M.

P.S.--Since writing the above, I have seen MR. FRERE's note on the same subject (Vol. vii, p. 463.). The substitution of _mangel_ for the original _mangold_, was probably an attempt to correct some vulgar error in orthography; or to substitute a word of some significance for one of none. But, as Dr. Lindley has said, "If we adopt a foreign name, we ought to take it as we find it, whatever may be its imperfections."

_Ecclesia Anglicana_ (Vol. vii., pp. 12. 440. 535.).--I gladly set down for G. R. M. the following instances of the use of "Ecclesia Gallicana;" they are quotations occurring in Richard's _Analysis Consiliorum_: he will find many more in the same work as translated by Dalmasus:

"Ex _Gallicanae Ecclesiae_ usu, Jubilaei Bullae ad Archiepiscopos mittendae sunt, e quorum manibus ad suffraganeos Episcopos perferuntur."--_Monumenta Cleri_, tom. ii. p. 228.

"_Gallicana Ecclesia_ a disciplinae remissione, ante quadringentos aut quingentos annos inducta, se melius quam aliae defendit, Romanaeque curiae ausis vehementius resistat."--Fleurius, _Sermo super Ecclesiae Gallicanae Libertatibus_.

I have not time to search for the other examples which he wants; though I have not any doubt but they would easily be found. The English Church has been, I consider, a more Romanising church than many; but, in mediaeval times, the most intimate connexion with Rome did not destroy, though it impaired, the nationality of the church. The church of Spain is, I believe, now one of the most national of the churches in communion with Rome.

W. FRASER.

Tor-Mohun.

_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. vii., p. 455.).--The writer saw, a few years ago, the shape of a glove hanging {633} during the fair at the common ground of Southampton, and was told, that while it was there debtors were free from arrest within the town.

ANON.

In returning my thanks to your correspondents who have given instances of this custom, allow me to add that a friend has called my attention to the fact that Mattishall _Gant_, or fair, takes place in Rogation or _Gang week_, and probably takes its name from the latter word. Forby says that there are probably few instances of the use of this word, and I am not aware of any other than the one he gives, viz. Mattishall _Gant_.

E. G. R.

_Popular Sayings.--The Sparrows at Lindholme_ (Vol. vii., p. 234.).--The sparrows at Lindholme have made themselves scarce here, under the following circumstances:--William of Lindholme seems to have united in himself the characters of hermit and wizard. When a boy, his parents, on going to Wroot Feast, hard by, left him to keep the sparrows from the corn; at which he was so enraged that he took up an enormous stone, and threw it at the house to which they were gone, but from throwing it too high it fell on the other side. After he had done this he went to the feast, and when scolded for it, said he had fastened up all the sparrows in the barn; where they were found, on the return home, all dead, except a few which were turned white. (Vide Stonehouse's _History of the Isle of Axholme_.)

As for the "Doncaster Daggers" and "Hatfield Rats," also inquired after, I have no information, although those places are in the same neighbourhood.

W. H. L.

_Effects of the Vox Regalis of the Queen Bee_ (Vol. vii., p. 499.).--Dr. Bevan, than whom there is probably no better authority on apiarian matters, discredits this statement of Huber. No other naturalist appears to have witnessed these wonderful effects. Dr. Bevan however states, that when the queen is

"Piping, prior to the issue of an after-swarm, the bees that are near her remain still, with a slight inclination of their heads, but whether impressed by fear or not seems doubtful."--Bevan _On the Honey Bee_, p. 18.

CHEVERELLS.

_Seneca and St. Paul_ (Vol. vii., p. 500.).--

"The fourteen letters of Seneca to Paul, _which are printed_ in the old editions of Seneca, are apocryphal."--Dr. W. Smith's _Dict. of Mythology_, &c.

"SENECA, Opera, 1475, fol. The second part contains only his letters, and _begins with the correspondence of St. Paul and Seneca_."--Ebert's _Bibl. Dict._

B. H. C.

_Hurrah_ (Vol. vi., p. 54.; Vol. vii., p. 595.).--Wace's _Chronicle of the Norman Conquest_, as it appears in Mr. Edgar Taylor's translation, pp. 21, 22, mentions the war-cries of the various knights at the battle of Val des Dunes. Duke William cries "Dex aie," and Raol Tesson "_Tur aie_;" on which there is a note that M. Pluquet reads "Thor aide," which he considers may have been derived from the ancient Northmen. Surely this is the origin of our modern _hurrah_; and if so, perhaps the earliest mention of our English war-cry.

J. F. M.

_Purlieu_ (Vol. vii., p. 477.).--The etymology of this word which Dr. Johnson adopted is that which many others have approved of. The only other derivation which appears to have been suggested is from _perambulatio_. Blount, _Law Dict._, s. voc., thus explains:

"_Purlue_ or _Purlieu_ (from the Fr. _pur_, i. e. _purus_, and _lieu_, locus) is all that ground near any forest, which being made forest by Henry II., Richard I., or King John, were, by _perambulation_, granted by Henry III., severed again from the same, and became _purlue_, i. e. pure and free from the laws and ordinances of the forest. Manwood, par. 2., For. Laws, cap. 20.; see the statute 33 Edw. I. stat. 5. And the perambulation, whereby the _purlieu_ is deafforested, is called _pourallee_, i. e. _perambulatio_. 4 Inst. fol. 303."

(See also Lye, Cowel, Skinner, and especially Minshaeus.)

B. H. C.

_Bell Inscriptions_ (Vol. vi., p. 554.).--In Weever's _Ancient Funeral Monuments_ (London, 1631) are the following inscriptions:

"En ego campana nunquam denuncio vana; Laudo Deum verum, plebem voco, congrego clerum. Defunctos plango, vivos voco, fulmina frango. Vox mea, vox vitae, voco vos ad sacra, venite, Sanctos collaudo, tonitrus fugo, funera claudo." . . . . . . "Funera plango, fulgura frango, Sabbatha pango, Excito lentos, dissipo ventos, paco cruentos."

There is also an old inscription for a "holy water" vessel:

"Hujus aquae tactus depellit Demonis actus. Asperget vos Deus cum omnibus sanctis suis ad vitam aeternam. Sex operantur aqua benedicta. Cor mundat, Accidiam fugat, venalia tollit, Auget opem, removetque hostem, phantasmata pellit."

At page 848. there is a beautiful specimen of an old font in the church of East Winch, in the diocese of Norwich.

CLERICUS (D).

Dublin.

_Quotation from Juvenal_ (Vol. vii., pp. 166. 321.).--My copy of this poet being unfortunately without notes, I was not aware that there was authority for "abest" in this passage; but my argument still remains much the same, as regards quoters {634} having retained for their own convenience a reading which most editors have rejected. I observe that Gifford, in his translation, takes _habes_ as the basis of his version in both the passages mentioned.

May I ask if it is from misquotation, or variation in the copies, that an even more hackneyed quotation is never given as I find it printed, Sat. 2. v. 83.: "Nemo repente _venit_ turpissimus?"

J. S. WARDEN.

_Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman_ (Vol. vii., pp. 133. 211.).--Your correspondent L. has not proved this story to be fabulous: it has usually been told of the wife of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, great-grandmother of the two queens, and, for anything we know yet of _her_ family, it may be quite true.

J. S. WARDEN.

_Rathe_ (Vol. vii., p. 512).--I can corroborate the assertion of Anon., that this word is still in use in Sussex, though by no means frequently. Not long since I heard an old woman say, "My gaeffer (meaning her husband) got up quite _rathe_ this morning."

In the case of the early apple it is generally pronounced _ratheripe_.

See also Cooper's excellent _Sussex Glossary_, 2nd edit. 1853.