklin, just previous to his signing the constitution recommended by the convention, had not been strictly attended to! If we split, it will in all probability happen in running headlong on the dangerous rock he so prophetically (as it were) warned us from, “That the opinions of the errors of the constitution born within the walls of the convention, should die there, and not a syllable be whispered abroad.” This Hint is full of that foresight and penetration the Doctor has always been remarkable for.
When the general convention met, no citizen of the United States could expect less from it than I did, so many jarring interests and prejudices to reconcile! The variety of pressing dangers at our doors, even during the war, were barely sufficient to force us to act in concert, and necessarily give way at times to each other. But when the great work was done and published, I was not only most agreeably disappointed, but struck with amazement. Nothing less than that superintending hand of Providence, that so miraculously carried us through the war (in my humble opinion), could have brought it about so complete, upon the whole.
The constitution recommended, in all respects, takes its rise where it ought, from the people; its President, Senate, and House of Representatives, are sufficient and wholesome checks on each other, and at proper periods are dissolved again into the common mass of the people: longer periods would probably have produced danger; shorter, tumult, instability and inefficacy. Every article of these and other essentials to a republican government, are, in my opinion, well secured; were it otherwise, not a citizen of the United States would have been more alarmed, or more early in opposition to it, than
A STEADY AND OPEN REPUBLICAN.
_Charleston, May 2d, 1788._
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
[This list is only of those essays to which some clue of authorship has been found. When written over a pen name the pseudonym is added.—_Ed._]
Brackenridge, Hugh Henry. Pittsburg Gazette.
Bryan, Samuel. “Centinel.” Independent Gazetteer.
Carroll, Daniel. “A Friend to the Constitution.” Maryland Journal.
Chase, Samuel. “Caution.” Maryland Journal.
Clinton, De Witt. “A Countryman.” New York Journal.
Clinton, George. “Cato.” New York Journal.
Coxe, Tench. “A Freeman.” Pennsylvania Gazette.
Coxe, Tench. “An American.” Independent Gazetteer.
Coxe, Tench. “A Pennsylvanian.” Pennsylvania Gazette.
Duer, William. “Philo-Publius.” Daily Advertiser.
Davie, William Richardson. “Publicola.” North Carolina State Gazette.
Dickinson, John. “Fabius.” Humphrey’s Mercury.
Ellsworth, Oliver. “A Landholder.” Connecticut Courant.
Findley, William. “An Officer of the Continental Army.” Independent Gazetteer.
Gerry, Elbridge. Massachusetts Centinel.
Gerry, Elbridge. American Herald.
Hamilton, Alexander. “Publius.” Various papers.
Hamilton, Alexander. “Cæsar.” Daily Advertiser.
Hanson, Alexander Contee. “Aristides.” Maryland Journal.
Hopkinson, Francis. “A. B.” Independent Gazetteer.
Iredell, James. “Marcus.” North Carolina State Gazette.
Jay, John. “Publius.” Various papers.
Lamb, John. “Conciliator.” New York Journal.
McKnight, Dr. Charles. “The Examiner.” Daily Advertiser.
Martin, Luther. Maryland Journal.
Madison, James. “Publius.” Various papers.
Nicholas, John. “Decius.” Virginia Independent Chronicle.
Pinckney, Charles. “A Steady and Open Republican.” State Gazette of South Carolina.
Randolph, Thomas Mann. “A Republican Federalist.” Virginia Independent Chronicle.
Roane, Spencer. “A Plain Dealer.” Virginia Independent Chronicle.
Sherman, Roger. “A Countryman.” New Haven Gazette.
Sherman, Roger. “A Citizen of New Haven.” New Haven Gazette.
Sullivan, James. “Cassius.” Massachusetts Gazette.
Tucker, St. George. “A State Soldier.” Virginia Independent Chronicle.
Williams, William. American Mercury.
Williamson, Hugh. North Carolina State Gazette.
Winthrop, James. “Agrippa.” Massachusetts Gazette.
Workman, Benjamin. “Philadelphiensis.” Independent Gazetteer.
Yates, Robert. “Brutus.” New York Journal.
Yates, Robert. “Sydney.” New York Journal.
INDEX.
“A. B.,” pseudonym of, 416.
Adams, John, 117, 231.
“Agrippa,” pseudonym of, 22, 29, 49, 417.
“American,” pseudonym of, 415.
American Herald, 123, 416.
American Mercury, 417.
American Museum, 315.
Anarchy, danger of, 15, 165; predicted, 18.
Anti-Federalists, character of, 25.
“Aristides,” pseudonym of, 372, 416.
Aristocracy, favorers of, 5; small danger of, 165; southern, 258; causes of, 298; tendencies to, 223.
Articles of Confederation, 238; advantages of, 77; amendment of, 80, 98; defects in, 255; ease of amendment of, 117; proposed amendment to, 84.
Baldwin, Simeon, 213.
Ballot, 305.
Baltimore, 327, 333.
Bill of rights, 28, 95, 113, 117, 119, 163, 219, 299, 320, 325, 364.
Blair, John, 162.
Bowdoin, James, 3, 6.
Brackenridge, H. H., 315, 415.
“Brutus,” pseudonym of, 269, 295, 417.
Bryan, George, 221.
Bryan, Samuel, 415.
“Cæsar,” pseudonym of, 245, 250, 279, 416.
Canada, 191; dangers from, 157.
Capital, 262; place for, 73, 321.
Capitation tax, 272.
“Capt. M’Daniel,” pseudonym of, 122.
Carroll, Daniel, 325, 329, 415.
Carthage, 93.
“Cassius,” pseudonym of, 1, 51, 416.
“Cato,” pseudonym of, 243, 281, 415.
“Caution,” pseudonym of, 323, 415.
“Centinel, The,” pseudonym of, 218, 415.
“Charles James Fox,” pseudonym of, 51.
Chase, Samuel, 323, 415; promises of, 333; speech of, 325.
Childs, Francis, 250.
“Citizen of New Haven,” pseudonym of, 229, 416.
Citizenship, 270; rights of, 42.
Clinton, De Witt, 415.
Clinton, George, 173, 243, 281, 415.
Coinage, uniformity of, 35.
Coke, 266.
Commerce of America, 95; inter-state, congressional power over, 118; regulation of, 97.
Commercial treaties, power to make, 234.
“Conciliator,” pseudonym of, 416.
Congress, Continental, action on the Constitution, 253, 289; retrospective view of, 298; inadequate powers of, 34.
Congress, difference between state legislature and, 224; length of session of, 239; members of, 225; character of, 227; character from South, 258; election of, 86; privileges of, 33; restriction on, 234; interest of, 220; journal of, 33; nature of, 267; powers of, 27, 32, 34, 41, 98; to alienate territory, 80; to coerce the states, 184; over delinquent states, 358; over citizens, 80; over elections, 30, 37, 118, 276; over inter-state commerce, 118; over judiciary, 66; over militia, 184; law-making powers of, 45; of taxation, 235; over territories, 43; over trade, 61; representation in, 151.
Connecticut, 183, 355; address to, 215; constitution of, 148; Courant, 135, 415; convention, 178, 207; legislature of, 219; manufactures of, 202; taxation in, 74, 148; tribute to New York from, 180.
Constituents, instructions from, 28.
Constitution, a creation of power, 145, 147; adequacy of, 35; adopting clause of, 131, 184, 362; advantages of, 21; amendment of, 44, 100, 118, 200, 233, 251, 284, 334; attempts to surprise the people with, 327; character of opposers of, 11, 143; comparison of, 339; with constitution of N. Y., 297; with English, 381; consolidating tendencies of, 65, 69, 70, 158, 258, 297; construction of, 43; objections to, 25, 53, 132, 151; definition of, 116; despotic power of, 28; effect of, 95; excellence of language of, 156; expense of, 60; general clauses of, 83, 96, 119; importance of, 248; judicial power under, 39; laws made under, 360; merits of, 27; new powers granted by, 238; powers under, 153, 156, 163, 220; opposition to, 39; preamble of, 208; reasons for not submitting to state legislature, 139; reception of, 9; rejection of, 100; remarks on, 237, 395; supreme law of the land, 184; want of explicitness in, 155, 260, 265; should be tried before amending, 235; writers against, 12.
Convention, Federal, 238, 247, 284, 287; appeals to the people, 140; character of the members of, 20; committees of, 348; dissenting members of, 104; harmony of, 191; ignorance of the members of, 22; illegal action of, 104; irritated condition of, 367; journals of, 347; large vs. small states in, 355; meetings of, 345; meetings of members of, 355; object of, 35; powers of, 252, 290; proceedings in, 130, 174, 183, 341; secrecy of, 252, 298; spirit of, 167; wisdom of, 252.
Convention, second, 62, 235, 375.
Council, lack of, 162.
“Countryman, A,” pseudonym of, 211, 415, 416.
Courts, Federal, 36, 40, 83.
Courts, State, 54.
Coxe, Tench, 415.
Credit, public, 73, 197.
Creditors, public, 60; justice to, 35.
Criminal prosecution, laws for, 67.
Daily Advertiser, 250, 279, 415, 416.
Davie, William Richardson, 415.
Debt, Continental, 60, 73, 77, 95, 97, 127.
Debtors, opposition of, to constitution, 144.
“Decius,” pseudonym of, 416.
Delaware, 163, 355.
Dickinson, John, 415.
Duer, William, 415.
Duties, 77; Massachusetts’ share of, 84; paid by consumers, 271; uniformity of, 35.
Eastern states, carrying trade of, 162.
Elections, 116; frequency of, 227; power of Congress over, 30, 118, 276; provisions for, 37.
Ellsworth, Oliver, 135, 415.
England, laws of, against treason, 42; religious freedom in, 168.
Europe, governments of, 256; treaties with, 89.
“Examiner,” pseudonym of, 18, 416.
Excise forbidden, 118.
Executive, 158, 260, 310; advice of, 38; blended with legislative, 240, 275; council for, 163; impeachment of, 39; ineligible, after service, 234; may be a woman, 319; method of electing, 263; not specified, 319; objections to, 162; powers of, 39, 261; power over pardon, 234, 240; power to convene Congress, 275; re-eligibility of, 354, 374; to be elected annually, 119; under constitution, 37; vote of, 38; veto power of, 34.
Ex post facto law, 163.
“Fabius,” pseudonym of, 415.
Federal Government, necessity for, 141.
Federalists, aristocratic tendencies of, 89.
Findley, William, 100, 321, 415.
Fisheries, 194; power over, 234.
Flax, 202.
Foreign influence, 103.
Foreign nations, intercourse with, 80.
Forests, value of, 194.
France, public debt to, 73.
Franchise, 226.
Frankland, 258.
Franklin, Benjamin, 23, 26, 218, 321, 370.
“Freeman,” pseudonym of, 415.
“Friend to the Constitution,” 329, 415.
Georgia, 164, 190, 259, 355.
Gerry, Elbridge, 25, 51, 53, 104, 123, 127, 130, 137, 161, 172, 182, 186, 339, 341, 350, 416; conciliating conduct of, 174; hypocrisy of, 174; objections to constitutions, 132; remarks on, 150.
Goddard, William, 341.
Government, divisions of, 116; encroaching tendencies of, 376; General and State linked, 153; Greek and Roman, 55; importance, 247; necessity of, to society, 111; opposition to, 24; a strong one necessary for liberty, 147.
Great Britain, dangers from, 190; resentment of, 89.
Habeas corpus, suspension of, 36.
Hamilton, Alexander, 245, 279, 416.
Hampshire Gazette, 5.
Hancock, John, 3, 5, 10.
Hanson, Alexander Contee, 372, 416.
Hartford, 216.
Harvard College Library, 40.
Holland, public debt due, 73.
Hopkinson, Francis, 416.
Humphrey’s Mercury, 415.
Impeachment, 39, 233, 312, 391; in Massachusetts, 41; methods of, 30; powers of Senate in, 29.
Independent Chronicle, 5.
Independent Gazetteer, 218, 415, 416, 417.
India, trade with, 109.
Indian affairs, 301; lands, 300.
Iredell, James, 416.
Jay, John, 416.
Judiciary, 54, 159, 235, 241; appeals to, 130, 184, 361; appointment of, 69; dangers from, 66, 164; federal, 83; limits of 67, 118; national, 309; oppressiveness of, 159; powers of, 96; restrictions on federal, 119; state, 241.
“Junius,” pseudonym of, 51.
Jury, trial by, 41, 131, 308.
“Kempis, O’Flanagan,” pseudonym of, 51.
Lamb, John, 173, 245, 416.
“Landholder, A,” 129, 135, 205, 339, 344, 415; replies to, 123.
Land grants, power of courts over, 75.
Lands, western, 60, 63, 73.
Lansing, John, Jr., 104.
Lee, Gen. Charles, 161.
Lee, Henry, 162.
Lee, Richard Henry, 161, 177, 390.
Liberty of the press, 365.
Locke, 257.
Loyalists, opposition of, to constitution, 143.
M’Henry, James, 131, 187, 347, 350.
McKean, Thomas, 90, 100.
McKnight, Dr. Charles, 416.
MacLaughlin, Neil, 321.
Madison, 162, 231, 325, 387, 416.
Magna Charta, 219.
Maine, secession of, 257.
Manufactures in America, 201.
“Marcus,” pseudonym of, 416.
Martin, Luther, 104, 130, 137, 182, 185, 337, 416.
Maryland, 188; convention, 327; Legislature, petition to, 334.
Maryland Journal, 182, 323, 329, 337, 415, 416.
Mason, George, 104, 161, 164, 165, 172, 355.
Massachusetts, 258; Constitution of, 16; convention, 105, 187, 349; proposed resolution for, 84; debt of, 60; delegates from, 29; disadvantages of government for, 102; early history of, 56; feebleness of, 257; impeachment in, 30, 41; Legislature, action on constitution of, 17; means of taxation of, 13; origin of opposition in, 176; plan to aggrandize, 182; position of, 61; public lands of, 63; share of the Continental debt, 77; taxation in, 74; tender law of, 36, 59; warning to, 10.
Massachusetts Centinel, 3, 123, 416.
Massachusetts Gazette, 1, 12, 18, 49, 51, 416, 417.
Mercer, James Francis, 104.
Militia, 358; powers of Congress over, 184; power over, 342, 354; State control of, 118.
Minority, powers of, 33.
Monarchy, small danger of, 165.
Money, receipts and expenditures of public, 36.
Monopolies, power of Congress to create, 70; prevention of, 80.
Montesquieu, 256, 261.
Nails, manufacture of, 202.
Naturalization, 313; powers of Congress over, 79.
Navigation act, 161; motion against, 173; right to make, 234.
Netherlands, condition of, 249.
New England, manufactures of, 201.
New Hampshire, 189, 259; interest of, 190, 192; lands in, 75.
New Haven, 216.
New Haven Gazette, 211, 229, 416.
New Jersey, 183, 355.
New Spain, dangers from, 157.
Newspapers, scribblers in, 25.
New York against constitution, 61; Assembly, 245; colonial parties, 306; constitution of, 297, 299; violation of, 301; draft of a constitution for, 307; impost of, 173; opposition in, 176; proposed property qualification in, 307; State convention of 1776, 298; State debt of, 60; Executive, 310; taxation in, 74; tribute from Connecticut to, 180.
New York Journal, 125, 243, 269, 293, 415, 416, 417.
Nicholas, John, 416.
North Carolina, 258.
North Carolina, State Gazette of, 395, 415, 416, 417.
Northern States, character of people of, 92.
Nova Scotia, 191; condition of, 89.
“Numa,” pseudonym of, 5, 10.
Oath, 207, 369; character of, 17, 168; of President, 38.
“Ocrico,” pseudonym of, 52.
Officers, federal, privileges of, 119.
Office holders, 145; multiplication of, 88.
“Officer of the Continental Army,” pseudonym of, 415.
“Old Fog,” pseudonym of, 3.
Paper money, 127, 131, 196, 341, 348; motion to redeem, 174, 186; states to emit, 119.
## Parties, colonial, 306.
People, dangers from, 179; not to elect representatives, 183; rights of, 115.
Pennsylvania, 369; Assembly, 53, 369; Convention of, 90, 100; future seat of government, 98; naturalization in, 79; opposition in, 176.
Pennsylvania Gazette, 415.
“Pennsylvanian,” pseudonym of, 415.
“Philadelphiensis,” pseudonym of, 417.
“Philo-Publius,” pseudonym of, 415.
Pinckney, C. C., 183.
Pinckney, Charles, 416.
Pittsburg Gazette, 317, 415.
“Plain Dealer, A,” pseudonym of, 385, 416.
Poll tax, 272; forbidden, 118.
Population, destiny of, 193.
Press, liberty of, 164, 239.
Prices, depressed state of, 142.
Private opinion, freedom of, 170.
“Publicola,” pseudonym of, 415.
“Publius,” pseudonym of, 145, 416.
Quorum, dangers from, 32; powers of, 33.
Randolph, Edmund, 104, 231, 346, 387.
Randolph, Thomas Mann, 416.
Religion, freedom of, 168, 313; misuse of, 8.
Religious test, 207, 235; nature of, 169; necessity of, 168.
Representation, 54, 269, 391; best mode of, 151; difference of opinion concerning, 354; smallness of, 236, 240; want of, 151.
Representatives, House of, 54; electors of, 28; insufficiency of, 29; length of residence necessary, 28; method of choosing, 152; method of electing, 27, 357; people should not elect, 183; term of, 28; weakness of, 273.
Republics, Greek and Roman, 94.
“Republican Federalist,” pseudonym of, 416.
Republican government, guarantee of, 43, 106.
Revenue bills, origination of, 34.
Revenue, method of collecting, 193; Massachusetts’ share of, 102; sources of, 239.
Revolution, the American, 146.
Rhode Island, 105, 108, 115, 159, 196; junto in, 153; legislature of, 31, 36.
Rights, delegated, 113.
Roane, Spencer, 385, 416.
Russell, Benjamin, 127.
Scotland, union with England, 216.
Senate, 29, 273; blended with Executive, 275; method of choosing, 153; officers of, 29; powers of impeachment, 29; treaty power of, 165, 274; unspecified character of, 319.
Shay’s Rebellion, 5, 13, 57, 72, 157, 159, 257, 391.
Sheep raising, 201.
Sherman, Roger, 183, 211, 229, 416.
Shipbuilding, 61, 194; carpenters, 61.
Slavery, 258; responsibility for, 163.
Slaves, importation of, 163.
Smilie, John, 100, 321.
Smith, Melancthon, 173.
South Carolina, 164, 183, 265, 355; amendment of, 235; representation in, 108.
Southern States, character of people of 92; objections to commercial powers, 162.
“Spectator,” pseudonym of, 326.
States, coercion of, 184; influences, 297; courts, 54, 159; absorption of, 297; dangers to, 153; destruction of, 342; powers of, 98; negative on laws, 360; legislatures, action of, on constitution, 25; Congress a check on, 31; differences between Congress and, 224; powers of, 152; power over elections, 31; representation in, 152; officers, dangers from, 289; restrictions on, 36; rights, 68, 113, 118, 147, 184; admission of new, 42; advantages of, 66; bills of right valid in federal courts, 119; consolidation of, 97, 255; destruction of, 375; disputes between, 64, 100; equality of, in Senate, 29; interest of, 215; large vs. small, 216, 355; number to organize government, 184; rights to enforce laws of, 118.
State Gazette of North Carolina, 395.
State Gazette of South Carolina, 416.
State house, 355.
“State Soldier,” pseudonym of, 417.
“Steady and Open Republican,” pseudonym of, 416.
“Steady,” pseudonym of, 326.
Strong, Caleb, 105.
Sullivan, James, 1, 416.
“Sydney,” pseudonym of, 269, 293, 417.
Tax, poll, 273.
Taxation, 156, 193; dangers of, 81; direct, 235, 270; importance of, 271; in Connecticut, 148, 226; method of, 77, 358; powers of Congress over, 97.
Tender acts, 36, 59, 196.
Territory, right to alienate, 80, 118, 234.
Test law, 169, 171, 207, 235.
Town meetings, 226.
Trade, 61; condition of, 140; congressional control over, 161; foreign, 95; limitations of, 54; Massachusetts’ advantage for, 73; powers of Congress over, 79; regulation of, 70.
Trading companies, 70, 109; forbidden, 118.
Treason, punishment of, 41.
Treaty power, dangers from, 165.
Treaties, law of the land, 24; with Europe, 89.
Tucker, St. George, 417.
United States, an agricultural country, 200; condition of, 81, 121, 158; dangers to, 178; differences between the inhabitants of, 91; too large for government, 257; tranquillity of, 59.
Vermont, 258.
Vice-president, 240, 263; duties of, 158.
Virginia, 162, 390; house of delegates of, 166; plan to aggrandize, 182; qualifications of, 306; method of, 305; opposition in, 176.
Virginia Gazette, 387.
Virginia Independent Chronicle, 385, 416, 417.
“Vox Populi,” pseudonym of, 12, 16, 18.
Washington, George, 23, 26, 161, 177, 218, 251, 254, 285, 321, 347, 370.
West Indies, condition of, 89.
Western territory, 239.
Willetts, Marinus, 173.
Williams, William, 137, 168, 195, 202, 417.
Williamson, Hugh, 395, 417.
Wilson, James, 90, 96, 100, 112, 218, 335.
Winthrop, James, 40, 49, 417.
Woolen manufactures, 201.
Workman, Benjamin, 417.
Yates, Robert, 104, 173, 269, 293, 417.
FOOTNOTES
1 A writer then attacking the Hancock party. See _The Independent Chronicle_ for Aug. 23, and Sept. 15, 20, 1787. _Ed._
2 Shay’s Rebellion. _Ed._
3 Massachusetts newspapers published in Northampton and Boston. _Ed._
4 The administration of Governor Bowdoin. _Ed._
5 The author of the productions under the signature of Numa, it is said, is a gentleman of the cloth, in one of the Western counties.
6 John Hancock. _Ed._
7 A writer in the _Massachusetts Gazette_, Oct. 30, Nov. 6, 13, 16, and 23. _Ed._
8 The Legislature of Massachusetts was then so styled. _Ed._
9 In the _Massachusetts Gazette_, for Nov. 2, 9, and 20, 1787. _Ed._
10 See the letters of Agrippa in this work. _Ed._
11 Probably Elbridge Gerry, delegate from Massachusetts to the Federal Convention. _Ed._
12 Anti-federal scribblers in the Mass. Gazette.
13 Referring to Rhode Island. _Ed._
14 Harvard University Library, of which James Winthrop was librarian.—_Ed._
15 Said to be by James Winthrop. See the letters, printed herein.—_Ed._
16 Printed in _Elliot_, I, 492.—_Ed._
17 “An Address of the subscribers, members of the late Houses of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, to their constituents,” printed in the _Pennsylvania Packet_, Oct. 4, 1787.—_Ed._
18 Referring to Shay’s rebellion.—_Ed._
19 Act of 1786, providing that executions issued for private debt may be satisfied by articles particularly enumerated, at an appraised value from impartial men.—_Ed._
20 No attempt had been made by Massachusetts for several years to pay the interest on its debt, except by the State Treasurer’s issuing “consolidated notes” or “certificates” of indebtedness, bearing 6 per cent. interest. Though these were by law receivable for taxes, they had sold as low as 4/ in the pound.—_Ed._
21 The sales to the Ohio Company.—_Ed._
22 By Act of July 5, 1786.—_Ed._
23 Probably an allusion to the Phelps and Gorham purchase.—_Ed._
24 An allusion to the proceedings in the Convention of Pennsylvania.—_Ed._
25 Cf. with page 85.—_Ed._
26 Robert Yates, John Lansing, Jr., Luther Martin, James Francis Mercer, Edmund Randolph, George Mason, and Elbridge Gerry.—_Ed._
27 The speech of Caleb Strong in the State Convention, Jan. 16, 1788.—_Ed._
28 Delivered Oct. 6, 1787. Printed in _Ford’s Pamphlets on the Constitution_, p. 155.—_Ed._
29 No record of this is given in the _Debates in the Massachusetts Convention_.—_Ed._
30 Printed in _Elliot_, I, 492.—_Ed._
31 Printed in Ford’s _Pamphlets on the Constitution_, p. 327.
32 Richard Henry Lee.
33 Saturday, September 15. See _Papers of James Madison_, III., 1593.
34 The paragraph containing Mason’s objection to the mere majority power of Congress to regulate commerce, was included in all the southern papers, but omitted in copies furnished to the papers north of Maryland.—_Ed._
35 Mason proposed in the convention that the President should have a privy council of six.—_Ed._
36 This is an error. It was moved by Mason and seconded by Gerry. Cf. _Papers of James Madison, III._, 1578.
37 See letter of William Williams in this collection.—_Ed._
38 John Lamb, Marinus Willetts, Melancthon Smith, George Clinton and Robert or Abraham Yates, the principal anti-federalists of New York.—_Ed._
39 See counter-statements of Gerry and Martin in their answers.—_Ed._
40 Cf. _Papers of James Madison_, III, 1595.
41 The Convention of Connecticut, which was to meet Jan. 4.—_Ed._
42 The Landholder, IV-VIII, were reprinted in _The Maryland Journal_, and the attack on Gerry in them, drew from Luther Martin a defence of that gentleman, which is printed in this collection. To that the Landholder replied as above, but this one of the series was not printed in _The Connecticut Courant_, its place being taken by the number X., printed immediately after this letter.—_Ed._
43 June 9.—_Ed._
44 This is a misstatement. The motion to elect representatives as the state legislature should direct was made by C. C. Pinckney, was seconded by Martin, and approved of by Sherman, and on being put to a vote was favored by Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware and South Carolina. Cf. _Papers of James Madison_, II., 925.—_Ed._
45 Mr. Gerry agreed with Mr. Martin on these questions.
46 By direction of the General Assembly of Maryland, Martin reported the proceedings of the federal Convention to them, and this was afterwards printed in pamphlet form under the title of _Genuine Information_.—_Ed._
47 June 9, according to Madison, the _Journal_ and Martin’s _Genuine Information_.—_Ed._
48 Gerry, though defeated in an election to the Massachusetts Convention, was invited by them to attend, in order to furnish information to the members.—_Ed._
49 To prevent any misconstruction the following is the publication entire:
(This note is by the Landholder, and is followed by the article already printed at p. 127. It therefore seems unnecessary to add it here.—_Ed._)
I will not say this writer makes a distinction between a thing done in convention and a thing done in committee. Be this as it may, he confesses more than Mr. Martin; for it seems that Mr. Gerry proposed that “the public debt should stand on the same ground it now stands on by the articles of confederation.” He might have subjoined that Mr. Gerry prefaced this motion by observing that it was the same in substance as his first, in as much as it included his first. But notwithstanding this motion was readily agreed to without his explanation being contradicted, yet he never afterwards favoured the convention with a look of peace, or a word of reconcilement.