Chapter XII

). The sovereignty of England extended over this territory, the right of eminent domain being vested in the crown. Henderson was legally justified in disregarding the royal proclamation of 1763 which was largely in the nature of a temporary expedient, and in purchasing the title to the trans-Alleghany region from the Cherokees in 1775. The right of eminent domain over the trans-Alleghany region still vested in the crown after the treaty of Sycamore Shoals.

138 MS. Journals of James and Robert McAfee. Durrett Collection, University of Chicago. These journals are printed in Woods-McAfee Memorial.

139 Hening: Virginia Statutes at Large, x, 558.

140 Wharton: Plain Facts, 96 et seq. See also text ff.

141 Alvord: The Mississippi Valley in British Politics, ii, ch. 7; Cotterill: History of Pioneer Kentucky, 65-66.

142 T. Wharton to Walpole, September 23, 1774, in "Letter Book of Thomas Wharton," Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, xxxiii (October, 1909).

143 For ample materials, cf. Thwaites and Kellogg: Documentary History of Dunmore's War--1774.

144 Cf. "The Inauguration of Westward Expansion," News and Observer (Raleigh, N. C.) July 5, 1914.

145 Letter of Major Pleasant Henderson, in The Harbinger (Chapel Hill, N. C), 1834.

146 Cf. "The Beginnings of Westward Expansion," North Carolina Review, September and October, 1910.

147 Draper MSS. 1 CC 2-9, Wisconsin State Historical Society.

148 Jefferson MSS. 5th Series, v. 8. In MSS. Division, Library of Congress.

149 Draper MSS. 1 CC 2-9.

150 Diary of Morgan Brown in Tennessee Historical Magazine.

151 Enclosure 6 in Dunmore to Dartmouth, No. 25, March 14, 1775, Public Record Office, Colonial Office, 5:1353.

152 North Carolina Colonial Records, ix, 1117, 1129-1131.

153 Draper MSS. 4 QQ 1.

154 Virginia Historical Magazine, viii, 355. Cf. also Draper MSS. 2 CC 5.

155 Letters to Washington, MSS. Division, Library of Congress.

156 I am indebted to Miss Lucretia Hart Clay for the privilege of examining the extensive collection of Hart and Benton MSS. in her possession.

157 The voluminous records of the treaty are found in the Jefferson MSS., vol. 5. MSS. Division, Library of Congress.

158 "Narrative of Felix Walker," Original MS. owned by C. L. Walker.

159 Hulbert: Boone's Road.

160 Original of Henderson's Journal is in Draper MSS., 1 CC 21-130 A. D.

161 Hall: Sketches of the West, i, 254-5.

162 This quotation is taken from the original manuscript. The version in De Bow's Review, 1854, is imperfect. For better printed versions of Walker's two accounts, see Memoirs of Felix Walker, New Orleans (1877), and Journal of American History, i, No. 1 (1907).

163 Original journal of William Calk, owned by Mrs. Price Calk.

164 Letters to Washington, MSS. Division, Library of Congress.

165 North Carolina Gazette.

166 Draper MSS., 1 CC 160-194, deposition of Arthur Campbell.

167 Draper MSS., 1 CC 160-194, deposition of Arthur Campbell.

168 Draper Collection, Kentucky MSS., ii. For a contrary view, cf. P. Henry's deposition, Kentucky MSS., i.

169 Published in Virginia Gazette, March 23, 1775. Cf. "Forerunners of the Republic", Neale's Monthly, January-June, 1913.

170 Draper MSS., 4 QQ 17.

171 Letters to George Washington, MSS. Division, Library of Congress.

172 Draper MSS., 1 L 20.

173 Henderson and Luttrell to the Proprietors, July 18, 1775; printed in Louisville News-Letter, May 9, 1840.

174 Nathaniel Henderson to John Williams, October 5, 1775. Copy supplied by heirs of B. J. Lossing.

175 "The Struggle for the Fourteenth American Colony," News and Observer (Raleigh, N. C.), May 19, 1918.

176 In connection with Transylvania, consult G. W. Ranck: Boonesborough: Filson Club Publications, No. 16; F. J. Turner: "State Making in the Revolutionary Era", American Historical Review, i; G. H. Alden: "New Governments West of the Alleghanies before 1780."

177 In a "Proposal for the Sale of its Lands" (Virginia Gazette, Sept. 30, 1775), the Transylvania Company offered to any settlers before June 1, 1776, land, limited in amount, at the rate of fifty shillings sterling per hundred acres, subject to an annual quit-rent of two shillings. Cf. facsimile.

178 Draper MSS., 2 CC 25.

179 These increased rates were voted at a meeting of the Proprietors of Transylvania at Oxford, N. C., September 25, 1775. American Archives, iv.

180 Draper MSS., 47 J 1. This memoir has often been printed.

181 Cf. for example, Mason to Washington, March 9, 1775, in Letters to Washington, MSS. Division, Library of Congress.

182 Letter of date May 19, 1776. Draper MSS., 33 S 292-295.

183 Original in Virginia State Archives.

184 Original in Virginia State Archives. This and the aforementioned petition are printed in the Virginia Historical Magazine, xvi, 157-163. See also J. R. Robertson: Petitions of the Early Inhabitants of Kentucky, Filson Club Publications, No. 27.

185 Cf. "Richard Henderson and the Occupation of Kentucky, 1775," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, December, 1914. Also A. B. Hulbert: Pilots of the Republic.

186 Original in North Carolina State Archives. Printed in Ramsey: Annals of Tennessee (1853), 134-138.

187 Haldimand MSS.

188 Original in Draper MSS. Collections. It has recently been printed in Colonial Men and Times (1915), by Lillie Du P. Van C. Harper.

189 Haywood: Civil and Political History of Tennessee, (1823), Appendix, 500-503.

190 Journal Virginia House of Delegates, Nov. 4-17, 1778.

191 Hening: Statutes at Large, ix, 571. Cf. also Starling: History of Henderson County, Kentucky.

192 Cf. Sioussat: "The Journal of Daniel Smith," Tennessee Historical Magazine, March, 1915.

193 The original journal is in the archives of the Tennessee State Historical Society.

194 N. Hart, Jr., to Wilkins Tannehill, April 27, 1839, in Louisville News-Letter, May 23, 1840.

195 The original document is preserved in the archives of the Tennessee Historical Society. It is printed, with a number of minor inaccuracies, in Putnam: Middle Tennessee, 94-102.

196 Acts of North Carolina, 1783, ch. xxxviii, North Carolina State Records, xxiv, 530-531.

197 For a more extended treatment of the subjects dealt with in the present chapter, see "Richard Henderson, the Authorship of the Cumberland Compact, and the Founding of Nashville," Tennessee Historical Magazine, September, 1916.

198 "Isaac Shelby, Revolutionary Patriot and Border Hero," in North Carolina Booklet, xvi, No. 3, 109-144.

199 While Draper's King's Mountain and its Heroes is most valuable as a source book, it is very faulty in style and arrangement. The account of the battle, in particular, is deficient in perspective; and in general no clear line is drawn between traditionary and authentic testimony.

200 F. B. McDowell: The Battle of King's Mountain (Raleigh, 1907). This account was prepared chiefly from unpublished letters from Isaac Shelby to Franklin Brevard.

201 A Sketch of the Life and Career of Colonel James D. Williams, by Rev. J. D. Bailey (Cowpens, S. C., 1898).

202 A valuable source is the King's Mountain Expedition, by David Vance and Robert Henry, edited by D. L. Schenck (Greensboro, 1891).

203 Cf. Acts of North Carolina, 1784, April Session, Chapters XI and XII.

204 Sioussat: "The North Carolina Cession of 1784 in its Federal Aspects," Mississippi Valley Historical Association Proceedings, ii.

205 Quoted in Alden: "The State of Franklin," American Historical Review, viii.

206 See Charlotte (N. C.) Observer, September 25, 1904. Also consult North Carolina State Records, xxii, 664 ff.

207 State Archives of North Carolina.

208 Pennsylvania Packet, August 9, 1785.

209 State Department MSS., Library of Congress.

210 A single complete draft, in pamphlet form, printed in 1786, is preserved in the archives of the Tennessee Historical Society. Cf. "The Provisional Constitution of Frankland," American Historical Magazine, i.

211 Franklin Papers, vii, folio 1651. MSS. Division, Library of Congress.

212 Franklin Papers, viii, folio 1803. MSS. Division, Library of Congress.

213 For a more extended treatment of matters dealt with in this chapter, compare "The Spanish Conspiracy in Tennessee," Tennessee Historical Magazine, December, 1917.

214 Gardoqui to Floridablanca, April 18, 1788.

215 On April 30th Miró wrote to Valdez, in Spain, informing him of the proposals received through McGillivray and stating that he had returned conciliatory replies but had refrained from committing the Spanish Government until the pleasure of the king should be known.

216 W. W. Henry: Life, Correspondence and Speeches of Patrick Henry, iii, 409, 412-5.

217 Archives of the Indies, Seville, Spain.

218 Ramsey: Annals of Tennessee (1853), 502-3.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

For the entire period (1740-1790) covered by this volume, an exceptionally rich store of materials is to be found in the Colonial Records of North Carolina, 1662-1775 (published 1886-1890), and its continuation, the State Records of North Carolina, 1776-1790 (published 1895-1905), thirty volumes in all, including the four volumes of index. The introductions and supplementary matter in these volumes constitute a survey of the period. Theodore Roosevelt's The Winning of the West (1889-1896; various editions), a vigorous and stirring narrative, over-accentuates the strenuous life, largely underemphasises economic and governmental phases, and is by no means free from error.

For the Scotch-Irish migrations one should read C. A. Hanna, The Scotch-Irish (2 vols., 1902), a large collection of original materials, imperfectly coördinated; and the excellent historical sketch by H. J. Ford, The Scotch-Irish in America (1905). For the German migrations, adequate and readable accounts are A. B. Faust, The German Element in the United States (2 vols., 1909); J. H. Clewell, History of Wachovia in North Carolina (1902); J. W. Wayland, The German Element of the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia (1907); and G. D. Bernheim, History of the German Settlements and of the Lutheran Church in North and South Carolina (1872).

The best original sources for the life of the people in this period are: the State Archives of North Carolina at Raleigh, scientifically ordered and accessible to collectors; the Lyman C. Draper Collection at Madison, Wisconsin; the Reuben T. Durrett Collection at the University of Chicago; the State Archives of South Carolina, especially rich in collections of contemporary newspapers; the collections of the North Carolina Historical Society at Chapel Hill; and the Archives of the Moravian Church, in Pennsylvania and at Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The State Archives of Virginia, an unexplored mine of great riches, are as yet inaccessible, properly speaking, to investigators. The state of Tennessee has not yet made any provision for the conservation of historical materials; but the Tennessee Historical Society has preserved much valuable documentary material.

Books shedding light, from various quarters, upon the life of the people in this period are: W. H. Foote, Sketches of North Carolina, Historical and Biographical (1846; reprinted 1913), dealing almost exclusively with the Presbyterian Church and the Scotch-Irish; J. F. D. Smyth, A Tour in the United States of America (2 vols., 1784), untrustworthy as to historical events and partisan as to politics, but graphic in description of the people and the country; William Bartram, Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida (1791), delightful in its simplicity and genial tone; William Byrd, History of the Dividing Line and other writings (J. S. Bassett's edition, 1901), of sprightly style and instinct with literary charm, pungently satirical, untrustworthy as to North Carolina; Joseph Doddridge, Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars &c. (1824; reprinted 1912), photographic in its realistic delineation of backwoods conditions; J. H. Logan, History of Upper South Carolina (1859); J. Rumple, Rowan County (1881; reprinted 1916); Biographical History of North Carolina (8 volumes printed, 1905-); S. Dunbar, A History of Travel in America(4 vols., 1915), first volume; Travels in the American Colonies, 1690-1783 (Edited by N. D. Mereness, 1916); and O. Taylor, Historic Sullivan (1909).

Many valuable articles, of both local and national interest, are found in the excellent periodical publications: James Sprunt Historical Monographs and Publications (16 vols., 1900-), published by the University of North Carolina; North Carolina Booklet (18 vols., 1901-), published by the N. C. Society, D. A. R.; Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (27 vols., 1893-); American Historical Magazine (8 vols., 1896-1903); Tennessee Historical Magazine (4 vols., 1915-); Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society (17 vols., 1902-); Mississippi Valley Historical Review (6 vols., 1914-). A notable study is F. J. Turner, The Old West (Wisconsin Historical Society Proceedings, 1908).

There is no adequate account in print of the French and Indian War, in the Old Southwest. Useful sources are E. McCrady, South Carolina under the Royal Government, 1719-1776 (1899); S. A. Ashe, History of North Carolina, 1584-1783 (1 vol., 1908); L. P. Summers, History of South-West Virginia, 1746-1786 (1903); J. P. Hale, Trans-Alleghany Pioneers (1886); J. A. Waddell, Annals of Augusta County, Virginia (1886); S. Kercheval, A History of the Valley of Virginia (third edition, 1902); A. S. Withers, Chronicles of Border Warfare (R. G. Thwaites' edition, 1908); B. R. Carroll, Historical Collections of South Carolina (2 vols., 1886); E. M. Avery, History of the United States (7 vols., 1908), fourth volume; J. G. M. Ramsey, Annals of Tennessee (1853); Calendar Virginia State Papers (11 vols., 1875-1893). An interesting biography is A. M. Waddell, A Colonial Officer and his Times (1890).

The early explorations of the West, and the career of Boone, are treated with reasonable fullness in the admirable publications of the Filson Club of Kentucky (27 vols., 1884-); C. A. Hanna, The Wilderness Trail (2 vols., 1911); John Haywood, Civil and Political History of Tennessee (1823; reprinted 1891), written in delightfully quaint style; L. and R. H. Collins, History of Kentucky (2 vols., 1882), a mine of conglomerate material; N. M. Woods, The Woods-McAfee Memorial (1905); A. B. Hulbert, Pilots of the Republic (1905) and Boone's Wilderness Road (1903), attractively written; R. G. Thwaites, Daniel Boone (1911), a lifeless condensation of Draper's sprawling projected (MS.) biography; and John Filson, Kentucke (1784).

Of the voluminous mass of literature dealing with the Regulation in North Carolina, one should read: J. S. Bassett, The Regulators of North Carolina, 1765-1771 (American Historical Association Report, 1894); M. DeL. Haywood, Governor Tryon of North Carolina (1903); H. Husband, An Impartial Relation of the First Rise and Cause of the Present Differences in Publick Affairs, in the Province of North Carolina (1770); and Archibald Henderson, The Origin of the Regulation in North Carolina (American Historical Review, 1916).

In addition to titles already mentioned, the following books and monographs give the best accounts of the Watauga and Cumberland settlements and of the State of Franklin: A. W. Putnam, History of Middle Tennessee (1859), a remarkably interesting book by a real "character"; J. W. Caldwell, Constitutional History of Tennessee (second edition, 1907); F. M. Turner, Life of General John Sevier (1910), in pedestrian style, reasonably accurate for the romantic period only; G. H. Alden, The State of Franklin (American Historical Review, 1903); S. B. Weeks, Joseph Martin (American Historical Association Report, 1894); Archibald Henderson, Isaac Shelby (North Carolina Booklet, 1917-1918). The source book for the Indian war of 1774 is Documentary History of Dunmore's War (Edited by R. G. Thwaites and L. P. Kellogg, 1905). For exhaustive data concerning the King's Mountain campaign and its preliminaries, read L. C. Draper, King's Mountain and its Heroes (1881), though the book is lacking in discrimination and deficient in perspective. For a briefer treatment, read D. L. Schenck, North Carolina, 1780-1781 (1889).

Other books and monographs dealing with the period, the westward movement, the settlement of the trans-Alleghany, and the little governments, to be consulted are: James Hall, Sketches of the West (2 vols., 1835) and The Romance of Western History (1857); Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia for 1766-1769 and 1770-1772 (published 1906); G. H. Alden, New Governments West of the Alleghanies before 1780 (published 1897); C. W. Alvord, The Mississippi Valley in British Politics (2 vols., 1917), a notable work, ably written and embodying an immense amount of information; J. T. Morehead, Address at Boonesborough, May 25, 1840 (published 1840); F. J. Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American History (Wisconsin Historical Society Proceedings, 1894) and Western State-Making in the Revolutionary Era (American Historical Review, 1895-1896), papers characterised by both brilliance and depth; and Archibald Henderson, The Creative Forces in Westward Expansion (American Historical Review, 1914), The Occupation of Kentucky in 1775 (Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 1914), The Founding of Nashville (Tennessee Historical Magazine, 1916), and The Spanish Conspiracy in Tennessee (Tennessee Historical Magazine, 1917).

On the subject of Indian tribes and Indian treaties, the Annual Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology, in especial numbers 5, 18, and 19, although compiled from secondary historical sources and occasionally erroneous in important matters, are useful--as is also Bulletin 22: J. Mooney, Siouan Tribes of the East (1895). Rare and interesting works dealing with the Eastern Indian tribes are H. Timberlake, Memoirs (1765); J. Haywood, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee (1823); and J. Adair, American Indians (1775).

For both wider and more intensive reading in the history of this period, consult: F. J. Turner, List of References on the History of the West (Edition of 1915); A Critical Bibliography of Kentucky History, in R. M. McElroy, Kentucky in the Nation's History (1909); S. B. Weeks, A Bibliography of the Historical Literature of North Carolina (1895); E. G. Swem, A Bibliography of Virginia (Part I, 1916); and the bibliographies in J. Phelan, History of Tennessee (1888); E. McCrady, South Carolina under the Royal Government, 1719-1776 (published 1899) and South Carolina in the Revolution, 1775-1780 (published 1901); and E. M. Avery, A History of the United States (1908), volumes 4, 5, and 6.

Note. For the use of a complete set of transcripts of the Richard Henderson Papers in the Draper Collection, I am indebted to the North Carolina Historical Commission through the courtesy of the Secretary, Mr. R. D. W. Connor.

INDEX A Abingdon: 134, 191. Adams, John: 250. Adams, Samuel: 241, 250. Ahualco: 144. Alamance: see Battles. Alexander, Abraham: 172. Alexander, James: 27. Alexander, Moses: 27. Alexander, Capt. Nathaniel: 62. Alexander, William: 27. Alibamu Fort: 65. Alleghany Mountains: 100, 142, 155, 246, 259, 311. Alleman's Ford: 36. Alrichs, Herman: describes ambuscade of Braddock's army, 54. Amazons: 267. America: 111, 134, 159, 234, 248, 329; continent of, 198; history of, 286; emigration to, 7; people of, 173, 186, 198, 199; democracy in, ch. XIV-ch. XV, 174; colonies of, necessity for union, 65-66. American: cause, 185; congress, 329, 341; confederation, 215, 259, 291; republic, 329. American Revolution: 12, 123, 239, 259, 267, 270, 277, 305. American Union: 319, 335, 336, 342, 348, 349; see Union. Americans: 190, 300, 329, 339, 340; pioneers, 283; civilization of, ch. X, 199; character of, ch. X, 30-31, 195. Amherst, Gen. Jeffrey: 93. Anderson, Colonel: 308. Anshers, James: 52. Appalachian Mountains: 4, 5, 42, 107, 137, 139, 334, 343. Arkansas: 122. Atlantic Ocean: 4. Atta-kulla-kulla, Cherokee chief: 66, 74, 76, 217, 242, 262. Augusta: 79.

B Bacon, Francis: 172. Bailey, Capt. Andrew: leads sortie from Fort Dobbs, 80-82. Baily, Francis: on frontiersmen, ch. XIV. Baker, John: 139. Baker, William: 121. Bainton, Epaphroditus: 130. Balboa: 155. Baptists: 175, 185, 190. Barbour, explorer: 122. Battles: Alamance, 168, 175, 182-183, 186, 189, 219; Great Kanawha, of the, 203-204, 209, 305; King's Mountain, at, ch. XVIII, 289, 327; Lexington, 244, 277; Long Island Flats, of, 262-263; Musgrove's Mill, at, 291. Beaujeu, Captain: 53. Been, John: 196. Been, Mrs. William: 264. "Belle Riviere": 156; see Ohio River. Bentham, Jeremy: 246. Benton, Jesse: 222. Benton, Samuel: 170. Benton, Thomas Hart: 170. Bethabara: 38, 56, 75, 85, 161, 162, 166; invested by Indians, 88. Bethania: 87. Bienville (Blainville) Céloron de: 46-47, 98, 116. Bienville, Jean Baptiste le Moyne, Sieur de: 42. Big Bone Lick: 116, 156; see Great Bone Lick. Big Lick: 33. Big Salt Lick: 284; see French Lick, French Salt Springs, Great French Lick, Great Salt Springs. Black Fish, Shawanoe chief: adopts Daniel Boone, 274. Bledsoe, Anthony: 194, 327, 332, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344. Bledsoe family: 123. Bledsoe, Isaac: 126; discovers lick, 124. Bledsoe's Lick: discovery of, described, 124-125. Blevens: hunters named, 109. Blevens, William: 119. Blount, William: 348. Blowing Rock: 134. Blue Licks: 156. Blue Ridge: 3, 5, 97, 142. Board of Trade: Johnston to, 3; Glen to, 51; draft royal proclamation, 106. Boiling Spring: 243, 253. Bonn, Dr. Jacob: 85. Boone, Anne: 23. Boone, Daniel: 16, 20, 22, 29, 38, 41, 101, 108, 110, 115, 119, 129, 130, ch. IX, 131, 132, 133, 134, 142, 144, 148, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 164, 165, 166, 185, 190, 200, 212, 221, 225, 226, 227, 231, 232, 235, 236, 280, 282; personal appearance, 37; at Braddock's Defeat, 54-55; meets Richard Henderson, 105; explores Tennessee for Henderson & Company, 109; serves under Waddell, 133; explores Kentucky for Richard Henderson, ch. X; clears Transylvania Trail, 226; asks aid of Judge Henderson, 227-228; returns to Boonesborough, 253; rescues daughter, 271; rescued by Kenton, 272; captured, 272; adopted by Black Fish, 274; deceived by Indians, 274. Boone family: settles in North Carolina, 34, 36, 117. Boone, George: 21, 165. Boone, James: 137. Boone, Jemima: captured by Indians, 271. Boone, Jesse: 137. Boone, Squire: 21, 34, 35, 36, 37, 105. Boone, Squire, Jr.: 29, 142, 156-157; sent by Transylvania Company to aid Daniel Boone, 153. Boone, William: 23. Boonesborough: 199, 215, 254, 277; Henderson arrives at, 235; Transylvania convention at, 244-248; Boone returns to, 253; capture of girls at, 270-271; besieged by Indians, 272, 273, 274-276; Henderson returns to, 282; corn sent to, from French Lick, 284, 285. Boone's Caves: 157. Boone's Ford: 36. Boston: 8, 180. Botetourt; Governor, of Virginia: 192. Boyd's Creek: 307. Braddock, Gen. Edward: 53, 58, 135, 295; defeat of, described, 53-55. Brandmüller, John: pilgrimage of, 14-15. British: 49, 102, 189, 261, 270, 276, 289, 290, 292, 294, 296, 299, 302, 342; Crown, 191, 200. Brobdignags: 154. Brown, Francis: 57. Brown, Jacob: 194, 224. Brown, the widow: 337. Bryan family: 203. Bryan, James: 22. Bryan, Joseph: 22. Bryan, Martha: 33. Bryan, Morgan: 22, settled in Pennsylvania, 22; in Virginia, 23; in North Carolina, 16, 34; leads frontier rangers, 75-76, 83; in Rowan, 35. Bryan, Morgan, Jr.: 22. Bryan, Rebeckah: 132, 160. Bryan, William: 22, 33. Bryan's Station: 22. "Buffalo Bill" (W. F. Cody): ch. XV. Bull, Lieut. Gov. William: 88. Bullitt, Capt. Thomas: 204. Bullock, Leonard Henley: Member Transylvania Company, 218. Bunker's Hill: battle of, 277. Burke, Edmund: on charters, ch. XI. Burnaby, Andrew: describes life in backwoods, 32. Byrd, Col. William, 3rd.: 59, 91, 92, 94, 133, 187, 208, 210, 249. Byrd, William: 36, 45, 98, 130; describes Yadkin region, 35.

C Calhoun, Patrick: family attacked, 79; commands Provincial Rangers, 89; relatives of, 168. Calk, William: 235; with exploring party from Virginia, 226. Callaway, Elizabeth: captured by Indians, 271; rescued, 271. Callaway, Flanders: 271. Callaway, Frances: capture by Indians, 271; rescued, 271. Callaway, Col. Richard: 253; commands in defence of Transylvania Fort, 275-276. Callaway, Samuel: 110. Camden: 292. Camden, Lord Chancellor: 201. Camden-Yorke opinion: 207, 239, 240, 241. Cameron, Alexander: 194, 261. Camp Charlotte: 212. Campbell, Col. Arthur: interested in Kentucky lands, 208; seeks partnership in Transylvania Company for Patrick Henry, 240; leads force against Cherokees, 307; plans Greater Franklin, 323. Campbell, Colonel William: leads Virginians, 293; elected commander King's Mountain expedition, 294; at King's Mountain, 296, 299, 300. Campbell, David: 314, 321. Campbell, John: 263. Campbell, Robert: scalped, 82. Cape Fear: 53, 75. Captain Will: 151. Carlisle: 144. Carolina: 116, 118. Carolinas, the two: 75, 139, 201. Carter, John: 224. Carter's Valley: 195, 224. Carteret, Lord: lands of, 9. Caswell, Gov. Richard: 57, 318, 322, 340. Catawba Town: 59. Catawba Valley: 10, 13. Catawbas: 35, 45, 59-62, 64, 65, 70, 71, 72, 96, 118, 146; towns of, 96; country, 131. Cession Act: 310-311, 326. Charles the Second: 42. Charleston: 32, 33, 38, 66, 68, 88, 94, 161, 167, 289. Charleville, Charles: at French Lick, 44. Charlotte: 289, 294. Cherokees: 15, 28, 49, 59-60, 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 77, 78, 86, 88, 89, 91, 96, 111, 112, 114, 116, 123, 127, 133, 140, 141, 159, 187, 192, 193, 202, 206, 216, 221, 222, 225, 239, 242, 249, 252, 265, 266, 270, 290, 307, 310, 316, 331, 346; fort promised to, by South Carolina, 58; treaty with, 59; hunters, 74; attack on Long Cane settlement, 79; warriors, 76; defeated, 83, 265; boundary line, 191; chiefs, 217, 242, 316; country of, 64. Chickamaugas: 308; town of, 283; bloody forage of, 289-290; quelled, 290. Chickasaws: 125, 310, 340. Chilhowee: 307. Chillicothe: 204. Chiswell's Mine: 112, 191. Choctaws: 45. Christian, Col. William: member of company to purchase Cherokee lands, 239; leads Virginia forces against Cherokees, 266. Chronicle, Major William: killed at King's Mountain, 301. Clark, George Rogers: 255, 259, 277; prospecting in Kentucky, 205; opinion of Transylvania title, 248; Memoir of, cited as to Henderson Claim, 255-256; threatens Virginia with revolt in Kentucky, 257; visited by James Robertson, 281. Clark, Jonathan: 248. Cleveland, Col. Benjamin: 296; explores West, 123; leads pioneers against Indians, 267; leads Wilkes volunteers at King's Mountain, 293; addresses troops at King's Mountain, 297, 301. "Cleveland's Bulldogs": 293, 301. Clinch Valley: 203. Cocke, William: 231, 263, 321; delegate from Franklin to Continental Congress, 318; appeals to Benjamin Franklin, 324. Coldwater Expedition: 340. Columbus, Christopher: 144, 234. Committee of Safety: 259. Concord: 236. Coghnawagas: 118. Connolly, Dr. John: 205, 208, 209, 210, 239. Constitution: rejected by North Carolina, 335, 336. Continent, European: 4. Continental Congress: 249, 250, 257, 261, 276, 318, 319, 324, 329. Cooley, William: explores Kentucky, 149, 153. Cooper, James Fenimore: 85, 271. Corbin, Francis: 169. Cornstalk, Shawanoe chief: 204; leads Indians at the Great Kanawha, 213-214. Corn Tassel, Indian Chief: 337. Cornwallis, Lord Charles: 289, 291, 292, 294, 295, 304. Cortez, Hernando: 144. Counties: Albemarle, 99; Anson, 16, 19, 32, 162, 167, 185; Armagh, 22; Augusta, 55, 198; Berks, 34; Botetourt, 204; Brunswick, 188; Bucks, 8, 22, 34; Burke, 293; Chester, 22-23; Culpeper, 138; Davidson, 343; Fincastle, 220; Floyd, 142; Frederick, 55; Granville, 160, 169, 170, 179, 181, 218, 291; Greene, 312, 326; Guilford, 203; Hampshire, 55; Hanover, 108; Jessamine, 157; Kentucky, 258; Lincoln, 126, 234, 298; Mecklenburg, 27, 30, 171, 200, 245; Miller, 205; Orange, North Carolina, 19, 25-30, 169, 177, 189; Orange, Virginia, 113, 122; Philadelphia, 34; Prince William, 226; Roanoke, 33; Rowan, 19, 34, 56, 147, 177, 232, 294, 298; Rutherford, 293; Shenandoah, 198; Sullivan, 291, 308, 312, 328; Sumner, 124, 343; Surry, 40, 166, 293, 298, 303; Tennessee, 343; Washington, 132, 277, 293, 312, 319, 336, 337; Wayne, 124; Wilkes, 293; York, Pennsylvania, 52, 59; York, South Carolina, 295. Couture, Jean: 44. Cowpens: 294. Cox, Charles: 119. Coytomore, Lieut.: murdered by Indians, 80. Craighead, Rev. Alexander: 30. Crawford, William: Washington to, on Western lands, 106, 108. Creeks: 308, 310, 339, 340, 341, 342, 346. Creeks: Bean Island, 85; Bear, 131; Beaver, 194; Bledsoe's, 128; Crooked, 213; Cross, 218; Dutchman's, 132; Elk, 137; Fish, 205; Fourth, 57, 58; Line, 71; Linville, 34; Lulbegrud, 119, 154; Otter, 228, 229, 236; Sinking, 328, 336; Sugar Tree, 132; Sugaw, 59; Swearing, 135; Station Camp, 124, 150; Third, 57; Walden's, 120. Cresap, Col. Thomas: 101. Crockett, Robert: 125. Croghan, George: 46, 120. Cross Creek (Fayetteville): 218. Crozat, Antoine: 43, 44. Culloden: 100. Cumberland: Colony, 200, 341, 342, 343; leaders, 341; desire alliance with Spain, 343, 345; traders, 330, settlements, 283, 288, 309, 310, 330, 340, 345, 346; settlers, 328, 342; desire separation from North Carolina, 343; valley, 280; region, ch. XVII, 280, 345, 347. Cumberland: outlaw, 165. "Cumberland Compact": drafted by Richard Henderson, 285-286. Cumberland District: 331, 339, 341. Cumberland, Duke of: 100. Cumberland Gap: names, 100, 115; traversed by traders, 118, 119, 121, 123, 124, 126, 145, 158, 229; see Ouasioto Gap. Cumberland Mountains: 100, 113, 138, 233. Cutbird, Benjamin: 139.

D Darien: 144. Dark and Bloody Ground: 126; origin of name, 223-224. Dartmouth, Earl of: 208, 209, 238. Dean Swift: 154. Declaration of Independence: 258; read at Boonesborough, 272. Delaware: 8; valley, 8. Demere, Capt. Raymond: 76; takes command of Virginia Fort, 66; surrenders Fort Loudon, 90-91. De Peyster: 298, 299, 301. De Soto, Fernando: ch. XII. Detroit: 273. Devonshire, East: 21. Dick, Captain: Cherokee hunter, 126. Dinwiddie, Gov. Robert: 50, 53, 55, 58, 65; 67, 70, 72. Dividing Line: running of the North Carolina-Virginia, 269; William Byrd's History of the, 35. Doak, Rev. Samuel: 293. Dobbs, Gov. Arthur: 55, 73, 77, 92, 93, 169; sends commissioner to treat with Indians, 59; begins erection of Catawba Fort, 62, 70; orders building discontinued, 71. Dobbs, Edwards Brice: 54. Doddridge, Joseph: on conditions of pioneer life, 125. Donelson, Col, John: 194, 206, 222, 288; runs boundary line, 193; meets Richard Henderson, 269; leads party by water route to French Lick, 282; diary of, quoted, 269, 283-284. Donelson's line: 194, 224, 239, 242. Dragging Canoe, the Cherokee chief: 223, 290; leads Indians in battle, 262-263. Drake, Enoch: 235. Drake, Joseph: 125. Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of: 196, 198, 199, 200, 204, 206, 210, 211, 220, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 248, 249, 254. Dunmore's War: ch. XIII, 196, 214. Dugger, Julius Cæsar: Tennessee pioneer, 137, 187. Dutch, Pennsylvania: 12, 302. Dutchman's Creek Church: 185.

E East India Company: 201. Eaton's Station: defence of, 262. Echota: 64, 66, 307. Edwards, Rev. Morgan: on exodus of Regulators for North Carolina, 175. Emery, Will: 127. England: land-mad, ch. XI, 4, 21, 43, 201, 247. English: 67, 120, 274; settlers, 5, 96; Revolution, 6; parliament, 7; colonies, 13; troops, 66; settlements, 46. Es-kip-pa-ki-thi-ki: 117, 150. Et-chow-ee: 89.

F Fagot: 343. Falls of the Ohio River (Louisville): 255, 284. Fanning, Col. Edmund: 22, 172, 173, 176, 177, 180, 182. Fauquier, Gov, Francis: 94. Fayetteville: 218. Ferguson, Col. Patrick: 291, 292, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300; conduct at King's Mountain, 302; killed, 303. Few, William: describes life in backwoods, 25. Fields, Jeremiah: 180, 181. Filson, John: 117, 147. Fincastle, Committee of West: drafts protest against Transylvania Company, 257, 258. Findlay, Findley, Finley: Archibald, 22; Michael, 22. Findlay, John: visits Kentucky, 117-118; meets Boone, 144; visits Boone on the Yadkin, 22, 101, 138, 148, 149, 150, 153. Fish, William: murdered by Indians, 84. Fleming, Col. William: 208. Florida: 138; East, 122, 138; West, 122. Floyd, John: 212, 243, 254; appointed Surveyor General of Transylvania, 255. Fontaine, John: journal of, 97. Fontainebleau: 212. Forbes, Gen. John: 73, 74, 133. Forks of Ohio River: 47. Forts: Bethabara, at, 75; Boone's, 236, 270; chain of, 83; Carolina, 75, 84-85; Catawba, 62, 70, 71; Cumberland, 53; Dobbs, 55, 57-58, 75, 80-82, 84, 87; Duquesne, 47, 72-73, 74; Dutch, 57, 83, 86;--at mouth of Line Creek, 71; Loudoun, 68, 76, 88-90; McDowell's, 265, 270; Necessity, 48; Ninety-Six, 89; Patrick Henry, 269, 282-283; Pitt, 121, 209; Prince George, 51-52, 79-80, 91, 93, 94; Robinson, 94; Stalnaker's, 83, 94; Stanwix, treaty of, 111, 112, 191, 207;--on Tellico River, 68; Transylvania, 215, 243, 244, 245, 253, 270, 272, 274, 276, 282; Vaux's, 56, 69; Virginia, 64, 67, 68, 69; Watauga, 263. Fowey: 254. France: 43, 78, 96, 99. Frankland: 318, 331, 339; origin of name, 314, 321. Franklin: 89. Franklin, Benjamin: 8, 107, 184, 185; new state named for, 314, 324; to Cocke, 324; to Sevier, 324-325. Franklin, State of: 200, ch. XIX, 315, 317, 318, 323, 325, 326, 328, 339, 334, 335, 336, 317, 338, 344, 347, 348;--leaders of, 326, 330; --legislature of, 312, 313-314, 316, 318;--Greater, 323; origin of name, 314, 324. Freeland's Station: 309. French: 45, 47, 48, 49, 65, 66, 70, 97, 116, 274; coureurs de bois, 44; Huguenot, 198; voyageurs, 123, 128;--Canadian, 274; immigration of, 5; settlers, 28; traders, 44; explorations, 46. French Lick: 281; treaty of peace at, 269, See French Salt Springs, Great French Lick, Great Salt Springs. French and Indian War: 52, 102, 144, 145. Frohock, John: 172, 177. Frohock, Thomas: 172, 177. Frontier: ch. VII.

G Galaspy, William: 234. Galissonière, Roland Michel Barrin, Marquis de la: 47. Gammern: storekeeper on Yadkin, 161. Gardoqui, Diego de: 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 338, 339. Gee, Joshua: 98. George I: 97. George III: 93, 214. Georgia: 116, 122, 265, 268, 291, 313;--Assembly of, 344; tours into, 14. German: pioneers, 11-18, 28;--Palatinate, 11; immigration, 5, 11-12, 19. Gilbert Town: 292. Gillespie, Robert: slain from ambush by Indians, 87. Gist, Christopher: 46, 108, 114, 116, 117, 137, 146; makes exploration for Ohio Company, 101-102. Gist, Nathaniel: 134, 137. Glen, Governor James: 58-59, 65; describes South Carolina's condition, 50-51; promises Cherokees a fort, 51; concludes treaty at Saluda, 51. Glumdelick: 154. Gnadenhütten: 56. Gordon, Capt. Harry: 120. Grandfather Mountain: 135. Grant, Col. James: 138; leads expedition against Indians, 93. Granville, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, Lord: 15; lands of, 9-10, 34, 171. Great Bone Licks: 120. Great Britain: 48, 247. Great French Lick: 280; See Great Salt Springs, French Lick, French Salt Springs. Great Grant: 224. Greathouse, Daniel: 211. Great Meadows: 48, 53. Great Mogul: 201. Great Tellico: 65. Great Trading Path: 35, 45, 96, 131. Great Treaty: 249. Great Salt Springs, 44, 269, See French Lick, French Salt Springs, Great French Lick. Great Warrior's Path: 118, 119. Green: 62. Greeneville: 319. Greer, Andrew: 187. Grube, Rev. Bernhard Adam: heads settlers into North Carolina, 16. Gulf of Mexico: 43, 44, 341. "Gulliver's Travels": 154. Gutry, John: 52.

H Hackett: 341. Hall, Gen. William: 116, 128. Hall, Rev. James: 267. Hambright, Lt. Col. Frederick: at King's Mountain, 296, 302. Hamilton, Gov. Henry: 273, 274, 276. Hampton, Anthony: leads Rowan rangers, 83. Hampton, Col. Andrew: leads Rutherford riflemen, 293. Hampton, Gen. Wade: 83. Hancock, John: 241. Hanks: family, 23, 34;--Abraham, 23, 235. Hard Labor: treaty at, 112, 114. Harman, outlaw: 165. Harris, Col.: 75. Harris: Elizabeth, 144; John, 145. Harris's Ferry: 145. Harrisburg: 145. Harrison, Richard: 255. Harrod, James: 121, 205, 212, 243, 244, 253. Harrodsburg: 253; election held at, 257. Harrodsburg Remonstrance: 255. Hart: David, 187, 218;--Nathaniel, 108, 187, 217, 218, 222, 227, 284; --Thomas, 108, 187, 218, 222. Hartman, George: 38. Hawkins, Benjamin: 268. Hayes: 347. Haywood, John: 314. Hempinstall, Abraham: 122. Henderson, Kentucky: 279. Henderson, Col. Samuel: chosen special envoy to Franklin, 315-316; negotiates with John Sevier, 316-318. Henderson, Nathaniel: 222, 233, 255. Henderson, Richard: born in Virginia, 104; removes to North Carolina, 104; acquainted with Boones, 105; promotes Western exploration, 110; in law suits involving Boone, 147; promotes Western exploration under Boone's leadership, 148-149; sends supplies to Boone, 153; court broken up by Regulators, 179-181; burned out by Regulators, 182; secures from English authorities sanction for purchase of Indian lands, 201-202; reorganizes Richard Henderson & Co. into Louisa Company, 217; visits Otari towns, 217-218; organizes Transylvania Company, 218-219; negotiates Great Treaty with Cherokees, 221-225; despatches Boone to clean Transylvania Trail, 225-226; receives urgent appeal from Boone, 227-229; hastens to Boone's rescue, 229-232; reaches Fort Boone, 236; draws up plan of government for Transylvania, 243-244; addresses Legislature of Transylvania, 237, 245; elected delegate from Transylvania to Continental Congress, 249; prepares plan of government for Powell's Valley settlement, 252; attends Virginia Convention, 256-257; purchases corn for Cumberland settlement, 269; runs North Carolina-Virginia dividing line, 269, 282; presents memorial on Transylvania purchase, 278; plans colonization of Cumberland region, 279-280; despatches Robertson on prospecting tour, 280-281; sends corn to French Lick, 284-285; organizes government on Cumberland, 285; author of "Cumberland Compact," 286-287; introduces recall of judges, 286-287; founder of Nashville, personal appearance, 221-222; diary of, quoted, 227, 229; mentioned, 158, 159, 183, 187, 190, 200, 203, 215, ch. XIV passim, 216, 220, 234, 235, 238, 240, 241, 242, 246, 247, 248, 253, 258, 272, 282, 315. Henderson, Richard & Company: organized, 107; despatch Boone on Western exploration, 109, 160, 216-217; granted 200,000 acres by Virginia; see Land Companies. Henderson, Samuel: 104. Henderson & Company; 109; see Richard Henderson & Company. Henley, Chief Justice Peter: 60. Henry, Patrick: 209, 211, 249, 293, 329; pronounces Camden-Yorke decision valid, 210; endeavors to purchase lands from Cherokees, 239-240; desires to become partner in Transylvania Company, 240; considers Transylvania title good, 256; confiscates Transylvania, 258; correspondence of, with Joseph Martin, 344-345. Hewatt, Rev. Alexander: 78. Heydt, Jost: settles in Virginia, 12. Heygler, King, Catawba chief: petitions for fort, 60; prevents completion of fort, 71; see Oroloswa. Hiawassee: 307. Hicks, Harry: heroic defence of home against Indian attack, 85-86. High Shoals: 29. Highlanders: 90. Hill, William: 138, 142, 143. Hillsborough: 26, 103, 179, 188, 217, 218, 219. Hillsborough, Earl of: 96. Hingham: 22. Hogg, James: 251; partner in Transylvania Company, 218; appointed delegate from Transylvania to Continental Congress, 250. Holder, John: rescues sweetheart, 271. Holden, Joseph: 149, 153. Hollows, the: 166. Holston: region, 99, 126; settlement, 281;--settlers, 262; valley of, 134, 187, 191-192, 306. Honeycut: 189. Hooper, William: 180, 182. Hopewell: 310. Horton, Joshua: 121. Houston, Rev. Samuel: 321, 323; drafts constitution for Frankland, 319; features of constitution drafted by, 321-322. Howard, Cornelius: 165, 166. Howell, Rednap: poet-laureate of the Regulation, 173, 179. Hubbardt, Col. James: 316. Hudson Valley: 4. Hunter, James: 179. Hunter's Trail: 150. Husband, Herman: author of "Impartial Relation," 177, 178, 197; leader in insurrection at Hillsborough, 179; in correspondence with Benjamin Franklin, 184.

I Iberville, Le Moyne d': 42, 43. Illinois Company: see Land Companies. Illinois country: 120, 128, 281. "Impartial Relation": 177, 197. Indian: agent, 281;--Allies, 72; chiefs, 211, 217, 274, 337; --depredations, 56, 163, 308, 340;--expeditions, 313; governments, 201; Grant, 202; hostages, 80;--lands, 161, 308;--outbreak, 74, 262; --princes, 201;--territories, 200;--towns, 76, 89, 93, 117, 290, 307, 308;--trade, 44-46, 145;--traders, 144, 145, 217, 225;--trails, 119, 139;--tribes, 45, 201, 261;--war, 325;--warfare, 133, 295-296, 297; --affairs, superintendent of, 111. Indians: 44, 46, 49, 57, 58-63, 68, 69, 74, 75, 85, 86, 87, 88, 112, 119, 122, 125, 127, 140, 151, 152, 156, 162, 196, 197, 200, 204, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 214, 215, 217, 218, 221, 222, 223, 227, 228, 229, 240, 242, 249, 252, 253, 261, 262, 263, 265, 267, 268, 270, 273, 275, 276, 283, 288, 290, 297, 306, 307, 308, 311, 332, 339, 340, 345; --Northern, 49, 111, 141, 191;--Southern, 35, 191, 261. Indiana: 123. Ingles: John, 69;--Mrs. Mary, 69;--William, 69;--Mrs. William, 69. Innes, Col. James: 53. Ireland, 7, 22, 33; character of inhabitants of North of, 6-7. Irish: immigration of, 5;--Pennsylvania, 33; settlers, 28. Iroquois: 117.

J Jack, Col. Samuel: 265. Jackson, Andrew: 282. Jacobite uprising: 7. Jamestown: 6. Jay, John: 329-330. Jefferson, Thomas: desires to join Transylvania Company, 240; favors free government back of Virginia, 250-251; attitude of, toward Transylvania claim, 256. Jenkins, Leoline: on character of Scotch-Irish, 6. Johnson, Sir William: 112. Johnston, Gov. Gabriel: on immigration into North Carolina, 3. Johnston, Gov. Samuel: 332, 336, 338, 339; to Robertson and Bledsoe, 327. Johnston, William: 217. Jones, John Gabriel: 257. Jones, Robert (Robin): 169; characterization of Scotch-Irish by, 24-25. Jonesborough: 292, 312, 313, 316, 337. Joseph, Miller: describes conditions of North Carolina backwoods, 36, 38. Judge's Friend, Cherokee chief: 242.

K Kenedy, William: agent for Virginia gentlemen to purchase Cherokee lands, 240. Kenton, Simon: rescues Daniel Boone, 272. Kentucky (Cantucky, Cantuckey, Cantuckie, Cantuck): ch. XV, 22, 100, 101, 102, 107, 111, 112, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 129, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 153, 155, 156, 191, 196, 200, 203, 204, 205, 221, 223, 224, 227, 229, 231, 233, 234, 235, 256, 259, 269, 270, 273, 276, 277, 279, 315, 327, 335, 341, 342, 348, 349; origin of name, 117;--road, 332. Keowee: 51;--valley of, 89. King's Mountain: 295, 303. King's Mountain campaign: 306, 348. Kipling, Rudyard: 137. Kirk: 337. Kirtleys, the: pioneers, 113. Knob Lick: 126.

L Lacey, Col. William: 293, 296. Land: policy of selling large tracts of, 113. Land Companies: Illinois, 207-208, 239; Louisa, 217, 218; Loyal, 47, 99-100, 113; Ohio, 47; organized, 100; sends out exploring expedition, 101-102; Richard Henderson & Company, organized, 107; Transylvania Company, 114, 218; Wabash (Ouabache), 209, 238-239. Land of Cockayne: 44. La Salle, Robert Cavelier de: 42. Laurel Mountain: 119. "Leatherstocking Tales": 85, 271. Leestown: 248. Lewes: 8. Lenoir (Le Noir), Gen. William: describes costume of pioneer women, 40-41; marches against Indians; at King's Mountain, 301-302. Léry, Chaussegros de: 116. Lewis, Major Andrew: 66-67, 81, 191, 208; erects Virginia Fort, 64-65; leads Sandy River expedition, 70; commands at Battle of Great Kanawha, 212, 214-215. Lexington: 236. Lincoln: family, 34;--Abraham, 23, 34, 235; John, 34;--Mordecai, 22-23, 34; Samuel, 22;--Sarah, 23. Lindsay, Isaac, 121. Linville: John, 140, 142; Capt. William, 137, 140, 142. Linville Falls: 136, 141. Lochaber: 192, 193. Locke, John: "Fundamental Constitutions" of, 203. Loesch, Brother: 75. Logan, Cayuga Mingo chief: 211. Logan, Col. Benjamin: 234, 277. Logan, James: on character of squatters, 8-9. London: 202. Loudoun, Lord: 68. Long Cane Settlement: 79. Long Hunters: ch. XII, ch. VIII, 126, 128, 129, 157, 158, 204. Long Island of Holston River: 94, 194, 195, 226, 266, 278, 308. Long, John: slain by Indians, 87. Long Knives: 213. Longueuil, Charles de Moyne, Baron de: 116. Lorbrulgrud: 154. Louis Quatorze: 43. Louisa Company: see Land Companies. Louisiana: 292, 331. Love, Col.: 266. Lower Blue Licks: 101. Lower Salt Spring: 273. Lower Shawnee Town: 101. Lowry, James: 118. Loyal Company: see Land Companies. Loyalists: 190, 261, 291, 298, 299. Lucas, Robert: 224. Luhny, Robert, mill of, on James River, 16. Lulbegrud: 154. Luttrell, Col. John: 227; joins Transylvania Company, 217. Lyttelton, Gov. William Henry: 65-66, 71, 77, 78, 88.

M Madison, Thomas: 263. Madrid: 341, 342. Mansfield, Low: 201. Mansker, Gasper, pioneer: 123, 282; discovers lick, 124; encounters Boone, 157-158. Mansker's Lick: 110, 124. Margry, Pierre: 43. Martin, Gov. Alexander: 182, 312, 315, 316, 322; attorney for Daniel Boone, 148; appoints Samuel Henderson ambassador to Franklin, 315; issues manifesto against State of Franklin, 306, 318; Sevier to, on Franklin, 317-318; academy named for, 318. Martin, Col Joseph: 150, 227, 262, 290, 306, 307, 313, 322, 325; settles in Powell's Valley, 113; driven out, 114; appointed agent for Transylvania Company, 202; Richard Henderson to, 252-253; letter of, to Governor Randolph, 326; exonerated of treason by North Carolina Assembly, 344; acts as spy on Spaniards, 344-345. Martin, Gov. Josiah: 103, 200; issues proclamation against Transylvania Company, 238. Martin's Station: 226, 229; founded, 220-221; Henderson draws up plan of government for, 252; brave defence of, against Indians, 253. Maryland: 5, 14, 24, 101, 114; price of lands in, 9. Mason, George: opposed to Transylvania claim, 256. Maxwell, Col. George: 328, 332. McAden, Rev. Hugh: diary of, 27-28, 49, 69. McAfees: 243; exploring party, 204; return home, 235;--James, 235; --Robert, 235; Robert, Jr., 235; Samuel, 235; William, 235. McBride, James: 117. McCulloch, Major John: 122. McCulloh, Henry Eustace: 172. McDowell, Col.: 265. McDowell, Col. Charles: 291, 293, 337. McDowell, Col. Joseph: 293, 296, 298, 337. McDowell, Thomas: 228. McFeters, Jeremiah: 228. McGillivray, Alexander: 339, 342, 344, 345; receives overtures from Cumberland leaders, 341. Mendenhall: John, 203;--Richard, 203. Middle Ground: 111. Middle Settlements: 93. Middleton, Col. Thomas: 93. Middle Towns: 89. Middle West: 117. Millerstown: 198. Miró, District of: 343, 346. Miró, Gov. Estevan: 331, 335, 338, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345; reports on separatist movement in West, 342. Mississippi Bubble: 43. Mohawk Valley: 4. Monbreun, Timothé de: hunts on Cumberland, 128. Monongahela: 205. Montagu, Lord Charles: 168-169. Montgomerie, Col. Archibald: abortive campaign of, against Indians, 88-89; sails, 92. Montreal: 118. Mooney, James: explores Kentucky, 149, 153. Moore: 62. Moravian: church, 1, 3, 88-89, 166;--community diary, 88;--brotherhood, 15-16;--town, 56; Gemein Haus, 87;--store-keeper, 161. Moravians: 166; eleven killed, 56; warned against Indians, 85; hospitable to Indians, 86. Morgan family: 34;--Edward, 21; Sarah, 21, 34;--Richard, 34. Morganton: 337, 338. Morris, Gov. Samuel: 54. Morrison: 337. Mount Mitchell: 135. Mulberry Fields: 15, 163. Müller, Adam: settles in Virginia, 12. Murray, William: 207, 208, 238, 239.

N Nantahala Mountains: 267. Nash, Gen. Francis: 177, 288. Nashborough: 309. Nashville: 282, 342, 345. Nassau Hall: 27, 267. Natchez: 123, 125, 330. Neely, Alexander: 153, 154. Neilson, Archibald: 219. Nelson, Acting Governor William: 96, 188. Newcastle: 8. New England: 4, 86. New Jersey: 5. "Newlanders": 11. Newman, hunter: 119. Newman's Ridge: 119. New Orleans: 123, 343, 345. New River: region, 123, 126;--settlement, 69;--settlers, 70. "Nolichucky Jack of the Border": 332. Nolichucky: Valley, 224. North America: 120, 202. North Carolina: ch. XV, 5, 10, 13, 14, 15, 43, 52, 55, 59, 71, 73, 84, 99, 101, 107, 116, 130, 134, 136, 140, 160, 162, 163, 167, 174, 175, 176, 186, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193, 194, 197, 200, 203, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 237, 238, 245, 259, 260, 261, 265, 269, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 288, 289, 290, 291, 295, 304, 305, 307, 310, 311, 312, 313, 317, 319, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 328, 330, 332, 335, 339, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347; frontier conditions in, 25-28;--border, 76;--back country, 261; grants lands in Tennessee to Transylvania Company, 287; immigration into, 10, 13; increase in population of, 3, 11;--piedmont, 9, 26;--hunters, 141; pioneers, 95; governor of, 60; commissioners of, 310; troops, 53, 72, 77, 89, 93, 94, 266, 273; cedes Western territory to United States, 347; legislature of, passes second cession act, 347; lands accepted by Congress, 348. North Carolina Assembly: 57-58, 61, 92, 93, 277, 313, 314, 338, 343. North Carolina: Provincial Congress of, 259, 277; Provincial Council of, 260, 265, 266. Northwest: 259, 261, 270, 277. Nottaway Indians: 72. Nuntewees: 65.

O Oconostota, Cherokee chief: 242; treacherously murders Lieut. Coytomore, 79-80. Ohio Company: see Land Companies. Ohio Indians: 46. Ohio Valley: 102, 145. Old Abraham: 263. Old Chillicothe: 212. Old Southwest: 104, 126, 195, 198, 212, 226, 260, 265, 305, 309, 348; pioneers of, ch. XV, 5, 12, 14, 17, 28-31; pioneer democracy of, 20-21, 103-104;--planter aristocracy of, 20;--Mimic republics of, 200; --colonizers of, 20. Ormond, Duke of: to Leoline Jenkins, 6. Oroloswa, Catawba Chief: 71, see King Heygler. Osborne, Captain Alexander: leads Rowan militia, 62. Otari towns: 217. Ouasioto Gap: 118, 145, 146, 150, see Cumberland Gap. Outassitus, Cherokee chief: 91. Overton, Samuel: 239. Owen, William: 163, 164, 165. Oxford: 249.

P Pacific Ocean: 144. Page, John: 239. Paintsville: 100. Paris: 43. Path Deed: 224. Paxtang: 145. Pearis, Capt. Richard: 70. Peck, John M.: 148. Penn, William: 8, 21, 22. Pennsylvania: 5, 10, 13, 27, 33, 45, 54, 99, 118, 144, 209, 277; population of, 8; lands, 9; immigrants into, 12;--Synod, 13;--settlers, 146;--Proprietaries of, 111;--traders, 146, 207. Pensacola: 138, 139. Perkins, John: defeats Indians by strategy, 83-84. Phifer, Martin: leads frontier rangers, 83. Philadelphia: 8, 32, 123, 185, 249, 250. Pilot Knob: 102, 118, 119. Pilot Mountain: 135. Piomingo, Chickasaw chief: 125. Pioneer: farmer, ch. IX; promoter, ch. XI. Pittsburgh: 122. "Pocahontas of the West": 262; see Nancy Ward. Point Pleasant: 213. Polk, Thomas: 172. Ponce de Leon: ch. XII. Portwood, age: 232. Post St. Vincent: 281. Pound Gap: 102. Powell's Mountain: 224. Powell's Valley: 113, 114, 149, 203, 224, 252; lands in, granted to Transylvania Company, 287-288. Presbyterians: in Ireland, 7;--Scotch-Irish, 27. Preston, Col. William: 208, 212, 240; to Lord Dunmore on Henderson's offers of land, 220; to George Washington on Transylvania, 237-238, 242-243;--supports Judge Henderson, 254. Price, Thomas, Indian trader: guides Henderson at Hart to Otari towns, 217; testifies regarding Great Treaty, 225. Price's Meadow: 124. Privy Council: 206. "Proposals for the encouragement of settling the lands, etc.": issued by Transylvania Company, 219, 220. Puritan: 86.

Q Quaker Meadows: 294. Quakers: 20-21. Quebec: 212. Quindre, Dagniaux de: commands at siege of Transylvania Fort, 274-276.

R Rains, John: 123. Randolph, Col. Peter: treaty commissioner, 59. Recall of Judges: early example, 286-287. Red Lick Fork: 150. Regulation: 167, 173, 174, 175, 176, 182, 192. Regulators: ch. XI, 166, 167, 168, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 183, 185, 190. Reid, Capt. Mayne: 282. Revere, Paul: 231. Richard Henderson & Company: 119, 129, 138; organized, 107; despatch Boone on exploring expedition, 109; granted land by Virginia, 279; see Land Companies. Richter: 166. Rivers: Big Sandy, west fork of, 142; Broad, 59, 289; Catawba, 62, 70, 83, 84;--South fork of, 298; Chattahoochee, 266; Cherokee, 111, 121; Clinch, 142; Cumberland, 44, 109, 114, 119, 121, 128, 157, 223, 224, 269, 284, 288, 308; Dick's, 126, 156; Great Kanawha, 107, 112, 191, 192, 193; Green, 151, 157, 188, 279, 294; Hiwassee, 332; Holston, 142, 192, 194, 195, 224, 283; Illinois, 207; James, 16, 96-97; Kentucky, 156, 159, 212, 236, 242, 248, 253, 284; Licking, 156; Little Tennessee, 65, 307; Louisa, 149, 193; Meho, 163; Miami, 102; Mississippi, 42, 102, 139, 155, 259, 329, 330, 343; Muskingum, 102; New, 224; Nonachunheh, Nolichucky, 194, 197; Ohio, 42, 44, 45, 100, 107, 116, 117, 121, 122, 142, 151, 156, 191, 192, 193, 207, 213, 279;--falls of the, 255, 284;--forks of the, 47; Opeckon, 12; Pacolet, 76; Potomac, 122; Red, 119, 153, 154; Reedy, 112, 191; Roanoke, 69; Rockcastle, 100, 155; Scioto, 102; Shenandoah, 17; Stone's, 121; Swannanoa, 136; Tellico, 68; Tennessee, 44, 58, 121, 191, 283, 290; Trinity, 42; Tugaloo, 266; Twelve Mile, 89; Wabash, 123; Washita, 122; Watauga, 197, 219, 221, 224, 293. Robertson, Charles: 224. Robertson, James: 188, 189, 190, 196, 197, 200, 222, 260, 263, 287, 309, 327, 332, 339, 340, 341, 342, 344, 347; leads scouting party for Transylvania Company, 280-281; guides party to French Lick, 282; joined by Donelson and party, 284; names Miró District, 343; desires union with Spain, 343; seeks separation of Cumberland from North Carolina, 345; to Miró on separatist movement, 346. Robinson, John: 69. Rochelle: 43. Rocky Mountains: 135. Rogers, Sergt.: 73. Rogersville: 290. Roan Mountain: 135. Round-O, Cherokee chief: 79. Rowan, Matthew: 19, 76. Rowan rangers: 83; described, 82-83. Rowan: settlers murdered, 77, 265. Rucker, Capt.: 113. Rutherford, Gen. Griffith: leads Rowan rangers, 76, 83; leads rescuing force, 265, 270; leads army against Cherokees, 267. Russell, Capt. William: 203.

S Saint Augustine: 138. Saint Lusson, Daumont de: 41-42. Salem: 87. Salisbury: 34, 38, 59, 146, 148, 162, 165, 166, 168, 172, 289. Salling, John Peter: 117. San Salvador: 144. Sandy Creek Association: 175, 184, 185, 190. Sandy River expedition: 70. Sapona Town: 35. Sault Ste. Marie: 41. Savannah: 51. Savannah Indians: 65. Scaggs, Charles: 126. Scaggs, Henry: 282; meets Daniel Boone, 109; agent for Richard Henderson & Co., 109-110; explores Cumberland region, 119; leads Long Hunters into Kentucky, 125-126. Scaggs' Ridge: 120. Schnell, Leonard: pilgrimage of, 14-15. Scotch Lowlands: 6. Scotch-Irish: 7, 11, 27, 33, 188; in Pennsylvania, 8;--immigration of, 5, 19; settlers, 28. Scotchman: 218. Scotland: 217. Scovil: 168. Searcy: connection, 190; Reuben, 169; Valentine, 222. Settiquo: 76, 307, 316. Sevier, James: emissary of Franklin to Miró, 337-338. Sevier, John: 200, 222, 260, 298, 313-314, 322, 325, 326, 327, 330, 337, 344, 347; early life, 198; defends Watauga Fort, 263; rescues Bonny Kate Sherrill, 264; with Shelly plans King's Mountain campaign, 292, 296; defeats Indians, 307-308; disavows revolutionary intent, 315; elected Governor of Franklin, 317; writes defiant letter to Caswell, 323-324; appeals to Benjamin Franklin, 324; besieges Tipton, 330; attacks Indians, 331-332; writes Gardoqui, offering to "deliver" Franklin to Spain, 333-335; arrested for high treason, imprisoned, 337; rescued, 338; restored to office by North Carolina, 338; elected first governor of Tennessee, 348. Shawanoes, Shawnese: 25, 44, 69, 117, 151, 203, 205, 209, 271;--chief of, 204. Shelby, Col. Evan: leads force against Chickamaugas, 290; appointed brigadier-general, 322. Shelby, Isaac: 222, 291, 298; at Battle of Great Kanawha, 213-214; initiates King's Mountain campaign, 292; at King's Mountain, 301; elected first governor of Kentucky, 348. Shelby, Capt. James: 263. Shenandoah Valley: 10, 34. Sherrill, Katherine: rescued by John Sevier, 264. Silonee, Cherokee chief: 79; checks Montgomerie, 89; see Young Warrior of Estatoe. Sims, George: writes A Serious Address, etc., 160, 169, 170. Simms, William Gilmore: 144. Six Nations: 111, 191. Slaughter: 138. Slaughter, Col. Thomas: 244. Smith, Capt. John: 69. Smith, Gen. Daniel: 343, 344. Smith, James: 121. Smith, John, Jr.: 69. Smith, William Bailey: 222; carries corn to French Lick, 284. Smith's Bridge: 89. Smyth, J. F. D.: describes North Carolina backwoodsmen, 39-40. South Carolina: ch. XV, 14, 27-28, 43, 45, 58, 66, 68, 71, 112, 121, 139, 167, 192, 237, 262, 265, 268, 291, 294, 295, 305, 313; rangers, 89; traders, 71. South Fork of Catawba River, 62, 70;--Boys, 298, 301. South Sea: ch. XI, 42. South Sea Islands: 219. Southwest: see Old Southwest. Southwest Territory: 348. Southern Department: 111, 331. Spach: 166. Spain: ch. XX, 330, 331, 332, 337, 338, 339, 340, 344, 345, 347. Spangenberg, Bishop Augustus Gottlieb: makes exploring tour, 13, 14, 131; preaches at Bethania, 87. Spaniards: 292, 332, 340, 345. Spanish: authorities, 339; charged affairs, 329;--conspiracy in Kentucky, 335, 339;--conspiracy in Tennessee, ch. XX, 339;--court, 347;--domain, 348;--government, 346;--minister, 331;--traders, 340. Spotswood, Gov. Alexander: 97, 98. St. Asaph's: 243. St. Clair, Sir John: 54. St. Clair, Gen. Arthur: 133. Stalnaker, Samuel: 83, 94. Stanford: 243. Steep Rock: 194. Stephen, Col. Adam: 94, 95. Stewart, John: 139, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153. Stone, Uriah: 121, 123. Stoner, Michael: 121, 212, 232, 272. Stuart, Capt. John: 91-92. Stuart, John: 111, 191, 192, 194, 261. Stuart, pioneer: 283. Superintendent of Indian Affairs: 112, 331. Swan, David L.: 252. Switzerland: 134. Sycamore Shoals of Watauga River: 219, 221, 263, 293. Synge, Archbishop: 7.

T Tate, Samuel: 228. Taylor: Hancock, 122;--Richard, 122; Zachary, 122. Tennessee: ch. XV, 9, 112, 124, 128, 129, 132, 140, 190, 191, 192, 196, 211, 224, 269, 289, 290, 315, 348, 349; countries, 332;--riflemen, 291;--settlements, 261, 264, 314, 315;--settlers, 270, 281, 330, 331. Terre Haute: 123. Thompson: 84. Thompson, James: 263. Tiftoe, Cherokee Chief: 79. Tipton, Col. John: 321, 322, 328, 331. Tipton, Jonathan: 322. Tonti, Henry de: 45. Tories: 289, 305. Town Fork: 163. Trabue, Daniel: diary of, 275. Tracey, John: 69. Trade: British, 46. Traders: with Indians, ch. VII-ch. IX, 44, 46, 59, 113, 117, 118, 136. Trading Ford: 35. Trading House: British, 47. Trans-Alleghany: 21, 48, 99, 102, 119, 129, 140, 147, 159, 185, 201, 202, 204, 206, 212, 215, 216, 242, 277, 279, 330, 340. Transylvania: 200, 235, ch. XV, 243, 248, 252, 258, 279, 280, 287; colony of, 25; president of, 246; proprietors of, 229, 236, 244, 248, 256. Transylvania Company: 114, 119, ch. XII, 237, 238, 240, 249, 253, 254, 258, 278, 287, 288; compact of, with Cumberland settlers, 285-286; organized, 218; permanent contribution of, to colonization of West, 259. Transylvania Legislature: 244, 249, 255. Transylvania Purchase: 220, 248, 278. Transylvania Trail: 215, 226. Treaty: with Indians, 59; at Charleston, 94; at Fort Stanwix, 111; at Hard Labor, 112, 114; at Lochaber, 192; at Sycamore Shoals, 221-225. Trent, Capt. William: 47. Tryon, Gov. William: 112, 141, 176, 183, 191. Tryon Mountain: 112, 135, 191. Tryon's Line: 112. Tuckasegee: 307. Tuscarora Indians: 72.

U Ulster: 6-7. Ulster Scots: characterization of, 23, 32. Unakas: 263. Union: 319, 335, 336, 342, 348, 349; see American Union. United States: 277, 335, 339, 344, 345, 346, 347. United States Congress: 310, 311, 312, 346. Untoola: 316. Upper Towns: 66, 89. Utopia: 44.

V Valley of Mexico: 144. Vandalia: 206, 208. Vasco Nuñez: 144. Venango: 47. Versailles: 43. Villiers, Coulon de: 48. Virginia: pioneers of, 95, 296;--traders, 96;--troops, 212, 266, 273; --frontier, 74; Gazette, 110, 272;--backwoods, 28-29;--Valley of, 9, 16, 26, 33, 34;--Convention, 251, 257;--Land Office, 281;--Assembly, 67, 278;--Militia, 209;--House of Delegates, 278, 279;--Governor of, 67, 198;--Path, 64, 76;--Remonstrance, 207, ch. XV, 10, 14, 42, 45, 47, 52, 53, 58, 59, 64, 68, 69, 70, 72, 83, 96, 99, 112, 113, 114, 116, 118, 127, 130, 131, 132, 134, 138, 163, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193, 195, 198, 200, 204, 205, 206, 209, 211, 214, 220, 221, 222, 226, 235, 237, 239, 242, 243, 244, 251, 256, 258, 265, 269, 277, 278, 279, 281, 282, 287, 290, 305, 323, 326. Virginians: 96, 205, 208, 230, 231, 251, 299.

W Wabash (Ouabache) Land Company: see Land Companies. Wachau: 83, 87. Wachovia: 86;--community diary, 64. Wade, Capt. Robert: 74. Waddell, Gen. Hugh: 53, 55-56, 95, 133, 134; appointed Indian commissioner, 59; begins erection of Catawba Fort, 70; discontinues work on fort, 71; in Fort Duquesne campaign, 72; hastens to Rowan's defence, 76; marches to aid South Carolina, 77; report of, on defeat of Indians at Fort Dobbs, 81-82; rescues captives, 86; leads North Carolina troops, 93, 94. Walden, Elisha: 119. Walden's Mountain: 119-120. Walker, Dr. Thomas: 99, 102, 115, 116, 117, 191; makes exploration for Loyal Land Company, 99-100; sells land to Joseph Martin, 113. Walker, Felix: 228, 245, 260; describes Kentucky, 233-234. Walpole, Thomas, 206. Ward, James: 139. Ward, Nancy: 262, 264. Washington District: 260, 277, 314, 326. Washington, George: 47, 55, 72, 134, 256, 291; opinion of royal proclamation, 106; purchases Western lands, 106-107; makes charges against Dunmore, 206-207; secures military grants for Western lands, 208; Preston to, on Henderson purchase and Transylvania Company, 221, 237-238, 242-243. Watauga: ch. XII, 191, 194, 200, 270, 281-282;--commonwealth, 199; valley of, 188, 195, 196, 306;--country, 187, 189; settlers, 195, 196, 197, 200, 259;--Articles of Association, 197;--Association, 224; settlement, 260, 281. "Watauga Plan": commission form of government, 260. Waxhaws: 32. Webster: 307. Welsh: immigration of, 5;--settlers, 28;--stock, 163. West: 160, 187, 259, 273, 277, 327, 342, 348. West Virginia: 14, 206. Western: leaders, 292;--people, 347;--settlers, 311, 329; territory, 347, 348;--waters, 314, 348. Wharton: Samuel, 206;--Thomas, 209-211. White, Dr. James: 331, 332, 338, 346; emissary of Franklin, 337. Whitehall: 206. Wilderness Trail: 230. Wilkinson, General James: 335, 336. Williams, Brigadier-General James: 291, 294; killed at King's Mountain, 302. Williams, Col. John: 105, 107, 149, 187, 222, 254; elected delegate from Transylvania to Continental Congress, 249. Williams, John: 141. Williams and Henderson, law firm: 105, 147. Williamsborough: 103. Williamsburg: 210. Williamson, Col. Andrew: 266. Williamson, Dr. Hugh: 10, 312-313. Wilmington: 169. Winchester, Kentucky: 117. Winchester, Virginia: 12. Winston, Major Joseph: leads North Carolina troops against Cherokees, 266; leads Surry riflemen at King's Mountain, 293, 298, 303-304. Wolf Hills (Abingdon): 134. Wood, Col. Abraham: 42. Wormley, Ralph: 239. Wytheville: 112.

Y Yadkin: country, 117, 131, 139, 143, 145, 163, 164;--Forks of the, 33, 34, 162, 185;--valley, 10, 13, 15, 32. York, Pennsylvania: 12. Yorke, Charles: renders legal opinion, 201. Young Warrior of Estatoe, Cherokee chief: 79; see Silonee.

Z Zinzendorf, Count: 13.

Transcriber's Notes

Introduction:

We have retained the original punctuation and spelling in the book, but not in the index. Obvious errors were corrected--and all of these changes can be found in the Detailed Notes Section of these notes. The Detailed Notes Section also includes issues that have come up during transcription. One common issue is that words are sometimes split into two lines for spacing purposes. These words are hyphenated in the physical book, but there is a question sometimes as to whether the hyphen should be retained in transcription. The reasons behind some of these decisions are itemized.

There were numerous errors in the index. Places like the Ouasioto Gap and the Green River, which were spelled consistently and correctly throughout the text, ended up as "Onasioto" and "Guen" in the index. Such errors detract from the index. Therefore, corrections were made to the index and listed in the Detailed Notes Section.

Detailed Notes Section:

Introduction

• Page viii: In his letter to the Earl of Dartmouth, Lord Dunmore wrote the clause "Should for ever immagine the Lands further off..." This is a direct quote; the spelling is correct.

Preface

• Page xvii: Home-builder is hyphenated and split between two lines for spacing purposes, giving us two choices on how to transcribe the word. The word was not used again in the book. However, "home-makers" was used on Page 17, and the word included a hyphen and was in the middle of the line. We believe that the author's use of home-makers signals the author's intent to keep the hyphen in "home-builder." So we kept the hyphen.

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