CHAPTER XIV
The Drive to Uijongbu
_Operations of 28 September--Liberation Ceremony at Seoul--Crumbling of NKPA Resistance--RCT-7 and the Battle for Uijongbu--Last Days of Inchon-Seoul Operation--Summaries and Conclusions--MacArthur’s Report to United Nations_
As rapidly as the advance of the troops permitted, preparations were made for the restoration of civil government to Seoul. A group of former city officials had arrived by plane from Pusan; and on 26 September, Mayor Lee opened a temporary office in Yongdungpo. The police chief, construction engineer, and the health and welfare officials also resumed their old duties.
Collecting points were set up for handling the civilian wounded. The following statistics, comprising the patients treated for all causes by the 1st Medical Battalion of the 1st Marine Division, show that Korean civilians were second in numbers only to the Marines themselves:
U. S. Marine 2,811 Korean civilian 1,908 U. S. Army 358 KMC and ROK 322 U. S. Navy 78 POW [448]39
[448] 1st MarDiv _SAR_, Annex How How.
The problem of food for a city with a pre-war population of a million and a half was met during the advance when stores of rice and other supplies were turned over to Seoul officials by the Marines. Medical supplies found in the city were redistributed for use in Seoul and Inchon hospitals as well as the hospital established at Yongdungpo by Captain Hering, the Division Surgeon, expressly for the treatment of civilian wounded.
A shipment of some 50 tons of rice through X Corps, plus large amounts located in Seoul by the Marines, enabled the officials to take over without critical food shortages. On the 28th, Mayor Lee moved into the city hall at Seoul and acted immediately to re-establish police authority, clear destroyed areas and provide for the restoration of such public utilities as water and electricity.[449] These prompt measures did much to ease the hardships of thousands of returning refugees.
[449] O. P. Smith, _Notes_, 312–313.
_Operations of 28 September_
The 5th Marines passed an uneventful day on 28 September, having taken its assigned objectives and been pinched out by the 1st Marines on the right and the 7th Marines on the left, as planned. An assembly area was established in the vicinity of the Women’s University, and though the regiment sent out patrols, no enemy were encountered.[450]
[450] 1st MarDiv _SAR_, Annex Queen Queen.
The 7th Marines put in a busy day at seizing objectives which consisted of the high ground north of Seoul on both sides of the main highway from the capital to Uijongbu. Opposition was light to moderate, with the stiffest resistance occurring in areas which indicated that the enemy intended to put up a fight to protect his escape route to Uijongbu. Seventy-five tons of American-made dynamite and explosives, captured by the 7th Marines, were believed to have been originally supplied to the ROK forces before the war and abandoned during the NKPA invasion.[451] Total advances for the day ranged from 1,500 yards in the zone of the 3d Battalion to 2,600 yards in the zone of the 2d Battalion.
[451] _Ibid._, Annex Roger Roger.
When the 1st Marines jumped off at 0645 on the 28th, the 1st and 2d Battalions were in assault. The 3d Battalion remained in an assembly area in the rear and continued mopping up along with the 2d KMC Battalion. Although organized resistance in the city had been broken, the 1st Battalion met stubborn resistance from enemy groups and encountered many mines. The 2d Battalion, on the left, made headway against light opposition.
These attacks cleared the remainder of Seoul and took the assault battalions to Hill 133 (Objective ABLE) commanding the city on the northeast.[452]
[452] _Ibid._, Annex Peter Peter.
General Smith visited the CPs of all three regiments on the 28th by helicopter. He found Colonel Puller at the Ducksoo Palace, near the intersection of the streetcar lines. Colonel Litzenberg’s CP was located a short distance to the west, and Lieutenant Colonel Murray had established his headquarters in the Women’s University on the northwest outskirts of the city.
Later that day Generals Smith and Craig displaced the Division CP from Oeoso-ri to a barracks area in Seoul, southwest of South Mountain. The two Marine generals took over a former infirmary, but they decided that the mortuary slab was too depressing and had that fixture removed.[453]
[453] O. P. Smith, _Notes_, 308, 338–339.
_Liberation Ceremonies at Seoul_
Planning for impressive liberation ceremonies at Seoul had begun while the street fighting was at its height. The 1st Marine Division was requested by Corps to furnish two honor guards and a band. Musical instruments having been left behind in Japan, air shipment was prescribed.[454]
[454] O. P. Smith, _Chronicle_, 27 Sep 50, _Notes_, 313–315.
General MacArthur had hoped to hold the liberation ceremony at Seoul on 25 September, just three months to the day after the launching of the NKPA invasion. The enemy, however, was not cooperative with respect to this date; and even on the morning of the 29th, three NKPA counterattacks were repulsed on the outskirts of the city. As it proved, General MacArthur vetoed plans for a ceremony with band music. “I will personally conduct the proceedings without being introduced,” said his message to X Corps, and he specified that there be no honor guard.[455]
[455] CinCFE msg to CG X Corps, 28 Sep 50.
Two pre-dawn counterattacks on the 2d Battalion, 1st Marines, were not auspicious beginnings for the day of the liberation exercises. The first occurred at 0445 on 29 September, when the OP, located on a spur projecting forward of the MLR and defended by a rifle platoon, was infiltrated by an estimated 70 to 100 NKPA troops. A second enemy attack hit the left flank of the battalion shortly afterwards. Both attempts were repulsed with total losses of 48 to the Communists, and the Marines had casualties of 4 KIA and 28 WIA, most of them resulting from hand grenades.[456]
[456] 1st MarDiv _SAR_, Annex Peter Peter.
Another assault, launched by the enemy at 0600 in the zone of action of the 7th Marines, was repulsed without trouble. Most of the fighting on 29 September was done by this regiment, which pushed forward to gain all the rest of its objectives before nightfall.
At dawn, in preparation for the liberation ceremony, Marine guards were unobtrusively stationed along the route of approach from the new floating bridge to the Government Palace. This duty fell chiefly on 3/1, with elements of the 5th Marines being responsible for security in the western part of the city.
General MacArthur and President Syngman Rhee drove directly to the Palace after separate arrivals at Kimpo Airfield. The guests included Korean dignitaries and United Nations officials in addition to high-ranking representatives of military organizations.
The commander in chief opened the ceremony with a moving five-minute address ending with the Lord’s Prayer. The rumble of artillery could be heard at times, and some of the guests glanced up apprehensively at the shattered skylight overhead.
“Occasional falls of glass from the dome and drifting smoke and ashes were part of the scene,” commented a Marine officer. “Unheeded noise of rifle shots punctuated the talks. Grim Marines from Puller’s regiment surrounded the seated audience.... The youth of the guards was offset by the tall, gray-haired figures of Generals Smith and Barr at the front of the audience. They were patently the men who had borne precisely and capably the load of decision.”[457]
[457] Col E. H. Forney memo to authors, Dec 54.
With the 1st Marine Division still responsible for security, it was a relief to General Smith when the distinguished visitors departed unharmed. Not all the mines had been removed from the streets as yet, and it was suspected that snipers might still be lurking in the ruins.[458]
[458] O. P. Smith, _Chronicle_, 29 Sep 50.
_Crumbling of NKPA Resistance_
Although more hard fighting lay ahead in the Inchon-Seoul operation, X Corps alerted its major units on 29 September to the possibility of a new amphibious landing on the east coast of Korea. This was one of the earliest announcements of the planning which led to the Wonsan landing and the advance to the Chosin Reservoir, but the history of those events belongs in the next volume of this series.
The new operation was suggested by the rapid disintegration of the main body of the NKPA invasion forces. In a single day, 26 September, elements of the 1st Cavalry Division had advanced more than 100 miles; and a total of about 23,600 prisoners were taken by the Eighth Army before the end of the month. Enemy resistance was still encountered, to be sure, and sometimes it was of a desperate nature as Red Korean troops fought to escape encirclement. But all hope and heart had gone out of the Communist cause. One Eighth Army column sliced across the peninsula to Kunsan while other spearheads drove northward and ROK units pushed up the east coast nearly to Samchok. NKPA opposition was crumbling everywhere as demoralized invasion troops threw away their weapons and changed to civilian clothes in the hope of making their way to North Korea through the ever tightening Eighth Army cordon.[459]
[459] U. S. MilAcad, _Operations in Korea_, 18–19.
The X Corps troops in the Seoul area had enough on their hands to finish the old operation before starting a new one. 1st Marine Division OpnO 13-50, issued at 2000 on 29 September, provided for the securing of the captured city by these means:
(1) a continuation of the attack to the east;
(2) the conduct of reconnaissances in force to the north and northwest;
(3) the relief of elements of the 7th Infantry Division north of the river Han;
(4) the seizure of prescribed blocking positions.[460]
[460] O. P. Smith, _Notes_, 318.
The Division plan of maneuver called for the three Marine rifle regiments to take blocking positions forming a rough semi-circle defending Seoul from three sides--the 5th Marines to the northwest, the 7th Marines to the north, and the 1st Marines to the northeast. Responsibility for the area north of the Han river and west of the Pukhan River had passed to the 1st Marine Division, and at 1500 on 30 September the following missions were assigned by OpnO 14-50:
RCT-1--To protect the right flank of the Division and be prepared to assemble in Division reserve by battalions for a motor lift. Blocking positions, as assigned by OpnO 13-50, consisted of high ground from two to five miles northeast of Seoul.
RCT-5--To continue reconnaissance in force with minimum of a reinforced battalion to Suyuhyon and establish a blocking position; to protect the left flank of the Division; and to be prepared to provide a reinforced rifle company for Task Force Kumpo, on order. These attachments to be made: 1st Battalion, 11th Marines, and one battery of 50th AAA Battalion, USA; Company A, 1st Tank Battalion; Company A, 1st Engineer Battalion; and a company from the 1st Motor Transport Battalion.
RCT-7--To advance rapidly and seize blocking positions in the vicinity of Uijongbu. These attachments to be made: 3d Battalion, 11th Marines, and one battery of 50th AAA Battalion, USA; Company D, 1st Tank Battalion; and one company of the KMC Regiment.
The KMC Regiment (less the 1st and 3d Battalions and one company of the 5th Battalion, with a detachment of ANGLICO attached) was meanwhile to advance to the east and seize blocking positions at the junction of the Han and Pukhan rivers where the road leading northeast from Seoul reaches that point. The 1st KMC Battalion had been attached to the 7th Infantry Division, and the 3d Battalion was operating on the Kumpo Peninsula.
Task Force Kumpo, when activated on Division order, was to consist of the 3d KMC Battalion and Battery C, 50th AAA Battalion, USA, plus a 5th Marines rifle company and a tank detachment, if required. As it proved, however, X Corps held responsibility for the defense of this area until 2 October, when the 187th Airborne RCT was relieved by Task Force Kumpo.[461]
[461] _Ibid._, 318–319, 336–337. Both “Kimpo” and “Kumpo” are used in reports to designate the same area--the peninsula formed by the mouth of the Han. The first name was derived from the airfield, of course, and the second from the principal town of the peninsula.
Two more small fire fights awaited the 5th Marines in carrying out the missions assigned by Division OpnO 14-50. At 1030 on 1 October, while patrolling the extensive area of regimental responsibility, a detachment of 2/5 made contact with an NKPA force estimated at 150 to 200 men. Air strikes and mortar fire soon took the fight out of the enemy, who left 30 dead behind.
At 0600 on 1 October the 3d Battalion, reinforced with a battery of artillery and a platoon of tanks and engineers, moved out toward Suyuhyon. Charlie Company of 1/5 followed in trace to protect the battalion rear and provide security for returning motor transport.
Two road blocks were cleared before the battalion tied in for the night on high ground just short of the objective. Then, at 0230 the next morning, the enemy struck in estimated company strength. The attempt was repulsed by machine-gun fire, and 67 Red Korean bodies were found at daybreak in the attack area. At 0700 the column resumed the march to Suyuhyon, which was occupied without further incident.[462]
[462] 1st MarDiv _SAR_, Annex Queen Queen: basic rpt and Peter.
The 1st Marines found little difficulty in carrying out all missions assigned by Division OpnO 14-50. In fact, the regiment had only a few minor patrol actions after taking blocking positions northeast of Seoul.
Colonel Litzenberg’s men were now making the main effort of the 1st Marine Division. Preparations for the drive to Uijongbu began with every indication that the enemy was bent upon flight. A patrol from the 3d Battalion found 30 Korean bodies beside a wall, including several women and a child, whose hands had been bound behind them before they were shot. The victims, according to a POW, were members of the families of ROK soldiers.[463]
[463] _Ibid._, Annex Roger Roger.
Positions had been consolidated by the late afternoon of 30 September in readiness for the jump-off in the morning. The 7th Marines might well have been called Task Force Litzenberg at this stage for it was reinforced by Major Parry’s 3d Battalion of the 11th Marines, Captain Lester T. Chase’s Company D of the 1st Tank Battalion, Captain Byron C. Turner’s Company D of the 1st Engineer Battalion, and Captain Kim’s Company C of the 5th KMC Battalion.
The drive to the new objective began at 0630 on 1 October in a column of battalions. Air reconnaissance had made it appear likely that any NKPA resistance would probably take advantage of a tactical bottleneck, about halfway to Uijongbu, where steep and rocky ridges overlooked a narrow defile through which the road passed. Colonel Litzenberg and his staff decided to maneuver by sending the 1st Battalion to make a broad feint to cover the entry of the 3d Battalion into the defile with tank support while the 2d Battalion followed in reserve.
Lieutenant Colonel Davis secured his preliminary objectives, then swiftly spread out on both sides of the defile for his feint. Unfortunately, Major Roach was delayed by an enemy mine field, which brought the 3d Battalion and the tanks to a halt while the engineers cleared the way. Davis’ simulated attack had meanwhile disclosed that the enemy was entrenched in depth along the high ground on each side of the defile. Both Marine battalions took heavy NKPA artillery and mortar fire before halting for the night.[464]
[464] This section is derived from: 1st MarDiv _SAR_, Annexes Oboe Oboe and Roger Roger; 1st MAW _SAR_, Annex Item:Queen; Col H. L. Litzenberg interv with HistDiv, 22 Apr 51; Hammond interv, 17 Aug 54; and Capt R. T. Bey interv, 17 Nov 54.
[Illustration: PURSUIT OF THE NKPA & CAPTURE OF UIJONGBU
28 SEP--3 OCT 1950]
At least the day’s attacks had unmasked the enemy’s positions and exposed them to savage attacks by the Corsairs of VMF-312. RCT-7 continued the attack at 0630 on the 2d, with Roach on the left of the road and Davis on the right. About halfway through the defile the 3d Battalion was pinned down by a concentration of NKPA artillery, mortar, and small-arms fire. Again the tanks were held up while the engineers cleared away mines, working in a hail of bullets. The tanks of the 1st Platoon repaid the favor by closing in on two huts sheltering NKPA troops and killing an estimated 35. Here an attached dozer tank, without blade, had a freakish accident when two men in the turret were wounded by enemy fire down a 105mm gun tube while the breech was open.
The 1st Battalion managed to cross the stream east of the defile and seize the high ground just beyond. But the day ended with gains of only 300 yards in the defile.
Roach’s men returned to the attack in the morning, supported by the tanks of the 2d Platoon. Again VMF-312 flew one close air support sortie after another. Major Charles E. McLean was hit by enemy AA fire but crash-landed his plane in friendly territory. First Lieutenant Robert O. Crocker was killed in action shortly after being brought down by NKPA small-arms fire.
VMF-312 fliers intercepted an enemy convoy and First Lieutenant Franklin Stratton reported the destruction of seven out of eight trucks. The tanks also gave the infantry helpful support, firing 167 90mm rounds during the day and an estimated 20,000 machine gun rounds at enemy troops along the ridge.
While 1/7 cleared the high ground on the east side of the road and 3/7 on the west side, Colonel Litzenberg directed Major Webb D. Sawyer[465] to pass between them with 2/7 and drive directly along the highway. Progress was satisfactory from the start. When Sawyer’s men began to overrun abandoned NKPA artillery pieces and supply dumps, they pounded ahead with the realization that enemy resistance was broken.
[465] Lieutenant Colonel Hinkle, the former 2/7 commander, had been wounded and evacuated on 28 September.
At five that afternoon the 2d Battalion entered the ruins of Uijongbu, evacuated by the enemy. The last large-scale fight of the Inchon-Seoul operation had ended in a smashing victory for the Division’s youngest regiment.
Identifications showed that the Marines had been opposed by three battalions of the 31st Regiment of the 31st NKPA Division. Elements of the 17th and Seoul Divisions and of an artillery battalion were also encountered. These troops had been supported by 13 tanks, of which four were killed by Marine air attacks and two captured in a damaged condition by 2/7 after the others escaped.
The three-mile advance of RCT-7 on 3 October had resulted in the cutting of lateral communications to the east and west of Uijongbu and the securing of an important blocking position on the X Corps final phase line. Losses of 13 killed and 111 wounded were suffered by the regiment in the three-day fight.
_Last Days of Inchon-Seoul Operation_
The climax of the battle was witnessed by General Cates, who visited the front on 3 October, accompanied by Major Generals Edwin A. Pollock and Clayton C. Jerome. After being briefed at the Division CP by the G-1, G-2, G-3, and G-4, the Commandant inspected the positions of RCT-1 and RCT-5 by helicopter before taking a jeep tour along the road to Uijongbu to watch Colonel Litzenberg’s men slug their way forward into the battered town.[466]
[466] O. P. Smith, _Chronicle_, 2–3 Oct 50.
That evening the fighting virtually came to an end, for the 1st Marine Division had a total of only seven casualties during the last four days of the Inchon-Seoul operation. The rifle regiments had only to maintain their blocking positions while patrolling to front and flank.
Operations on the Kumpo Peninsula, which had been sputtering intermittently ever since the occupation of the airfield, also drew to a close.[467] Responsibility for the area having passed from Corps back to Division on 2 October, elements of the 187th Airborne RCT were relieved by Task Force Kumpo, consisting of the 3d KMC Battalion, a detachment from the 1st Signal Battalion, and Battery C of the 50th AAA Battalion, USA.
[467] Capt J. E. Dolan memo to authors, 24 Nov 54.
Naval gunfire had found its greatest mission of the exploitation phase in support of the widely assorted units which protected the left flank of X Corps at various times. The 187th, being short on artillery, had relied on the naval gunfire and spot teams commanded by Lieutenant (jg) Leo D. McMillan, USN, and First Lieutenant J. E. Dolan, of the 2d Battalion, 7th Marines. These officers and their men remained with Task Force Kumpo after it relieved the 187th, but patrols reported no enemy contacts after 2 October. The chief activity on the peninsula was listening to the baseball games of the World Series, which came in clearly over the radios of the naval gunfire teams.[468]
[468] _Ibid._
As directed on 5 October by OpnO 15-50, the last to be issued by the Division in the Inchon-Seoul Operation, the major Marine units were scheduled to close into staging areas in Inchon as follows:
5th Marines 1800 on 5 October; 11th Marines 1700 on 6 October; 1st Marines Prior to darkness, 6 October; 7th Marines Midafternoon, 7 October; KMC Regiment Prior to darkness, 7 October.
An impressive ceremony was held on the 6th, when the cemetery established by the Marines on the outskirts of Inchon was taken over by the United Nations. After an invocation by Chaplain R. M. Schwyhart of the 1st Marine Division, General Almond made a few remarks and laid a wreath on the grave of an unknown soldier. Then General Smith, General Barr, and Colonel Lee performed the same ceremony over Marine, Army, and ROK graves. Volleys were fired, taps were sounded, and the dedication ended with the national anthems of the United States and Korea.[469]
[469] O. P. Smith, _Notes_, 342; 1st MarDiv _SAR_, Annex George, 7.
There could be no doubt, as the Marines prepared to mount out for a new amphibious operation, that the NKPA invaders had been knocked out of the war by the combined X Corps and Eighth Army offensives. The Red Korean retreat had become a rout, and Marine staff officers considered it doubtful whether the enemy could hold the east coast port of Wonsan long enough to defend it against the proposed new Marine assault landing.[470]
[470] Wonsan fell without a fight on 10 October, before the Marines embarked, to ROK units advancing up the coastal route.
It was apparent, in fact, that only the active intervention of Red China or the Soviet Union could save the North Korean People’s Republic from imminent collapse. At this time, however, it did not seem likely that any such attempt would be made.
And so it was that one of the most remarkable amphibious operations in Marine Corps annals came uneventfully to an end on 7 October 1950. Early in the morning the Division CP displaced from Seoul to a housing area just north of Ascom City. At 0935, in accordance with X Corps OpnO 5, General Smith reported to Admiral Doyle, ComPhibGru One, for duty as commander of the landing force for the proposed Wonsan assault. And at 1200 the Inchon-Seoul operation passed into history when the last troops of the 7th Marines were relieved in the Uijongbu area by elements of the Eighth Army.
_Summaries and Conclusions_
At this stage the men of the 1st Marine Division and 1st Marine Aircraft Wing were still too close to the operation to see it clearly in detail. If there was any one overwhelming impression they all had in common, it was a sense of the speed with which events had raced toward a climax.
This was by no means an illusion. Hundreds of Marine reservists had watched baseball games or enjoyed picnics with their families on the Fourth of July, never dreaming that shortly after Labor Day they would be scrambling out of landing boats to assault a flaming Asiatic seaport on the other side of the earth!
Speed was an essential if the assault landing were to be completed on the prescribed D-day. But there was no place for the proverbial haste that leads to waste. It had to be the speed of precision--an acceleration of men and events made possible by the amphibious know-how of a Navy-Marine Corps team that had worked together throughout the Pacific operations of World War II.
Sometimes this acceleration was so unobtrusive as to pass almost unnoticed. Shipping does not grow on trees, particularly the enormous amounts of shipping required for a major amphibious operation. Yet the U. S. Navy made it appear a simple and routine matter to assemble from all the seven seas an invasion fleet made up of craft ranging from cruisers to rowboats.
The Marines, as the Landing Force, worked hand-in-hand with the Attack Force commanded by Rear Admiral James H. Doyle, who had no superior in the world of 1950 as an amphibious specialist. From preliminary planning to final execution, Doyle and his staff officers of PhibGru One supplied a precision which had much to do with the success of an operation holding so many potentialities of disaster.
Looking back, some of the Marine participants could hardly recall a full night’s sleep from 25 July 1950, the date of the order directing that the 1st Marine Division be brought up to full war strength, until 7 October 1950, when the operation came to a victorious end. From the mobilization at Camp Pendleton to the street fighting in Seoul, it was often necessary to utilize the hours of darkness ordinarily devoted to rest. At Kobe, for instance, there were so few copies of the plans for the Inchon landing that they were circulated on a 24-hour schedule for study by Marine officers who took turns.
The acceleration of the 1st Marine Division in 64 days from a peacetime basis to the capture of Seoul has been summarized as follows:
(a) Expansion from a reduced peace strength (less the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade) to a reinforced war strength, less one RCT, was completed in a period of approximately 15 days.
(b) Administrative sea lift and movement of over 15,000 personnel, organic equipment, and partial resupply from San Diego to the Far East Command commenced in less than three weeks after expansion was ordered.
(c) Debarkation and unloading from administrative shipping, and reembarkation and reloading at Kobe, Japan for the assault landing at Inchon were done in a period averaging about seven days per unit, two days of which were lost due to a heavy typhoon in the Kobe area.
(d) Completed planning and the issuance of the complete operation order for the amphibious landing at Inchon were accomplished 17 days after the receipt of the initial directive.
(e) The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade was disengaged from
## active combat with the enemy on the South Korean front at
midnight on 5 September, moved to Pusan, and outloaded in combat shipping in less than 7 days.
(f) A successful assault landing was executed at Inchon, Korea, on 15 September under some of the most adverse landing conditions in the history of amphibious operations.
(g) The Force Beachhead Line approximately six miles from landing beaches was seized within 24 hours after the main landing on Beaches RED and BLUE.
(h) Kimpo Airfield, a primary objective of the operation in the 1st Marine Division’s zone of action, was captured 50 hours and 35 minutes after H-Hour, D-Day.
(i) The first assault crossing of the Han River (400 yards wide at the crossing site) was executed by RCT-5, employing LVTs, DUKWs, and pontoon ferries, less than five days after landing at Inchon.
(j) The remainder of the Division crossed the Han River without bridging, and after intense fighting completed the seizure of Seoul 12 days after landing at Inchon.
(k) The effectiveness of the Marine air-ground team and close air support doctrine were reaffirmed with outstanding success.
(l) The ability of Marine units to participate in extended land operations, provided additional transportation requirements are met during the emergency, was demonstrated in the Inchon-Seoul operation.[471]
[471] O. P. Smith, _Notes_, 365–366.
In any such summary, it is understood that credit for the accomplishments of the 1st Marine Division was shared by the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing. Two more days of fighting remained for the squadrons at Kimpo after the relief of the ground forces, since Marine air operations cover the period from 7 September to 9 October 1950. Altogether, 2,774 combat sorties were flown by the five Marine squadrons during this 33-day period, most of them in close support of infantry units. Following are the totals:
--------------+--------+---------- Squadron | Days in| Combat | Action| Sorties --------------+--------+---------- VMF-214 | 16 | 484 VMF-323 | 22 | 784 VMF-212 | 19 | 607 VMF-312 | 10 | 288 VMF(N)-542 | 19 | 573 | +---------- Total | |[472]2,774 --------------+--------+----------
[472] Summaries and statistics for Marine air have been derived form: 1st MAW _SAR_, Annexes Able, Item, Jim, Queen, Sugar; also E. H. Giusti and K. W. Condit, “Marine Air over Inchon-Seoul,” _Marine Corps Gazette_, 36, no. 6 (Jun 52): 19–27.
Note that the total of 2,774 combat sorties includes 38 flown by two aircraft of VMF-312, which began operating from Kimpo nine days before the rest of the squadron arrived.
“No enemy air operations of any significance were encountered,” stated the TAC X Corps report. “Some enemy antiaircraft fire from light to moderate was encountered. Most of this AA fire was of small caliber.”
Eleven Marine planes (not counting VMO-6 aircraft) were shot down by NKPA ground forces. Six pilots and a crewman were killed in action and two pilots wounded.
As an example of the types of missions, the 326 combat sorties flown by VMF-322 fell into these categories: close air support, 163; reconnaissance, 99; rescue cover, 18; deep support, 17; helicopter escort, 8; photo escort, 6; combat air patrol, 6; tactical air control, 4; leaflet, 2; R4D escort, 2; message drop, 2. In addition, the squadron was credited with 151 noncombat sorties.
There could be no question that Marine close air support had won the esteem of Army infantry units. Generals Harris and Cushman were the recipients of many spontaneous comments of appreciation from individuals as well as formal endorsements. (See Appendix L for the record.)
On the other hand, the Marines had cause to be grateful for the deep support and interdiction strikes provided by the Naval fast carrier planes of JTF-7 in combination with the Fifth Air Force, which was committed primarily to the support of the Eighth Army in South Korea. During the first two weeks of September, JTF-7 had responsibility for the gradual isolation of the Inchon target area by means of air operations conducted as far as 150 miles north of the objective and 100 miles to the south.
The air defense of our forces at sea and in the Inchon area, and the air interdiction operations of the first five or six days of the landing--these were carried out largely by Naval air effort under Commander JTF-7. Mutual assistance between JTF-7 and the Fifth Air Force was provided for, with coordination being achieved by the delineation of areas for each.[473]
[473] VAdm A. D. Struble ltr to authors, 3 May 55.
VMO-6, under the control of the 1st Marine Division and administration control of MAG-33, completed a total of 643 helicopter and OY flights in 515 hours. Of the 139 seriously wounded men evacuated by helicopter from the firing line, a large proportion owed their lives to the speed and ease with which they were transported to the hospital. The helicopters also were credited with twelve rescue missions of friendly pilots shot down behind the enemy lines.[474]
[474] 1st MarDiv _SAR_, Annex William William.
In the long run, of course, it took the coordinated efforts of ground, air, and sea forces to win the final victory in one of the most unusual and difficult amphibious operations of all time. And though this book is limited to an account of Marine activities primarily, the Marines who took part would be first to acknowledge how much the final victory owed to the efforts of other ground forces--the U. S. Army units, the KMC Regiment, and the ROK contingents.
Many of these units, like the Marines, had been handicapped by a hasty build-up which allowed little or no time for special training and rehearsals. No greater feat of organization was recorded in 1950 than the creation of a new 7th Infantry Division from the bare bones of the old in only a few weeks. The Marines saw more of the 32d Infantry than General Barr’s other units, for it was this regiment which protected the right flank during critical periods of the advance on Seoul while elements of the 187th Airborne RCT were responsible for the security of the left flank.
The Army artillery units, amphibian tractor troops, and AAA companies also deserve their full share of credit for the victory. And though the Marines were not often in contact with the ROKs, they realized how much these allies had contributed, often under the most adverse circumstances.
Naturally, the Marines felt a special interest in the KMC Regiment, which they had trained and equipped. The KMCs repaid this feeling by the valor with which they fought in every phase of the operation from the mopping up of Inchon to the battle for Seoul.
The Inchon landing and its exploitation have been made the subject of a study by officers of the Marine Corps Schools at Quantico, who summed up the over-all effects as follows:
(a) The amphibious envelopment at Inchon produced a decisive threat to the North Korean forces which led directly to the rapid disintegration of their front on the Pusan Perimeter. The 1st Marine Division was the landing force in this amphibious envelopment.
(b) It completed the dislocation of the enemy’s entire logistical system by the capture of Seoul, which, together with the combat action of other UN forces, shattered the enemy in all of South Korea, causing the complete rout of the North Korean forces. The 1st Marine Division played a principal role in the capture of Seoul.
(c) The successful completion of the campaign made available to UN forces the port facilities of Inchon and the extensive Seoul communications complex for carrying offensive action into North Korea.
(d) By the direct action of the 1st Marine Division, the enemy’s potential was reduced by the capture of 4,692 POWs, by inflicting 13,666 casualties on the enemy, by destroying 44 tanks, and by destroying or capturing much other material.[475]
[475] MarCorps Board _Study_, II-B, 45–46. Here again it may be noted that later reports, not available when this study was made, indicate that duplicate claims were entered for four of these 44 tanks, with two others unaccounted for in records. The actual total, therefore, is 38.
In view of such far-reaching results, total casualties for the 1st Marine Division of 366 KIA, 49 DOW, 6 MIA, and 2,029 WIA cannot be considered excessive for an operation fraught with so many calculated risks. No man’s life was given in vain, for the Communist challenge to the free nations was met in Korea and the aggressors beaten so decisively that the world would soon have had peace except for the intervention of Red China.
_MacArthur’s Report to United Nations_
Again it is worthy of emphasis that the victory was not won by any one nation or any one branch of the military service. As far as this country is concerned, the Inchon-Seoul operation was conducted jointly by the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. General Douglas MacArthur was spokesman for all of them late in September 1950, in these extracts from the Sixth Report of the Commander in Chief, United Nations Command, to the Security Council of the United Nations:
“Events of the past two weeks have been decisive. The strategic concepts designed to win the war are rapidly proving their soundness through aggressive application by our ground, sea, and air forces.
“The seizure of the heart of the enemy’s distributing system in the Seoul area has completely dislocated his logistical supply to his forces in South Korea and has quickly resulted in their disintegration. Caught between our northern and southern forces, both of which are completely self-sustaining because of our absolute air and naval supremacy, the enemy is thoroughly shattered through disruption of his logistical support and our combined combat activities.
“The prompt junction of our two forces is dramatically symbolic of this collapse.
“The obstacles to this wide envelopment were not only the enemy opposition, but also the natural obstacles of poor beaches fronted by miles of mud flats, a narrow channel and an extraordinary tidal range of over 29 feet. The success demonstrated a complete mastery of the technique of amphibious warfare, clockwork coordination, and cooperation between the units and services participating. There was nothing noteworthy about the North Korean opposition, but there could have been. The potential was there. The North Koreans were proceeding with the construction of coastal fortifications, dug-in tanks and guns of all calibers, beach defenses and mining operations. Had this development been delayed for as much as a month, the enemy would have been ready and the assault, if possible, would have been more costly to United Nations forces.”
At no time, not even when the United Nations forces were fighting with their backs to the wall at Pusan, did the commander in chief ever have any doubts as to the outcome. It was fitting, therefore, that he should have summed up the results of the combined Eighth Army and X Corps offensives in this conclusion written after the securing of Seoul:
“A successful frontal attack and envelopment has completely changed the tide of battle in South Korea. The backbone of the North Korean army has been broken and their scattered forces are being liquidated or driven north with material losses in equipment and men captured.”
APPENDIX A
Glossary of Technical Terms and Abbreviations
AAA(AW)Bn--Antiaircraft Artillery (Automatic Weapons) Battalion (USA). AD--Destroyer Tender. AE--Ammunition Ship. AerialDelPlat--Aerial Delivery Platoon. AF--Air Force; Store Ship. AGC--Amphibious Force Flagship. AH--Hospital Ship. AK--Cargo Ship. AKA--Assault Cargo Ship. AKL--Cargo Ship--Light. AKS--Stores Issue Ship. AM--Minesweeper. AmphTracBn--Amphibious Tractor Battalion. AmphTrkBn--Amphibious Truck Battalion. AMS--Auxiliary Motor Minesweeper. ANGLICO--Air and Naval Gunfire Liaison Company. AO--Oiler. AOG--Gasoline Tanker. AP--Transport. APA--Assault Transport. APD--High Speed Transport. ARG--Repair Ship--Internal Combustion Engines. ARH--Repair Ship--Heavy Hull Damage. ARL--Repair Ship--Landing Craft. ArmdAmphBn--Armored Amphibian Battalion. ARS--Salvage Vessel. AT--Antitank. ATF--Ocean Tug--Fleet. AV--Seaplane Tender. AVP--Seaplane Tender, Small. Bchmstr Unit--Beachmaster Unit. BLT--Battalion Landing Team. Bn--Battalion. CA--Heavy Cruiser. CG--Commanding General. CICDet--Counter-Intelligence Corps Detachment (USA). CinCFE--Commander in Chief, Far East. CinCPacFlt--Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet. CL--Light Cruiser. CMC--Commandant of the Marine Corps. CNO--Chief of Naval Operations. CO--Commanding Officer. Co--Company. ComAirSupGrp--Commander Air Support Group. ComCarDiv--Commander Carrier Division. ComNavFE--Commander Navy Far East. ComPhibGruOne--Commander Amphibious Group One. CP--Command Post. C/S--Chief of Staff. CSG--Combat Service Group. CTF--Commander Task Force. CV--Aircraft Carrier. CVE--Aircraft Carrier--Escort. CVL--Aircraft Carrier--Light. DD--Destroyer. DDE--Escort Destroyer. DDR--Radar Picket Destroyer. DOW--Died of wounds. DUKW--Amphibious Truck. Emb Off--Embarkation Officer. EngrBn--Engineer Battalion. EngrPortConstCo--Engineer Port Construction Company (USA). EngrSpecBrig--Engineer Special Brigade (USA). ETO--European Theater of Operations. EUSAK--Eighth United States Army in Korea. FABn--Field Artillery Battalion (USA). FAC--Forward Air Controller. FBHL--Force Beachhead Line. FEAF--Far East Air Force. FECOM--Far East Command. F4U--Vought “Corsair” Fighter. FMF--Fleet Marine Force (Pac-Pacific; Lant-Atlantic). FO--Forward Observer. FSA--Fire Support Area. FSCC--Fire Support Coordination Center. F7F-3--Grumman “Tigercat” Night Fighter. Fum & Bath Plat--Fumigation and Bath Platoon. GCI--Ground Control Intercept. GHQ--General Headquarters. H & S Co--Headquarters and Service Company. HO3S-1--Sikorsky Helicopter. HqBn--Headquarters Battalion. HqCo--Headquarters Company. HqSq--Headquarters Squadron. InfDiv--infantry Division (USA). interv--Interview. JANIS--Joint Army-Navy Intelligence Studies. JCS--Joint Chiefs of Staff. JSPOG--Joint Strategic Planning and Operations Group. JTF--Joint Task Force. KIA--Killed in Action. KMC--Korean Marine Corps. LCM--Landing Craft, Mechanized. LCVP--Landing Craft, Vehicle and Personnel. LSD--Landing Ship, Dock. LSM--Landing Ship, Medium. LSMR--Landing Ship, Medium-Rocket. LST--Landing Ship, Tank. LSU--Landing Ship, Utility. LVT--Landing Vehicle, Tracked. LVT(A)--Landing Vehicle, Tracked (Armored). MAG--Marine Air Group. MAW--Marine Air Wing. MedBn--Medical Battalion. MGCIS--Marine Ground Control Intercept Squadron. MIA--Missing in action. MOS--Military Occupational Specialty. MPCo--Military Police Company. MTACS--Marine Tactical Air Control Squadron. MTBn--Motor Transport Battalion. NCO--Noncommissioned Officer. NGF--Naval Gunfire. NK--North Korea(n). NKPA--North Korean Peoples Army. OCMH--Office of the Chief of Military History (USA). Off--Officer. OP--Observation Post. OpnO--Operation Order. OrdAmmCo--Ordnance Ammunition Company (USA). OrdBn--Ordnance Battalion. OY--Consolidated-Vultee light observation plane. PC--Submarine Chaser. PCEC--Escort Amphibious Control Vessel. PF--Frigate. PhibGru--Amphibious Group. PhibTraPac--Training Command, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet. PIR--Periodic Intelligence Report. Plat--Platoon. POL--Petroleum, Oil, Lubricants. POW--Prisoner of War. RAF--Royal Air Force. RcnCo--Reconnaissance Company. RCT--Regimental Combat Team. RktBn--Rocket Battalion. ROK--Republic of Korea. SAC--Supporting Arms Center. SAR--Special Action Report. SCAJAP--Supreme Commander Allied Powers, Japan. ServBn--Service Battalion. SigBn--Signal Battalion. SigRepCo--Signal Repair Company (USA). SPBn--Shore Party Battalion. SpOpnsCo--Special Operations Company (USA). TAC--Tactical Air Coordinator. TAC X Corps--Tactical Air Command, X Corps. TacAir--Tactical Air. TADC--Tactical Air Direction Center. T-AP--Transport Operated by MSTS. T/E--Table of Equipment. TF--Task Force. TG--Task Group. T/O--Table of Organization. UDT--Underwater Demolitions Team. UF--Unit of fire. UN--United Nations. UNC--United Nations Command. USA--United States Army. USAF--United States Air Force. USMC--United States Marine Corps. USN--United States Navy. VMF--Marine fighter type aircraft (squadron). VMF(N)--Marine night fighter type aircraft, all-weather (squadron). VMO--Marine observation type aircraft (squadron). VMR--Marine transport type aircraft (squadron). WIA--Wounded in action. WP--White phosphorous. YMS--Motor Minesweeper. YTB--Harbor Tug, Big. YW--District Barge, Water (self-propelled).
APPENDIX B
Build-Up of 1st Marine Division (Reinf)
(Figures include Marine Corps and Navy, both officer and enlisted)
------------------------------+---------+----------+-------------+---------- Authorized by CMC ltr conf. |1st Prov | Main | 7th RCT | Total in Ser. 03C20550 of 25 Jul 54 | Marine | body | (sailed | Inchon- and CMC ltr conf. Ser. | Brigade | (sailed | from | Seoul 03A21250 of 4 Aug 50 |(sailed | San Diego|Mediterranean| area on ---------------------+--------+San Diego| 10–22 Aug| 16 Aug 50 |23 Sep 50 | |14 Jul 50| 50 | and San | [477] Units |Strength| arrived | arrived | Diego | | | Pusan, | Kobe | 28 Aug- | | | Korea | Japan | 2 Sep 50 | | |2 Aug 50)|28 Aug to | arrived | | | |10 Sep 50)| Inchon on | | | | | 21 Sep 50) | | | | | [476] | ---------------------+--------+---------+----------+-------------+---------- DIVISION | 22,343 | 4,770 | 12,195 | 5,336 | 20,218 +--------+---------+----------+-------------+---------- Hq Bn | 923 | 259 | 725 | | 860 Hq Co | (656)| (182)| | | Mp Co | (140)| (38)| | | RcnCo | (127)| (39)| | | 1st Serv Bn | 827 | 173 | 656 | | 785 1st Sig Bn | 960 | 249 | 591 | 116 | 661 1st MT Bn | 783 | 118 | 582 | 89 | 761 1st Ord Bn | 558 | 124 | 438 | | 518 1st Med Bn | 636 | 99 | 432 | 107 | 667 1st Tank Bn | 907 | 181 | 677 | 132 | 921 1st SP Bn | 755 | 188 | 357 | 196 | 836 1st Engr Bn | 1,180 | 218 | 815 | 163 | 969 11th Marines | 3,108 | 518 | 1,845 | 697 | 3,009 1st Marines | 3,902 | | 3,942 | | 3,393 5th Marines | 3,902 | 2,643 |[478]1,135| | 3,170 7th Marines | 3,902 | | | 3,836 | 3,666 +========+=========+==========+=============+========== FMF TROOPS | 3,969 | 554 | 3,167 | | 2,973 +--------+---------+----------+-------------+---------- 1st Armd Amph Bn | 526 | | 490 | | 1st Amph Trac Bn | 944 | 256 | 720 | | [479]842 1st Amph Trk Co | 245 | 77 | 166 | | 236 Btry C, 1st 4.5″ | 90 | | 89 | | 77 Rkt Bn | | | | | Carrier Plat FMF | 94 | | 84 | | 86 1st Comb Serv Grp | 1,434 | 109 | 1,120 | | 1,167 7th MT Bn | 431 | | 418 | | 410 1st Air Delivery Plat| 63 | | 62 | | 63 1st Fum & Bath Plat | 30 | | 18 | | 30 VMO 6 | 112 | 112 | | | 62 +========+=========+==========+=============+========== Total reinforced | 26,312 | 5,324 | 15,362 | 5,336 | 23,191 division | | | | | ---------------------+--------+---------+----------+-------------+----------
[476] Activated 17 Aug 50. The 3d Bn 6th Marines, in the Mediterranean, was assigned to the 7th Marines and, upon arrival in Kobe, Japan, on 3 Sept 50, was redesignated the 3d Bn 7th Marines. Augmentation personnel for this Battalion arrived in Kobe, Japan, on 14 Sept 50 on the USS _Thomas Jefferson_. The regimental commander and his staff arrived by air at Kobe on 6 Sept 50.
[477] Based on Division Personnel Periodic Report No. 1 covering the period 15–23 Sept 50. The following losses and gains during the period are reflected in this report:
_Net _Losses_ _Gains_ Loss_
KIA 118 Replacements 28 WIA 845 Returned to duty 160 MIA 14 ----- ----- Non-battle Cas 286 188 1,075 ----- 1,263
[478] Augmentation personnel for the 5th Marines (Reinf) already in Korea. The CO, 1st Marines was charged with the assembly and organization of the augmentation units for the 5th Marines (Reinf). Augmentation personnel were organized into three reinforced rifle companies. (The battalions of the 5th Marines in Korea contained only two rifle companies each.) The reinforced rifle companies were embarked together on one ship. Augmentation personnel for units of the Brigade, other than the 5th Marines, were attached to the reinforced rifle companies.
[479] The 1st Armored Amphibian Tractor Battalion was left in Kobe. In addition, at Kobe, were the Division Administrative Center and some 500 17-year olds, who, by order of SecNav, were removed from the troop list just before sailing for Inchon. As of 15 Sept 50 there were the following personnel of the 1st Marine Division (Reinf) at Kobe:
Key: _O_: Officers _E_: Enlisted
_Marine Corps_ _Navy_ _Total_ -------------- -------- ---------- _O_ _E_ _O_ _E_ _O_ _E_ 59 1,268 3 14 62 1,282
APPENDIX C
Task Organization of Marine Division for Inchon Landing
In order to present a concise picture of the Task Organization of the 1st Marine Division (Reinf), FMF, for the period of 1 August-7 October 1950, task organizations are presented for the following five conditions:
(1) Completion of mobilization of the Division (less 1st Provisional Marine Brigade and RCT-7) at Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California, 12 August.
(2) Organization for landing at INCHON, KOREA, 15 September.
(3) RCT-7 task organization on arrival INCHON, KOREA, 21 September.
(4) Intermediate temporary attachments and detachments during the period 15 September-7 October.
(5) Completion of INCHON-KIMPO-SEOUL operation on 7 October.
The detailed Task Organizations are as follows:
(1) Completion of Mobilization on WAR “K” series T/O, 12 August.
_1st Marine Division, (Reinf) FMF_ MajGen O. P. SMITH
HqBn, 1stMarDiv, less Brig Det LtCol M. T. STARR 1st SigBn, less Brig Det, 2 SP Comm Sects & Det Anglico Carrier Plat, FMF Maj R. L. SCHREIER 1st ServBn, less Brig Det LtCol C. L. BANKS 1st OrdBn, less Brig Det Maj L. O. WILLIAMS 1st MT Bn, less Cos A and D; 1st Amph Trk Co, FMF, less 1 Plat LtCol O. L. BEALL 1st Med Bn, less Cos A and E Comdr H. B. JOHNSON, USN 1st EngrBn, less Cos A and D LtCol J. H. PARTRIDGE 1st SP Bn, less Cos A and C LtCol H. P. CROWE 1st Tk Bn, less Cos A and D; Tk Plat AT Co, 1st Mar Tk Plat AT Co, 5th Mar LtCol H. T. MILNE 1st Amph Trac Bn, FMF, less Cos A and D LtCol E. F. WANN 1st Armd Amph Bn, FMF, less 1st Plat Co A and Cos C and D LtCol F. H. COOPER
1st CSG, SC, FMF, less BrigDet; 1st Fum & Bath Plat, SC, FMF 1st Aerial Del Plat, SC, FMF Col J. S. COOK 7th MT Bn, SC, FMF Maj J. F. STEPKA 1st Mar, less Tk Plat, AT Co; Cos C, F, and I, Reinf, 5th Mar Col L. B. PULLER 11th Mar, less 1st and 3rd Bns; Btry C, 1st 4.5″ Rkt Bn, FMF Col J. H. BROWER
(2) Organization for landing at INCHON, KOREA (1st Prov Mar Brig disbanded 13 September, units and detachments reverted control parent organizations of division). Task Organization from Annex “A”, 1st Mar Div Op Order 2-50 as derived from X Corps Op Order No. 1.
_1st Marine Division (Reinf) FMF_ MajGen O. P. SMITH
HqBn, Reinf, 1stMarDiv, less dets 163rd Mil Int Service Det 441st CIC Det 1st Sig Bn, Reinf, less dets; Det, 205th Sig Rep Co USA Carrier Plat, FMF Det, 4th Sig Bn, USA 1st Serv Bn, less Dets 1st MT Bn 1st Ord Bn, less dets Det, MTACS-2
_Blt-3, RCT-5_ LtCol R. D. TAPLETT
3dBn, 5th Mar Det, ANGLICO, 1st Sig Bn Det, Co A, 1st Tk Bn Recon Det, 11th Mar Team 1, SP Gp A 1stPlat, Co A, 1st SP Bn SP Comm Sqd, 1st Sig Bn Amm Sqd, 1st Ord Bn Det, Rat Sec, 1st Ser Bn Det, 1st CSG, (SP Aug) Det, Bchmstr Unit, USN
_RCT-5_ LtCol R. L. MURRAY
5th Mar, less 3dBn & Tk Plat, AT Co Co A, 1st Engr Bn Co C, 1st Med Bn Det Anglico, 1st Sig Bn ROK Marine Bn SP GP A, less Team 1; Co, A, 1st SP Bn, less 1 Plat Evac Sec, 1st SP Bn Det, Ord Sup Plat, CSG Det, Auto Sup Plat, CSG Det, Engr Sup Plat, CSG Det, CS Plat, CSG Det, Sig Sup Plat, CSG SP Comm Sec, 1st Sig Bn Det, 1st CSG (SP Aug) Det, Bchmstr Unit, USN 1st Traffic Plat, MP Co Police Sqd, MP Co FO & Ln Sec, 1st Bn, 11th Mar Co A, 1st Tk Bn, less det Det, Sig Co, 1st Sig Bn
_RCT-1_ Col L. B. PULLER
1st Mar, less Tk Plat, AT Co Co A, Reinf, 56th Amph Trac Bn, USA Btry C, 1st 4.5″ Rkt Bn, FMF Co C, Reinf, 1st Engr Bn, less det; Water Sup Sec Co D, 1st Med Bn, less det Det ANGLICO, 1st Sig Bn SP Gp B, less Team 3; Co B, 1st SP Bn, less 1 Plat & Equip Sec Evac Sec, 1st SP Bn Amm Plat, less 1 Sqd, 1st Ord Bn Rat Sec, 1st Ser Bn Fuel Sec, 1st Ser Bn SP Comm Sec, 1st Sig Bn
Det, Bchmstr Unit, USN Det, 1st CSG (SP Aug) 2d Traffic Plat, MP Co Police Sqd, MP Co FO & Ln Secs, 2d Bn, 11th Mar
_11th Mar, less 3d Bn, reinf_ Col J. H. BROWER
96th FA Bn, USA Det, Co B, 1st Engr Bn 1st Amph Trk Co, FMF
_1st Tk Bn, less dets, reinf_ LtCol H. T. MILNE
Tk Plat, AT Co, 1st Mar Tk Plat, AT Co, 5th Mar
_1st Engr Bn, less dets_ LtCol J. H. PARTRIDGE
_1st SP Bn, less dets_ LtCol H. P. CROWE
H&S Co, 1st SP Bn, less dets SP Comm Sec, 1st Sig Bn Team 3, SP Gp B 3d Plat, Co B, 1st SP Bn Equip Sec, Co B, 1st SP Bn SP Comm Sec, 1st Sig Bn Det, Ord Sup Plat, CSG Det, Auto Sup Plat, CSG Det, Engr Sup Plat, CSG Det, Sig Sup Plat, CSG Det, GS Plat, CSG Det, Depot Plat, CSG
_Rcn Co, 1st MAR Div_ Capt K. J. HOUGHTON
_1st Amph Trac Bn, FMF_ LtCol E. F. WANN
_VMO-6_ Maj V. J. GOTTSCHALK
_ROK Marine Regt_ (-) Col SHIN, KMC
_2d Engr Spec Brig reinf_ Col J. TWITTY, USA
1st CSG, SC, FMF, less dets 1st Fum & Bath Plat 1st Aerial Del Plat Naval Beach Gp 1, less dets 7th MT Bn, SC, FMF 73d Engr (C) Bn, USA 50th Engr Port Const Co, USA 65th Ord Amm Co, USA
(3) RCT-7 Task Organization on landing at INCHON, KOREA, 21 September. Attachments reverted to parent control on arrival assembly areas.
_RCT-7_ Col H. L. LITZENBERG
7th Mar 3d Bn, 11th Mar Co D, 1st MT Bn Co D, 1st Tk Bn Co D, 1st Engr Bn Co E, 1st Med Bn Co C, 1st SP Bn Det, 1st Sig Bn (ANGLICO & 2 SP Comm Sec)
(4) Intermediate temporary attachments and detachments during the period 15 September-7 October.
18 Sept--32nd RCT USA attached 1st Mar Div
19 Sep--SpOpnsCo USA attchd 1st Mar Div 32nd RCT detached 1st MarDiv reverted to 7th Inf Div
23 Sep--17th ROK Regt attchd 1st Mar Div 17th ROK Regt detached 1st Mar Div
24 Sep--3d Bn, 187th Airborne RCT USA Attchd 1st Mar Div 3d Bn, KMC Regt detached 1st Mar Div attached 3d Bn, 187th AB RCT 1st Amph Trac Bn, FMF, less 3 Cos, detached 1st Mar Div attchd 7th Inf Div Co A, 1st Amph Tk and Trac Bn, USA, detached 1st Mar Div attchd 7th Inf Div
25 Sept--3d Bn, 187th AB RCT detached 1st Mar Div, attchd X Corps 3d Bn, KMC Regt det 3d Bn, 187th AB RCT attchd 1st MarDiv 161st KMC Bn (redesignated 5th KMC Bn) attchd 1st Mar Div Sp Opns Co, USA detached 1st Mar Div, attchd 3d Bn, 187th AB RCT
26 Sep--3d Bn KMC Regt detached 1st Mar Div, attchd 187th AB RCT (TF ABLE)
29 Sep--1st Amph Trac Bn, less 3d Cos, detached 7th Inf Div attchd 1st Mar Div 96th FA Bn, USA detached 1st Mar Div
30 Sep--50th AAA(AW)Bn attached 1st Mar Div
3 Oct--50th AAA(AW)Bn detached 1st Mar Div
(5) Completion of INCHON-SEOUL operation, 7 October, and prior to mounting out at INCHON.
_1st Marine Division Reinf, FMF_ MajGen O. P. SMITH
HqBn, 1st MarDiv 163d MISD 441st CIC Civ Asst Team LtCol M. T. STARR
1st Sig Bn Carrier Plat, FMF Maj R. L. SCHREIER
1st Serv Bn LtCol C. L. BANKS
1st Ord Bn Maj L. O. WILLIAMS
1st MT Bn 1st Amph Trk Co, FMF LtCol O. L. BEALL
1st Tk Bn LtCol H. T. MILNE
1st Med Bn Comdr H. B. JOHNSON, USN
1st SP Bn LtCol H. P. CROWE
1st Engr Bn LtCol J. H. PARTRIDGE
1st Mar Col L. B. PULLER
5th Mar LtCol R. L. MURRAY
7th Mar Col H. L. LITZENBERG
11th Mar Btry C, 1st 4.5″ Rkt Bn, FMF Col J. H. BROWER
1st Amph Trac Bn, FMF less Co D LtCol E. F. WANN
1st Armd Amph Bn, FMF less Cos C & D LtCol F. H. COOPER
7th MT Bn, SC, FMF Maj J. F. STEPKA
1st CSG, SC, FMF less dets; 1st Fum & Bath Plat 1st Aerial Del Plat Col J. S. COOK
APPENDIX D
Supplies and Equipment for Inchon
1st Marine Division Embarkation Order 1-50 of 31 August 1950 provided that the following supplies and equipment would be embarked in assigned shipping:
a. Class I
(1) Rations: 30 days as follows:
For attached Army units and 5th Marines (Reinf) Individual Assault Type C 5 days (Combat Unit Loaded) ( 5 days) Operational Type B 25 days (Unit Loaded) (25 days) PX Accessories Pack 30 days (Combat Unit Loaded) ( 5 days) (Unit Loaded) (10 days) (Convoy Loaded) (15 days)
For 1st Marine Division (Reinf) (Less Army elements and 5th Marines (Reinf)) 5 days Operational Type B (Convoy Loaded) Food Packet, Individual Assault 1A1 2 days (In hands of individuals) (1 day) Individual Combat, Type C 10 days (Combat Unit Loaded) ( 5 days) (Unit Loaded) ( 5 days) PX Accessories Pack 30 days (Combat Unit Loaded) ( 5 days) (Unit Loaded) (10 days) (Convoy Loaded) (15 days) Small Detachment 5 in 1 Type 5 days (Unit Loaded) ( 5 days) Individual Combat Type C (Convoy Loaded-Corps Reserve) 150,000 Rations (In hands of 1st Serv Bn)
(2) Water
(a) All water containers filled, not less than 5 gallons per man combat loaded; 5 gallons per man to be unit loaded.
(b) Assault Elements: 2 filled canteens per individual.
(c) Others: 1 filled canteen.
b. Class II
(1) Essential Class II items as determined by unit commanders. Vehicles to be loaded on priority basis within available space.
(2) Initial (less chemical warfare) in hands of units.
(3) Chemical warfare in hands of 1st Serv Bn.
(4) 30 day replenishment in hands of appropriate service units.
(5) All distillation units to have high priority for unloading.
(6) No special services gear to be lifted in assault shipping.
(7) Tentage: not to exceed 10% of T/E allowance.
(8) Other Class II in accordance AdOrder 2-50.
c. Class III
(1) Vehicle tanks ¼ full. Jeeps-1 filled expeditionary can (5 gal); all other vehicles: 2 filled cans (5 gal each).
(2) Replenishment 30 days Assault units: (Combat Unit Load) (15 days) (Unit Load) (15 days) Other Units: (Combat Unit Load) ( 5 days) (Unit Load) (25 days)
d. Class IV
(1) In accordance with AdOrder 2-50.
e. Class V--5 units of fire
(1) Assault Units (Combat Unit Load) ( 2 U/F) (Unit Load) ( 3 U/F) (2) Other than Assault Units (Combat Unit Load) ( 1 U/F) (Unit Load) ( 4 U/F) (3) Flame thrower fuel 15 U/F (Combat Unit Load) ( 5 U/F) (Unit Load) (10 U/F)
APPENDIX E
Task Organization Joint Task Force Seven
JOINT TASK FORCE SEVEN VAdm Arthur D. Struble
Task Force 90--Attack Force RAdm James H. Doyle 92.1 Landing Force MajGen Oliver P. Smith 1st Marine Division (Reinforced)
92.11 Regimental Combat Team 1 Col Lewis B. Puller 92.11.1 Battalion Landing Team 1, 1st Marines LtCol Jack Hawkins 92.11.2 Battalion Landing Team 2, 1st Marines LtCol Alan Sutter 92.11.3 Battalion Landing Team 3, 1st Marines LtCol Thomas L. Ridge
92.12 Regimental Combat Team 5 LtCol Raymond L. Murray 92.12.1 Battalion Landing Team 1, 5th Marines LtCol George R. Newton 92.12.2 Battalion Landing Team 2, 5th Marines LtCol Harold R. Roise
90.00 Flagship Element _Mount McKinley_ AGC Capt Carter A. Printup _Eldorado_ (RAdm Lyman K. Thackrey embarked) AGC Capt Joseph B. Stefanac 90.01 Tactical Air Control Element Tactical Air Squadron 1 Cdr Theophilus H. Moore 90.02 Naval Beach Group Element Capt Watson T. Singer 90.02.1 Headquarters Unit 90.02.2 Beachmaster Unit LCdr Martin C. Sibitzky 90.02.3 Boat Unit 1 LCdr Herman E. Hock 90.02.4 Amphibious Construction Battalion LCdr M. Ted Jacobs, Jr. 90.02.5 Underwater Demolition Team Unit LCdr David F. Welch
90.03 Control Element LCdr Clyde Allmon _Diachenko_ APD LCdr James R. Wilson 90.03.1 Control Unit Red LCdr Ralph H. Schneeloch, Jr. _Horace A. Bass_ APD LCdr Alan Ray 90.03.2 Control Unit Green Lt Reuben W. Berry PCEC 896 PCEC Lt Reuben W. Berry 90.03.3 Control Unit Blue Lt Theodore B. Clark _Wantuck_ APD LCdr John B. Thro
90.04 Administrative Element Capt Virginius R. Roane 90.04.1 Service Unit _Consolation_ AH Capt Charles M. Ryan 12 LSU (plus additional LSUs on arrival) 12-20 LSU 90.04.2 Repair and Salvage Unit Cdr Emmanuel T. Goyette _Lipan_ LCdr Howard K. Smith _Cree_ Lt George E. Poore _Arikara_ 3 ATF LCdr Kenneth A. Mundy _Conserver_ ARS Lt James L. Thompson _Askari_ ARL LCdr Robert J. Siegelman YTB 406 YTB _Gunston Hall_ Cdr Charles W. Musgrave _Fort Marion_ Cdr Noah Adair, Jr. _Comstock_ 3 LSD Cdr Emmanuel T. Goyette 90.1 Advance Attack Group Capt Norman W. Sears 92.12.3 Advance Landing Force Unit Battalion Landing Team 3 LtCol Robert D. Taplett 5th Marines 90.11 Transport Element Capt Norman W. Sears _Fort Marion_ Cdr Noah Adair, Jr. 3 LSU embarked 90.11.1 Transport Unit Cdr Selden C. Small _Horace A. Bess_ LCdr Alan Ray _Diachenko_ LCdr James R. Wilson _Wantuck_ LCdr John B. Thro 90.2 Transport Group Capt Virginius R. Roane _George Clymer_ Capt Raymond S. Lamb _Cavalier_ Capt Daniel J. Sweeney _Pickaway_ Capt Samuel H. Crittenden, Jr. _Henrico_ Capt John E. Fradd _Noble_ 5 APA Capt Michael F. D. Flaherty _Union_ Capt Gerald D. Zurmuchlen _Alshain_ Capt Robert N. S. Clark _Achernar_ Capt Crutchfield Adair _Oglethorpe_ Capt Paul F. Heerbrandt _Seminole_ Capt Henry Farrow _Thuban_ Cdr Erle V. Dennett _Whiteside_ Capt Eugene L. Lugibihl _Washburn_ 8 AKA Capt James A. Prichard _President Jackson_ AP Capt Charles A. Ferriter _Gunston Hall_[A] Cdr Charles W. Musgrave _Comstock_[A] Cdr Emmanuel T. Goyette
90.3 Tractor Group Capt Robert C. Peden LST 611 Lt Delmar E. Blevins LST 715 Lt Willie J. Gros LST 742 Lt Robert B. Leonnig LST 802 Lt Vladimir Fedorowicz LST 845 Lt John F. Butler LST 1048 Lt Rayburn M. Quinn LST 1123 Lt Charles L. Wall LST 1134 Lt William B. Faris LST 1138 Lt Mike Stapleton LST 857 Lt Dick Weidemeyer LST 859 Lt Leland Tinsley LST 898 Lt Robert M. Beckley LST 914 Lt Ralph L. Holzhaus LST 973 Lt Robert I. Trapp LST 799 Lt Trumond E. Houston LST 883 Lt Charles M. Miller LST 975 17 LST Lt Arnold W. Harer SCAJAP LSTs 30 LST LSM 419 LSM Lt John R. Bradley
90.4 Transport Division 14 Capt Samuel G. Kelly (7th RCT U. S. Marines and MAG 33 embarked; did not arrive Inchon until 21 Sept.) _Bayfield_ Capt William E. Ferrall _Okanogan_ Capt Timothy F. Donohue _Bexar_ Capt Clarence E. Coffin, Jr. _Thomas Jefferson_ 4 APA Capt Tyrrell D. Jacobs _Algol_ Capt John A. Edwards _Winston_ Capt Jack Maginnis _Montague_ 3 AKA Capt Henry P. Wright, Jr. _Catamount_ Cdr Kenneth Loveland _Colonial_ 2 LSD Cdr Thomas J. Greene
90.5 Air Support Group RAdm Richard W. Ruble 90.51 CVE Element RAdm Richard W. Ruble Badoeng Strait Capt Arnold W. McKechnie Sicily 2 CVE Capt John S. Thach 90.52 CVE Screen Cdr Byron L. Gurnette _Hanson_ DDR Cdr Cecil R. Welte _Taussig_ Cdr William C. Meyer _George K. MacKenzie_ Cdr William R. Laird, Jr. _Ernest G. Small_ 3 DD Cdr Franklin C. Snow
90.6 Gunfire Support Group RAdm John M. Higgins
90.61 Cruiser Element RAdm John M. Higgins 90.6.2 Fire Support Unit 1 RAdm John M. Higgins _Toledo_ Capt Richard F. Stout _Rochester_ Capt Edward L. Woodyard _HMS Kenya_ Capt P. W. Brock, RN _HMS Jamaica_ Capt J. S. C. Salter, D.S.O., O.B.E., RN
90.62 Destroyer Element Capt Halle C. Allan, Jr. 90.6.2 Fire Support Unit 2 Capt Halle C. Allan, Jr. _Mansfield_ Cdr Edwin H. Headland _De Haven_ Cdr Oscar B. Lungren _Lyman K. Swenson_ 3 DD Cdr Robert A. Schelling
90.63 Fire Support Unit 3 Cdr Robert H. Close _Collett_ Cdr Robert H. Close _Gurke_ Cdr Frederick M. Radel _Henderson_ Cdr William S. Stewart
90.63 LSMR Element Cdr Clarence T. Doss, Jr. 90.6.4 Fire Support Unit 4 Cdr Clarence T. Doss, Jr. LSMR 401 LCdr Melvin E. Bustard, Jr. LSMR 403 Lt Frank G. Schettino LSMR 404 3 LSMR Lt George M. Wrocklage
90.7 Screening and Protective Group Capt Richard T. Spofford _Rowan_ DD Cdr Alan R. Josephson _Southerland_ DDR Cdr Homer E. Conrad _Bayonne_ LCdr Harry A. Clark _Newport_ LCdr Percy A. Lilly, Jr. _Evansville_ LCdr Elliot V. Converse, Jr. _HMS Mounts Bay_ Capt J. H. Unwin, D. S. C., RN _HMS Whitesand Bay_ LCdr J. V. Brothers, RN _HMNZS Tutira_ LCdr P. J. H. Hoare, RNZN _HMNZS Pukaki_ 7 PF LCdr L. E. Herrick, D. S. C., RNZN _RFS La Grandiere_ 8 PF Cdr Urbain E. Cabanie _Pledge_ AM Lt Richard Young _Partridge_ Lt(jg) Robert C. Fuller, Jr. _Mockingbird_ Lt(jg) Stanley P. Gary _Kite_ Lt(jg) Nicholas Grkovic _Osprey_ Lt(jg) Philip Levin _Redhead_ Lt(jg) T. R. Howard _Chatterer_ 6 AMS Lt(jg) James P. McMahon
90.8 Second Echelon Movement Group Capt Louis D. Sharp, Jr. 92.2 7th Infantry Division (Reinforced) _General G. M. Randall_ Capt Alexander C. Thorington _General J. C. Breckinridge_ Capt Fremont B. Eggers _General H. W. Butner_ 3 AP Capt Dale E. Collins _Fred C. Ainsworth_ _General Leroy Eltinge_ _Aiken Victory_ _Private Sadao S. Munemoi_ 4 T-AP _SS African Rainbow_ _SS African Pilot_ _SS Robin Kirk_ _SS Helen Lykes_ _SS Meredith Victory_ _SS Empire Marshall_ _SS Mormacport_ _SS Lawrence Victory_ _SS Southwind_ _SS Beaver Victory_ _SS Robin Goodfellow_ _SS California Bear_
90.9 Third Echelon Movement Group Capt Albert E. Jarrell X Corps troops _General William A. Mann_ AP Capt Charles H. Walker _General William Weigel_ _Marine Phoenix_ 2 T-AP _SS Robin Trent_ _SS Dolly Turman_ _SS Charles Lykes_ _SS Twin Falls Victory_ _SS American Veteran_ _SS American Attorney_ _SS Empire Wallace_ _SS Green Bay Victory_ _SS P. & T. Navigator_ _SS Luxembourg Victory_ _SS Belgium Victory_ _SS Bessemer Victory_ _SS Cotton State_
91 Blockade and Covering Force RAdm Sir William G. Andrewes, K. B. E., C. B., D. S. O., RN _HMS Triumph_ CVL Capt A. D. Torlesse, D. S. O., RN _HMS Ceylon_ CL Capt C. F. J. L. Davies, D. S. C., RN _HMS Cockade_ LtCdr H. J. Lee, D. S. C., RN _HMS Charity_ LtCdr P. R. G. Worth, D. S. C., RN _HMCS Cayuga_ Capt Jeffry V. Brock, D. S. C., RCN _HMCS Sioux_ Cdr P. D. Taylor, RCN _HMCS Athabaskan_ Cdr R. T. Welland, D. S. C., RCN _HMAS Bataan_ Cdr W. B. M. Marks, RAN _HMAS Warramunga_ Cdr O. H. Becher, D. S. C., RAN _HNethMS Evertsen_ 8 DD LtCdr D. J. Van Doorninck
ROK NAVAL FORCES Cdr Michael J. Luosey, USN
_Paik Doo San_ (PC 701) Cdr Chai Yong Nam, ROKN _Kum Kang San_ (PC 702) Cdr Lee Hi Jong, ROKN _Chi Ri San_ (PC 704) 4 PC LCdr Hyun Sibak, ROKN YMS 302 YMS 303 YMS 306 YMS 307 YMS 501 YMS 502 YMS 503 YMS 510 YMS 512 YMS 515 YMS 518 11 YMS
TASK FORCE 77--FAST CARRIER GROUP RAdm Edward C. Ewen (in _Philippine Sea_)
Carrier Division 1 RAdm Edward C. Ewen _Philippine Sea_ CV Capt Willard K. Goodney Carrier Division 3 RAdm John M. Hoskins _Valley Forge_ CV Capt Lester K. Rice Carrier Division 5 _Boxer_ CV Capt Cameron Briggs 77.1 Support Group Capt Harry H. Henderson _Worcester_ Capt Harry H. Henderson 77.2 Screen Group Capt Charles W. Parker DesDiv 31 Capt Charles W. Parker _Shelton_ Cdr Charles B. Jackson, Jr. _James E. Kyes_ Cdr Fran M. Christiansen _Eversole_ 3 DD Cdr Charles E. Phillips _Higbee_ DDR Cdr Elmer Moore DesDiv 111 Capt Jeane R. Clark _Wiltsie_ Cdr Carrol W. Brigham _Theodore E. Chandler_ Cdr William J. Collum, Jr. _Hamner_ 3 DD Cdr Jack J. Hughes _Chevalier_ DDR Cdr Blake B. Booth DesDiv 112 Capt Bernard F. Roeder _Ozbourn_ Cdr Charles O. Akers _Mc Kean_ Cdr Harry L. Reiter, Jr. _Hollister_ 3 DD Cdr Hugh W. Howard _Frank Knox_ DDR Cdr Sam J. Caldwell, Jr. CortRon 1 _Fletcher_ Cdr W. M. Lowry _Radford_ 2 DDE Cdr Elvin C. Ogle
TASK FORCE 79--COMMANDER SERVICE SQUADRON 3 Capt Bernard L. Austin
79.1 Mobile Logistic Service Group Capt John G. McClaughry _Cacapon_ (Initially) Capt John G. McClaughry _Passumpsic_ (Initially) 2 AO Capt Frank I. Winant, Jr. _Mount Katmai_ AE Capt Albert S. Carter _Graffias_ AF Capt William W. Fitts 79.2 Objective Area Logistic Group Capt Philip H. Ross _Navasota_ (Initially) AO Capt Robert O. Strange _Virgo_ AKA Capt Philip H. Ross _Grainger_ AK Cdr Horace C. Laird, Jr. _Hewell_ Lt Stanley Jaworski _Ryer_ Lt Gurley P. Chatelain _Estero_ 3 AKL Lt Tom Watson 79.3 Logistic Support Group Capt Bernard L. Austin _Piedmont_ Capt James R. Topper _Dixie_ 2 AD Capt Jose M. Cabanillas _Kermit Roosevelt_ ARG Cdr Lester C. Conwell _Jason_ ARH Capt William B. Epps _Cimarron_ AO Capt Stanley G. Nichols _Warrick_ Capt George Fritschmann _Uvalde_ 2 AKA Capt Louis F. Teuscher _Nemasket_ AOG Lt Harry F. Dixon _Karin_ AF LCdr Berley L. Maddox 79.4 Salvage and Maintenance Group _Mataco_ ATF Lt Frank P. Wilson _Bolster_ ARS Lt Billis L. Whitworth
TASK FORCE 99--PATROL AND RECONNAISSANCE FORCE RAdm George R. Henderson
_Curtiss_ AV Capt Anson C. Perkins _Gardiners Bay_ AVP Capt Frank G. Raysbrook _Salisbury Sound_ AV Capt Francis R. Jones 99.1 Search and Reconnaissance Group Capt Joseph M. Carson 99.11 Patrol Squadron 6 Cdr Arthur F. Farwell, Jr. 99.12 88th Squadron RAF Squadron Leader P. Helme 99.13 209th Squadron RAF Squadron Leader P. Le Cheminant 99.2 Patrol and Escort Group Capt Joseph M. Carson 99.21 Patrol Squadron 42 Cdr Gordon F. Smale 99.22 Patrol Squadron 47 Cdr Joe H. Arnold
[A] 3 LSU embarked
APPENDIX F
Final Troop List of Division for the Inchon Landing
Below, as nearly as can be determined, is the troop list of the 1st Marine Division (Reinf) for the Inchon Landing. The list is correct as to units included, but it has been difficult to reconcile the totals given for units.
_Unit_ _Actual Strength_ Headquarters Bn 916 1st Serv Bn 873 1st Sig Bn [480]652 1st MT Bn 686 1st Med Bn 566 1st Am Trk Co 244 1st Ord Bn 533 1st Shore Party Bn [481]648 1st Engr Bn 1,038 1st Tank Bn [482]811 11th Marines [483]2,360 1st Marines 3,850 5th Marines 3,611 7th Marines 0 1st Am Trac Bn 868 1st CSG [484]1,291 7th MT Bn 430 Det MTACS-2 55 VMO-6 62 ------- Total Marine Corps and Navy 19,494 ------- Korean MC Regt 2,786 ------- Co A, 56th Am Trac Bn, USA 151 Hq Det, USA 38 Sig Det, USA 37 96th FA Bn, USA 388 2d Engr Spec Brig, USA 952 73d Engr (c) Bn, USA 724 50th Engr Port Const Co., USA 214 65th Ord Amm Co., USA 256 ------ Total U. S. Army 2,760 ------ Grand Total 25,040
[480] Includes Carrier Platoon, FMF.
[481] Includes Detachments of Naval Beach Group 1.
[482] Includes Anti-Tank Platoons of the Antitank Companies of the 1st and 5th Marines.
[483] Includes Battery C, 1st 4.5″ Rocket Bn, FMF.
[484] Includes 1st Fumigation and Bath Plat., FMF; 1st Aerial Delivery Plat., FMF; and Naval Beach Group 1 (less dets. with the 1st Shore Party Bn).
_Distribution of Units of the Division Not Participating in the Inchon Landing_
The following units of the Division, distributed as indicated, did not
## participate in the Inchon Landing:
Key: _O_: Officers _E_: Enlisted _Marine Corps_ _Navy_ _Total_ -------------- -------- ---------- _O_ _E_ _O_ _E_ _O_ _E_
RCT-7, en route to the Far East. 233 4,905 21 224 254 5,129
Administrative Center Pusan, Korea 9 172 1 9 173
Division Administrative Center, 1st Armd Amph TracBn, 17-year-olds and casuals at Kobe, Japan 59 1,268 3 14 62 1,282 ------------------------------------ Total 301 6,345 24 239 325 6,584
APPENDIX G
Summary of Operation Orders Issued by 1st Marine Division for the Inchon-Seoul Campaign
1-50 9 Aug 50 Movement of the Division to the Far East
2-50 4 Sep 50 Inchon Landing
3-50 15 Sep 50 (2328) Seizure of Objective O-3 short of the FBHL
4-50 16 Sep 50 (1045) Seizure of FBHL
5-50 16 Sep 50 (1600) Capture of Kimpo Airfield. Prepare to seize Corps Phase Line C-C
6-50 18 Sep 50 (1814) Seizure and preparation of crossing of Han River by 5th Marines. 1st Marines to continue attack relieved on the right (south) flank by the 32nd Infantry now attached to 1st MarDiv
7-50 19 Sep 50 (1430) Crossing of the Han River by the 5th Marines and uncovering crossing sites by 1st Marines
8-50 20 Sep 50 Continuation of attack by 5th Marines toward Seoul to uncover the northern approaches of the main Seoul bridge sites. Continuation of attack by 1st Marines to seize the southern and western approaches and the Seoul bridge sites, prepared to cross the Han River in that vicinity
9-50 23 Sep 50 (1200) Continuation of attack by 1st Marines to seize high ground south of the road and rail bridges leading to Seoul prepared to cross the Han River. Continuation of attack by 5th Marines to uncover the bridge sites. Crossing of the Han River at Haengju by the 7th Marines to seize objectives covering the north flank of the Division
10-50 23 Sep 50 (2200) Crossing of the Han River by the 1st Marines. Continuation of the attack by the 5th Marines. 7th Marines to continue or Mission assigned by 1st MarDiv OpnO 9-50
11-50 24 Sep 50 (2400) Continuation of the attack with all three regiments to capture Seoul and the high ground north thereof
12-50 26 Sep 50 (1230) Continuation of the attack to capture Seoul. Boundary between 5th and 7th Marines changed to pinch out 5th Marines beyond the Government Palace. The 7th Marines to make an enveloping attack from the northwest
13-50 29 Sep 50 (2000) Continuation of the attack to the east to secure Seoul and conduct a reconnaissance in force to the northwest prepared to relieve elements of the 7th Infantry Division north of the Han River. Seizure of prescribed Corps blocking positions
14-50 30 Sep 50 (1500) Continuation of the attack and prescription of blocking positions to be occupied by the Division
15-50 5 Oct 50 Movement of the Division to staging area in the vicinity of Inchon in anticipation of the move in assault shipping to Wonsan
APPENDIX H
Enemy Units During the Inchon-Seoul Campaign
The enemy’s method of operation, except for a brief determined stand near and in Seoul, consisted of moderate to strong delaying actions. The first reaction following the initial disorganization at Inchon was an attempt to contain our advance until such time as sufficient reinforcements could arrive to warrant initiating a counteroffensive. In view of the scarcity of reinforcements and our own rapid advances, this never materialized.
The Order of Battle of the units which opposed the advance of the Division from the time of the landing at Inchon until the capture of Uijongbu, north of Seoul, is given below:
--------------+--------+-------------+--------+------------------------ Unit | POWs | Area of |Strength| Remarks |captured| employment | | --------------+--------+-------------+--------+------------------------ 226th Marine | 183 |Inchon | 2,000 |In the Inchon area Regt | | | | prior to the landing. | | | | Newly conscripted | | | | and poorly trained. | | | | 918th (Coast) | 2(?) | do | 200 |In the Inchon area prior Art Regt | | | | to the landing. 8 76mm (Elements). | | | | guns. Wiped out or | | | | scattered by naval and | | | | air bombardment. | | | | Air Force | 91 |Kimpo | [485] |When out troops Division | | Airfield | | approached the | | | | airfield area part | | | | of the personnel from | | | | this unit withdrew | | | | across the Han River. | | | | 42d Mech | 11 |Between | 500 |Arrived in Seoul from (Tank) Regt | | Inchon and | | Sinuiju in early Sept. | | Seoul. | | 18 T-34 tanks. | | | | | | | | 107th Security| 270 |Kimpo Area | 2,500 |In the Kimpo area when Regt | | | | we landed. A | | | | quasi-military | | | | organization. | | | | Rehabilitation| 16 |West of | 230 |This unit was organized Bn (Special | | Yongdungpo.| | on 19 Sept and contained Cultural) | | | | NK prisoners serving Bn. | | | | sentence in Seoul. | | | | Officers were also | | | | former prisoners. Most | | | | were serving sentence | | | | for desertion. | | | | 3d Regt, 9th | 23 |Yongdungpo | 2,000 |Remainder of the division Rifle Div | | | | on the southern front. | | | | 25th Inf Brig | 179 |Seoul |4,000- | Arrived from Chorwon on | | | 5,000 | 20 Sept. An excellent | | | | unit which opposed the | | | | 5th Marines on the | | | | western approaches | | | | to Seoul. | | | | 18th Rifle Div| 301 |Seoul and |8,000- |Arrived from Chorwon in | | Yongdungpo.| 10,000| mid-August. Known as | | | | the Seoul Defense | | | | Division. It was the | | | | only unit of division | | | | strength in the area. | | | | 43d Tank Regt | 56 |Seoul | 500 |Arrived from Wonsan 23 | | | | Sept. 10–15 T-34 | | | | tanks. | | | | 19th AA Regt | 5 | do | 1,200 |In Seoul when we landed. | | | | 37mm, 85mm, and 12.7mm | | | | AT guns. | | | | 76th Ind Regt,| 218 | do | 3,000 |Arrived from Wonsan after 42d Div | | | | 17 Sept. Was opposite | | | | the 5th Marines but | | | | withdrew from Seoul | | | | almost intact. | | | | 78th Ind Regt | 528 | do | 2,000 |Arrived from Sariwon on | | | | 20 Sept. Opposed the | | | | 5th and 1st Marines. | | | | Put up stubborn defense | | | | and suffered heavy | | | | losses. | | | | 513th Art Regt| 33 | do | 1,500 |Arrived from Chorwon on | | | | 23 Sept. 1 76mm and 5 | | | | 45mm guns. Most of | | | | the regiment served | | | | as infantry. | | | | 10th Railroad | 17 | do | 900 |In Seoul when we landed. Regt. | | | | Its mission was to | | | | maintain the security | | | | of the railroad lines | | | | and keep them in | | | | operation. It | | | | participated in the | | | | defense of Seoul. | | | | 31st Rifle | 345 | do | 3,600 |In Seoul when we landed. Div/or Seoul| | | | Formed as a division City Regt. | | | | on 20 Sept by an | | | | amalgamation of units | | | | in Seoul. Participated | | | | in the defense of Seoul | | | | and delayed our advance | | | | north to Uijongbu. | | | | 36th Bn, 111th| 32 | do | 750 |In Seoul when we landed. Security | | | | Regt | | | | | | | | 2d Regt 17th | 41 |Seoul- | 3,500 |Withdrawn from the Rifle Div | | Uijongbu | | southern front after (Reinforced)| | | | the landing at | | | | Inchon. | | | | 75th Ind Regt.| 16 |Uijongbu | 2,000 |Arrived from Hamhung on | | | | 30 Sept. Used as a | | | | covering force to | | | | cover the withdrawal | | | | through Uijongbu. | | | | 27th Inf Brig.| 123 |Suyuhyon | 5,000 |Arrived from Kumchon on | | | | 1 Oct. Withdrew in | | | | the face of the | | | | advance of the 5th | | | | Marines to Suyuhyon, | | | | 17 miles northwest | | | | of Seoul. | | | | Total Enemy Strength 44,380
[485] Unknown.
A total of 428 prisoners interrogated did not know enough of their own units to be further identified. Approximately 1,000 prisoners were not interrogated due to the heavy initial influx.
Prisoners were captured from some 24 units not listed above, but the number of prisoners captured from individual units was not sufficient to accept the presence of the unit. Further, many of these POWs were deserters or wounded from the southern front.
The identification, by date, of North Korean units opposing the 1st Marine Division is indicated below:
15 September 226th Ind Marine Regt 2,000 defending Wolmi-do (2 Bns). and Inchon 918th Art Regt (2 Cos) 200 defending Wolmi-do
16 September 18th Rifle Div (Opposing 300 POWs and 1,350 1st Marines) enemy casualties for the first two days, 15 and 16 Sep
17 September 42d Mech (Tank) Regt Lost 14 T-34 tanks (Opposing 1st Marines) 107th Security Regt 400 POWs and 350 enemy (Kimpo) (Opposing casualties KMC & 5th Marines)
18 September NK Air Force EngBn 197 POWs and 450 enemy (Opposing 5th Marines) casualties
19 September No additional 126 POWs and 600 enemy identifications on casualties fronts of 1st and 5th Marines
20 September 78th Ind Regt (Opposing 326 POWs and 600 enemy 5th Marines) No casualties additional identifications on front of 1st Marines
21 September No additional identifications 355 POWs and 1,350 enemy casualties
22 September Rehabilitation Bn (Opposing 395 POWs and 1,250 1st Marines). casualties 25th Inf Brig (Opposing 5th Marines) 31st Rifle Div (Seoul City Regt) (Opposing 5th Marines)
23 September No additional identifications 169 POWs and 900 casualties
24 September do 67 POWs and 950 casualties
25 September do 142 POWs and 1,750 casualties
26 September 76th Ind Regt 407 POWs and 950 43d Tank Regt casualties 19th AA Regt 513th Art Regt 17th Rifle Div (Opposing 1st & 5th Marines)
27 September No additional identifications 139 POWs and 1,252 casualties
28 September do 206 POWs and 332 casualties
29 September do 507 POWs and 102 casualties
30 September do 328 POWs and 305 casualties
1 October do 124 POWs and 75 casualties
2 October 27th Inf Brig (Opposing 5th 82 POWs and 350 casualties Marines) 75th Ind Regt (Opposing 7th Marines)
3 October No additional identifications 103 POWs and 800 casualties
4 October do 118 POWs
5 October do 57 POWs
6 October do 144 POWs
In the above tabulation, a unit is shown only for the first day upon which it was identified by the capture of prisoners. In the cases of most of the units there were recurring captures of prisoners.
APPENDIX I
Congratulatory Messages
The following messages, of a commendatory nature, were transmitted to the 1st Marine Division by the X Corps upon completion of the Inchon-Seoul Campaign.
_From CG, X Corps to CG, 1st Marine Division under date of 28 September 1950_
“On this date the X Corps attained one of its distinct objectives--the securing of the city of Seoul. In recognition of the heroic efforts of the officers and men of the 1st Marine Division I extend my deepest thanks and my continuing admiration for a task well done.” Signed Edward M. Almond, Major General, United States Army, Commanding.
_From the President to General MacArthur_
“I know that I speak for the entire American people when I send you my warmest congratulations on the victory which has been achieved under your leadership in Korea. Few operations in military history can match either the delaying action where you traded space; for time in which to build up your forces, or the brilliant maneuver which has now resulted in the liberation of Seoul. I am particularly impressed by the splendid cooperation of our Army, Navy, and Air Force. I wish you would extend my thanks and congratulations to the commanders of those services--Lieutenant General Walton H. Walker, Vice Admiral Charles T. Joy and Lieutenant General George E. Stratemeyer. The unification of our arms established by you and by them has set a shining example. My thanks and the thanks of the people of all the free nations go out to your gallant forces--soldiers, sailors, Marines and airmen--from the United States and the other countries fighting for freedom under the United Nations Banner. I salute you all, and say to all of you from all of us at home, ‘well and nobly done.’” Signed Harry S. Truman.
_From the Joint Chiefs of Staff to General MacArthur_
“The Joint Chiefs of Staff are proud of the great successes you have achieved. We realize that they would have been impossible without brilliant and audacious leadership and without the full coordination and the fighting spirit of all forces and all arms. From the sudden initiation of hostilities you have exploited to the utmost all capabilities and opportunities. Your transition from defensive to offensive operations was magnificently planned, timed, and executed. You have given new inspiration to the freedom-loving peoples of the world. We remain completely confident that the great task entrusted to you by the United Nations will be carried to a successful conclusion.”
_From CG, X Corps to all units of the X Corps under date of 2 October 1950_
“It is desired that this message be disseminated to all members of your command. The achievements of the U. N. forces comprising the X Corps should be a pride and inspiration to all who participated in the recent operations so successfully concluded and which resulted in the liberation of Seoul, the capital city of Korea. Your efforts have greatly contributed in freeing the Republic of Korea of the forces of Communism that threatened to enslave her people. Koreans may now take their rightful place among the freedom-loving people of the world. History will long remember the feat of arms that you, through your untiring efforts and superb valor have accomplished. I am proud of the units comprising the X Corps. Each of you should be proud of the unit in which you serve, the nation it represents, and your part in this military operation. I am confident that the tasks that are before us will be accomplished with the same splendid cooperation, leadership, and determination that you have so recently displayed.” Signed Major General Edward M. Almond, Commanding General, X Corps.
_Division Commander’s Message to the 1st Marine Division upon Completion of the Inchon-Seoul Campaign_
On 8 October 1950, the Division Commander issued Division Memorandum No. 192-50, quoted below, in recognition of the accomplishments of the 1st Marine Division during the Inchon-Seoul Campaign:
“1. Upon completion of the campaign in the Inchon-Seoul area of Korea I desire to express my appreciation and admiration of the superb manner in which all hands have cooperated in bringing to a successful conclusion a very difficult operation.
“2. From the time the decision was made to bring the Division to war strength and to commit it in Korea until the city of Seoul was captured, urgency has been the order of the day. Urgency has been necessary because tidal conditions dictated that a landing at Inchon be made on September 15th. For the Division this meant that its elements in the United States had to be brought to war strength immediately, had to be re-equipped and, in the absence of amphibious shipping, had to be loaded on such other ships as could hurriedly be made available. Upon arrival in Kobe, Japan, there was the pressing necessity of reloading in minimum time in amphibious shipping, with the disruption caused by a destructive typhoon. Elements of the Division comprising the First Provisional Marine Brigade were not released from combat in South Korea until midnight of September 5th and between that date and September 12th were required to move to Pusan, re-equip and mount out.
“3. It is now history that the First Marine Division did meet its commitments, did land at Inchon on September 15th under conditions which required the maximum of coordination, aggressive action, and devotion to duty; went on to capture the Kimpo airfield three days after landing, to effect a difficult amphibious crossing of the Han River, and to liberate the city of Seoul by driving the North Korean invaders far beyond its limits.
“4. I fully appreciate, and I am sure the American people now fully appreciate and realize, that only well-trained and determined troops, completely devoted to duty, could have accomplished what the First Marine Division did in Korea. You have established your place in history. The memory of those who made the supreme sacrifice in the accomplishment of this mission will forever remain an inspiration to all Marines.”
APPENDIX J
Casualties During the Inchon-Seoul Campaign
Following is a daily breakdown of the casualties suffered by the 1st Marine Division during the Inchon-Seoul Campaign (15 September-7 October 1950), together with a tabulation of the number of POWs captured by the Division and the estimated casualties inflicted on the enemy.
------+-----+-----+-----+------+----------+-----------+--------------- Date |KIA |DOW |MIA | WIA | Total | POWs | Estimated |[486]|[486]|[486]| [486]| battle | captured | enemy | | | | |casualties| [487] |casualties[488] ------+-----+-----+-----+------+----------+-----------+--------------- 15 Sep| 20 | 1 | 1 | 174 | 196 | [488] | [489] 16 Sep| 2 | 1 | 1 | 22 | 26 | 300 | [489]1,350 17 Sep| 6 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 76 | 400 | 350 18 Sep| 7 | 3 | 0 | 92 | 102 | 197 | 450 19 Sep| 10 | 1 | 0 | 61 | 72 | 126 | 600 20 Sep| 24 | 1 | 3 | 119 | 147 | 326 | 600 21 Sep| 30 | 3 | 0 | 198 | 231 | 355 | 1,350 22 Sep| 27 | 3 | 0 | 135 | 165 | 395 | 1,200 23 Sep| 19 | 7 | 0 | 117 | 143 | 169 | 900 24 Sep| 68 | 4 | 0 | 217 | 289 | 67 | 950 25 Sep| 33 | 4 | 1 | 238 | 276 | 142 | 1,750 26 Sep| 29 | 7 | 0 | 167 | 203 | 407 | 950 27 Sep| 33 | 3 | 0 | 153 | 189 | 139 | 1,252 28 Sep| 8 | 4 | 0 | 31 | 43 | 206 | 332 29 Sep| 19 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 69 | 507 | 102 30 Sep| 11 | 2 | 0 | 48 | 61 | 328 | 305 1 Oct| 2 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 19 | 124 | 75 2 Oct| 15 | 1 | 0 | 81 | 97 | 82 | 350 3 Oct| 2 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 38 | 103 | 800 4 Oct| 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 118 | 0 5 Oct| 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 57 | 0 6 Oct| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 144 | 0 7 Oct| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 +-----+-----+-----+------+----------+-----------+--------------- Total | 366 | 49 | 6 |2,029 | 2,450 | 6,492 | 13,666 ------+-----+-----+-----+------+----------+-----------+---------------
[486] Based on compilation on 15 March 1951 by Casualty Reporting Officer.
[487] Based on G-2 Report included in the Special Action Report for the Inchon-Seoul Campaign. The figures shown are less than the total of regimental reports of captures, as only those POWs remaining after processing by the G-2 were counted. Oftentimes civilians were turned over to the G-2 as POWs. A lag is also reflected in the figures of the G-2 Section. Both regiments captured prisoners on D-Day, 15 September, but the prisoners were not processed until 16 September.
[488] Estimated enemy casualties do not include POWs. Figures shown are based on the G-2 Report included in the Special Action Report for the Inchon-Seoul Campaign.
[489] The figure shown for 16 September includes the casualties inflicted on the enemy on 15 September.
APPENDIX K
Comments on Close Air Support Provided by 1st Marine Aircraft Wing
HEADQUARTERS 7TH INFANTRY DIVISION ARTILLERY Office of the Commanding General APO 7
10 January 1951
Subject: Marine Air Support To: Commandant, United States Marine Corps, Washington 25, D. C. Thru: Commanding General, 7th Infantry Division, APO 7.
1. In my capacity as Division Artillery Commander and Fire Support Coordinator of the Seventh Infantry Division I have been able to observe closely the most effective system of close air support currently used by the Marines. During the period 19 September to 20 December 1950, close air support of this division was furnished almost exclusively by the First Marine Air Wing.
2. In an effort to parallel as nearly as possible the Marine system of controlling close support air this division had attached to it the Far East Detachment, ANGLICO, FMF, Atlantic. This detachment was augmented by nine (9) Tactical Air Control Parties, Fifth U. S. Air Force, trained in the Marine system of control by the ANGLICO detachment. This enabled the placement of Tactical Air Control Parties with each infantry battalion. Such placement proved to be ideal and gave the battalion commander a means of controlling and coordinating the close air support he received.
3. It is worthy to note that in 57 days of combat 1024 sorties were flown by Marine Aircraft in close support of the division without a single casualty among our own troops due to friendly air action. This record I attribute to the fact that adequate control was available with front line units. In many instances Marine planes were bombing and strafing within 200 yards of our front lines.
4. I wish to express my appreciation for the superior cooperation of Captain Charles E. Crew, 023897, USMC, Far East Detachment, ANGLICO, FMF, Atlantic and his enlisted assistants during the period 19 September 1950 to 20 December 1950. In his capacity as Marine Air Liaison Officer to the Seventh Infantry Division Captain Crew functioned as a member of the division team with a common objective. The excellent air support received by this division was due in no small part to the enthusiastic manner in which Captain Crew performed. Unfortunately, I was not able to observe the work of the other two Marine Forward Air Controllers attached to the division. Reports indicate that they performed equally as well.
5. Again, allow me to reemphasize my appreciation for the outstanding air support received by this division. The Marine system of control, in my estimation, approaches the ideal and I firmly believe that a similar system should be adopted as standard for Army Divisions.
(s) HOMER W. KIEFER _Brigadier General, USA_ _Commanding_
[1st Endorsement]
Subject: Marine Air Support Headquarters, 7th Infantry Division, APO 7 12 January 1951 To: Commanding General, X Corps, APO 909
I wish to express my own appreciation to all members of the 1st Marine Air Wing who assisted in the fine air support given to the 7th Infantry Division and also to commend Forward Air Controllers, Captain Edward P. Stamford and 1st Lieutenant Jack R. Grey as well as Captain Crew for outstanding performances of duty in connection with the support.
(s) DAVID G. BARR _Maj Gen., USA_ _Commanding_
[2nd Endorsement]
Headquarters, X Corps, APO 909, 16 January 1951 To: Commanding General, Eighth United States Army, APO 301
1. The effective close air support rendered by the 1st Marine Air Wing through the Forward Air Controllers with the 7th Infantry Division greatly aided in the successful accomplishment of X Corps operations. The actions of the personnel concerned are worthy of commendation, and I wish to add my appreciation for their assistance.
2. Further, I wish to emphasize the statements of General Kiefer in paragraph 5, basic letter, in which he endorses the Marine system of Tactical Air Control. It has proved itself on every occasion.
(s) EDWARD M. ALMOND _Major General, United States Army_ _Commanding_
[3rd Endorsement]
CHO FEC-SCAP AG RECORDS FIEDAG 330.13 4795
AG 373 KAR (10 Jan 51) Subject: Marine Air Support Hq Eighth U. S. Army Korea (EU AK), APO 301 30 JAN 1951 TO: Commander-in-Chief, Far East, APO 500
I note with gratification the splendid spirit of cooperation that existed between the 1st Marine Air Wing and the 7th Infantry Division in recent combat operations. I congratulate not only Captain Crew, Captain Stamford, and Lieutenant Grey but all officers and men of the 1st Marine Air Wing for their magnificent performance.
(s) M. B. RIDGWAY _Lieutenant General, United States Army_ _Commanding_
[4th Endorsement]
AG 330.13 (10 Jan 51) GA General Headquarters, Far East Command, APO 500, 4 February 1951 To: Commander, United States Naval Forces, Far East, Navy No. 1165
Commander-in-Chief, Far East, takes pleasure in forwarding this correspondence which again illustrated the outstanding support that Marine Air is providing ground forces in the Korean operations.
By Command of General MacArthur
(s) K. B. BUSH _Brigadier General, USA_ _Adjutant General_
CNFE/P15 05/RVW/the Serial: 1213 12 Feb 1951
Fifth Endorsement on CG, 7th INFDIVART ltr of 10 Jan 1951 From: Commander Naval Forces, Far East To: Commandant, United States Marine Corps Via: (1) Commanding General, First Marine Air Wing (2) Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet Subj: Marine Air Support
1. Readdressed and forwarded.
2. Commander, Naval Forces, Far East, takes great pleasure in forwarding correspondence and desires to recognize also the outstanding performance of duty of Marine Corps personnel concerned.
(s) C. T. JOY
APPENDIX L
Presidential Unit Citation
THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the PRESIDENTIAL UNIT CITATION to the
FIRST MARINE DIVISION, REINFORCED
for service as set forth in the following Citation:
“For extraordinary heroism in action against enemy aggressor forces in Korea from 15 September to 11 October 1950. In the face of a determined enemy and against almost insurmountable obstacles, including disadvantageous tidal and beach conditions on the western coast of Korea, the First Marine Division, Reinforced, rapidly and successfully effected the amphibious seizure of Inch’on in an operation without parallel in the history of amphibious warfare. Fully aware that the precarious situation of friendly ground forces fighting desperately against the continued heavy pressure of a numerically superior hostile force necessitated the planning and execution of this extremely hazardous operation within a period of less than thirty days, and cognizant of the military importance of its assigned target, the Division moved quickly into action and, on 15 September, by executing three well-coordinated attacks over highly treacherous beach approaches defended by resolute enemy troops, captured the island of Wolmi-do, the city of Inch’on and Kimp’o Airfield, and rendered invaluable assistance in the capture of Seoul. As a result of its aggressive attack, the Division drove the hostile forces in hasty retreat over thirty miles in the ensuing ten days, completely severed vital hostile communication and supply lines and greatly relieved enemy pressure on other friendly ground units, thereby permitting these units to break out from their Pusan beachhead and contributing materially to the total destruction of hostile ground forces in southern Korea. The havoc and destruction wrought on an enemy flushed with previous victories and the vast accomplishments in turning the tide of battle from a weakening defensive to a vigorous offensive action reflect the highest credit upon the officers and men of the First Marine Division, Reinforced, and the United States Naval Service.”
The following reinforcing units of the First Marine Division
## participated in operations against enemy aggressor forces in Korea from
15 September to 11 October 1950:
_Fleet Marine Force Units and Detachments_: Radio Relay Platoon, 1st Signal Operations Company; Battery C, 1st 4.5 Inch Rocket Battalion; 1st Amphibian Truck Company; 1st Amphibian Tractor Battalion (less Company “D”); 1st Combat Service Group, Service Command; 1st Fumigation and Bath Platoon; 1st Aerial Delivery Platoon; 7th Motor Transport Battalion, Service Command; 1st Armored Amphibian Battalion; Detachment Marine Tactical Air Control Squadron Two; Team #1, First Provisional Historical Platoon; Marine Observation Squadron Six; Marine Aircraft Group Thirty-Three, Reinforced, including Headquarters Squadron Thirty-Three, Marine Service Squadron Thirty-Three, Marine Ground Control Intercept Squadron One, Marine Fighter Squadron Two Hundred Twelve, Marine Fighter Squadron Two Hundred Fourteen, Marine Fighter Squadron Three Hundred Twelve, Marine Fighter Squadron Three Hundred Twenty-Three, Marine Night Fighter Squadron Five Hundred Thirteen, and Marine Night Fighter Squadron Five Hundred Forty-Two.
_United States Navy Units_: Naval Beach Group One.
_United States Army Units_: Detachment 205th Signal Repair Company; Detachment 4th Signal Battalion; 163rd Military Intelligence Service Detachment; Company “A” Reinforced, 56th Amphibian Tractor Battalion; 96th Field Artillery Battalion; 441st Counter-Intelligence Corps Detachment; 2nd Engineer Special Brigade; 73rd Engineer (C) Battalion; 50th Engineer Port Construction Company; 65th Ordnance Ammunition Company; 32nd Regimental Combat Team; Special Operations Company; 3rd Battalion, 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team; and the 50th Antiaircraft Artillery Air Warning Battalion.
For the President,
(s) DAN A. KIMBALL _Secretary of the Navy_
Bibliography
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Annexes
ABLE Tactical Air Command, X Corps, USA. BAKER G-1 CHARLIE G-2 DOG G-3 EASY G-4 ITEM Marine Air Group 33 Basic report Annexes Able Personnel Baker Intelligence (including combat narrative) Charlie Operations Dog Supply Easy Communications Fox Logistics George Medical How Public Information Item Buildings and Grounds Jig Ordnance King Transportation Love Base Security Mike Electronics Nan Photographic Unit Oboe Engineering Peter Comments and recommendations Queen VMF-312 Roger VMF-212 Sugar VMF(n)-542 Tare MGCIS-1 Uncle MTACS-2
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1. Division (20 April 1951.)
2. Commanding General’s remarks on comments and recommendations
3. Annexes
ABLE G-1 BAKER G-2 CHARLIE G-3 DOG G-4 EASY Adjutant FOX Anti-Tank GEORGE Chaplain HOW Chemical Warfare & Radiological Defense ITEM Dental JIG Embarkation KING Engineer LOVE Headquarters Commandant MIKE Food Director NAN Historical OBOE Inspector PETER Legal QUEEN Medical ROGER Motor Transport SUGAR Ordnance TARE Post Exchange UNCLE Public Information VICTOR Signal WILLIAM Special Services XRAY Supply YOKE Disbursing ZEBRA Civil Affairs ABLE ABLE Division Administration Center BAKER BAKER Fire Support Coordination Center CHARLIE CHARLIE Air & Air Observers DOG DOG Naval Gunfire EASY EASY Headquarters Bn FOX FOX 1st Service Bn GEORGE GEORGE 1st Signal Bn HOW HOW 1st Medical Bn ITEM ITEM 1st Motor Transport Bn JIG JIG 1st Amphibious Truck Co LOVE LOVE 1st Ordnance Bn MIKE MIKE 1st Shore Party Bn NAN NAN 1st Engineer Bn OBOE OBOE 1st Tank Bn PETER PETER 1st Marines QUEEN QUEEN 5th Marines ROGER ROGER 7th Marines SUGAR SUGAR 11th Marines TARE TARE 1st Amphibious Tractor Bn UNCLE UNCLE 1st Combat Service Group VICTOR VICTOR 7th Motor Transport Bn WILLIAM WILLIAM Marine Observation Squadron 6
“SAR” File (Korea), HQMC Historical
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Giusti, Ernest H. _The Mobilization of the Marine Corps Reserve in the Korean Conflict._ Washington: Historical Branch, G-3, HQMC, 1952.
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Isely, Jeter A., and Crowl, Philip A. _The U.S. Marines and Amphibious War._ Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951.
Karig, Walter, Capt, USN, Cagle, Malcolm, Cdr, USN, and Manson, Frank A., LtCdr. _Battle Report: The War in Korea._ New York: Rinehart, 1952.
Montross, Lynn. _Cavalry of the Sky: The Story of U. S. Marine Combat Helicopters._ New York: Harper and Brothers, 1954.
---- “Fleet Marine Force Korea.” _U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings_, 37, no. 8: 836–839 (August, 1953).
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Index
Adams, Cape Nate L. II, 117_n_, 136_n_
Adelman, LtCol Merritt, 215
Advance Attack Group. _See_ U.S. Navy, Task Group 90.1
Africa, 50
_African Patriot_, SS, 32
Air attacks, North Korean, 104, 295
Air drop, 268
Air Force, U.S., 297 Intelligence, 165 Far East Air Forces (FEAF), 2, 8, 13, 71, 170 Combat Cargo Command, 71, 169 Fifth Air Force, 144, 295
Air strikes. _See_ Air support.
Air support, U.S., 8, 67, 69–71, 102, 144, 145, 153, 166, 167, 170, 180, 181, 201, 208, 223, 235, 236, 243, 246–250, 256, 258, 268, 273, 274, 278, 286, 289, 294, 295
Aircraft, U. S., 13, 70, 145, 236, 243, 295 Air Force, 59, 144 Marine, 69, 86, 88, 93, 170, 215, 223, 226, 238, 295 Navy, 84–87, 102 AD (Skyraiders), 102, 105, 180 Bombers, 144 B-26 (Invader), 13 B-29 (Superfort), 13 F4U (Corsair), 47, 87, 88, 93, 102, 134, 171, 195, 196, 208, 223, 247, 248, 250, 257, 279, 289 F7F (Tigercat), 169, 170, 257 F-51 (Mustang), 13 Helicopter, 27, 144, 167, 172, 187, 202, 290, 295 HO3S-1 Helicopter, 165, 166 OY (Grasshopper), 166, 295
Transport planes, 30
Aircraft, North Korean Bombers, 2 Stormovik, 165 YAK, 2, 202 YAK III, 165
Aircraft carriers (CV), 81
Aircraft losses, U. S., 294
Allen, Sgt Charles D., 105
Allmon, LCdr Clyde E., USN, 45, 102, 103_n_
_Alma Victory_, SS, 32
Almond, MajGen Edward M., USA, 3_n_, 4, 6, 7, 12, 38, 39, 43–45, 65–67, 71, 77, 78, 151, 183, 244, 262, 291
Altaire, Sgt Marion C., 176, 260
Ambush, North Korean, 220
_American Press_, SS, 32
American Revolution, 48
_American Victory_, SS, 32
Ammunition North Korean, 177 South Korean, 145 U.S., 125, 127, 169, 170, 228, 231, 235, 238, 268 Bombs, 88, 248 Rockets, 69, 70, 88, 107, 134, 169, 248, 263, 278 3.5-inch rockets, 173 WP rockets, 163
Ammunition dump, North Korean, 228, 274
Ammunition dump, U. S., 96
Amphibian tractors, 98, 191–193, 296
Amphibious Doctrine, development, 48–50
Amphibious force flagship (AGC), 79
Amphibious vessels, 81
Anderson, 2d Lt Tilton A., 155–157, 240_n_, 241, 245, 246, 247_n_, 249
Andrewes, RAdm Sir William G., RN, 67, 85
ANGLICO, 5, 6, 13, 41, 166
Anyang, 225
ARKANSAS, Point, 81, 83, 84
Armstrong, Capt Victor A., 165
Army Chief of Staff. _See_ Gen J. Lawton Collins
Army, U. S., 5, 8, 47, 49, 50, 59, 75, 103, 296, 297 Amphibious Training, 4, 5 Demobilization 1945–46, 6
Army Units, U. S. Far East Command. _See_ Far East Command. Army of Occupation, Japan, 6 Headquarters, U. S. Armed Forces in Korea, 7 Sixth Army, 5, 19 Eighth U. S. Army in Korea (EUSAK), 3, 5–9, 15, 28, 42, 46, 47, 59, 65–67, 73, 85, 144, 170, 171, 184, 198, 253, 254, 285, 291, 292, 295, 298 Tenth Army, 17 I Corps, 171, 253 IX Corps, 171 X Corps, 38, 40, 46, 58, 61, 62, 65, 66, 70, 71, 73, 107, 172, 201, 253, 254, 264, 275, 283, 285, 286, 290, 291, 298; Inception, 43; Staff, 58; Tactical Air Command (TAC), 71, 100, 104, 167, 169, 295 1st Cavalry Division, 7, 9, 13, 41, 171, 253, 254, 285 2d Infantry Division, 9, 28, 41, 47, 171, 254 3d Infantry Division, 58, 172 7th Infantry Division, 7, 9, 41, 58, 66, 67, 78, 153, 172, 184, 197, 212, 221, 244, 254, 255, 285, 286, 296 11th Airborne Division, 172 24th Infantry Division, 6–8, 14, 15, 171, 253 25th Infantry Division, 6–9, 171, 254 2d Engineer Special Brigade, 9, 65, 76, 80, 127, 129 187th Airborne RCT, 172, 286, 290, 296 2d Battalion, 238 3d Battalion, 256, 264 5th Regimental Combat Team, 28 17th Infantry Regiment, 67, 184, 279 2d Battalion, 274 31st Infantry Regiment, 184, 221, 254 32d Infantry Regiment, 66, 78, 153, 184, 209, 210, 212, 216, 221, 225, 244, 254, 255, 271, 273, 279, 296 1st Battalion, 225 2d Battalion, 211, 225, 263, 273 3d Battalion, 273, 274 56th Amphibian Tank and Tractor Battalion, 172, 196, 202 Company A, 76, 100, 188, 254 50th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion, 286, 291 2d Engineer Combat Group, 172 73d Engineer (c) Battalion, 76 93d Field Artillery Battalion, 172 96th Field Artillery Battalion, 172, 254 73d Tank Battalion, 79, 172 50th Engineer Port Construction Company, 76 X Corps Special Operations Company, 77, 78_n_, 256 65th Ordnance and Ammunition Company, 76 441st Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) Team, 59 163d Military Intelligence Service Detachment (MISD), 59
Arsenal, North Korean, 178
Artillery. _See_ Weapons.
Artillery Support, 243, 246, 268, 270, 273, 278
Asahi Brewery, 106
Ascom City, 138–140, 147, 148, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 164, 173, 175, 180, 214, 292
Assault Shipping, 75, 79
Assistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division. _See_ Brig Gen Edward A. Craig.
Attack Force. _See_ U. S. Navy, Task Force 90.
Attacks, North Korean, 206, 213, 231, 258, 276
Austria, 48
Aviation Gasoline, 169
Babashanian, Maj John G., 34
Babe, 1stLt George A., 210, 259, 260
_Badoeng Strait_ (CVE), USS, 70, 85, 86, 168, 257
BAKER Ferry, 200
Band, 75, 283
Banks, Capt David W., 276
Barges, Japanese, 79
Barome, Hospitalman Philip A., USN, _pic._
Barr, MajGen David G., USA, 41, 44, 197, 212, 255, 284, 291, _pic._
Barracks ships, 75
Barrett, Maj A. J., 35
Barricades, 277, 279
Barron, Lt. Charles R., USN, 45
Barrow, Maj R. H., 121_n_, 212, 213, 216_n_, 220, 226–228, 231
Barstow, California, Annex, Depot of Supplies, 31, 132
Bartley, Maj Whitman S., 123
Bates, Maj W. L., 117_n_, 121_n_, 213_n_, 216, 226_n_
Battleship, 202
Beaches BLUE, 63–65, 69, 94, 98, 100–105, 113–118, 120–123, 128, 131, 142, 198, 294, _pic._ BLUE One, 98, 100, 113, 116, 121, 122 BLUE Two, 100, 113, 116–118, 121, 122 BLUE Three, 100, 113, 118, 121, 123
GREEN, 64–65, 69, 78, 86–88, 90, 92, 93, 95, 103, 128, 131, 132, 142, 195
RED, 64–65, 69, 94, 95, 98, 101–102, 104, 105, 107, 108, 110–113, 125–128, 132, 139, 142, 152, 198, 294, _pic._
YELLOW, 129, 132, 142, 151
Beauchamp, Col Charles E., 221, _pic._
Beckley, Lt R. M., USN, 110
Belbusti, 1stLt Albert F., 241
_Belgian Victory_, USS, 32
Belleau Wood, 11
Benedict, LtCol William E., 45
Berry, LCdr Reuben W., USN, 102_n_, 103
_Bexar_ (APA), USS, 53
Bey, Capt Robert T., 289_n_
Bland, Capt Richard F., 220, 222
Blockade, 2
Blood plasma, 228
Bloodsworth Island, 49
BLUEHEARTS, Operation, 6, 172
Bohn, 1stLt Robert D., 90, 91, 93
Bolkow, TSgt George W., 279
Boston, TSgt Kenneth C., 159
Bougainville, 51
Bowser, Col Alpha L., 30_n_, 34_n_, 37_n_, 262
_Boxer_ (CV), USS, 84, 86
Breen, Capt Richard R., 267, 268
Bridge, 184, 188, 197, 199, 216, 219–221, 223, 225, 232, 252, 254. _See also_ Floating Bridge, Kalchon Bridge.
Bridges, Maj David W., 117_n_, 121_n_, 122, 123, 213, 226_n_, 251_n_, 279_n_, 280_n_
Bridging equipment, 40
Briggs, Capt Cameron, USN, 84
British Consulate Hill, 104
Brock, Capt P. W., RN, 178
Brower, Col James H., 131
Brush, Maj Charles H., Jr., 188, 193
Bulldozers, 126
Burris, Cpl Charles E., _pic._
Bushe, 1stLt Eugene A., 215, 216_n_
CALIFORNIA, Point, 81, 85
CAMID, Operation, 19
Canzona, 1stLt Nicholas A., 159
_Cape Esperance_ (CVE), USS, 54
Capps, LCdr Arlie G., USN, 45
Cargo Ships, Attack (AKA), 63, 79, 80, 84
Caribbean, 49
Carlon, 1stLt Francis B., 216_n_, 217, 273, 279_n_, 280_n_
Carpenter, 1stLt Stanley H., 195
Carter, 2dLt Johnny L., 121_n_, 135_n_, 140_n_, 141_n_, 173, 175, 178
Cashion, 2dLt Dana M., 190, 192
Casualties North Korean, 94, 123, 141, 150, 156, 158, 159, 161, 164, 171, 173, 177, 196, 211, 215, 228, 231, 241, 260, 263, 284, 286, 289, 297, _pic._
United States, 86, 93, 105, 107, 111, 112, 122, 126, 130, 133, 140, 144, 150, 156, 158, 159, 164, 177, 178, 181, 183, 195, 196, 202, 208, 209, 211, 221–223, 225, 234, 236, 240, 241, 246, 247, 249–252, 261, 267, 273, 274, 276, 284, 290, 297, _pic._
Cates, Gen Clifton B., 3, 11, 18, 20, 22, 25, 26, 32, 42, 53, 76, 290
_Cavalier_ (APA) USS, 83, 98, 102
Caves, 91, 92, 94, 197, 260
Cemetery Hill, 95, 98, 104, 106, 107, 110–113, 127, 132
Ceylon, 54
Changsa-dong, 145
_Charity_ (DD), HMS, 61
Chase, Capt Lester T., 287
Chidester, LtCol Arthur A., 73
Chief of Naval Operations. _See_ Adm Forrest P. Sherman.
Chief of Staff, U. S. Army. _See_ Gen J. Lawton Collins.
China, 12, 49
China, Communist, 57, 292, 297; Possible intervention in Korea, 9
Chinese Communist Forces, 1, 2
Chindong-ni, 38
Chinju, 30, 254
Chinnampo, 144
Chongdong, 202
Chonsong-ni, 256
Chosin Reservoir, 285
Church, BrigGen John H., USA, 7
Civil Government, 143, 281
Clark Lt Eugene F., USN, 61, 62, 85, 87
Clark, LtGen Mark W., USA, 5
Clark, Lt Theodore B., USN, 102, 103_n_, 115, 120, 121_n_
Clothing, 75, 77
Close air support. _See_ Air support.
Codispoti, Capt Gildo S., 113_n_, 116_n_, 117_n_, 140_n_, 183, 210_n_, 211_n_, 213_n_, 221_n_, 223_n_, 271_n_
Cole, BrigGen Eli K., 48_n_
Cole, LtCol J. Frank, 170
Coleman lanterns, 187
_Collett_ (DD), USS, 86, 87
Collins, Cpl Charles E., 262, 263
Collins, 2dLt Edward E., 278
Collins, Gen J. Lawton, USA, 44, 46, 172
Comiskey, TSgt Donald, 159
Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, 19
Commander, Amphibious Group 1. _See_ RAdm James H. Doyle.
Commander in Chief, Far East. _See_ General Douglas MacArthur.
Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet. _See_ Adm Arthur W. Radford.
Commander Naval Forces, Far East. _See_ VAdm C. Turner Joy.
Commander, Task Force 90. _See_ RAdm James H. Doyle.
Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific. _See_ LtGen Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.
Commanding General, 1st Marine Division. _See_ MajGen Oliver P. Smith.
Commiskey, 2d Lt Henry A., 217, 219
Communications Equipment, 75 Radio Frequencies, 70 SCR-300, 191, 192, 228
Condit, Kenneth W., 129_n_, 223_n_, 294_n_
Conference of 4 July, 4
Conference of 10 July, 9
Cooney, Capt Thomas E., 268, 276
Cooper, LtCol Francis H., 76
Coox, Dr. A. D., 139_n_
“Copper Mine Hill”, 221, 225
Corbet, 2dLt Robert H., 208
Corduroy road, 199
Correspondents, 151, 187
Costigan, Capt James G., 117_n_, 129_n_
Counselman, 2dLt John D., 88_n_, 93
Counterattacks North Korean, 235, 241, 245, 246, 262, 263, 283 United States, 263, 264
Craig, BrigGen Edward A., 18, 28, 47, 94, 100_n_, 101, 135n, 142, 152, 165, 172, 183, 187, 194, 199, 202, 203, 254, 283. _pic._
Craven, 1stLt William A., 217
Creal, LtCol Albert, 35
Crete, 146
Crocker, 1stLt Robert O., 289
Crook, Capt Welby, 223
Crossman, 1stLt Ralph B., 188_n_, 191, 192
CROSSOVER Operation, 19
CROSSROADS Operation, 27
Crowe, LtCol Henry P., 126
Crowl, Philip A., 4_n_, 9_n_
Crowley, Capt Richard W., 117_n_, 136_n_
Crowson, SSgt T. Albert, 240
Cruisers, 67, 70, 81, 86, 88, 102–104, 145, 202
Cuba, 12, 27
Cuban, 48
Culebra, 48, 49
Culpepper, Cape Theodore T., 279_n_
Cummings, Lt Bryan J., 175, 176, 260, 261, 271, 278, 278_n_
Cunliffe, 2dLt Bruce F., 116_n_, 123, 134_n_, 135_n_, 173_n_, 177_n_, 178_n_, 183_n_, 211_n_, 213_n_
Cushman, BrigGen Thomas J., 18, 71, 104, 167, 170, 250_n_, 295, _pic._
Dai Ichi building, 45
Davis, Sgt, G. O., Jr., 34
Davis, LtCol Raymond G., 201, 268, 276, 287, 289
Dawe, 2dLt Harold L., Jr., 208
Dean, MajGen William F., USA, 7
DeArmond, Sgt David R., 163
DeFazio, 1stLt Ernest L., 190, 192_n_, 193
Defenses, North Korean, 83, 90, 92, 95, 106, 107, 219
_De Haven_ (DD), USS, 86, 87
Delamar, Capt Richard F., III, 276
Denny, 2dLt Paul E., 275
DEMON III Operation, 19
Department or State, U. S., 2_n_, 11, 12_n_, 18
Deptula, 2dLt Edwin A., 104_n_, 105, 108, 156–158, 161, 250_n_, 257, 258
Destroyers (DD), 63, 67, 69, 70, 81, 83, 86, 102–104, 115, 144, 145
_Diachenko_ (APD), USS, 102, 103
Dibble, Maj John G., 35
Dolan, 1stLt John E., 290_n_, 291
_Dolly Thurman_, SS, 32
Dominican Republic, 12
Douglas, Cpl Okey J., 150
Dowsett, LtCol Frederick R., 53, 54_n_, 146
Doyle, RAdm James H., USN, 5, 6, 12, 14, 15, 35, 38, 40, 43–47, 66, 70, 77, 81, 83, 84, 102, 142, 292, 293, _pic._
Dunbar, 1stLt Michael J., 112
Earney, Maj William R., 275_n_2
East Channel, 81
East China Sea, 81
Eddy, 2dLt Samuel L., Jr., 258
Edwards, PFC Clayton O., 220
Edwards, LtGen Idwal H., USAF, 44
El Toro, California, 1, 18, 26, 27, 54, 55, 170
Ellis, Maj Earl H., 48
Ely, Col Louis B., USA, 77, 78, 144
Embarkation Plans. _See_ Plans and orders.
Embarkation Groups, 79 ABLE, 79 BAKER, 79 CHARLIE, 79, 80 DOG, 80 EASY, 80 FOX, 80
English, Capt Gearl M., 148_n_, 156, 157
Epley, 2dLt James W., 258
Equipment, abandoned, 215
Erskine, MajGen Graves B., 18
Escort Carriers (CVE), 85, 166
Esterline, Maj William C., 188
Eubanks, 1stLt Fred F., Jr.
Europe, 50.
Evacuation stations, 185, 200
Far East Command, 7, 8, 38, 40, 43, 45, 59, 293 Advanced Command Group, 7 Headquarters, 4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 28, 38, 44, 57 Joint Strategic Plans and Operations Group (JSPOG), 6, 43, 61 Special Planning Staff, 57–59
Farrington, SSgt Arthur, 259, 260
Febrey, Pvt G. W. _pic._
Fellers, BrigGen William S., 4, 6, 27
Fenton, Capt Francis I. Jr., 111_n_, 206, 208, 213
Ferry, 185, 200, 203, 261, 294. _See also_ BAKER Ferry, Haengju Ferry.
Fire Support Areas, 69
Fire Support Coordination Center, 71, 166
Fire Support Units, 87
“Fireproof Phil”, 243
Fisher, 1stLt Joseph R., 118, 141_n_
_Fleet Training Publication 167_, 49
Fleischaker, Lt Robert J., USN, 181
Floating Bridge, 200
Floeck, Maj Robert, 256, 257
Flying Fish channel, 62, 81, 86
Food shortages, 282
Force Beachhead Line, 136, 153
Force in Readiness Concept, 11, 12
Formosa, 2
Forney, Col Edward S., 4–7, 66, 67_n_, 77_n_, 284_n_
Forrestal, James V., 50
_Fort Marion_ (LSD), USS, 93
Forward observer, 192
Fraser, LtCol Loren S., 35
Fridrich, Maj Raymond V., 268
Frigates (PF), 83
Fuller, MajGen John F. C., 50
Gallipoli, 48
Garvin, BrigGen Crump, USA, 7
Gasoline, 125
Gavin, MajGen James M., USA, 153
Gay, MajGen Hobart H., USA, 7, 15
Geer, Andrew, 26_n_
_George Clymer_ (APA), USS, 104
Germany, 48
_General Buckner_, (T-AP), USNS, 32
_General Butner_ (AP), USS, 32
_General Meigs_ (T-AP), USNS, 32
_General Morton_, (T-AP), USNS, 54
_General Weigel_ (T-AP), USNS, 32
Gettysburg, 37
Gifford, MSgt B. W., 127_n_
Giusti, Ernest H., 11_n_, 54_n_, 223_n_, 294_n_
Godbold, LtCol Brygthe D., 35
Goggin, 1stLt William F., 267
Gottschalk, Maj Vincent J., 166
Gover, 1stLt Robert L., 175
GRACE, Typhoon, 15
Great Britain Ground forces, 171 27th Brigade, 171, 253 Marines, 61 Naval forces, 144 Frigate, 77
Green, 1stLt Melvin K., 96
_Green Bay Victory_, SS, 32
GREEN Beach. _See_ Beach, GREEN.
Green Island, 27
Grenell, SSgt H. M., 127_n_
Grimes, 2dLt George, 248, 249
Groff, Capt Goodwin C., 272
Grove, PFC W. D., 35
Guadalcanal, 27, 38
Guam, 17, 30, 37
Guantanamo Bay, 48
Gugeler, Capt Russell A., USA, 8_n_
Guild, 2dLt John N., 216, 217
Gunther, Capt Albert J., 35
_Gurke_ (DD), USS, 86, 87
Haengju, 180, 181, 183, 187, 188, 190, 194, 196, 197, 234, 238, 259
Haengju ferry, 231, 259
Haiti, 12,17
Hammond, Maj James D., 267_n_, 268, 275_n_, 289_n_
Han Choi Han, Col, NKPA, 160
Han River, 40, 58, 160, 163, 165, 172, 173, 180, 181, 183–185, 187, 196–202, 205, 206, 208, 219, 220, 222, 232, 238, 243, 244, 246, 254, 256, 285, 286, 294
Han River, crossing of, 187, 188, 190–195
Haneda Airfield, 35
Hanes, 1stLt J. V., _pic._
Hanlon, 2dLt Robert C, 173, 178
Harer, Lt Arnold W., USN, 110_n_
Harmon, Capt Lester G., 118
Harney, Cpl James P., 193
Harrell, 2dLt James E., 147_n_, 148_n_, 150, 161, 163
Harris, MajGen Field, 27, 51, 55, 71, 167–170, 295, _pic._
Harris, Cpl Welden D, 245, 249, 270_n_
Hart, MajGen Franklin A., 32
Hawaii, 1, 5, 19, 30
Hawkins, LtCol Jack, 121, 122, 136_n_, 138_n_, 177, 178, 212, 213, 216, 219, 222, 226, 227, 251, 252
Hayden, Col Reynolds H., 53_n_
Hays, LtCol Lawrence C, Jr., 188, 233
Heck, 2dLt Ray, 112, 240
_Helena_ (CA), USS, 144, 145
Helicopter evacuation, 295
Helicopter rescue missions, 166
Helicopters. _See_ Aircraft, U. S.
_Henderson_ (DD), USS, 86, 87
_Henrico_ (APA), USS, 83, 98, 102
Hering, Capt Eugene R., Jr., USN, 73, 130, 282
Hetrick, 2dLt Lawrence, 159
Hickey, BrigGen Doyle G., USA, 43, 77
Higgins, Sgt James I., 234, 235
Higgins, RAdm John M., USN, 67, 85–87, 102, 103
Higgins, Marguerite, 152
Hill 51----188, 192, 194, 196
Hill 55----220
Hill 56----235, 239–241, 243, 245–247, 249
Hill 68----203, 234, 238
Hill 72----210, 235, 250, 257, 258
Hill 79----251, 252, 259
Hill 80----206, 208, 212, 213, 216, 217, 219, 221, 226
Hill 82----264, 271, 273
Hill 85----206, 208, 212, 213, 216, 217, 219, 221, 222
Hill 88----235, 245, 246, 258
Hill 94----90, 123
Hill 95----192, 194, 196, 197
Hill 96----203
Hill 97----261, 264, 272
Hill 104----204, 234, 235, 238–240, 246
Hill 105----234
Hill 105-C----234, 235, 239, 250
Hill 105-N----234, 239, 245, 246, 249, 250, 256, 258, 270
Hill 105-S----234–236, 238, 243, 246, 251, 252, 260
Hill 108----232, 252
Hill 117----100, 117, 122, 133–135
Hill 118----181, 206, 208, 209, 212, 213, 216, 217, 219, 220
Hill 123----178, 181, 209
Hill 125----180, 187, 188, 190–192, 194, 195, 197, 203, 276, _pic._
Hill 131----163, 201
Hill 133----264, 283
Hill 137----140
Hill 146----210–212
Will 171----264
Hill 180----123
Hill 186----140, 141, 148, 173, 186
Hill 208----173, 175
Hill 216----203, 234–236, 246, 256, 259
Hill 233----180, 120, 122, 123, 135
Hill 296----235, 236, 241, 245, 246, 250, 256–259, 267, 268, 270, 271, 277
Hill 338----235, 258, 264, 267, 268, 275, 279
Hill 342----264, 276
Hill 343----264, 268, 275, 276
Hinkle, LtCol Thornton M., 201, 268, 289_n_
Hodes, BrigGen Henry I., USA, 78, 151, 153
Hodges, LtCol Charles T., 34
Hoengjeoe-ri, 267, 268, 275
Hofstetter, Capt Arnold C., 245
Holcomb, Col Bankson T. Jr., 34
Holzhaus, Lt Ralph L, USN, 110_n_
Honor guard, 144, 283
_Horace A. Bass_ (APD), USS, 48, 102, 108
Hoskins, RAdm John M., USN, 14
Houghton, Cape Kenneth J., 141, 177, 178_n_, 188, 190–194
Houston, Lt Trumond E., USN, 110_n_, 127
Howard, 2dLt Lee R., 148, 150, 248
Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia, 17
Inchon, 4, 6, 7, 17, 18, 22, 41, 74, 143, 145, 146, 152, 153, 167, 172, 180, 195, 198, 200, 201, 215, 238, 291, 295, 297, _pic._ _See also_: Inner tidal basin, outer tidal basin. Hospital, 281 North Korean garrison, 94 Railway station, _pic._
Inchon Landing, 9, 10, 22, 27, 97–142, 144, 146, 198, 293, 296, _pic._ Air support, 87, 104 Artillery, 131 Assault plan, 64, 65 BLUE Beach. _See_ Beach BLUE. Command relationships, 56, 81 Conception, 6 Fire Support Areas, 69 Gunfire support, 87, 103, 115 H-Hour, 101 Intelligence, 59–61, 77 Logistics, 71, 76, 125, 127–129 Medical, 130 Movement to, 81, 83, 84 Objections to, 39, 40, 43, 45, 47, 58 Planning, 6, 37, 38, 40–46, 48, 55–60, 62–64, 67, 69–71, 73, 78, 100 Preliminary bombardment, 85, 86, 145 Tanks, 131, 132 Weather, 102, 114
Inchon-Anyang road, 221
Inchon Peninsula, 133, 136
Inchon Railroad Yards, 129
Inchon-Seoul highway, 122, 133, 136, 138, 140, 147, 148, 153, 155, 173, 209, 213, 220, 221, 225, 227–229
Inchon-Seoul operation, 244, 250, 257, 285, 290, 291, 294, 297
Inchon-Seoul railroad, 129
Indian Ocean, 146
Inner tidal basin, Inchon, 98, 113, 133
Intelligence, U. S., 59–61, 77, 165, 180–181
Interdictory strikes, 3
IOWA, Point, 81, 83
Irick, Cape Joseph N., 194_n_, 195, 255_n_
Irwin, Cpl C. V., 35
Isely, Jeter A., 49_n_
Itami Air Force Base, 13, 70, 71, 80, 168, 169
Itazuke Air Force Base, 168, 171
Iwo Jima, 37
_Jamaica_ (CL), HMS, 86, 87
JANE, Typhoon, 75, 79
Jacobs, LCdr M. Ted, Jr., USN, 45
Jacobs, Capt Walter F., 35
Japan, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 28, 30, 33, 48, 49, 54, 55, 71, 81, 114, 146, 172
Japanese freighters, 15
Jaskilka, Capt Samuel, 108, 112, 133, 135, 155, 158_n_, 161, 249, 257
Jerome, MajGen Clayton C., 290
Johnson, Cdr Howard B., USN, 130
Joint Army and Navy Intelligence Studies (JANIS), 41
Joint Board of the Army and Navy, 48, 49
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 4, 20, 22–24, 32, 44, 46, 50, 172, 198
Joint Landing Force Board, 5_n_
Joint Strategic Plans and Operations Group (JSPOG). _See_ Far East Command.
Jones, 2dLt Charles M., 150, 161
Jones, 2dLt Donald R., 226
Jordan, Maj James D., 159
Joy, VAdm C. Turner, USN, 3, 4, 12, 45, 47, 66, 71, 73, 144
Kaesong, 276
Kaesong-Seoul highway, 256, 264, 267, 268, 275
Kaesong-Seoul railroad, 187, 196
Kalchon Bridge, 220, 222
Kalchon River, 205, 206, 208, 209, 216, 219–221, 223, 225, 226
Kansong-ni, 134, 135, 138, 140
Karig, Capt Walter, USN, 45_n_, 46_n_, 61_n_, 87_n_, 126_n_, 144_n_, 145_n_, 257_n_
Kean, MajGen William B., USA., 8
Kearl, Sgt Ray D., 163
Keiser, MajGen Lawrence B., USA., 41
Kent, WO Bartley D., 183
_Kenya_ (CL), HMS, 86, 87, 178
Key West Conference, 5_n_, 50
KEZIA, Typhoon, 81, 83, 84
Kikta, SSgt Robert J., 163
Kim, Capt, KMC, 287
Kimpo Air Field, 42, 58, 71, 77, 78, 138, 142, 144, 153, 156–161, 163, 165, 167–170, 172, 175, 180, 183, 184, 187, 191, 193, 198–202, 206, 212, 219, 236, 238, 257, 264, 284, 294, _pic._ Proposed commando raid on, 77, 78 Refueling facilities, 170
Kimpo-Yongdungpo highway, 219
King, Capt George W., 167
Knox, TSgt Edwin L., 88_n_, 93, 105, 193
Kobe, Japan, 31, 74–79, 83, 114, 146, 166, 293
Korea, 5, 81 Geography, 2 Hydrographic conditions, 40, 41 North. _See_ People’s Democratic Republic of. People’s Democratic Republic of, 1 Air Force, 2 1st Air Force Division, 159, 160 877th Air Force Unit, 160 Invasion of South Korea, 2 Marines, 94 226th Marine Regiment, 94, 95, 107, 160 Navy: Minelayers, 85 People’s Army, 1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 13, 46, 47, 57, 58, 60–62, 64, 66, 90, 93, 97, 101, 124, 136, 144, 145, 152, 161, 169–171, 173, 178, 180, 181, 201–203, 236, 253, 254, 270, 276, 280, 285, 287, 291, 298 Infantry, 86 Logistics, 2 Units Headquarters, 145 1st Division, 171, 253, 254 2d Division, 254 3d Division, 171, 253, 254 4th Division, 47, 254 5th Division, 253 6th Division, 171, 254 7th Division, 171, 254 8th Division, 253 9th Division, 254 10th Division, 171, 254 12th Division, 253 13th Division, 171, 254 15th Division, 253 17th Division, 290 18th Division, 148, 205 Seoul Division, 290 25th Brigade, 233, 234, 263 31st Regiment, 290 42d Mechanized Regiment, 148 78th Independent Regiment, 233, 234 107th Regiment, 160 2d Battalion, 918th Coast Artillery Regiment, 94 Republic of Korea, 1, 2, 7, 9 Army, 2, 6, 13, 253, 282, 285, 296 Reorganization, 9 Army Units I Corps, 171 II Corps, 171 1st Division, 171, 253 3d Division, 171 17th Regiment, 64, 74, 180, 255, 274 Chief of Naval Operations. _See_ RAdm Sohn Won Yil. Guerrillas, 145 Marines, 64, 144, 199 1st Regiment, 64, 73, 133, 143, 167, 203, 256, 264, 286, 291, 296, _pic._ 1st Battalion, 180, 204, 234, 235, 238, 239, 246, 256, 259, 264, 271, 286 2d Battalion, 184, 188, 196, 255, 264, 282 3d Battalion, 153, 180, 201, 202, 264, 286, 290 5th Battalion, 264, 287 Navy: LST, 145 Picket boat, 77
Korean national anthem, 143
Kraince, 1stLt Francis R., 192, 193
Krieger, 2dLt Roy E., 195
Krulak, Col Victor H., 7, 165, 197_n_
Kum River, 14
Kumchon, 253, 254
Kumpo Peninsula, 180, 181, 264, 286, 290
Kung Chan So, Maj, NKPA, 160
Kunsan, 41, 46, 144, 285
Kyongan-ni, 58
Kyushu, 84
LCM, 54, 102, 126
LCP, _pic._
LCVP, 54, 63, 64, 88, 93, 102–105, 108, 121, 122, 128, _pic._
LSM, 83 LSM 419, 32
LSMR, 69, 83, 88, 92, 103–105, 215 LSMR 401, 87 LSMR 403, 87 LSMR 404, 87
LSMR Movement Element, 83
LST, 14, 41, 63, 64, 78–80, 84, 102, 108, 110, 125–128, 130, 167, 175, 178, 184, 185, _pic._ LST 799, 110_n_, 127 LST 802, _pic._ LST 845, 32 LST 857, 110, 126 LST 859, 110, 127 LST 883, 110_n_ LST 898, 110_n_, 130 LST 914, 110 LST 973, 110_n_, 126 LST 975, 110, 111 LST 1123, _pic._
LSU, 65, 79, 83, 88, 96, 102
LVT, 31, 59, 63, 64, 100, 102, 115–118, 120, 121, 135, 178, 184, 185, 188, 190–197, 200, 203, 251, 255, 294
LVT(A), 100, 102, 103, 115, 117
Land mines. _See_ Mines, land.
Landing Craft, 41, 45, 88, 102, 108
Landing Ships, Dock (LSD), 63, 79, 80, 83
Lareau, Cpl J. N., 34
Ledet, PFC Alphonse O., Jr., 192, 196
Lee, Col, ROKA, 291
Lee, Mayor, 281, 282
Lejeune, MajGen John A., 48, 49
Lejeune, Camp, 33, 31, 24, 19, 22
_Leyte_ (CV), USS, 53
Liberation ceremony, 283, 284, _pic._
Lischeid, LtCol Walter E., 105, 243, 250, 256, 257, _pic._
Little Creek, Virginia, 19
Litzenberg, Col Homer L., 33, 54, 80, 146, 201, 238, 239, 264, 267, 275, 276, 283, 287, 289, 290, _pic._
Liversedge, BrigGen Harry B., 18
Locomotive, 129, 170, 234
Lookout Hill, 209, 211, 216, 220, 225
Lopez, 1stLt Baldomero, 106
Lowe, MajGen Frank, USA, 152, 190
Lowentrout, LCdr Jack L., USN, 45
Lund, Maj Arnold A., 105
McAlee, 2dLt George E., 173
McAlister, Col Francis M., 35, 199
MacArthur, General of the Army Douglas, 3, 4, 5_n_, 6, 7, 9–12, 18, 20, 22, 23, 28, 38–46, 48, 57, 65, 84, 90, 92, 100, 103, 142, 151, 152, 170, 172, 197, 198, 283, 284, 297, _pic._
McAvinue, PFC H. J., 34
McClelland, 1stLt William A., 226, 227, 231
MacDonald, SSgt. Arthur J., 176, 278
McGee, 1stLt James M., 216_n_, 217
McGill, Camp, 80
McLean, Maj Charles E, 289
McMillan, Lt(jg) Leo D., USN, 291
McMullen, TSgt Orval F., 105, 106
McMullen, Capt Robert A., 88_n_, 90, 91, 95, 156_n_, 188, 194–196, 258_n_, 270
McNaughton, Capt George C., 104, 112_n_, 148_n_, 152, 240_n_, 247–249
McPherson, SSgt Stanley B., 250
McReynolds, Maj William, 215
Magness, 2dLt Byron L., 111, 112_n_, 113
Mahang-ri, 138, 173, 175
Mann, 1stLt Nathaniel F. Jr., 236
_Mansfield_ (DD), USS, 86, 87, 95
Manson, LCdr Frank A., USN, 45_n_
Marianas Islands, 81
_Marine Phoenix_ (T-AP), USNS, 32, 75
Marine Corps, U. S., 4, 5, 11, 12, 15, 20, 24, 46–50, 61, 66, 74, 103, 105, 110, 113, 145, 297, _pic._ Air-Ground Team, 12, 294 Enlistments extended, 23 Headquarters, 18, 22, 25 Request for Marines, 3, 4, 11, 18, 20, 22 Reserve, 12, 19, 21–27, 33 Mobilization, 12, 20, 22, 24, _pic._ Reserve District directors, 22, 26 Reserve Units 12th Amphibian Tractor Company, 24 3d Engineer Company, 24 13th Infantry Company, 24 Schools, 17, 48, 49 Strength, 20 Training, 13, 18, 19 Units Expeditionary Force, 49 Fleet Marine Force, 10, 12, 49, 30 Atlantic, 19, 21, 22, 31, 146 Pacific, 11, 21, 22, 32, 43, 54 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, 19, 21, 27, 54, 55, 58, 70, 71, 167, 169, 250, 292, 294 2d Marine Aircraft Wing, 19, 21 Wing Headquarters Squadron 1, 54 MAG-12, 54, 71, 168 Headquarters Squadron 12, 54 Service Squadron 12, 54 Marine Aircraft Group 33, 4, 18, 28, 47, 70, 71, 166–170, 236, 295 Headquarters Squadron 33, 168 Service Squadron 33, 168 VMF-212, 54, 71, 168, 170, 236, 257, 294 VMF-214, 85–87, 93, 102, 105, 134, 138, 139, 168, 176, 181, 195, 196, 210, 211, 223, 243, 249, 250, 256, 257, 294 VMF-312, 54, 71, 289, 294, 295 VMF-323, 85–87, 102, 105, 168, 181, 213, 238, 246–248, 257, 294 VMF(N)-513, 54, 71, 168, 171 VMF(N)-542, 54, 71, 168, 169, 236, 257, 294 VMR-152, 169 VMO-6, 165, 166, 169, 202, 295 MGCIS-1, 168, 169 MTACS-2, 168, 169 Air Support Section, 71 1st Marine Division, 9, 10, 12, 17, 18, 20–23, 25, 28, 30, 34, 35, 38, 40, 53–56, 58–60, 62, 65, 67, 71, 74, 75, 77, 79, 100, 147, 148, 160, 168, 172, 180, 183, 197, 201–203, 221, 238, 244, 245, 250, 253, 255, 256, 261, 264, 278, 283, 284, 286, 287, 290, 292–295, 297 Advance party, 34, 35 Arrival in Japan, 74 ADC Group, 94, 142 Command Post, 151, 172 Departure from San Diego, 31, 32, _pic._ Expansion, 10, 18, 23, 24, 26, 293 Logistic support, 30, 31 Outloading from Kobe, 77, 79, 80 Rear Echelon, 33 Staff, 55 Training, 28 Withdrawal of 17-year-olds, 75 2d Marine Division, 19, 21, 23, 24, 33 1st Provisional Marine Brigade (Reinf), 4, 9, 18, 23, 28, 30, 34, 46, 48, 55, 63, 65, 70, 195, 234, 293
## Activation, 7
Availability, 65–67 Dispatch of, 4, 30 1st Marines, 31, 63–66, 79, 100, 103, 104, 113, 114, 128, 131, 133, 138, 140, 141, 147, 148, 150, 153, 167, 169, 173, 175, 177, 178, 180, 181, 183, 184, 197, 202–204, 212, 213, 215, 216, 220, 225, 228, 231–233, 243, 244, 246, 247, 251, 253–255, 259, 262, 264, 267, 277, 279, 280, 282, 285, 287, 290, 291, _pic._; Command Post, 152. _See_ Col Lewis B. Puller. 1st Battalion, 121, 122, 135, 136, 138, 141, 177, 178, 184, 188, 212, 216, 217, 219, 236, 251, 259, 261, 271, 273, 279, 280, 282. _See also_ LtCol Jack Hawkins. Headquarters & Service Company, 123 Company A, 122, 123, 212, 213, 216, 217, 220, 222, 226–228, 236, 273, 279 Company B, 122, 123, 206, 208, 212, 223, 226–229, 231, 236, 273 Company C, 122, 209, 212, 213, 216, 217, 219, 223, 236, 273, 279 Weapons Company, 216, 217, 223, 226 2d Battalion, 84, 100, 116, 117, 121, 122, 134, 135, 138, 140, 141, 151, 173, 175, 177, 178, 183, 209–211, 213, 215, 216, 220, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 251, 252, 259, 261, 271–273, 279, 280, 282, 283. _See also_ LtCol Allan Sutter. Headquarters & Service Company, 117 Company D, 116, 117, 122, 123, 135, 140, 173, 175, 178, 210, 211, 214, 223, 225, 279 Company E, 117, 123, 140, 173, 175, 178, 211, 214, 223, 271, 272 Company F, 116, 117, 122, 123, 135, 140, 148, 151, 173, 175, 210, 211, 214, 223, 271, 272. Weapons Company, 117, 123 3d Battalion, 100, 115, 117, 122, 135, 136, 138, 141, 175, 177, 178, 181, 209, 211, 216, 220, 225, 231, 232, 252, 259, 261, 262, 263, 271, 282, 284. _See also_ LtCol Thomas L. Ridge. Headquarters & Service Company, 114 Company G, 117, 118, 120, 122, 123, 135, 175, 176, 225, 263 Company H, 123, 209 Company I, 117, 118, 120, 122, 123, 135, 209, 225, 252 Weapons Company, 114 Fifth Marines, 30, 47, 53, 64–67, 73, 79, 98, 100, 101, 104, 107, 108, 112, 131–133, 138, 143, 147, 148, 151–153, 155, 158, 160, 167, 170, 175, 180, 183, 187, 188, 191, 193, 194, 196, 200, 202–204, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239, 241, 243–246, 251, 252, 254–256, 259, 262–264, 267, 271, 274, 277–279, 282, 284–286, 290, 291, 294, _pic._; Command Post, 152, 191. _See also_ LtCol Raymond L. Murray. Antitank Company, 150 Headquarters & Service Company, 159 1st Battalion, 98, 101, 112, 113, 133, 138, 153, 158, 163, 180, 184, 185, 196, 197, 203, 206, 212, 213, 219, 234, 236, 238, 239, 243, 246, 251, 256, 258, 259, 277. _See also_ LtCol George R. Newton. Company A, 100, 104–107, 112, 132, 158, 236, 243, 278 Company B, 111, 158, 163, 206, 212, 236, 243 Company C, 108, 110, 111, 158, 163, 180, 206, 213, 236, 251, 286 2d Battalion, 98, 112, 133, 135, 138–140, 147, 148, 150, 151, 153, 155–157, 159, 161, 163, 164, 180, 188, 196, 197, 203, 234, 235, 239, 241, 243, 245, 246, 248, 250, 251, 256, 258, 259, 271, 277, 286; Command Post, 158. _See also_ LtCol Harold S. Roise. Headquarters & Service Company, 110 Company D, 108, 110, 112, 113, 133, 135, 139, 140, 147, 148, 150, 157, 158, 161, 163, 197, 240, 241, 245–250, 257, 258 Company E, 104, 105, 112, 133–135, 139, 155, 157, 158, 161, 163, 183, 197, 240, 246, 248, 249, 257, 258 Company F, 113, 133, 135, 139, 155, 158, 161, 163, 197, 240, 241, 245, 246, 249, 257, 258, 259 Weapons Company, 110 3d Battalion, 64, 69, 86, 88, 90–95, 101, 103, 105, 132, 133, 138, 140, 155, 156, 158, 188, 194, 196, 197, 199, 203, 234–236, 239, 246, 256–258, 262, 270, 271, 277, 278, 286. _See also_ LtCol Robert D. Taplett. Company G, 88, 90, 93, 140, 156, 194, 196, 246, 258, 270, 271, 277 Company H, 86, 90, 91, 140, 156, 194, 196, 235, 243, 246, 258 Company I, 90–92, 140, 136, 194–196, 235, 236, 246, 258, 270, 271, 273, 277 Weapons Company, 241 6th Marines, 33, 53, 54, 146 3d Battalion, 33, 54 7th Marines, 25, 32, 33, 37, 54, 65, 66, 80, 130, 131n, 146, 201, 203, 238, 244–246, 254, 256, 259, 262, 264, 268, 270, 276, 279, 282, 284, 285, 287, 289–292; Command post, 275. _See also_ Col Homer L. Litzenberg. Headquarters & Service Company, 201 1st Battalion, 201, 238, 239, 268, 287, 289. _See also_ LtCol Raymond G. Davis. Company A, 276 Company B, 276 Company C, 276 2d Battalion, 201, 238, 259, 268, 273, 277, 282, 287, 289, 290. _See also_ LtCol Thornton M. Hinkle, and Maj Webb D. Sawyer. Company D, 267, 268, 275 Company E, 268, 275 Company F, 268, 275 3d Battalion, 53, 146, 201, 238, 268, 277, 282, 287, 289. _See also_ Maj Maurice E. Roach Company G, 268, 275, 276 Company H, 268, 275 Company I, 275 11th Marines, 63, 64, 71, 80, 96, 131, 166, 167, 173, 188, 192, 210, 211, 215, 221, 222, 243, 248, 254, 262, 263, 291 1st Battalion, 64, 131, 194, 254, 286 Battery A, 159 Battery B, 245 2d Battalion, 64, 131, 215, 254 3d Battalion, 33, 131n, 201, 254, 287 4th Battalion, 131, 194, 215, 254 1st Amphibian Tractor Battalion, 65, 79, 184, 188, 202, 254, 255 Company A, 251 1st Armored Amphibian Tractor Battalion, 76 1st Combat Service Group, 76, 79, 96, 127, 129 1st Engineer Battalion, 65, 142, 184, 188, 202 Company A, 91, 93, 142, 156, 159, 163, 167, 178, 191, 220, 250 Company C, 118, 210, 251, 259 Company D, 33, 275, 287 1st Medical Battalion, 93, 130, 131, 281 Company E, 33 1st Motor Transport Battalion, 286 Company D, 33 7th Motor Transport Battalion, 76, 127, 129 1st Ordnance Battalion, 31, 96, 202 Battery C, 1st 4.5-inch Rocket Battalion, 215 1st Service Battalion, 96 1st Shore Party Battalion, 65, 76, 126, 127, 185, 188, 200, 202 Headquarters & Service Company, 126 Group A, 96, 125 Group B, 128 Company C, 33 1st Signal Battalion, 166, 167, 219, 291 1st Tank Battalion, 65, 76, 80, 132, 202 Headquarters Company, 132 Company A, 105, 132, 135, 139, 147, 148, 156, 158, 163, 188, 199, 286 Company B, 132, 249, 251, 259, 271 Company C, 132, 209, 211 Company D, 33, 132, 286, 287 Reconnaissance Company, 1st Marine Division, 47, 138, 141, 177, 184, 188, 194, 256, 259, 264, 271 1st Replacement Draft, 30
Marshall, Cdr Edmund S. L. USN, 45
Martson, Sgt Richard L., 161
Masan, 28, 171, 254
Medical collecting points, 281
Medical supplies, 281
Mediterranean, 33, 53
Merritt, 2dLt Max A, 111–113
Mexico, 12
MICOWEX, Operation, 50, 19
MIKI, Operation, 5, 19, 41
Miller, Lt C. M., USN, 110_n_
Milne, LtCol Harry T., 132
Mine field North Korean, 210, 211, 250, 251, 259, 261, 276, 277, 287 United States, 91, 271
Mines, land North Korean, 92, 93, 178, 181, 210, 221, 247, 278, 279, 284, 289 United States, 45, 214, 220, 263, 271
Mines, naval, North Korean, 85, 86, 104
Mine, land, clearance, 272, 281
Minesweepers (AM), 83
Minesweepers, Auxiliary Motor (AMS), 83
Minette, Col W. P., 35
_Missouri_ (BB), USS, 144, 202
Mize, 1stLt Charles D., 271
Monegan, PFC Walter C. Jr., 151, 173, 213_n_, 214
Monroe Doctrine, 11
_Montague_ (AKA), USS, 54
Montross, Lynn, 27_n_, 86_n_, 130_n_
Moody, Capt Richard E., 34
Mooney, 2dLt Arthur R., 276
Moore, Cdr Theophilus H., USN, 45
Moore, LtCol Floyd R., 34
Morgan, Cpl James, 193
Moses, Maj Emile P. Jr., 33
Mount, LtCol Charles M., USA, 221
_Mount McKinley_ (ACC), USS, 14, 35, 37, 55–57, 60, 62, 63, 71, 74, 75, 77, 78, 83, 84, 87, 88, 90–93, 95, 101, 103, 104, 142, 166–168, _pic._
Muetzel, 2dLt Francis, W., 104_n_, 105, 133_n_
Mullaney, 1stLt Paul V., 267
Munhang Peninsula, 100, 135, 136, 138, 141
Murray, LtCol Raymond L., 73, 113, 136, 138, 152, 158, 159, 187, 190, 193, 194, 206, 233, 238, 239, 258, 283, _pic._
Musical instruments, 283
Myers, Maj Reginald R., 117_n_, 115, 183_n_, 209_n_
Naktong River, 47, 171
Naktong Bulge, 66
Namdong Peninsula, 138, 141, 153, 177
Napalm, 67, 85, 86, 93, 125, 134, 169, 248, 260
National Security Act of 1947, 5_n_, 50
Naval gunfire support, 67, 69, 71, 95, 102, 144, 145, 163, 166, 167, 178, 202, 291
Naval vessels. _See_ individual ships and types.
Navy, U. S., 5, 15, 45, 46, 48, 49, 59, 103, 145, 146, 297 Troop Training Unit, Amphibious Training Command, Pacific Fleet, 4–6, 28, 77 Mobile Training Team Able, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 58, 66, 67 Sixth Fleet, 53, 146 Seventh Fleet, 2, 14, 144 Joint Task Force (JTF-7), 70, 73, 81, 102, 201, 295 Task Force 77, 2, 70, 85–87, 102, 145 Task Force 90, 73 Task Group 90.1, 81, 87 Task Group 90.3, 83 Task Group 90.5, 70, 145 Task Group 95.5, 85 Amphibious Group One (PhibGru 1) 5–7, 9, 13–15, 45, 46, 56, 57, 59, 62, 63, 67, 71, 166, 293 Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT), 47, 88, 115 Underwater Demolition Team 1, 121 Surgical teams, 130
Nebergal, 1stLt Max N., 166
New Britain operation, 9–11, 17
Newton, LtCol George R., 98, 108_n_, 111, 112, 127, 158, 163, 188, 206, 212, 246
Nicaragua, 12, 49
Nippon Flour Company, 108, 111
Noble, MajGen Alfred H., 33–35
_Noble_ (APA), USS, 32
Nokpon-ni, 236, 241
Nolan, 2dLt Harry J., 113, 241, 245, 246
_Normday_, SS, 32, 75
Norfolk, Virginia, 53
North Point, 92, 95, 96
Northern Solomons, 27
Objective Able, 100, 108, 111, 112, 117, 122, 126 Baker, 100, 108, 111–113, 126 Charlie, 100, 112, 120, 122, 126 Dog, 100, 115, 122
Obong-ni Ridge, 47
Observatory Hill, 95, 98, 108, 110–113, 133
Oeoso-ri, 172, 185, 200, 283
_Oglethorpe_ (AKA), USS, 14
O’Grady, TSgt W., 34
Okinawa, 17, 51, 84
Olson, LtCol Merlin R., 104_n_
Omaha, Nebraska, 42
O’Neil, Pvt Oliver, Jr., 214
Operation Order (OpnO). _See_ Plans and orders.
Osan, 7, 8, 44
Outer tidal basin, Inchon, 121
PC 703 (ROKN), 61 PCEC, 83 PCEC 896----102, 103
Pak Han Lin, Col, NKPA, 233
Palmi-do, 62, 87
Panama, 48
Panama Canal, 53
Paolino, TSgt Pasquale, 210_n_, 260
Paris, France, 17
Parrish, CWO Bill E., 158
Parry, Maj Francis F., 201, 287
Partridge, LtCol John H., 142, 184, 184_n_, 199
Patton, Gen George C., USA, 8
Paul, Capt John F., 193
Pearl Harbor, 1, 3, 4, 7, 13, 30, 43, 84
Pedersen, Capt Pool F., 108, 111, 180, 208
Peleliu, 17, 51
Pendleton, Camp Joseph H., California, 17, 18, 22–25, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 35, 54, 76, 80, 113, 127, 132, 293
Pensacola, Florida, 27
Pentagon, 3, 22, 44
Peters, Capt Uel D., 117, 240, 241, 245
Peterson, 1stLt Elmer G., 195, 196, 208
Petroleum-Oil-Lubricants (POL), 169
Phase Line CC, 153, 167, 175
_Philippine Sea_ (CV), USS, 87
Philippines, 27
Phillips, Capt Walter D., Jr., 275
_Pickaway_ (APA), USS, 83
Plans and orders Operation Plan 712, 49 Plan ABLE, 20 Plan BAKER, 14, 20 FECOM Operation Plan CHROMITE, 57 Operation Plan 110-B, 57 ComNavFE Operation Plan 108-50, 73 X Corps Operational Instructions No. 1, 183 Operation Order 1, 73 Operation Order 2, 212 Operation Order 5, 292 1st Marine Division Embarkation Plan 1-50, 28, 31, 73 Operation Order 1-50, 28 Operation Order 2-50, 62, 73 Operation Order 3-50, 133 Operation Order 4-50, 136 Operation Order 5-50, 153 Operation Order 6-50, 183 Operation Order 7-50, 187 Operation Order 9-50, 238 Operation Order 10-50, 251 Operation Order 11-50, 255 Operation Order 12-50, 264 Operation Order 13-50, 285, 286 Operation Order 14-50, 286, 287 Operation Order 15-50, 291 5th Marines Operation Order 24-50, 235 Operation Order 26-50, 245
Pohang-dong, 9, 13, 14, 145, 171 Landing, 14, 15
Pollock, MajGen Edwin A., 32, 290
Pomeroy, Capt William D, 148_n_, 150, 156
Pontoon Movement Group, 83
Port Said, Egypt, 54
PORTREX Operation, 19
Posung-Myon, 44, 48
Premature air bursts, 178
_President Jackson_ (APA), USS, 32, 166
Prisoner of war stockade, 92, 128
Prisoners of war. North Korean, 59, 90, 91, 94, 106, 107, 133, 141, 147, 152, 159, 190, 197, 202, 206, 235, 252, 260, 263, 264, 285, 287, _pic._
Puckett, 2dLt Charles, 192
Pukhan river, 285, 286
Puller, Col Lewis B., 120, 121, 136, 138, 152, 181, 209, 216, 225, 232, 245, 251, 261–263, 272, 283, _pic._
Pusan, 47, 66, 67, 74, 79–81, 83, 195, 281, 293, 298 Logistical Command, 7 Perimeter, 28, 42, 46, 47, 58, 65, 74, 98, 130, 139, 144, 166, 170, 171, 178, 198, 253, 296
Pyo Yang Moon, 143
Pyongyang, 144, 145
Quantico, Virginia, 1, 17, 48, 49
Quebec, 46
Radford, Adm Arthur W., 1, 4, 23, 43, 47
Radio Hill, 88, 90–93, 93
Raft, 184, 199, 200
Rapp, Capt David A., 216_n_
Reclamation depot, 73
Reconnaissance raids, 47, 48
Recruit Depot, San Diego, California, 31
RED Beach. _See_ Beach, RED.
Reeve, LtCol Douglas E., 35
Refugees, 282
Reinburg, Maj Joseph H., 171
Rendezvous areas, 81
Repair Ship, Landing Craft (ARL), 83
Rhee, President Syngman, 284, _pic._
Rice, 282
Rice paddies, 197
Richards, 1stLt Wayne E., 156
Richardson, SSgt P., 33
Rickert, LtCol Robert W., 113, 118_n_, 121
Ridge, LtCol Thomas L., 100_n_, 113_n_, 115, 118, 122, 135, 136_n_, 138_n_, 141_n_, 175_n_, 178, 183, 223_n_, 232, 262
Roach, Maj Maurice E., 146, 201, 268, 287, 289
Roadblock, 178, 191, 211, 261, 263, 287
_Rochester_ (CA), USS, 84, 86, 87, 92, 202
Roise, LtCol Harold S., 98, 104_n_, 110, 111_n_, 112, 113_n_, 139, 148, 133–157, 163, 188, 197_n_, 239, 246, 248, 250, 256, 258
Rosegoom, Hospitalman R. E., _pic._
Rouse, Maj Jules M., 35
Rowny, LtCol Edward L., USA, 200
Ruble, RAdm Richard W., USN, 67
Ruffner, MajGen Clark L., USA, 40, 45, 58, 66, 67, 151, 153, 262
Russell, MajGen John H., 49
Russia, _See_ USSR.
Ryokoku, 276
SCAJAP LSTs, 79 SCAJAP LST QO79, 166
Sachon Creek, 204
Salt Lake Cry, Utah, 1
Salvage vessel (ARS), 83
Samchok, 144, 285
Sampson, RAdm William P., USN, 48
San Clemente Island, 49
San Diego, California, 5, 27, 31, 34, 75–77, 114, 146, 293
San Francisco, California, 1, 30
San Nicholas Island, California, 19
Sansing, 2dLt S. E., 240
Santiago, Cuba, 48
Sartwell, 1stLt Paul P., 267
Sasebo, Japan, 6, 61, 83, 86, 114
Sawyer, Maj Webb D., 289
Scaling ladders, 60, 103, 118, _pic._
Schimmenti, Capt Joseph A., 236
Schnabel, Maj James F., USA, 43_n_, 43_n_
Schneelock, LCdr Ralph H., USN, 102, 103, 108_n_, 126_n_
Schreier, Maj Robert L., 166
Schwyhart, Cdr Robert M., USN, 291
Sea bags, 76
Sea wall, 98, 100, 105, 108, 110, 118, 126, _pic._
Sears, Capt Norman W., USN, 87, 88
Seattle, Washington, _pic._
Seeburger, 1stLt Edward H., 267
Seeley, Maj Henry W., Jr., 35
Seigle. Ensign John, USN, 190, 193_n_
_Seminole_ (AKA), USS, 83
Sengewald, Capt Richard H., 275
Seoul, 2, 6, 40, 58, 76, 136, 144, 147, 148, 160, 165, 172, 181, 183, 187, 190, 196, 198–200, 202–205, 220, 222, 225, 227, 233–235, 238, 243, 245, 249, 251–283, 285–287, 292, 293, 296, 299, _pic._ Ducksoo Palace, 255, 283 Government Palace, 204, 255, 264, 278, 284 Hospital, 281 Hotel Banta, _pic._ Middle School, 277, 278 Railroad station, 271, 273, 279 Sodaemun Prison, 267 Women’s University, 282, 283
Seoul-Ujiongbu road, 256
Sexton, Capt Martin J., 35
Seydel, 1stLt Karle, 247–249, 257
Shefchik, Cpl L., 35
Shepherd, LtGen Lemuel C., Jr., 3, 9, 44, 78, 84, 151, 165, 197, _pic._
Sherman, Maj Donald W., 73, 74
Sherman, Adm Forrest P., USN, 3, 4, 18, 22, 24, 33, 41, 46, 47, 53, 54
Shields, Capt Nicholas L., 268–270, 275
Shore Fire Control Party, 95
Shutler, 2dLt Philip D., 192, 193
_Sicily_ (CVE), USS, 70, 85, 87, 168, 256, 257
Simmons, Maj Edwin H., 113_n_, 114, 116, 136_n_, 141_n_, 225_n_, 263
Simpson, Capt William F., 134, 256
_Siskoh Bay_ (CVE), USS, 54
Sleger, 2dLt J., Jr., 139_n_
Smith, Sgt Alvin E., 90
Smith, 1stLt H. J., 240, 247, 248
Smith, 1stLt James W., 105, 112, 113
Smith, MajGen Oliver P., 17, 18, 23, 27, 28, 33–35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 47, 48, 51, 56_n_, 58, 59, 65–67, 73, 74_n_, 75–78, 80_n_, 81, 83, 84_n_, 88_n_, 97_n_, 98, 101_n_, 133_n_, 136, 141–144, 148, 151–153, 170, 172, 183, 184, 190, 197, 198, 201–203, 204_n_, 239_n_, 241, 244, 250_n_, 251_n_, 254, 255, 256_n_, 259_n_, 261_n_, 262, 282_n_, 283, 284, 285_n_, 291, 292, _pic._ Conference with Gen Ruffner, 40 Interview with Gen MacArthur, 38, 39
Smith, Sgt Robert, 247
Smith’s Ridge, 240, 245–247, 250, 257
Smoke pots, 243
Snedeker, Col Edward W., 73, 142_n_, 200_n_
Snipers, North Korean, 197, 217, 276, 280, 284
Sogam-ni, 135
Sohn Won Yil, RAdm, ROKN, 143, 144, 152
Sojong, 197
Soper, Capt James B., 61_n_
Soryu-li, 158, 161
Sosa, 153, 167, 175, 177, 178, 180, 181, 209, 212
South Mountain, 203, 255, 263, 273, 274, 279, 283
_Southerland_ (DD), USS, 87
_Southwind_, SS, 32
Soviet-American occupation of Korea, 2
Soviet Union. _See_ USSR.
Sowolmi-do, 42, 67, 92–94
Spanish-American War, 11
Sparks, 1stLt William F., 195
Stamford, Cape Edward P., 5_n_
Stanford, Capt Norman R., 273
Stein, TSgt, Max, 111
Stevens, Capt John R., 104_n_, 105–107
Stewart, Cape Gerald H., 158_n_, 235_n_
Stewart, LtCol Joseph L., 73, 142
Strategic bombing, 3
Stratemeyer, LtGen George E., USAF, 2, 12, 144, 170
Stratton, 1stLt Franklin, 289
Struble, VAdm A. D., USN, 45_n_, 57, 66, 67, 84, 85, 92, 145, 151, 197, 295_n_, _pic._
Stumpges, MSgt F. J., 35
Suda Bay, Crete, 53
Suez Canal, 33, 54, 146
Supplies North Korean, 232 United States, 79, 200, 243 Medical, 228
Supply Dumps North Korean, 289 United States, 127–129, 185 Medical, 200
Sutter, LtCol, Allan, 113_n_, 116, 123, 135, 140_n_, 173, 183, 210, 211, 213, 221, 223_n_, 271_n_, 273
Suwon, 58, 181, 225, 254
Suyuhyon, 286, 287
SWARMER Operation, 19
Sweet, Lt Granville G., 91, 93, 139
_Swanson_ (DD), USS, 86, 87
Swords, 2dLt John J., 226, 227, 231
Tactical Air Control, 70, 181
Tactical Air Direction Center (TADC), 104, 168
Taebu-do, 61
Taegu, 28, 171
Taejon, 14, 15, 28, 253, 254
Taejong-ni, 155
Talasea, 17
Tanks. See Weapons.
Tank support, U.S., 251
Taplett, LtCol Robert D., 88, 91–95, 101, 140, 155, 156, 188, 243, 256, 258, 277
Tarawa, 103
Task Force Kumpo, 286, 290
Taylor, Capt Richard M., 209
_Tentative Manual on Landing Operations_, 49
Thach, Capt John H., USN, 257
Thirty-Eighth Parallel, 181
Thompson, 2dLt Carl B., Jr., 279
Tide, 94
Tinsley, Lt Leland, USN, 110_n_
_Titania_ (AKA), USS, 14, 32
Tokyo, 4, 7, 9, 12, 14, 28, 35, 37, 44, 46–48, 75, 144, 197, 198
_Toledo_ (CA), USS, 86, 87, 202
Tongdok Mountains, 216, 221
Tractor Movement Group. _See_ U. S. Navy, Task Group 90.3.
Traffic control, 200
Training, 75, 196
Training Bulletin No. 36–50 (1st Marine Division), 28
Trapnell, 2dLt Nicholas M., 278
Transport Group, 84
Transport Movement Group, 83
Transports (AP), 75, 83, 84
Transports, Attack (APA), 63, 79, 83
Transports, High speed (APD), 63, 79, 83
Transportation, North Korean Vehicles, 171, 181, 213, 274 Trucks, 140, 147, 213–215, 278, 289 Jeeps, 140 United States Vehicles, 127, 188, 287 DUKWs, 102, 131, 178, 185, 196, 199, 200, 294 Jeeps, 178, 197, 221, 290 Trucks, 169, 220 “Weasel”, 219
Trapp, LCdr R. I., USN, 110_n_
Trompeter, Maj Joseph D., 117_n_, 209
Truman, President Harry S., 2, 4, 9, 22, 152, 190
Tsushima Strait, 81
Tugs, 83, 85
Tulagi, 38
Turkey, 48
Turner, Capt Craig B., 287
_Twin Falls Victory_, SS, 32
Uijongbu, 282, 286, 287, 290
Underwood, TSgt George C., 256
Underwood, Lt Horace, USN, 190
_Union_ (AKA), USS, 14
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1, 2, 57, 233, 292; possible intervention in Korean War, 9
United Nations, 1, 2 Blockade and Covering Force, 65 Cemetery, Inchon, 291, _pic._ Command, 9, 28, 57, 297, 298 Security Council, 2, 9, 297 Supreme Commander. _See_ General of the Army Douglas MacArthur.
United States, 2, 7 Forces in the Far East, 2 Ground Forces 1st enemy contact by, 7 intervention,3 Military Academy, 7_n_
_Valley Forge_ (CV). USS, 87
Van Cleve, Capt Roy R., 270_n_, 275_n_
Vieques, 49
Vining, 1stLt Norm, 223
Volcansek, LtCol Max J. Jr., 169, 257
Waegwon, 171
Walker, LtGen Walton H., USA, 8, 9, 46, 171
Walseth, Col Harvey S., 35
Wan Yong, BrigGen (NKPA), 160
_Wantuch_ (APD), USS, 102, 115
Washington. D C., 3, 17, 23, 27, 44
Water, 125
Water Barge (YW), 83
Water Point, 142
Wayerski, 2dLt Joseph R., 95, 202_n_
Weapons North Korean Antiaircraft guns, 85, 289, 295 Antitank guns, 92, 177, 208, 246, 247, 250, 261, 272, 279, _pic._ 76mm, 92, 140 14.5mm, 194 Armor, 8, 205, 214 Artillery, 93, 97, 171, 205, 209, 210, 215, 235, 241, 245–247, 274, 289, 290 Heavy, 234 Automatic Weapon, 157, 222, 245, 261, 279 Bayonets, 277 Grenades, 101, 112, 260 Guns, 45, 84–86 Coast defense, 136 76mm, 94, 233 76mm self-propelled, 262, 263, 278 Howitzer, 278 Machine guns, 94, 106, 110, 111, 120, 136, 156, 159, 194, 195, 208, 210, 250, 267, 277 Mortar, 95, 110, 209, 215, 245–247, 257, 261, 263, 289 120mm, 136, 234 122mm, 140 Pistols, 2 Rifles, 136, 160, 267, 272, 277 Small arms, 177, 209 Submachine guns, 160, 272 Tanks, 2, 95, 97, 132, 134, 139, 171, 181, 229, 262, 263, 274, 290, 297 T-34, 2, 8, 134, 139, 148, 150, 151, 161, 175, 213–215, 229, 231, 263, _pic._ South Korea: 105mm howitzers, 2 United States Artillery, 31, 63, 64, 70, 166, 180, 194, 222, 235, 236, 238, 239, 248, 251, 252, 257, 258, 263, 286, 296 Shortages of, 8 BAR, 150, 161, 196, 229 Carbine, 161 Flame thrower, 94, 106 Grenades, 86, 94, 105, 106, 107, 112, 157, 214, 228 Howitzers, 96, 208, 210, 215, 221, 222, 243, 248, 263, _pic._ Machine guns, 105, 148, 150, 208, 214, 217, 229, 247 Heavy, 163, 226, 227, 263 Light, 226, 228 50-caliber, 236 Mortar, 70, 105, 217, 236, 273, 278, 263 4.2 inch, 251, 252 81mm, 206, 214, 248, 263, 270, 278 60mm, 226, 229, 240, 267, 278 Recoilless rifles, 163, 173 75mm, 148, 150, 263 Rifles, 150, 161 Rocket-launchers, 148, 214 2.36-inch, 8, 150 3.5-inch, 148, 150, 229, 263 Submachine guns (Tommy guns), 86 Tanks, 31, 91, 93, 94, 138, 163, 188, 199, 208, 210, 221, 235, 239, 243, 247, 250, 257, 259, 260, 272, 277–280, 286, 287, 289, _pic._ Dozer, 211 Flame, 260, 272, 279 M-4A3, 132 M-24, 8 M-26, 91, 105, 138, 139, 147, 150, 156, 157, 175–177, 209, 220, 240, 260, 261, 271, 272
Weidemeyer, Lt Dick, 110_n_, 127_n_
Weir, Col Kenneth H., 169
Westover, Capt George C., 118, 141_n_
_Whitesand Bay_ (PF), HMS, 144
Wilcox, Capt Myron E., 276
Wildman, Capt Patrick W., 90, 92, 188
Williams, Capt Albert L., 183
Williams, Capt Bruce F., 259, 260
Williams, Lt Edward B., USN, 5
Williams, Col Gregon A., 35, 78
Williams, Maj Lloyd O., 35
Williamson, lstLt Wallace, 195, 270
Wilson, LCdr James C., USN, 110_n_
Wirth, lstLt Karl, 248
Wol Ki Chan, MajGen, NKPA, 233
Wolmi-do, 42, 45, 59, 63, 64, 67, 69, 74, 77, 78, 85–94, 101, 103–105, 129, 131, 142, 145, 152, 167, _pic._
Wonjong-ni, 201, 212
Wonsan, 41, 285, 292
World Series, 291
World War I, 48
World War II, 7, 49, 51, 59, 97, 130, 292
Wray, Capt Robert P., 121_n_, 216, 217, 219, 273
Wright, BrigGen Edwin K., USA, 6, 9, 43, 45, 66, 67, 151, _pic._
Wyczawski, LtCol Richard W., 170, 257
Yasso, Hospitalman Frank J., _pic._
YELLOW Beach. _See_ Beaches, YELLOW.
Yellow Sea, 81, 85, 87
_Yellowstone_ (AD), USS, 53
Yellowstone Park, 1
Yokohama, Japan, 13, 14, 80, 81, 83
Yokosuka, Japan, 5_n_, 80
Yongdok, 145
Yongdong, 15
Yonghung-do, 61, 62
Yongdungpo, 180, 181, 183, 184, 197–199, 203–206, 208, 209, 212, 213, 215, 216, 220–222, 225–229, 231–233, 243, 244, 254, 281 Brewery, _pic._ Hospital, 281
Yongil Bay, 14
Young People’s Anti-Communist Resistance League, 141
Zorn, Capt Elmer J., 275
SET AND PRINTED FOR THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1955. TEXT SET IN 12-POINT GRANJON AND PRINTED ON OFFSET VELLUM STOCK.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C.--Price $2.50
Transcriber’s Notes
Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.
Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.
Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations.
The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.
The index reference to page 186 is incorrect: that page is blank.