Chapter IV
. Gibson’s translation.
[261] _Spectator_, 451, C.
[262] _Charity_, II, 501 ff.
[263] Lionel Johnson, in _Post Liminium_.
[264] _Victorian Age of Eng. Lit._, 461.
[265] _One of Our Conquerors_, 267.
[266] _Shirley_, I, 330.
[267] _Melincourt_, 10.
[268] _Melincourt_, 17.
[269] _Ibid._, 150.
[270] _Shirley_, II, 71. Trollope speaks through Laura Kennedy and Madame Max Goesler, in _Phineas Finn_, the former of whom longs vainly to go out and milk the cows, while the latter complains of having only vicarious interests.
[271] _Phineas Finn_, III, 103. After finally accepting Lord Chiltern, she almost gives him up because she cannot stand his idleness.
[272] _The Egoist_, 21.
[273] _Lord Ormont and his Aminta_, 182.
[274] _Diana of the Crossways_, 158.
[275] _The Egoist_, 163. Cf. Simeon Strunsky’s essay on _The Eternal Feminine_, in _The Patient Observer_; a humorous sermon which might have been developed from this logical text.
[276] _Yeast_, 110. Elsewhere in the volume the author expounds his feministic philosophy: “She tried, as women will, to answer him with arguments, and failed, as women will fail.” 29. “Woman will have guidance. It is her delight and glory to be led.” 177.
[277] _The Adventures of Philip_, II, 42.
[278] _Ibid._, I, 237. Thackeray’s patronizing smugness and antique attitude towards women come out with a beautiful unconsciousness in a letter to one of them, and that one a prime favorite with him, Mrs. Brookfield: “I am afraid I don’t respect your sex enough, though. Yes I do, when they are occupied with loving and sentiment rather than with other business of life.” His fair correspondent could not retort that he would have found a congenial soul in Meredith’s Lady Wathin, who “both dreaded and detested brains in women, believing them to be devilish;” but she might have reminded him of the twinkling chivalry of Christopher North, who confessed, “To my aged eyes a neat ankle is set off attractively by a slight shade of cerulian.”
[279] _Pelham_, 291.
[280] _Pelham_, 73.
[281] _Kenelm Chillingly_, 42.
[282] _Ibid._, 81.
[283] _The Young Duke_, 6.
[284] _The Young Duke_, 16.
[285] _Ibid._, 86.
[286] _Sybil_, 153.
[287] _Erewhon_, 136.
[288] Concluding his contrast between _Alton Locke_ and Disraeli’s Trilogy, in _Transcripts and Studies_, 193. In this connection another contrast, between Disraeli and Mrs. Ward, is interesting, because it turns on the effect of humor. “Her presentment of the lighter side of English political life is accurate, and in its way interesting and historically valuable, but it is wholly wanting in that brilliant satiric touch which has made Disraeli’s novels live as literature when their political significance has utterly passed away.” Traill, in _The New Fiction_, 44.
[289] _The Misfortunes of Elphin_, 63.
[290] _Melincourt_, 165.
[291] _The Coming Race_, 81.
[292] _Pelham_, 210.
[293] _Tancred_, 73. Cf. the king’s speech to Popanilla; also Gerard’s observation,--“‘I have no doubt you will get through the business very well, Mr. Hoaxem, particularly if you be “frank and explicit”; that is the right line to take when you wish to conceal your own mind and to confuse the minds of others.’” _Sybil_, 403.
[294] _Sybil_, 43.
[295] In his _Dickens_, 81. Dickens himself admits in a letter to Macready (1855) that he has “no present political faith or hope--not a grain.”
[296] _Framley Parsonage_, 14.
[297] _One of Our Conquerors_, 3.
[298] _Beauchamp’s Career_, 19.
[299] _Ibid._, 28.
[300] _The Infernal Marriage_, 353. In _The Young Duke_ there is an allusion to “the two thousand Brahmins who constitute the World,” and to “the ten or twelve or fifteen millions of Pariahs for whose existence philosophers have hitherto failed to adduce a satisfactory cause.” 132.
[301] P. 430. “Yet no entering wedge of criticism was possible, in so impervious an object. Nobody appeared to have the least idea that there was any other system, but _the_ system, to be considered.”
[302] _Never Too Late to Mend_, 286.
[303] _Ibid._, 415.
[304] _Never Too Late to Mend_, 360.
[305] This foreshadows a similar scene in Frank Norris’s _Octopus_.
[306] _Ibid._, 182.
[307] _Ibid._, 345.
[308] _Ibid._, 229. The antipodal point of view in _Latter Day Pamphlets_ illustrates vividly the availability of satire for either side of a cause.
[309] _Orley Farm_, III, 237.
[310] _The Bertrams_, 5.
[311] _The Bertrams_, 8.
[312] _Melincourt_, II, 10. Cf. some other clerical cognomens, Gaster, Grovelgrub; and the way in which they were lived up to.
[313] _The Misfortunes of Elphin_, 65. There is a similar hit through Friar Tuck, in _Maid Marian_, 30.
[314] _Book of Snobs_, 232.
[315] _Framley Parsonage_, 23. On another occasion we are told that “Mrs. Proudie’s manner might have showed to a very close observer that she knew the difference between a bishop and an archdeacon.”
[316] _Ibid._, 86.
[317] _The Warden_, 50.
[318] _The Bertrams_, 114.
[319] _Ibid._, 303.
[320] _Sir Harry Hotspur_, 93.
[321] _Barchester Towers_, 77.
[322] _The Warden_, 32.
[323] Although Kingsley threw _Shirley_ aside because the opening seemed to him vulgar. Harriet Martineau said the same of _Villette_.
[324] _Shirley_, I, 2.
[325] _Shirley_, I, 355.
[326] _Villette_, II, 186.
[327] _Villette_, II, 210–11.
[328] _Villette_, II, 220.
[329] _Alton Locke_, 186.
[330] _Alton Locke_, 229–30. Cf. 205ff. for an equally forceful presentation of the other side through the eloquent rebuke to illogical complaints, given by Eleanor Staunton. It is in _Yeast_ that Papacy is satirized, a typical hit being the unconscious irony of Vieuxbois’ assertion,--“I do not think that we have any right in the nineteenth century to contest an opinion which the fathers of the Church gave in the fourth.” 114. Alton Locke also says,--“A man-servant, a soldier and a Jesuit, are to me the three great wonders of humanity--three forms of moral suicide, for which I never had the slightest gleam of sympathy, or even comprehension.” 187.
[331] _Beauchamp’s Career_, 622.
[332] _Erewhon_, 151.
[333] _Ibid._, 155.
[334] _Ibid._, 157. Cf. Kingsley’s statement that the working men distrust the clergy. In _The Way of All Flesh_, Butler observes, “A clergyman, again, can hardly ever allow himself to look facts fairly in the face.” 103. Cf. also his _Note Books_, “In a way the preachers believe what they preach, but it is as men who have taken a bad ten pound note and refuse to look at the evidence that makes for its badness, though, if the note were not theirs, they would see at a glance that it was not a good one.” 190.
[335] _Erewhon Revisited_, 39–40. Panky, who wore his Sunchild suit backward, as a matter of dogma, is supposed to represent the Anglican, and Hanky the Jesuit. The broad church is represented by the far superior Dr. Downie. Butler’s positive philosophy is expressed, though still in the indirect manner, in the account of Ydgrun and the Ydgrunites: _Erewhon_, Chap. XVII.
[336] In _The Duke’s Children_. Cf. _The Small House at Allington_, 498, for remarks on inadequate parents. Perhaps Meredith’s picture in lighter tones, of Harry Richmond and his irresponsible but aspiring father, might be mentioned.
[337] _Way of All Flesh_, 98.
[338] _Ibid._, 125.
[339] By J. L. Hughes, in _Dickens as an Educator_.
[340] _Dombey and Son_, II, 313.
[341] _David Copperfield_, I, 92.
[342] Cf. the beginning of same chapter for the school system generally.
[343] _Crochet Castle_, 115.
[344] _Ibid._, 32.
[345] _Pelham_, 13. Cf. his _Kenelm Chillingly_ for a discussion between Uncle John, the idealistic vicar and Mivers, the utilitarian man of the world, as to educational values. The latter believes the parson’s rêgime would produce “either a pigeon or a ring-dove, a credulous booby or a sentimental milk-sop.” The former makes a thoughtful distinction between the public school, which ripens talent but stifles genius, and the private, which is too enervating, making of the boys either prigs or sissies. It is Mivers who advocates adapting the style of education to the disposition of the individual; and insuring development by putting the youthful mind in contact with the most original and innovating thinkers of the day.
[346] _The Warden_, 151. This is really more unjust to Dickens than the flings at Dr. Pessimist Anti-cant are to Carlyle. It is interesting to note that the very measure meted to Lytton by Dickens is measured to him by Trollope.
[347] _Nightmare Abbey_, 50.
[348] _Pelham_, 301.
[349] _Ixion_, 282.
[350] _One of Our Conquerors_, 10.
[351] _One of Our Conquerors_, 72.
[352] _Ibid._, 228.
[353] _England and the English_, 21.
[354] _Tancred_, 242. It is a race also that “having little imagination, takes refuge in reason, and carefully locks the door when the steed is stolen.” 379. Moreover, the Oriental says of the European what the latter applied in the course of time to the American,--he “talks of progress, because, by an ingenious application of some scientific acquirements, he has established a society which has mistaken comfort for civilization.” 227.
[355] _Melincourt_, II, 47.
[356] _Nicholas Nickleby_, I, 415.
[357] In his _Dickens_, 120. he adds, “Dickens does mean it as a deliberate light on Mr. Dombey’s character that he basks with a fatuous calm in the blazing sun of Major Bagstock’s tropical and offensive flattery.”
[358] _Godolphin_, 198.
[359] _Maltravers_, 155.
[360] _My Novel_, 353.
[361] _Felix Holt_, I, 152. Kingsley depicts the same thing in higher life, and takes it more seriously: Lancelot is contemptuous over the vicar,--“He told me, hearing me quote Schiller, to beware of the Germans, for they were all Pantheists at heart. I asked him whether he included Lange and Bunsen, and it appeared that he had never read a German book in his life. He then flew furiously at Mr. Carlyle, and I found that all he knew of him was from a certain review in the _Quarterly_.” _Yeast_, 63.
[362] _Daniel Deronda_, II, 162.
[363] _Maltravers_, 261.
[364] _Last Chronicles_, I, 300.
[365] _Mill on the Floss_, III, 113.
[366] _Middlemarch_, III, 460.
[367] _Diana of the Crossways_, 407.
[368] _The Duke’s Children_, II, 64.
[369] _The Way We Live Now_, II, 104.
[370] _Rhoda Fleming_, 372.
[371] _Ibid._, 46.
[372] _Rhoda Fleming_, 108.
[373] _Ibid._, 307.
[374] _Ibid._, 337.
[375] Dr. David Starr Jordan. As to Thackeray, the analysis made by Trollope is very much to the point,--that he mustered all his dislikes and animosities under that caption. See the Biography, 82.
[376] This character makes a shrewd comment, which indicts English society for being a promoter of snobbishness: “They call me a _parvenu_, and borrow my money. They call our friend the wit, a _parvenu_, and submit to all his insolence * * * provided they can but get him to dinner. They call the best debater in the Parliament of England a _parvenu_, and will entreat him, some day or other, to be prime minister, and ask him for stars and garters. A droll world, and no wonder the _parvenus_ want to upset it.” _My Novel_, II, 130.
[377] _Sense and Sensibility_, II, 85.
[378] This conception of sentimentality has many illustrations, expressed and implied. Chesterton describes the sentimentalist as “the man who wants to eat his cake and have it,” who “has no sense of honour about ideas,” and who keeps a quarreling “intellectual harem.” Crotch, in his _Pageantry of Dickens_, remarks that the English “prefer a plaster of platitudes to the x-rays of investigation.” Meredith in his _Up to Midnight_, observes that liberty is one of the phrases we suck like sweetmeats, and adds, “We read the newspapers daily, and yet we surround ourselves with a description of scenic extravaganza conjured up to displace uncomfortable facts. The image of it is the Florentine Garden established in the midst of the Plague.”
See also Butler’s _Notebooks_, Anatole France’s essay on Dumas, and Bailey’s biography of Meredith.
[379] _Melincourt_, 23.
[380] _North and South_, 9. Cf. Kingsley’s crude and literal handling of the same theme. Anna Maria Heale was always talking of her nerves, “though she had nerves only in the sense wherein a sirloin of beef has them.” _Two Years Ago_, 85.
[381] _Wives and Daughters_, I, 394.
[382] _Ibid._, I, 324. Mrs. Gaskell’s art is shown in making Cynthia a foil to her mother. Like Dr. Gibson and Molly, she sees through that lady’s transparent veiling, but unlike them, she is more frank than polite. Her distressingly literal interpretations of the subtle speeches to which the household is treated, affords a contrast that is lacking, for instance, in the duet of Mrs. Mackenzie and Rosey.
[383] _David Copperfield_, II, 102.
[384] _Dombey and Son_, I, 57.
[385] _Ibid._, 464.
[386] _Adam Bede_, I, 184.
[387] _Romola_, II, 469. Cf. _Two Years Ago_, for a sample of Kingsley’s personally applied, Thackerayan sarcasm on a similar subject,--we young men, “blinded by our self-conceit,” and so on.
[388] _Silas Marner_, 84. Cf. Catherine Arrowpoint’s interpretation of parental piety: “People can easily take the sacred word duty as a name for what they desire any one else to do.” _Daniel Deronda_, I, 370.
[389] _Middlemarch_, II, 61. She also refused to marry Fred Vincy if he took orders, because she “could not love a man who is ridiculous.” He would be so because of the entire absence of the clerical in his nature.
[390] _Sandra Belloni_, 220.
[391] _Ibid._, 4. He enlarges on this result of an effete civilization, hinting that “our sentimentalists are a variety owing their existence to a certain prolonged term of comfortable feeding. The pig, it will be retorted, passes likewise through this training. He does. But in him it is not combined with an indigestion of high German romances.”
[392] _Evan Harrington_, 349.
[393] _Sandra Belloni_, 152.
[394] _Rhoda Fleming_, 149. Cf. Victor Radnor, who “intended impressing himself upon the world as a factory of ideas.” Also Sir Willoughby, who can account for Lætitia’s refusal of him only by the reflection,--“There’s a madness comes over women at times, I know.”
[395] He also visualizes himself as a Don Juan, Lothario, Lovelace, and thinks, “Why should not he be a curled darling as well as another?” He is consequently hurt and astonished when, after the event, his disarming confession, “I know I’ve behaved badly,” was met by the unsympathetic agreement, “Well, yes, I’m afraid you have.”
[396] Cf. the whole _motif_ of Rostand’s _Chanticler_.
[397] Sentimentalism is further described as “a happy pastime and an important science to the timid, the idle, and the heartless; but a damning one to them who have anything to forfeit.” _Richard Feverel_, 220.
[398] In an access of particularly malicious realism, Meredith calls attention to a region that was already “a trifle prominent in the person of the wise youth, and carried, as it were, the flag of his philosophical tenets in front of him.” He is also described as having “an instinct for the majority, and, as the world invariably found him enlisted in its ranks, his appellation of wise youth was acquiesced in without irony.” Again,--“discreetness, therefore, was instructed to reign at the Abbey. Under Adrian’s able tuition the fairest of its domestics acquired that virtue.”
[399] _Ralph the Heir_, 81. He dissects him a little further,--“How far the real philanthropy of the man may have been marred by an uneasy and fatuous ambition; how far he was carried away by a feeling that it was better to make speeches at the Cheshire Cheese than to apply for payment of money due to his father, it would be very hard for us to decide.”
[400] _Last Chronicles of Barset_, I, 108.
[401] _Ibid._, 449.
[402] _The Way We Live Now_, 1–2. In this connection we are also informed that “She did not fall in love, she did not wilfully flirt, she did not commit herself; but she smiled and whispered, and made confidences and looked out of her own eyes into men’s eyes as though there might be some mysterious bond between her and them--if only mysterious circumstances would permit it. But the end of it all was to induce some one to do something which would cause a publisher to give her good payment for indifferent writing, or an editor to be lenient when, upon the merits of the case, he should have been severe.”
[403] This proves efficacious, since Mr. Booker, though “an Aristides among reviewers,” cannot resist the bait of a favorable notice of his _Tale_, “even though written by the hand of a female literary charlatan, and he would have no compunction as to repaying the service by fulsome praise in _The Literary Chronicle_.”
[404] _Nightmare Abbey_, 78.
[405] _What Will He Do with It?_ Preface to Chap. IV, Bk. VI.
[406] _Sketches and Travels_: in London, 268. Cf. Taine’s comment that Thackeray “does as a novelist what Hobbes does as a philosopher. Almost everywhere, when he describes fine sentiments, he derives them from an ugly source.” _Hist. of Eng. Lit._, IV, 188.
[407] “Of this national disease, this indifference to reality, the main bulk of nineteenth century English fiction has died already or must soon be dead.” Gosse: _Eng. Lit. in the Nineteenth Cent._ 221.
[408] _Letters_, I, 156.
[409] _Godolphin_, 106–7. Cf. _Pelham_, 106 ff. for a long discussion of the novel.
[410] _Autobiography_, 206. But on another page he describes the sense of intimate reality he had of his beloved Barsetshire, and how vivid was the mental map he had made of it.
[411] _Diana of the Crossways_, 275.
[412] _The Egoist_, 2.
[413] _Adam Bede_, I, 268.
[414] _History of English Literature_, V, 140.
[415] _Middlemarch_, II, 275. In this story also occurs the exquisite passage on the theme of the second citation above: “If we had a keen feeling and vision of all ordinary human life, it would be like seeing the grass grow and hearing the squirrel’s heart beat, and we should die of that roar which lies on the other side of silence. As it is, the quickest of us walk about well wadded with stupidity.”
[416] _Daniel Deronda_, III, 79.
[417] One of her biographers, G. W. Cooke, evidently holding to the old idea of satire, makes the opposite deduction, that “she is too much in sympathy with human nature to laugh at its follies and its weaknesses. * * * The foibles of the world she cannot treat in the vein of the satirist.” Not if this vein be restricted to the Juvenalian and Popeian types, certainly.
[418] _Letters_, II, 535.
[419] A description of this youth concludes with a most significant epigram: “He was one of those who delight to dally with gentleness and faith, * * * but the mere suspicion of coquetry and indifference plunged him into a fury of jealous wrathfulness, and tossed so desirable an image of beauty before him that his mad thirst to embrace it seemed love. By our manner of loving we are known.” _Vittoria_, 378.
[420] _An Amazing Marriage_, 511. He adds, “Character must ever be a mystery, only to be explained in some degree by conduct; and that is very dependent upon accident.”
[421] _The Egoist_, 4. It is in this connection that comedy “watches over sentimentalism with a birch-rod.” And it is at the end of the same story that she is “grave and sisterly” toward Clara and Vernon, though when she regards certain others, “she compresses her lips.”
[422] _Diana_, 429. This is where Meredith and Browning are at one;--not only in the obvious resemblance of a cramped and obscure style, but in the agreement as to a fundamental idea--that the justification of love lies in its intellectual companionship and spiritual inspiration.
[423] _One of Our Conquerors_, 340.
[424] _Evan Harrington_, 343.
[425] The relation between Kenelm and his father is particularly fine, and is reflected in the youth’s remark to a comrade,--“If human beings despise each other for being young and foolish, the sooner we are exterminated by that superior race which is to succeed us on earth, the better it will be.”
[426] Cecil Headlam, in his Introduction to _Selections from the British Satirists_.
[427] _Satire_ I, 85.
[428] One may generalize that the object of satire is deceit as one may call the sky blue. It does not always appear so. Indeed, it shows at times almost every other color.
[429] The motto of _Erewhon Revisited_ is from the _Iliad_: “Him do I hate, even as I hate hell fire, who says one thing, and hides another in his heart.” But while Butler is vehement enough, he is less fervent than this would indicate.
[430] _Middlemarch_, III, 264.
[431] _Ibid._, 271.
[432] _Silas Marner_, 26–27. In the same narrative the author uses the misfortunes of Godfrey to illustrate the truth that “Favorable Chance is the god of all men who follow their own devices instead of obeying a law they believe in. * * * The evil principle deprecated in that religion, is the orderly sequence by which the seed brings forth a crop after its kind.” 91.
[433] _Felix Holt_, I, 6.
[434] _Daniel Deronda_, I, 395.
[435] _Middlemarch_, III, 288.
[436] _Ibid._, 329.
[437] Burton, _Masters of the English Novel_, 290.
[438] _Essay on Comedy_, 21.
[439] Prelude to _The Egoist_.
[440] _Mary Barton_, 6.
[441] _Ibid._, 317.
[442] _Diana of the Crossways_, 48.
[443] _Yeast_, 34.
[444] _Yeast_, 236. He also has a sneer for the patronizing scheme of Vieuxbois, in which “of course the clergy and the gentry were to educate the poor, who were to take down thankfully as much as it was thought proper to give them: and all beyond was ‘self-will’ and ‘private judgment,’ the fathers of Dissent and Chartism, Trades-union strikes, and French Revolutions.” 117.
[445] He reflects, “I had not the hardihood to suggest to Dora’s father that possibly we might even improve the world a little, if we got up early in the morning, and took off our coats to the work; but I confessed that I thought we might improve the Commons.” _David Copperfield_, II, 44. The counter argument brought forward to dampen his enthusiasm was that more good was done to the sinecurists than harm to the public,--whose ignorance was its bliss. “Under the Prerogative Office, the country had been glorious. Insert the wedge into the Prerogative Office, and the country would cease to be glorious, He considered it the principle of a gentleman to take things as he found them.”
[446] _Put Yourself in his Place_, 401.
[447] _Never too Late to Mend_, 411. In the same story Reade lays great stress on the importance of the inspector’s duty: “Only for this task is required, not the gullibility that characterizes the many, but the sagacity that distinguishes the few.” 360.
It was this sagacity, combined with keen imagination, quick sympathy, and prompt and efficient action, that rendered the chaplain Eden a success under discouraging difficulties. The very foundation of his success was laid when he insisted on experiencing for himself the straight jacket and the solitary confinement, to the unbounded but amused mystification of the jail officials. And the shrewd _coup d’état_ by which he converted one of them revealed the profound truth that “ignorance is the mother of cruelty.”
[448] _Beauchamp’s Career_, 40.
[449] _Beauchamp’s Career_, 7.
[450] _Diana of the Crossways_, 153.
[451] _One of Our Conquerors_, 70. Etymologically, it is only the sarcastic variety which pushes the attack so far.
[452] _Autobiography_, 86. Even the ingenuous Mr. Brooke of Middlemarch had made the subtle discovery that “Satire, you know, should be true up to a certain point.” And a century before, satire’s warmest defender, John Brown, had cautioned the wits against degrading her “to a scold.”
[453] _Sense and Sensibility_, 244.
[454] Raleigh: _The English Novel_, 112.
[455] _Middlemarch_, I, 174. Cf. the taunt of the practical young Radical to Esther Lyon, on her choice of literature: “* * * gentlemen like your Rénés, who have no particular talent for the finite, but a general sense that the infinite is the right thing for them.” _Felix Holt_, II, 34.
[456] _Romola_, I, 287.
[457] In his initial pleasure over Wickham, he defies “even Sir William Lucas himself to produce a more valuable son-in-law,” but later, after reading a letter from Collins, he concludes,--“I cannot help giving him the preference even over Wickham, much as I value the impudence and hypocrisy of my son-in-law.”
[458] “God forgive you,” he exclaims to Carrasco, “the injury you have done the whole world, in endeavouring to restore to his senses the most diverting madman in it. Do you not see, sir, that the benefit of his recovery will not counterbalance the pleasure his extravagancies afford?” III, 449.
[459] _Evan Harrington_, 457. Cf. a similar idea in _The Shaving of Shagpat_. The narrator of _The Newcomes_ speaks in the Preface of the “pert little satirical monitor” which sprang up inwardly and upset the fond humbug he was cherishing. It is a curious circumstance that neither Dickens nor Thackeray, with all their humor, could create characters with that quality. Even of Becky it might be said that she never did a foolish thing, nor ever said a wise one.
[460] _Note Books_, 189.
[461] _Evan Harrington_, 368.
[462] _Framley Parsonage_, 306.
[463] _Adam Bede_, II, 37. Cf. Lord Fleetwood’s complaint to Carinthia that she has hit him hard and justly, followed by his acknowledgment,--“Not you. Our deeds are the hard hitters. We learn when they begin to flagellate, stroke upon stroke! Suppose we hold a costly thing in the hand and dash it to the ground--no recovery of it, none!” _An Amazing Marriage_, 439.
[464] _Daniel Deronda_, II, 86.
[465] _The Virginians_, II, 363.
[466] _Melincourt_, II, 14.
[467] _Essay on Comedy_, 62.
[468] _An Amazing Marriage_, 202.
[469] Meredith, in _Patience and Foresight_.
Transcriber’s Notes:
1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.
2. Where appropriate, the original spelling has been retained.
3. Italics are shown as _xxx_.
4. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.