CHAPTER X
ARRANGEMENT OF VASCULAR BUNDLES
Types of fibro-vascular bundles 292 Radial vascular bundles 292 Concentric vascular bundles 295 Collateral vascular bundles 295 Bi-collateral vascular bundles 298 Open collateral vascular bundles 298
INDEX
TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE FIG. 1. Tripod Magnifier 4 FIG. 2. Watchmaker’s Loupe 4 FIG. 3. Folding Magnifier 4 FIG. 4. Reading Glass 4 FIG. 5. Steinheil Aplanatic Lens 5 FIG. 6. Dissecting Microscope 5 FIG. 7. Compound Microscope of Robert Hooke 8 FIG. 8. Compound Microscope 10 FIG. 9. Abbé Condenser 11 FIG. 10. 11 FIG. 11. 11 FIG. 12. Objectives 11 FIG. 13. 12 FIG. 14. 12 FIG. 15. Eye-Pieces. 12 FIG. 16. Pharmacognostic Microscope 12 FIG. 17. Research Microscope 14 FIG. 18. Special Research Microscope 14 FIG. 19. Greenough Binocular Microscope 15 FIG. 20. Polarization Microscope 16 FIG. 21. Ocular Micrometer 19 FIG. 22. Stage Micrometer 19 FIG. 23. Micrometer Eye-Piece 20 FIG. 24. Micrometer Eye-Piece 21 FIG. 25. Mechanical Stage 22 FIG. 26. Camera Lucida 22 FIG. 27. Camera Lucida 22 FIG. 28. Drawing Apparatus 23 FIG. 29. Microphotographic Apparatus 24 FIG. 30. Micro Lamp 27 FIG. 31. Paraffin-embedding Oven 30 FIG. 32. Paraffin Blocks 31 FIG. 33. Hand Microtome 31 FIG. 34. Hand Cylinder Microtome 34 FIG. 35. Hand Table Microtome 34 FIG. 36. Base Sledge Microtome 35 FIG. 37. Minot Rotary Microtome 36 FIG. 38. Reagent Set 39 FIG. 39. Measuring Cylinder 40 FIG. 40. Staining Dish 40 FIG. 41. Round Cover Glass 44 FIG. 42. Square Cover Glass 44 FIG. 43. Rectangular Cover Glass 44 FIG. 44. Glass Slide 44 FIG. 45. Histological Forceps 45 FIG. 46. Forceps 45 FIG. 47. Sliding-pin Forceps 45 FIG. 48. Dissecting Needle 46 FIG. 49. Scissors 46 FIG. 50. Scalpels 47 FIG. 51. Turntable 47 FIG. 52. Slide Box 48 FIG. 53. Slide Tray 48 FIG. 54. Slide Cabinet 49
PLATE 1 THE ONION ROOT 56 PLATE 2 LEAF EPIDERMIS 60 PLATE 3 LEAF EPIDERMIS 61 PLATE 4 TESTA EPIDERMAL CELLS 64 PLATE 5 TESTA CELLS 65 PLATE 6 PAPILLÆ 68 PLATE 7 UNICELLULAR SOLITARY HAIRS 70 PLATE 8 CLUSTERED UNICELLULAR HAIRS 71 PLATE 9 MULTICELLULAR UNISERIATE NON-BRANCHED HAIRS 73 PLATE 10 MULTICELLULAR MULTISERIATE NON-BRANCHED HAIRS 75 PLATE 11 MULTICELLULAR UNISERIATE BRANCHED HAIRS 76 PLATE 12 NON-GLANDULAR MULTICELLULAR HAIRS 78 PLATE 13 MULTICELLULAR MULTISERIATE BRANCHED HAIRS 79 PLATE 14 MULTICELLULAR MULTISERIATE BRANCHED HAIRS 81 PLATE 15 MULTICELLULAR MULTISERIATE BRANCHED HAIRS 82 PLATE 16 PERIDERM OF CASCARA SAGRADA (_Rhamnus purshiana_, D.C.) 84 PLATE 17 MANDRAKE RHIZOME and WHITE CINNAMON 86 PLATE 18 PERIDERM OF WHITE OAK (_Quercus alba_, L.) 87 PLATE 19 CRYSTAL-BEARING FIBRES OF BARKS 91 PLATE 20 CRYSTAL-BEARING FIBRES OF BARKS 93 PLATE 21 CRYSTAL-BEARING FIBRES OF LEAVES 94 PLATE 22 BRANCHED BAST FIBRES 95 PLATE 23 POROUS AND STRIATED BAST FIBRES 97 PLATE 24 POROUS AND NON-STRIATED BAST FIBRES 98 PLATE 25 NON-POROUS AND STRIATED BAST FIBRES 99 PLATE 26 NON-POROUS AND NON-STRIATED BAST FIBRES 101 PLATE 27 GROUPS OF BAST FIBRES 102 PLATE 28 WOOD FIBRES 105 PLATE 29 CATNIP STEM and MOTHERWORT STEM 107 PLATE 30 COLLENCHYMA CELLS 108 PLATE 31 BRANCHED STONE CELLS 110 PLATE 32 POROUS AND STRIATED STONE CELLS 113 PLATE 33 POROUS AND NON-STRIATED STONE CELLS 114 PLATE 34 CINNAMON, RUELLA ROOT, CASCARA and CINNAMON 115 PLATE 35 CROSS-SECTIONS OF ENDODERMAL CELLS OF 117 PLATE 36 LONGITUDINAL SECTIONS OF ENDODERMAL CELLS 119 PLATE 37 HYPODERMAL CELLS 120 PLATE 38 CROSS-SECTION OF SARSAPARILLA ROOT (_Smilax officinalis_, Kunth) 123 PLATE 39 ROOT HAIRS (Fragments) 124 PLATE 40 ANNULAR AND SPIRAL VESSELS 129 PLATE 41 SPIRAL VESSELS 130 PLATE 42 SCLARIFORM VESSELS 132 PLATE 43 RETICULATE VESSELS 133 PLATE 44 PITTED VESSELS 134 PLATE 45 VESSELS 135 PLATE 46 SIEVE TUBE 137 PLATE 47 RADIAL LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF WHITE SANDALWOOD (_Santalum album_, L.) 140 PLATE 48 KAVA-KAVA ROOT and WHITE PINE BARK 143 PLATE 49 BLACK INDIAN HEMP and BLACK INDIAN HEMP ROOT 145 PLATE 50 LATEX VESSELS 146 PLATE 51 PARENCHYMA CELLS 148 PLATE 52 GRINDELIA STEM (longitudinal) and GRINDELIA STEM (cross-section) 149 PLATE 53 ACONITE STEM and PEPPERMINT STEM 152 PLATE 54 TYPES OF STOMA 153 PLATE 55 LEAF EPIDERMI WITH STOMA 155 PLATE 56 BELLADONNA LEAF, DEER TONGUE LEAF and WHITE PINE LEAF 156 PLATE 57 ELDER BARK 159 PLATE 58 INTERCELLULAR AIR SPACES 160 PLATE 59 IRREGULAR INTERCELLULAR AIR SPACES 161 PLATE 60 GLANDULAR HAIRS 165 PLATE 61 STALKED GLANDULAR HAIRS 167 PLATE 62 CALAMUS RHIZOME and WHITE PINE BARK 169 PLATE 63 CANELLA ALBA BARK and KLIP BUCHU LEAF 170 PLATE 64 BITTER ORANCE PEEL and WHITE PINE LEAF 171 PLATE 65 CINNAMON, CALUMBA, PARENCHYMA, SARSAPARILLA, LEPTANDRA, QUEBRACHO, BLACKBERRY 174 PLATE 66 MUCILAGE AND RESIN 175 PLATE 67 CROSS-SECTION OF SKUNK-CABBAGE LEAF (_Symplocarpus fœtidus_, [L.] Nutt.) 177 PLATE 68 RESERVE CELLULOSE 180 PLATE 69 RESERVE CELLULOSE 181 PLATE 70 STARCH 186 PLATE 71 STARCH 187 PLATE 72 STARCH 189 PLATE 73 STARCH 190 PLATE 74 STARCH 191 PLATE 75 STARCH GRAINS 192 PLATE 76 STARCH MASSES 193 PLATE 77 INULIN (_Inula helenium_, L.) 195 PLATE 77_a_ ALEURONE GRAINS 199 PLATE 78 MICRO-CRYSTALS 201 PLATE 79 RAPHIDES 203 PLATE 80 ROSETTE CRYSTALS 204 PLATE 81 INCLOSED ROSETTE CRYSTALS 206 PLATE 82 SOLITARY CRYSTAL 207 PLATE 83 SOLITARY CRYSTALS 208 PLATE 84 SOLITARY CRYSTALS 209 PLATE 85 SOLITARY CRYSTALS 211 PLATE 86 SOLITARY CRYSTALS 212 PLATE 87 ROSETTE CRYSTALS AND SOLITARY CRYSTALS OCCURRING IN 213 PLATE 88 CYSTOLITHS 214 PLATE 89 CROSS-SECTION OF ROOT OF SPIGELIA MARYLANDICA, L. 220 PLATE 90 RUELLIA ROOT (_Ruellia ciliosa_, Pursh.). 222 PLATE 91 CROSS-SECTION OF RHIZOME OF SPIGELIA MARYLANDICA, L. 224 PLATE 92 CROSS-SECTION OF RHIZOME OF RUELLIA CILIOSA, Pursh. 225 PLATE 93 POWDERED SPIGELIA MARYLANDICA, L. 228 PLATE 94 POWDERED RUELLIA CILIOSA, Pursh. 229 PLATE 95 CROSS-SECTION OF STEM OF SPIGELIA MARYLANDICA, L. 234 PLATE 96 CROSS-SECTION OF STEM OF RUELLIA CILIOSA, Pursh. 236 PLATE 97 POWDERED HOREHOUND (_Marrubium vulgare_, L). 238 PLATE 98 SPURIOUS HOREHOUND (_Marrubium peregrinum_, L.) 239 PLATE 99 POWDERED INSECT FLOWER STEMS (_Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium_, [Trev.], Vis.) 240 PLATE 100 CROSS-SECTION OF BUCHU STEMS (_Barosma betulina_ [Berg.], Barth, and Wendl.) 243 PLATE 101 BUCHU STEM and LEPTANDRA RHIZOME 244 PLATE 102 POWDERED BUCHU STEMS (_Barosma betulina_ [Berg.], Barth. and Wendl.). 246 PLATE 103 CROSS-SECTION OF UNROSSED WHITE PINE BARK (_Pinus strobus_, L.) 249 PLATE 104 POWDERED WHITE PINE BARK (_Pinus strobus_, L.) 251 PLATE 105 CROSS-SECTION OF QUASSIA WOOD (_Picræna excelsa_ [Sw.], Lindl.) 255 PLATE 106 TANGENTIAL SECTION OF QUASSIA WOOD (_Picræna excelsa_ [Sw.], Lindl.) 256 PLATE 107 RADIAL SECTION OF QUASSIA WOOD (_Picræna excelsa_ [Sw.], Lindl.) 257 PLATE 108 CROSS-SECTION OF KLIP BUCHU JUST OVER THE VEIN 261 PLATE 109 POWDERED KLIP BUCHU 263 PLATE 110 CROSS-SECTION MOUNTAIN LAUREL (_Kalmia latifolia_, L.) 265 PLATE 111 CROSS-SECTION TRAILING ARBUTUS LEAF (_Epigæa repens_, L.) 266 PLATE 112 POWDERED INSECT FLOWER LEAVES 268 PLATE 113 SMOOTH-WALLED POLLEN GRAINS 271 PLATE 114 SPINY WALLED POLLEN GRAINS 272 PLATE 115 PAPILLÆ 275 PLATE 116 PAPILLÆ OF STIGMAS 276 PLATE 117 PAPILLÆ OF STIGMAS 277 PLATE 118 POWDERED CLOSED INSECT FLOWER 279 PLATE 119 POWDERED OPEN INSECT FLOWER 281 PLATE 120 POWDERED WHITE DAISIES (_Chrysanthemum leucanthemum_, L.) 283 PLATE 121 CROSS-SECTION OF CELERY FRUIT (_Apium graveolens_, L.) 286 PLATE 121 CROSS-SECTION OF CELERY FRUIT (_Apium graveolens_, L.) 286 PLATE 123 CROSS-SECTION SWEET ALMOND SEED 290 PLATE 124 CROSS-SECTION OF A RADIAL VASCULAR BUNDLE OF SKUNK CABBAGE ROOT 293 PLATE 125 CROSS-SECTION OF A PHLOEM-CENTRIC BUNDLE OF CALAMUS RHIZOME (_Acorus calamus_, L.) 294 PLATE 126 CROSS-SECTION OF A CLOSED COLLATERAL BUNDLE OF MANDRAKE STEM (_Podophyllum peltatum_, L.) 286 PLATE 127 BI-COLLATERAL BUNDLE OF PUMPKIN STEM (_Curcurbita pepo_, L.) 297
## Part I
SIMPLE AND COMPOUND MICROSCOPES AND MICROSCOPIC TECHNIC
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