CHAPTER X

THE PRINCIPATE

_THE POWERS OF THE PRINCEPS_

1. The chief bases of the Princeps’ authority; the _proconsulare imperium_ and the _tribunicia potestas_; nature of the _imperium_, 341. Powers connected with the _imperium_, 344. Powers connected with the _tribunicia potestas_, 346. The Princeps as consul, 347; as censor, 347. Extraordinary rights conferred on the Princeps, 348. Dispensation from laws, 350. The Princeps as head of the state religion, 350.

_TITLES, INSIGNIA, AND HONOURS OF THE PRINCEPS_

2. Appellatives and titles, 351. _Insignia_, 355. Other honours, 355. The _domus Caesaris_, 356. _Amici_ and _comites_, 357.

_CREATION, TRANSMISSION, AND ABROGATION OF THE PRINCIPATE_

3. Election of a Princeps, 358. Designation of a successor, 360. Hereditary succession, 362. Deposition of a Princeps, 362. Recognition of a reign, 363.

_THE OTHER POWERS IN THE STATE—THE MAGISTRACY, THE COMITIA, AND THE SENATE_

4. The magistracy, 363. The individual magistrates, 367. The _comitia_ 371. The Senate, 373.

_THE CHIEF DEPARTMENTS OF THE STATE; THE DUAL CONTROL OF SENATE AND PRINCEPS_

5. The dyarchy, 377. Legislation; legislative power of the _comitia_, 377. Quasi-legislative power of the Senate, 377; of the Princeps, 378. Jurisdiction, 381. Division of civil jurisdiction, 382. The civil courts of appeal, 382. The appeal from the provinces, 385. Criminal jurisdiction, 386. The criminal courts of appeal, 390. The power of pardon, 391. The dyarchy in administration, 393; in finance, 394; in the control of _cultus_, 397; in the control of coinage, 397. The extent to which the dyarchy was a reality, 397.

_THE SENATORIAL AND THE EQUESTRIAN NOBILITY_

6. The senatorial order, 399. The equestrian order, 402.

_THE FUNCTIONARIES OF THE PRINCEPS_

7. The praefects, 406. _Praefectus urbi_, 406. _Praefectus praetorio_, 409. _Praefectus annonae_, 411. _Praefectus vigilum_, 412. The curators, 413. The procurators, 414. Personal assistants; the imperial secretariate 418. The imperial _consilium_, 420.

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