III.

_Extract of a Letter from Wm. Bickford, Esq., to the Rev. Mr. Amory of Taunton, dated Dunsland, March_ 7, 1731.

[MS. Addit., Brit. Mus., 4309, fol. 358.]

I cannot forbear acquainting you of a very curious passage in relation to Charles the Second's Restoration. Sir Wm. Morrice, who was one of the Secretaries of State soon after, was the person who chiefly transacted that affair with Monk, so that all the papers in order to it were sent him, both from King Charles and Lord Clarendon. Just after the thing was finished, Lord Clarendon got more than 200 of these Letters and other papers from Morrice under pretence of finishing his History, and which were never returned. Lord Somers, when he was chancellor, told Morrice's Grandson that if he would file a Bill in Chancery, he would endeavour to get them; but young Morrice having deserted the Whig Interest, was {8} prevailed upon to let it drop. This I know to be fact, for I had it not only from the last-mentioned Gentleman, but others of that family, especially a son of the Secretaries. As soon as I knew this, I took the first opportunity of searching the study, and found some very curious Letters, which one time or other I design to publish together with the account of that affair. My mother being Niece to the Secretary, hath often heard him say that Charles the Second was not only very base in not keeping the least of the many things that he had promised; but by debauching the Nation, had rendered it fitt for that terrible fellow (meaning the Duke of York) to ruin us all, and then Monk and him would be remembred to their Infamy.

(_To be continued._)

* * * * *

BURIAL-PLACE OF ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON.

On a visit this autumn with some friends to the picturesque village and church of Horsted-Keynes, Sussex, our attention was forcibly arrested by the appearance of two large pavement slabs, inserted in an erect position on the external face of the south wall of the chancel. They proved to be those which once had covered and protected the grave of the good Archbishop Leighton, who passed the latter years of his life in that parish, and that of Sir Ellis Leighton, his brother. On inquiry, it appeared that their remains had been deposited within a small chapel on the south side of the chancel, the burial-place of the Lightmaker family, of Broadhurst, in the parish of Horsted. The archbishop retired thither in 1674, and resided with his only sister, Saphira, widow of Mr. Edward Lightmaker. Broadhurst, it may be observed, is sometimes incorrectly mentioned by the biographers of Archbishop Leighton as a parish; it is an ancient mansion, the residence formerly of the Lightmakers, and situated about a mile north of the village of Horsted. There it was that Leighton made his will, in February, 1683; but his death occurred, it will be remembered, in singular accordance with his desire often expressed, at an inn, the Bell, in Warwick Lane, London.

The small chapel adjacent to the chancel, and opening into it by an arch now walled up, had for some time, as I believe, been used as a school-room; more recently, however, either through its becoming out of repair, or from some other cause, the little structure was demolished. The large slabs which covered the tombs of the good prelate and his brother were taken up and fixed against the adjoining wall. The turf now covers the space thus thrown into the open churchyard; nothing remains to mark the position of the graves, which in all probability, ere many years elapse, will be disturbed through ignorance or heedlessness, and the ashes of Leighton scattered to the winds.

In times when special respect has been shown to the tombs of worthies of bygone times, with the recent recollection also of what has been so well carried out by MR. MARKLAND in regard to the grave of Bishop Ken, shall we not make an effort to preserve from desecration and oblivion the resting-place of one so eminent as Leighton for his learning and piety, so worthy to be held in honoured remembrance for his high principles and his consistent conduct in an evil age?

ALBERT WAY.

* * * * *

Minor Notes.

_Grammars, &c. for Public Schools._--Would it not be desirable for some correspondents of "N. & Q." to furnish information respecting grammars, classics, and other works which have been written for the various public schools? Such information might be useful to book collectors; and would also serve to reflect credit on the schools whose learned masters have prepared such books. My contribution to the list is small: but I remember a valuable Greek grammar prepared by the Rev. ---- Hook, formerly head master of the College School at Gloucester, for the use of that establishment; as also a peculiar English grammar prepared by the Rev. R. S. Skillern, master of St. Mary de Crypt School, in the same place, for the use of that school. I also possess a copy (1640) of the _Romanæ Historiæ Anthologia_, for the use of Abingdon School, and _Moses and Aaron, or the Rites and Customs of the Hebrews_ (1641), both by Thos. Godwin, though the latter was written after he ceased to be master of the schools.

P. H. FISHER.

Stroud.

"_To captivate._"--Moore, in his Journal, speaking of the Americans (January 9th, 1819), says:

"They sometimes, I see, use the word _captivate_ thus: 'Five or six ships captivated,' 'Five or six ships captivated.'"

Originally, the words _to captivate_ were synonymous with _to capture_, and the expression was used with reference to warlike operations. To captivate the affections was a secondary use of the phrase. The word is used in the original sense in many old English books. It is not used so now in the United States.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

_Bohn's Edition of Matthew of Westminster._--Under the year A.D. 782, the translator informs us that "Hirenes and _his_ son Constantine became emperors." Such an emperor is not to be found {9} in the annals of Constantinople. If Mr. Yonge, who shows elsewhere that he has read Gibbon, had referred to him on this occasion, he would probably have found that the Empress Irene, a name dear to the reverencers of images, was the person meant. The original Latin probably gives no clue to the sex; but still this empress, who is considered as a saint by her church, notwithstanding the deposition and blinding of her own son, was not a personage to be so easily forgotten.

J. S. WARDEN.

_French Season Rhymes and Weather Rhymes.--_

"A la Saint-Antoine (17th January) Les jours croissent le repas d'un moine."

"A la Saint-Barnabé (11th June) La faux au pré."

"A la Sainte-Cathérine (25th November) Tout bois prend racine."

"Passé la Saint-Clément (23rd November) Ne sème plus froment."

"Si l'hiver va droit son chemin, Vous l'aurez à la Saint-Martin." (12th Nov.)

"S'il n'arreste tant ne quant, Vous l'aurez à la Saint-Clément." (23rd Nov.)

"Et s'il trouve quelqu' encombrée, Vous l'aurez à la Saint-André." (30th Nov.)

CEYREP.

_Curious Epitaph in Tillingham Church, Essex.--_

"Hic jacet Humfridus Carbo, carbone notandus Non nigro, Creta sed meliora tua. Claruit in clero, nulli pietate secundus. Cælum vi rapuit, vi cape si poteris. Ob^t. 27 Mar. 1624. Æt. 77."

Which has been thus ingeniously paraphrased by a friend of mine:

"Here lies the body of good Humphry Cole, Tho' Black his name, yet spotless is his soul; But yet not black tho' Carbo is the name, Thy chalk is scarcely whiter than his fame. A priest of priests, inferior was to none, Took Heaven by storm when here his race was run. Thus ends the record of this pious man; Go and do likewise, reader, if you can."

C. K. P.

Newport, Essex.

* * * * *

Queries.

DOMESTIC LETTERS OF EDMUND BURKE.

In the curious and able article entitled "The Domestic Life of Edmund Burke," which appeared in the _Athenæum_ of Dec. 10th and Dec. 17th (and to which I would direct the attention of such readers of "N. & Q." as have not yet seen it), the writer observes:

"There is not in existence, as far as we know, or have a right to infer from the silence of the biographers, one single letter, paper, or document of any kind--except a mysterious fragment of one letter--relating to the domestic life of the Burkes, until long after Edmund Burke became an illustrious and public man; no letters from parents to children, from children to parents, from brother to brother, or brother to sister."

And as Edmund Burke was the last survivor of the family, the inference drawn by the writer, that they were destroyed by him, seems, on the grounds which he advances, a most reasonable one. But my object in writings is to call attention to a source from which, if any such letters exist, they may yet possibly be recovered; I mean the collections of professed collectors of autographs. On the one hand, it is scarcely to be conceived that the destroyer of these materials for the history of the Burkes, be he who he may, can have got _all_ the family correspondence into his possession. On the other, it is far from improbable that in some of the collections to which I have alluded, some letters, notes, or documents may exist, treasured by the possessors as mere autographs; but which might, if given to the world, serve to solve many of those mysteries which envelope the early history of Edmund Burke. The discovery of documents of such a character seems to be the special province of "N. & Q.," and I hope, therefore, although this letter has extended far beyond the limits I originally contemplated, you will insert it, and so permit me to put this Query to autograph collectors, "Have you any documents illustrative of the Burkes?" and to add as a Note, "If so, print them!"

N. O.

* * * * *

Minor Queries.

_Farrant's Anthem._--From what source did Farrant take the words of his well-known anthem, "Lord, for thy tender mercies' sake?"

C. F. S.

_Ascension Day Custom._--What is the origin of the custom which still obtains in St. Magnus and other city churches, of presenting the clergy with ribbons, cakes, and silk staylaces on Ascension Day?

C. F. S.

_Sawbridge and Knight's Numismatic Collections._--In Snelling's tract on _Pattern Pieces for English Gold and Silver Coins_ (1769), p. 45., it is stated, in the description of a gold Coin of Elizabeth, that it is "unique, formerly in the collection of Thomas Sawbridge, Esq., but at present in the collection of Thomas Knight, Esq., who purchased the whole cabinet."--Can any of your readers inform me who this Mr. Knight was, and whether his collection is still in existence; or if it was dispersed, when, and in what manner? I am not aware of any sale catalogue under his name.

J. B. B.

_"The spire whose silent finger points to heaven."_--I have met with, and sometimes quoted, this line. {10} Who is its author, and in what poem does it occur?

J. W. T.

Dewsbury.

_Lord Fairfax._--In the _Peerage of Scotland_ I find this entry:

"Fairfax, Baron, Charles Snowdon Fairfax, 1627, Baron Fairfax, of Cameron; suc. his grandfather, Thomas, ninth baron, 1846. His lordship resides at Woodburne, in Maryland, United States."

Fairfax is not a Scotch name. And I can find no trace of any person of that family taking a part in Scotch affairs. _Cameron_ is, I suppose, the parish of that name in the east of Fife.

I wish to ask, 1st. For what services, or under what circumstances, the barony was created?

2ndly. When did the family cease to possess land or other property in Scotland, if they ever held any?

3rdly. Is the present peer a citizen or subject of the United States? If so, is he known and addressed as _Lord_ Fairfax, or how?

4thly. Has he, or has any of his ancestors, since the recognition of the United States as a nation, ever used or applied for permission to exercise the functions of a peer of Scotland, _e.g._ in the election of representative peers?

5thly. If he be a subject of the United States, and have taken, expressly or by implication, the oath of citizenship (which pointedly renounces allegiance to our sovereign), how is it that his name is retained on the roll of a body whose first duty it is to guard the throne, and whose existence is a denial of the first proposition in the constitution of his country?

Perhaps UNEDA, W. W., or some other of your Philadelphia correspondents, will be good enough to notice the third of these Queries.

W. H. M.

_Tailless Cats._--A writer in the _New York Literary World_ of Feb. 7, 1852, makes mention of a breed of cats destitute of tails, which are found in the Isle of Man. Perhaps some generous Manx correspondent will say whether this is a fact or a Jonathan.

SHIRLEY HIBBERD.

_Saltcellar._--Can any of your readers gainsay that in saltcellar the cellar is a mere corruption of _salière_? A list of compound words of Saxon and French origin might be curious.

H. F. B.

_Arms and Motto granted to Col. William Carlos._--Can any reader of "N. & Q." give the _date_ of the grant of arms to Col. William Carlos (who assisted Charles II. to conceal himself in the "Royal Oak," after the battle of Worcester), and specify the exact terms of the grant?

[mu].

_Naval Atrocities._--In the article on "Wounds," in the _Encyc. Brit._, 4th edition, published 1810, the author, after mentioning the necessity of a surgeon's being cautious in pronouncing on the character of any wound, adds that "this is particularly necessary on board ship, where, as soon as any man is pronounced by the surgeon to be mortally wounded, he is forthwith, while still living and conscious, thrown overboard," or words to this effect, as I quote from memory. That such horrid barbarity was not practised in 1810, it is needless to say; and if it had been usual at any previous period, Smollett and other writers who have exposed with unsparing hand all the defects in the naval system of their day, would have scarcely left this unnoticed when they attack much slighter abuses. If such a thing ever occurred, even in the worst of times, it must have been an isolated case. I have not met elsewhere with any allusion to this passage, or the atrocity recorded in it, and would be glad of more information on the subject.

J. S. WARDEN.

_Turlehydes._--During the great famine in Ireland land in 1331, it is said that--

"The people in their distress met with an unexpected and providential relief. For about the 24th June, a prodigious number of large sea fish, called turlehydes, were brought into the bay of Dublin, and cast on shore at the mouth of the river Dodder. They were from thirty to forty feet long, and so bulky that two tall men placed one on each side of the fish could not see one another."--_The History and Antiquities of the City of Dublin from the Earliest Accounts_, by Walter Harris, 1766, p. 265.

This account is compiled from several records of the time, some of which still exist. As the term _turlehydes_ is not known to Irish scholars, can any of the readers of "N. & Q." say what precise animal is meant by it, or give any derivation or reference for the term?

U. U.

Dublin.

_Foreign Orders--Queen of Bohemia._--It is well known that in some foreign Orders the decorations thereof are conferred upon ladies. Can any of your correspondents inform me whether the Order of the Annunciation of Sardinia, formerly the Order of the Ducal House of Savoy, at any time conferred its decorations upon ladies; and whether the Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen of Bohemia, ever had the decoration of any foreign order conferred upon her? In a portrait of her she is represented with a star or badge upon the upper part of the left arm.

S. E. G.

_Pickard Family._--Is the _Pickard_, or _Picard_, family, a branch of which is located in Yorkshire, of Norman origin? If so, who were the _first settlers_ in England; and also in what county are they most numerous?

ONE OF THE FAMILY.

Bradford.

{11}

_Irish Chieftains._--Some account of the following, _Historical Reminiscences of O'Byrnes, O'Tooles, O'Kavanaghs, and other Irish Chieftains_, privately printed, 1843, is requested by

JOHN MARTIN.

Woburn Abbey.

_General Braddock._--Can any of your readers furnish me with information relative to this officer? His disastrous expedition against Fort Du Quesne, and its details, are well known; but I should like to know something more of his previous history. Walpole gives an anecdote or two of him, and mentions that he had been Governor of Gibraltar. I think too he was of Irish extraction. Is there no portrait or engraving of Braddock in existence?

SERVIENS.

* * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers.

_Lawless Court, Rochford, Essex._--A most extraordinary custom exists, in a manor at Rochford, in the tenants holding under what is called the "Lawless Court." This court is held at midnight, by torch-light, in the centre of a field, on the first Friday after the 29th Sept., and is presided over by the steward of the manor, who, however, appoints a deputy to fulfil this part of his duty. The tenants of the manor are obliged to attend to answer to their names, when called upon, under pain of a heavy fine, or at all events have some one there to respond for them. All the proceedings are carried on in a whisper, no one speaking above that tone of voice; and the informations as to deaths, names, &c. are entered in a book by the president with a piece of charcoal. I may add, the business is not commenced until a cock has crowed three times, and as it is sometimes a difficult matter to get Chanticleer to do his duty, a man is employed to crow, whose fee therefor is 5s.

Now Morant, in his _History of Essex_, merely cursorily mentions this most singular custom, and has nothing as to its antiquity or origin; I should therefore feel much obliged for any information concerning it.

RUSSELL GOLE.

[The singular custom at Rochford is of uncertain origin: in old authors it is spoken of as belonging to the manor of Rayleigh. The following account of "The Lawless Court," at that place, is printed by Hearne from the Dodsworth MSS. in the Bodleian, vol. cxxv.:--"The manor of Raylie, in Essex, hath a custome court kept yearly, the Wednesday nexte after Michael's day. The court is kept in the night, and without light, but as the skye gives, att a little hill without the towne, called the King's Hill, where the steward writes only with coals, and not with inke. And many men and mannors of greate worth hold of the same, and do suite unto this strange court, where the steward calls them with as low a voice as possibly he may; giving no notice when he goes to the hill to keepe the same court, and he that attends not is deepely amerced, if the steward will. The title and entry of the same court is as followeth, viz.:

'Curia de domino rege, Dicta _sine lege_, Tenta est ibidem, Per ejusdem consuetudinem, Ante ortum solis, Luceat nisi polus, Seneschallus solus, Scribit nisi colis. Clamat clam pro rege In curia _sine lege_: Et qui non cito venerit Citius poenitebit: Si venerit cum lumine Errat in regimine. Et dum sine lumine Capti sunt in crimine, Curia sine cura Jurata de injuria Tenta est die Mercuriæ prox. post festum S. Michaelis.'"

Weever, who mentions this custom, says, that he was informed that "this servile attendance was imposed, at the first, upon certaine tenants of divers mannors hereabouts, for conspiring in this place, at such an unseasonable time, to raise a commotion."]

_Motto on old Damask._--Can your correspondents furnish an explanation of the motto herewith sent? It is taken from some damask table napkins which were bought many years back at Brussels; not at a shop in the ordinary way, but privately, from the family to whom they belonged. I presume the larger characters, if put together, will indicate the date of the event, whatever that may be, which is referred to in the motto itself.

The motto is woven in the pattern of the damask, and consists of the following words in uncials, the letters of unequal size, as subjoined:

"SIGNUM PACIS DATUR LORICÆ."

the larger letters being IUMCIDULIC. If the U's are taken as two V's, and written thus X, it gives the date MDCCLXIII. Perhaps this can be explained.

H.

[The chronogram above, which means "The signal of peace is given to the warrior," relates to the peace proclaimed between England and France in the year 1763. This event is noticed in the _Annual Register_, and in most of our popular histories. Keightley says, "The overtures of France for peace were readily listened to; and both parties being in earnest, the preliminaries were readily settled at Fontainebleau (Nov. 3rd). In spite of the declamation of Mr. Pitt and his party, they were approved of by large majorities in both Houses of Parliament, and a treaty was finally signed in Paris, Feb. 18, 1763." The napkins were probably a gift, on the occasion, to some public functionary. For the custom of noting the date of a great event by chronograms, see "N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 585.]

{12}

_Explanation of the Word "Miser."_--Can any of your readers explain how and when _miser_ came to get the meaning of an avaricious hoarding man? In Spenser's _Faerie Queene_, II. l. 8., it is used in its nearly primary sense of "wretch:"

"Vouchsafe to stay your steed for humble _miser's_ sake."

Again, _Faerie Queene_, II. 3. 8.:

"The _miser_ threw himself, as an offall, Straight at his foot in base humility."

In Milton's _Comus_, which was written about fifty years after the first three books of the _Faerie Queene,_ the present signification of the word is complete:

"You may as well spread out the unsunn'd heaps Of _miser's_ treasure by an outlaw's den, And tell me it is safe, as bid one hope Danger will sink on opportunity," &c.

J. D. GARDNER.

Bottisham.

[The modern restricted use of the word _miser_ is subsequent to Shakspeare's time for in Part I. _King Henry VI._, Act V. Sc. 4.,

"Decrepit _miser_! base ignoble wretch!"

Steevens says has no relation to avarice, but simply means a _miserable_ creature. So in the interlude of _Jacob and Esau_, 1568:

"But as for these _misers_ within my father's tent."

Again, in Lord Stirling's tragedy of _Croesus_, 1604:

"Or think'st thou me of judgement too remiss, A _miser_ that in miserie remains."

Otway, however, in his _Orphan_, published in 1680, uses it for a covetous person:

"Though she be dearer to my soul than rest To weary pilgrims, or to _misers_ gold, Rather than wrong Castalio, I'd forget thee."

So also does Pope:

"No silver saints by dying _misers_ given, Here brib'd the rage of ill-requited heaven."

_"Acis and Galatea."_--Is there any good evidence in support of the commonly received opinion that the words to Handel's _Acis and Galatea_ were written by Gay? Hawkins merely states that they "are said to have been written by Mr. Gay." I have no copy of Burney at hand to refer to; but I find the same statement repeated by various other musical historians, without, however, any authority being given for it. The words in question are not to be found among the _Poems on several Occasions_, by Mr. John Gay, published in 1767 by Tonson and others. Have they ever been included in any collective edition of his works?

G. T.

Reading.

[In the musical catalogue of the British Museum, compiled by Thomas Oliphant, Esq., it is stated that the words to _Acis and Galatea_ "are said to be written, but apparently partly compiled, by John Gay." This serenata is included among Gay's _Poems_ in Dr. Johnson's edition of the _English Poets_, 1790, as well as in Chalmers's edition of 1810, and in the complete edition of _British Poets_, Edinburgh, 1794.]

_Birm-bank._--The bank of a canal opposite to the towing-path is called the _birm-bank_. What is the derivation of this?

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

[The word _birm_ seems to have the same meaning as berme (Fr. _berme_), which, in Fortification, denotes a piece of ground of three, four, or five feet in width, left between the rampart and the moat or foss, designed to receive the ruins of the rampart, and prevent the earth from filling the foss. Sometimes it is palisaded, and in Holland is generally planted with quickset hedge.]

_General Thomas Gage._--This officer commanded at Boston at the breaking out of the Revolution, and served under General Braddock. Where can I find any details of the remainder of his history?

SERVIENS.

[An interesting biographical account of General Gage is given in the _Georgian Æra_, vol. ii. p. 67.]

* * * * *

Replies.

RAPPING NO NOVELTY.

(Vol. viii., pp. 512. 632.)

The story referred to is certainly a very curious one, and I should like to know whether it is exactly as it was told by Baxter, especially as there seems to be reason for believing that De Foe (whom on other grounds one would not trust in such a matter) did not take it from the work which he quotes. Perhaps if you can find room for the statement, some correspondent would be so good as to state whether it has the sanction of Baxter:

"Mr. Baxter, in his _Historical Discourse of Apparitions_, writes thus: 'There is now in London an understanding, sober, pious man, oft one of my hearers, who has an elder brother, a gentleman of considerable rank, who having formerly seemed pious, of late years does often fall into the sin of drunkenness; he often lodges long together here in his brother's house, and whensoever he is drunk and has slept himself sober, something knocks at his bed's head, as if one knocked on a wainscot. When they remove his bed it follows him. Besides other loud noises on other parts where he is, that all the house hears, they have often watched him, and kept his hands lest he should do it himself. His brother has often told it me, and brought his wife, a discreet woman, to attest it, who avers moreover, that as she watched him, she has seen his shoes under the bed taken up, and nothing visible to touch them. They brought the man himself to me, and when we asked {13} him how he dare sin again after such a warning, he had no excuse. But being persons of quality, for some special reason of worldly interest I must not name him.'"--De Foe's _Life of Duncan Campbell_, 2nd ed. p. 107.

After this story, De Foe says:

"Another relation of this kind was sent to Dr. Beaumont (whom I myself personally knew, and which he has inserted in his account of genii, or familiar spirits) in a letter by an ingenious and learned clergyman of Wiltshire," &c.

But he does not say that the story which he has already quoted as from Baxter stands just as he has given it, and with a reference to Baxter, in Beaumont's _Historical, Physiological, and Theological Treatise of Spirits_, p. 182. Of course one does not attach any weight to De Foe's saying that he knew Dr. Beaumont "personally," but does anybody know anything of him? Nearly four years ago you inserted somewhat similar inquiry about this Duncan Campbell, but I believe it has not yet been answered.

S. R. MAITLAND.

* * * * *

OCCASIONAL FORMS OF PRAYER.

(Vol. viii., p. 535.)

From a volume of Forms of Prayer in the library of Sir Robert Taylor's Institution, I send you the following list, as supplementary to MR. LATHBURY'S. This volume forms part of a collection of books bequeathed to the University by the late Robert Finch, M.A., formerly of Baliol College:

A Form of Prayer for a General Fast, &c. 4to. London. 1762.

In both the Morning and Evening Services of this Form "A Prayer for the Reformed Churches" is included, which is omitted in all the subsequent Forms. This is a copy of it:

"_A Prayer for the Reformed Churches._

"O God, the Father of Mercies, we present our Supplications unto Thee, more especially on behalf of our Reformed Brethren, whom, blessed be Thy Name, Thou hast hitherto wonderfully supported. Make them perfect, strengthen, 'stablish them: that they may stand fast in the Liberty wherewith Christ hath made them free, and adorn the Doctrine of God our Saviour in all things. Preserve the Tranquillity of those who at present enjoy it: look down with compassion upon such as are persecuted for Righteousness' sake, and plead Thy cause with the oppressors of Thy people. Enlighten those who are in Darkness and Error; and give them Repentance to the Acknowledgment of the Truth: that all the Ends of the World may remember themselves, and be turned unto the Lord; and we all may become one Flock, under the great Shepherd and Bishop of our Souls, Jesus Christ, our only Mediator and Advocate. Amen."

Form, &c. Fast. 1776.

Form, &c. Fast. 1778.

Form, &c. Fast. 1780.

Form, &c. Fast. 1781.

Form, &c. Fast. 1782.

A Prayer to be used on Litany Days before the Litany, and on other days immediately before the Prayer for all Conditions of Men, in all Cathedral, Collegiate, and Parochial Churches and Chapels, &c., during his Majesty's present Indisposition. 1788.

The following MS. note is inserted in the handwriting of Mr. Finch, father of the gentleman who bequeathed the collection:

"Mrs. Finch accompanied my Father (Rev. Dr. Finch, Rector of St. Michael's, Cornhill) to the Cathedral, where he had a seat for himself and his lady assigned him under the Dome, as Treasurer to the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, the original patrons of the Charity Schools. Mrs. F. was so fortunate as to obtain a seat in the choir, and saw the procession from the choir gate. Myself and Robert saw the cavalcade (which was extremely grand, and continued for the space of more than three hours, both Houses of Parliament with their attendants preceding their Majesties) from Mrs Townsend's house in Fleet Street."--April 23, 1789.

Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the King's Recovery. 1789.

Form, &c. Fast. 1793.

Form, &c. Fast. 1795.

Form, &c. Fast. 1796.

Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for many signal and important Victories. 1797.

Form, &c. Fast. 1798.

Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Victory of the Nile, &c. 1798.

Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Victory over the French Fleet, Aug. 1. 1798.

Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the safe Delivery of H. R. H. the Princess of Wales, and the birth of a Princess. 1796.

Form, &c. Fast. 1799.

Form, &c. Fast. 1800.

Form, &c. Fast. 1801.

Form and Thanksgiving for the Harvest. 1801.

Form and Thanksgiving for putting an End to the War. 1802.

Form, &c. Fast. 1803.

Form, &c. Fast. 1804.

Form, &c. Fast. 1805.

Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for Lord Nelson's Victory. 1805.

Form, &c. Fast. 1806.

Form, &c. Fast. 1807.

Form, &c. Fast. 1808.

Form, &c. Fast. 1809.

Form, &c. Fast. 1810.

Form, &c. Fast. 1812.

Form, &c. Thanksgiving for the Peace. 1814.

Form, &c. Thanksgiving for the Peace. 1816.

JOHN MACRAY.

Oxford.

* * * * *

{14}

CELTIC AND LATIN LANGUAGES.

(Vol. viii., p. 174.)

There was a Query some time ago upon this subject, but though it is one full of interest to all scholars, I have not observed any Notes worth mentioning in reply. The connexion between these two languages has only of late occupied the attention of philologers; but the more closely they are compared together, the more important and the more striking do the resemblances appear; and the remark of Arnold with regard to Greek literature applies equally to Latin, "that we seem now to have reached that point in our knowledge of the language, at which other languages of the same family must be more largely studied, before we can make a fresh step in advance." But this study, as regards the comparison of Celtic and Latin, is, in England at least, in a very infant state. Professor Newman, in his _Regal Rome_, has attention to the subject; but his induction does not appear sufficiently extensive to warrant any decisive conclusion respecting the position the Celtic holds as an element of the Latin. Pritchard's work upon the subject is satisfactory as far as it goes, but both these authors have chiefly confined themselves to a tabular view of Celtic and Latin words; but it is not _merely_ this we want. What is required is a critical examination into the comparative structure and formal development of the two languages, and this is a work still to be accomplished. The later numbers of Bopp's _Comparative Grammar_ are, I believe, devoted to this subject, but as they have not been translated, they must be confined to a limited circle of English readers, and I have not yet seen any reproduction of the views therein contained in the philological literature of England.

As the first step to considerations of this kind must be made from a large induction of words, I think, with your correspondent, that the pages of "N. & Q." might be made useful in supplying "links of connexion" to supply a groundwork for future comparison. I shall conclude by suggesting one or two "links" that I do not remember to have seen elsewhere.

1. Is the root of _felix_ to be found in the Irish _fail_, _fate_; the contraction of the dipththong _ai_ or _ê_ being analogous to that of _amaïmus_ into _amêmus_?

2. Is it not probable that _Avernus_, if not corrupted from [Greek: aornos], is related to _iffrin_, the Irish _inferi_? This derivation is at any rate more probable than that of Grotefend, who connects the word with [Greek: Acherôn].

3. Were the _Galli_, priests of Cybele, so called as being connected with fire-worship? and is the name at all connected with the Celtic _gal_, a flame? The word _Gallus_, a Gaul, is of course the same as the Irish _gal_, a stranger.

T. H. T.

* * * * *

GEOMETRICAL CURIOSITY.

(Vol. viii., p. 468.)

MR. INGLEBY'S question might easily be the foundation of a geometrical paper; but as this would not be a desirable contribution, I will endeavour to keep clear of technicalities, in pointing out how the process described may give something near to a circle, or may not.

When a paper figure, bent over a straight line in it, has the two parts perfectly fitting on each other, the figure is _symmetrical_ about that straight line, which may be called an _axis of symmetry_. Thus every diameter of a circle is an axis of symmetry: every regular oval has two axes of symmetry at right angles to each other: every regular polygon of an _odd_ number of sides has an axis joining each corner to the middle of the opposite sides: every regular polygon of an _even_ number of sides has axes joining opposite corners, and axes joining the middles of opposite sides.

When a piece of paper, of any form whatsoever, rectilinear or curvilinear, is doubled over any line in it, and when all the parts of either side which are not covered by the other are cut away, the unfolded figure will of course have the creased line for an axis of symmetry. If another line be now creased, and a fold made over it, and the process repeated, the second line becomes an axis of symmetry, and the first perhaps ceases to be one. If the process be then repeated on the first line, this last becomes an axis, and the other (probably) ceases to be an axis. If this process can be indefinitely continued, the cuttings must become smaller and smaller, for the following reason. Suppose, at the outset, the boundary point nearest to the intersection of the axes is distant from that intersection by, say four inches; it is clear that we cannot, after any number of cuttings, have a part of the boundary at less than four inches from the intersection. For there never is, after any cutting, any approach to the intersection except what there already was on the other side of the axis employed, before that cutting was made. If then the cuttings should go on for ever, or practically until the pieces to be cut off are too small, and _if this take place all round_, the figure last obtained will be a good representation of a circle of four inches radius. On the suppositions, we must be always cutting down, at all parts of the boundary; but it has been shown that we can never come nearer than by four inches to the intersection of the axes.

But it does not follow that the process _will_ go on for ever. We may come at last to a state in which both the creases are axes of symmetry at once; and then the process stops. If the paper had at first a curvilinear boundary, properly chosen, and if the axes were placed at the proper angle, it would happen that we should arrive at a {15} _regular_ curved polygon, having the two axes for axes of symmetry. The process would then stop.

I will, however, suppose that the original boundary is everywhere rectilinear. It is clear then that, after every cutting, the boundary is still rectilinear. If the creases be at right angles to one another, the ultimate figure may be an irregular polygon, having its four quarters alike, such as may be inscribed in an oval; or it may have its sides so many and so small, that the ultimate appearance shall be that of an oval. But if the creases be not at right angles, the ultimate figure is a perfectly regular polygon, such as can be inscribed in a circle; or its sides may be so many and so small that the ultimate appearance shall be that of a circle.

Suppose, as in MR. INGLEBY'S question, that the creases are not at right angles to each other; supposing the eye and the scissors _perfect_, the results will be as follows:

First, suppose the angle made by the creases to be what the mathematicians call _incommensurable_ with the whole revolution; that is, suppose that no repetition of the angle will produce an _exact_ number of revolutions. Then the cutting will go on for ever, and the result will perpetually approach a circle. It is easily shown that no figure whatsoever, except a circle, has two axes of symmetry which make an angle incommensurable with the whole revolution.

Secondly, suppose the angle of the creases commensurable with the revolution. Find out the smallest number of times which the angle must be repeated to give an exact number of revolutions. If that number be even, it is the number of sides of the ultimate polygon: if that number be odd, it is the half of the number of sides of the ultimate polygon.

Thus, the paper on which I write, the whole sheet being taken, and the creases made by joining opposite corners, happens to give the angle of the creases very close to three-fourteenths of a revolution; so that fourteen repetitions of the angle is the lowest number which give an exact number of revolutions; and a very few cuttings lead to a regular polygon of fourteen sides. But if four-seventeenths of a revolution had been taken for the angle of the creases, the ultimate polygon would have had thirty-four sides. In an angle taken at hazard the chances are that the number of ultimate sides will be large enough to present a circular appearance.

Any reader who chooses may amuse himself by trying results from three or more axes, whether all passing through one point or not.

A. DE MORGAN.

* * * * *

THE BLACK-GUARD.

(Vol. viii., p. 414.)

Some of your correspondents, SIR JAMES E. TENNENT especially, have been very learned on this subject, and all have thrown new light on what I consider a very curious inquiry. The following document I discovered some years ago in the Lord Steward's Offices. Your readers will see its value at once; but it may not be amiss to observe, that the name in its present application had its origin in the number of masterless boys hanging about the verge of the Court and other public places, palaces, coal-cellars, and palace stables; ready with links to light coaches and chairs, and conduct, and rob people on foot, through the dark streets of London; nay, to follow the Court in its progresses to Windsor and Newmarket. Pope's "link-boys vile" are the black-guard boys of the following Proclamation.

PETER CUNNINGHAM.

At the Board of Green Cloth, in Windsor Castle, this 7th day of May, 1683.

Whereas of late a sort of vicious, idle, and masterless boyes and rogues, commonly called the Black-guard, with divers other lewd and loose fellowes, vagabonds, vagrants, and wandering men and women, do usually haunt and follow the Court, to the great dishonour of the same, and as Wee are informed have been the occasion of the late dismall fires that happened in the towns of Windsor and Newmarket, and have, and frequently do commit divers other misdemeanours and disorders in such places where they resort, to the prejudice of His Majesty's subjects, for the prevention of which evills and misdemeanours hereafter, Wee do hereby strictly charge and command all those so called the Black-guard as aforesaid, with all other loose, idle, masterless men, boyes, rogues, and wanderers, who have intruded themselves into His Majesty's Court or stables, that within the space of twenty-four houres next after the publishing of this order, they depart, upon pain of imprisonment, and such other punishments as by law are to be inflicted on them.

(Signed) ORMOND. H. BULKELEY. H. BROUNCKER. RICH. MASON. STE. FOX.

* * * * *

THE CALVES' HEAD CLUB.

(Vol. viii., pp. 315. 480.)

The Calves' Head Club existed much earlier than the time when their doings were commemorated in the _Weekly Oracle_ (Vol. viii., p. 315.) of February 1, 1735, or depicted in the print of 1734 (Vol. viii., p. 480.). There is a pamphlet, {16} the second edition of which was published in small 4to., in 1703, entitled:

"The Secret History of the Calves' Head Club, or, the Republican Unmasqu'd, wherein is fully shewn the Religion of the Calves-Head Heroes in their Anniversary Thanksgiving Songs on the Thirtieth of January, by their Anthems," &c. &c.

We are told in the latter part of the long title-page that the work was published "to demonstrate the restless, inplacable spirit of a certain party still among us," and certainly the statements therein, and more than all the anthems at the end, do show the bitterest hatred--so bitter, so intense and malignant, that we feel on reading it that there must be some exaggeration.

The author professes to have at first been of opinion "that the story was purely contrived on purpose to render the republicans more odious than they deserv'd." Whether he was convinced to the contrary by ocular demonstration he does not tell us, but gives us information he received from a gentleman--

"Who, about eight years ago, went out of meer curiosity to see their Club, and has since furnish'd me with the following papers. I was inform'd that it was kept in no fix'd house, but that they remov'd as they saw convenient; that the place they met in when he was with 'em was in a blind ally, about Morefields; that the company wholly consisted of Independents and Anabaptists (I am glad for the honour of the Presbyterians to set down this remark); that the famous Jerry White, formerly Chaplain to Oliver Cromwell, who no doubt on't came to sanctify with his pious exhortations the Ribbaldry of the Day, said Grace; that after the table-cloth was removed, the anniversary anthem, as they impiously called it, was sung, and a calve's skull fill'd with wine, or other liquor, and then a brimmer went about to the pious memory of those worthy patriots that kill'd the tyrant, and deliver'd their country from arbitrary sway; and lastly, a collection made for the mercenary scribler, to which every man contributed according to his zeal for the cause, or the ability of his purse.

"I have taken care to set down what the gentleman told me as faithfully as my memory wou'd give me leave; and I am persuaded that some persons that frequent the Black Boy in Newgate Street, as they knew the author of the following lines so they knew this account of the Calves' Head Club to be true."

The anthems for the years 1693, 1694, 1695, 1696, and 1697, are given; but they are too long and too stupidly blasphemous and indecent to quote here. They seem rather the satires of malignant cavaliers than the serious productions of any Puritan, however politically or theologically heretical.

EDWARD PEACOCK.

Bottesford Moors.

* * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

_The Calotype Process._--I have made any first essay in the calotype process, following DR. DIAMOND'S directions given in "N. & Q.," and using Turner's paper, as recommended by him. My success has been quite as great as I could expect as a novice, and satisfies me that any defects are due to my own want of skill, and not to any fault in the directions given. I wish, however, to ask a question as to iodizing the paper. DR. DIAMOND says, lay the paper on the solution; then _immediately_ remove it, and lay on the dry side on blotting-paper, &c. Now I find, if I remove immediately, the whole sheet of paper curls up into a roll, and is quite unmanageable. I want to know, therefore, whether there is any objection to allowing the paper to remain on the iodizing solution until it lies flat on it, so that on removal it will not curl, and may be easily and conveniently laid on the dry side to pass the glass rod over it. As soon as the paper is floated on the solution (I speak of Turner's) it has a great tendency to curl, and takes some time before the expansion of both surfaces becoming equal allows it to lie quite flat on the liquid. May this operation be performed by the glass rod, without floating at all?

Photographers, like myself, at a distance from practical instruction, are so much obliged for plain and simple directions such as those given by DR. DIAMOND, which are the result of experience, that I am sure he will not mind being troubled with a few inquiries relative to them.

C. E. F.

_Hockin's Short Sketch._--Mr. Hockin is so well known as a thoroughly practical chemist, that it may suffice to call attention to the fact of his having published a little brochure entitled _How to obtain Positive and Negative Pictures on Collodionized Glass, and copy the latter upon Paper. A Short Sketch adapted for the Tyro in Photography._ As the question of the _alkalinity_ of the nitrate bath is one which has lately been discussed, we will give, as a specimen of Mr. Hockin's book, a quotation, showing his opinion upon that question:

"_The sensitizing agent_, nitrate of silver in crystals, not the ordinary fused in sticks, is nearly always confessedly adulterated; it is thus employed:

"_The silver or nitrate bath._--Nitrate of silver five drachms, distilled water ten ounces; dissolve and add iodized collodion two drachms.

"Shake these well together, allow them to macerate twelve hours, and filter through paper. Before adding the nitric acid, test the liquid with a piece of blue litmus paper; if it remain blue after being immersed one minute, add one drop of dilute nitric acid[3], and test again for a minute; and so on, until a claret red is indicated on the paper. It is necessary to test the bath in a similar manner, frequently adding half a drop to a drop of dilute acid when required. This precaution will prevent the fogging due to alkalinity of the bath, so formidable an obstacle to young hands."

[Footnote 3: "Dilute nitric acid.--Water fifty parts, nitric acid one part."]

_Photographic Society's Exhibition._--The Photographic Society opened their first Exhibition of {17} Photographs and Daguerreotypes at the Gallery of the Society of British Artists, in Suffolk Street, with a _soirée_ on Tuesday evening last. Notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather, the rooms were crowded not only by members of the Society, but by many of the most distinguished literary and scientific men of the metropolis. The Queen and Prince Albert had, in the course of the morning, spent three hours in an examination of the collection; and the opinion they expressed, that the exhibition was one of great interest and promise, from the evidence it afforded of the extraordinary advance made by the art during the past year, and the encouragement it held out to the belief that far greater excellence might therefore still be looked for in it, was a very just one, and embodied that given afterwards by the most competent authorities. We have not room this week to enter into any details, but can confidently recommend our readers to pay an early visit to Suffolk Street.

* * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries.

_"Firm was their faith," &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 564.).--These lines are to be found in a poem called "Morwennæ Statio, hodie Morwenstow," published by Masters in 1846, with the title of _Echoes from Old Cornwall_, and written by the Vicar of Morwenstow. I agree with D. M. in the judgment he has announced as to their merits; but hitherto they have been but little appreciated by the public. A time will come however, when these and other compositions of the author will be better known and more duly valued by the English mind.

SAXA.

These lines were written on "the Minster of Morwenna," May, 1840, and appeared in the _British Magazine_ under the anonymous name _Procul_. Of the eight stanzas of which the poem consists, P. M. has quoted the second. The second line should be read "wise _of_ heart," and the third "_firm_ and trusting hands." With your correspondent, I hope the author's name may be discovered.

F. R. R.

_Vellum-cleaning_ (Vol. viii., p.340.).--In the Polytechnic Institution there are specimens of old deeds, &c., on vellum and paper, beautifully cleaned and restored by Mr. George Clifford, 5. Inner Temple Lane, Temple, London.

J. McK.

Shoreham.

_Wooden Tombs_ (Vol. viii., p. 255.).--In the church at Brading, Isle of Wight--

"There are some old tombs in the communion place, and in Sir William Oglander's chapel, or family burial-place, which is separated from the rest of the church by an oak screen. The most ancient legible date of these monuments is 1567. Two of them have full-length figures in armour of solid elm wood, originally painted in their proper colours, and gilt, but now disfigured by coats of dirty white."--Barber's Picturesque Guide to the Isle of Wight, 1850, pp. 28, 29.

J. McK.

Shoreham.

_Solar Eclipse in the Year 1263_ (Vol. viii., p. 441.).--In the _Transactions of the Antiquarian Society of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 350., there are "Observations on the Norwegian Expedition against Scotland in the year 1263," by John Dillon, Esq.; and at pp. 363-4, when speaking of the annular eclipse, he says:

"The eclipse above mentioned is described to have occurred between these two dates [29th July and 9th August]. This being pointed out to Dr. Brewster, he had the curiosity to calculate the eclipse, when he found that there was an eclipse of the sun on 5th August, 1263, and which was annular at Ronaldsvo, in Orkney, and the middle of it was twenty-four minutes past one."

These "Observations" contain much curious information; but are deformed by the author attempting to wrest the text of the Norwegian writer (at p. 358. and in note I.) to suit an absurd crotchet of his own. Having seen that essay in MS., I pointed out those errors; but instead of attending to my observations, he would not read them, and got into a passion against the friend who showed the MS. to me.

J. McK.

Shoreham.

_Lines on Woman_ (Vol. viii., pp. 292. 350. &c.).--The lines on Woman are, I presume, an altered version of those of Barret (Mrs. Barrett Browning?); they are the finale of a short poem on Woman; the correct version is the following:

"Peruse the sacred volume, Him who died Her kiss betray'd not, nor her tongue denied; While even the Apostle left Him to His doom, She linger'd round His cross and watch'd His tomb."

I would copy the whole poem, but fear you would think it too long for insertion.

MA. L.

[Our correspondent furnishes an addition to our list of parallel passages. The lines quoted by W. V. and those now given by our present correspondent can never be different readings of the same poem. Besides, it has been already shown that the lines asked for are from the poem entitled _Woman_, by Eaton Stannard Barrett (see antè, pp. 350. 423.).]

_Satin_ (Vol. vii., p. 551.).--In a note just received by me from Canton, an American friend of mine remarks as follows:

"When you write again to 'N. & Q.' you can say that the word _satin_ (Vol. vii., p. 551.), like the article itself, is of Chinese origin, and that other foreign languages, in endeavouring like the English to imitate the Chinese _sz-tün_, have {18} approximated closely to it, and to each other. Of this the answers to the Query given in the place referred to are a sufficient proof; Fr. _satin_, W. _sidan_, &c. &c."

I suspect that he is right, and that Ogilvie and Webster, whom you quote, have not got to the bottom of the word. I may add that the notion of my Canton friend receives approval from a Chinese scholar to whom I have shown the above extract.

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

_"Quid facies," &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 539.).--

"BIERVE, _N. Maréchal_, _Marquis de_, a Frenchman well known for his ready wit and great facetiousness. He wrote two plays of considerable merit, _Les Réputations_ and _Le Séducteur_. He died at Spa, 1789, aged 42. He is author of the distich on courtezans:

'Quid facies, facies Veneris cum veneris ante? Ne sedeas! sed eas, ne pereas per eas.'"

--Lemprière's _Universal Biography_, abridged from the larger work, London, 1808.

C. FORBES.

Temple.

_Sotades_ (Vol. viii., p. 520.).--Your correspondent CHARLES REED says that Sotades was a Roman poet 250 B.C.; and that to him we owe the line, "Roma tibi subito," &c. Sotades was a native of Maroneia in Thrace, or, according to others, of Crete; and flourished at Alexandria B.C. 280 (Smith's _Dictionary of Biography_, Clinton, F. H., vol. iii. p. 888.). We have a few fragments of his poems, but none of them are palindromical. The authority for his having written so, is, I suppose, Martial, Epig. II. 86. 2.:

"Nec retro lego Sotaden cinædum."

ZEUS.

_The Third Part of "Christabel"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 11. 111.).--Has the _Irish Quarterly Review_ any other reason for ascribing this poem to Maginn than the common belief which makes him the sole and original Morgan Odoherty? If not, its evidence is of little value, as, exclusive of some pieces under that name which have been avowed by other writers, many of the Odoherty papers contain palpable internal evidence of having been written by a Scotchman, or at least one very familiar with Scotland, which at that time he was not; even the letter accompanying the third part of _Christabel_ is dated from Glasgow, and though this would in itself prove nothing, the circumstances above mentioned, as well as Dr. Moir's evidence as to the time when Maginn's contributions to _Blackwood_ commenced, seems strongly presumptive against his claim. Some of the earliest and most distinguished writers in _Blackwood_ are still alive, and could, no doubt, clear up this point at once, if so inclined.

J. S. WARDEN.

_Attainment of Majority_ (Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250.).--In my last communication upon this subject I produced undeniable authority to prove that the law did not regard the fraction of a day; this, I think, A. E. B. will admit. The question is, now, does the day on which a man attains his majority commence at six o'clock A.M., or at midnight? We must remember that we are dealing with a question of _English_ law; and therefore the evidence of an English decision will, I submit, be stronger proof of the latter mode of reckoning than the only positive proof with which A. E. B. has defended Ben Jonson's use of the former, viz. _Roman_.

In a case tried in Michaelmas Term, 1704, Chief Justice Holt said:

"It has been adjudged that if one be born the 1st of February at eleven at night, and the last of January in the twenty-first year of his age at one o'clock in the morning, he makes his will of lands and dies, it is a good will, for he was then of age."--_Salkeld_, 44.; _Raymond_, 480, 1096; 1 _Siderfin_, 162.

In this case, therefore, the testator was accounted of age forty-six hours before the completion of his twenty-first year. Now, the law not regarding the fraction of a day, the above case, I submit, clearly proves that the day, as regards the attainment of majority, began at midnight.

RUSSELL GOLE.

_Lord Halifax and Mrs. C. Barton_ (Vol. viii., pp. 429. 543.).--In answer to J. W. J.'s Query, I beg to state that I have in my possession a codicil of Mrs. Conduit's will in her own hand, dated 26th of January, 1737. This document refers to some theological tracts by Sir Isaac Newton, in his handwriting, which I have. On referring to the pedigree of the Barton family, I find that Colonel Robert Barton married Catherine Greenwood, whose father lived at Rotterdam, and was ancestor of Messrs. Greenwood, army agents. His issue were Major Newton Barton, who married Elizabeth Ekins, Mrs. Burr, and Catherine Robert Barton. I find no mention of Colonel Noel Barton. The family of Ekins had been previously connected with that of Barton, Alexander Ekins, Rector of Barton Segrave, having married Jane Barton of Brigstock. The writer of this note will be obliged if J. W. J., or any correspondent of "N. & Q.," will inform him if anything is known respecting an ivory bust of Sir Isaac Newton, executed by Marchand or Marchant, which is said to have been an excellent likeness.

S. X.

[The ivory bust referred to by our correspondent is, we believe, in the British Museum.]

_The fifth Lord Byron_ (Vol. viii., p. 2.).--I cannot but think that MR. HASLEDEN'S memory has deceived him as to the "wicked lord" having {19} settled his estates upon the marriage of his son; how is this to be reconciled with the often published statement, that the marriage of his son with his cousin Juliana, daughter of the admiral, and aunt of the late and present lords, was made not only without the consent, but in spite of the opposition, of the old lord, and that he never forgave his son in consequence?

J. S. WARDEN.

_Burton Family_ (Vol. iv., pp. 22. 124.).--In connexion with a Query which was kindly noticed by MR. ALGOR of Sheffield, who did not however communicate anything new to me, I would ask who was Samuel Burton, Esq., formerly Sheriff of Derbyshire; whose death at Sevenoaks, in October, 1750, I find recorded in the Obituary of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for that year? I am also desirous to ascertain who was Sir Francis Cavendish Burton of St. Helens, whose daughter and heiress, Martha, married Richard Sikes, Esq., ancestor of the Sikes's of the Chauntry House near Newark. She died since 1696. Both Samuel Burton and Mrs. Sikes were related to the Burtons of Kilburn, in the parish of Horsley, near Derby, to whom my former Query referred.

E. H. A.

_Provost Hodgson's Translation of the Atys of Catullus_ (Vol. viii., p. 563.).--In answer to MR. GANTILLON'S inquiry for the above translation, I beg to state that it will be found appended to an octavo edition of Hodgson's poem of _Lady Jane Grey_.

In the same volume will be found, I believe (for I have not the work before me), some of the modern Latin poetry respecting which BALLIOLENSIS inquiries. The justly admired translation of _Edwin and Angelina_, to which the latter refers, was by Hodgson's too early lost friend Lloyd. The splendid pentameter is slightly misquoted by BALLIOLENSIS. It is not--

"Poscimus in _terris_ pauca, nec illa diù."

but--

"Poscimus in _vitâ_," &c.

THOMAS RUSSELL POTTER.

Wymeswold, Loughborough.

_Wylcotes' Brass_ (Vol. viii., p. 494.).--I should hardly have supposed that any difficulty could exist in explaining the inscription:

"In · on · is · all."

To me it appears self-evident that it must be--

"In one (God) is my all."

H. C. C.

_Hoby, Family of; their Portraits, &c_. (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--I would refer J. B. WHITBORNE to _The Antiquities of Berkshire_ (so miscalled), by Elias Ashmole; where, in treating of Bisham, that learned antiquary has given the inscriptions to the Hoby family as existing _and legible in his time_. It does not appear that Sir Philip Hoby, or Hobbie, Knight, was ever of the Privy Council; but, in 1539, one of the Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber to King Henry VIII. (which monarch granted to him in 1546-7 the manor of Willoughby in Edmonton, co. Middlesex), Sir Thomas Hoby, the brother, and successor in the estates of Sir Philip, was, in 1566, ambassador to France; and died at Paris July 13 in the same year (not 1596), aged thirty-six. The coat of the Hobys of Bisham, as correctly given, is "Argent, within a border engrailed sable, three spindles, threaded in fesse, gules." A grant or confirmation of this coat was made by Sir Edward Bysshe, Clarenceux, to Peregrine Hoby of Bisham, Berks, natural son of Sir Edward Hoby, Nov. 17, 1664. The Bisham family bore no crest nor motto.

H. C. C.

_The Keate Family_ (Vol. viii., pp. 293. 525.)--Should the Query of G. B. B. not be sufficiently answered by the extract from Mr. Burke's _Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England_ relating to the Keate family, as I have a full pedigree of that surname, I may perhaps be able, on application, to satisfy him with some genealogical particulars which are not noticed in Mr. Burke's works.

H. C. C.

_Sir Charles Cotterell_ (Vol viii., p. 564.).--Sir Charles Cotterell, the translator of _Cassandra_, died in 1687. (See Fuller's _Worthies_, by Nuttall, vol. ii. p. 309.)

[Greek: Halieus].

Dublin.

_Huc's Travels_ (Vol. viii., p. 516.).--Not having seen the _Gardener's Chronicle_, in which C. W. B. says the travels of Messrs. Huc and Gabet in Thibet, Tartary, &c. are said to be a pure fabrication, concocted by some Parisian _littérateur_, I cannot know what degree of credit, if any, is to be given to such a statement. All I wish to communicate at present for the information of your Querist C. W. B. is this, that I have read an account and abstract of Messrs. Huc and Gabet's _Travels_ in one of the ablest and best conducted French reviews, _La Revue des Deux Mondes_; in which not the least suspicion of fabrication is hinted, or the slightest doubt expressed as to the genuineness of these _Travels_. Mr. Princep, also, in his work on Thibet, Tartary, &c. quotes largely from Huc's Travel's, and avails himself extensively of the information contained in them with reference to Buddhism, &c.

Should the writer in the _Gardener's Chronicle_ have it in his power to _prove_ the _Travels_ to be a fabrication, he will confer a benefit on the world of letters by unmasking the fabricator.

J. M.

Oxford.

_Pictures at Hampton Court Palace_ (Vol. viii., p. 538.).--In reply to [Phi].'s question when the review of the 10th Light Dragoons by King {20} George III., after the Prince of Wales assumed the command of that regiment, I beg to state that the Prince entered the army as brevet-colonel, Nov. 19, 1782; that the regiment received the title of "The Prince of Wales's own Regiment of Light Dragoons" on Michaelmas Day, 1783: that the regiment was stationed in the south of England and in the vicinity of London for many years, from 1790 to 1803 inclusive; and that King George III. repeatedly reviewed it, accompanied by the queen and the royal family. That the Prince of Wales was appointed Colonel-commandant of the corps in 1793, and succeeded Sir W. A. Pitt as colonel of it in July 18, 1796. That the regiment was reviewed on Hounslow Heath by the King in August, 1799; and the Prince of Wales (who commanded it in person) received his Majesty's orders to convey his Majesty's approbation of its excellent appearance and performance. Perhaps the picture by Sir William Beechey was painted in 1799, and not 1798. I did not find the catalogue at Hampton Court free from errors, when I last visited the palace in October, 1852.

M. A.

Pembroke College, Oxon.

_John Waugh_ (Vol. viii., pp. 271. 400. 525.).--Does KARLEOLENSIS know whether John Waugh, son of Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle, was married, and to whom?

Farther information of the above family would be most acceptable, and thankfully acknowledged, by George Waugh, of the family of the Waughs of Oulton and Lofthouse, Yorkshire.

Exeter.

_Daughters taking their Mothers' Names_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.).--When BURIENSIS asks for instances of this, and mentions "Alicia, daughter of Ada," as an example, is he not mistaking, or following some one else who has mistaken, the _gender_ of the parent's name? _Alicia fil. Adæ_ would be rendered "Alice Fitz-Adam," unless there be anything in the context to determine the gender otherwise.

J. SANSOM.

"_Service is no Inheritance_" (Vol. viii., p. 586.).--This proverbial saying has evidently arisen from the old manorial right, under which the lord of the manor claimed suit and service and fealty before admitting the heir to his inheritance, or the purchaser to his purchase. On which occasion, the party admitted to the estate, whether purchaser or heir, "fecit fidelitatem suam et solvit relevium;" the relief being generally a year's rent or service.

ANON.

_Sir Christopher Wren and the young Carver_ (Vol. viii., p. 340.).--If your correspondent A. H. has not already appropriated the anecdote here alluded to, I think I can confidently refer him to any biographical notice of Grindling Gibbons--to whom the story of the "Sow and Pigs" relates. Gibbons was recommended to Sir Christopher by Evelyn, I think; but not having "made a note of it," I am not sure that it is to be found in his _Diary_.[4] If there be any monograph Life of Gibbons, it can scarcely fail to be found there.

M. (2)

[Footnote 4: See Evelyn's _Diary_, vol. ii. pp. 53, 54., edition 1850.--ED.]

_Souvaroff's Despatch_ (Vol. viii., p. 490).--Souvaroff's doggerel despatch from Ismail, immortalised by Byron, is, as usual, misspelt and mistranslated. Allow me to furnish you with what I have never yet seen in English, a correct version of it:

"Slava Bogou, slava Vam; Krépost vziala, ee ya tam."

"Glory to God, glory to You, The fortress is taken, and I am there."

DMITRI ANDRÉEF.

_Detached Church Towers_ (Vol. viii., p. 63.).--In the lists I have seen no mention is made of the fine tower of West Walton Church, which stands at a distance of nearly twenty yards from the body of the church.

W. B. D.

Lynn.

_Queen Anne's Motto_ (Vol. viii., p. 174.).--The Historical Society of Pennsylvania is in possession of an English coat of arms, painted on wood in the time of Queen Anne, having "Anna R." at the top, and the motto _Semper eadem_ on the scroll below. It probably was in one of the Philadelphia court-rooms, and was taken down at the Revolution.

UNEDA.

Philadelphia.

_Lawyers' Bags_ (Vol. vii. _passim_).--The communication of MR. KERSLEY, in p. 557., although it does not support the inference which COL. LANDMAN draws, that the colour of lawyers' bags was changed in consequence of the unpopularity which it acquired at the trial of Queen Caroline, seems to show that _green_ was at one time the colour of those professional pouches. The question still remains, when and on what occasion it was discontinued; and when the purple, and when the crimson, were introduced?

When I entered the profession (about fifty years ago), no junior barrister presumed to carry a bag in the Court of Chancery, unless one had been presented to him by a king's counsel; who, when a junior was advancing in practice, took an opportunity of complimenting him on his increase of business, and giving him his own bag to carry home his papers. It was then a distinction to carry a bag, and a proof that a junior was rising {21} in his profession. I do not know whether the same custom prevailed in the other courts.

CAUSIDICUS.

In this city (Philadelphia) lawyers formerly carried green bags. The custom has declined of late years among the members of the legal profession, and it has been taken up by journeymen boot and shoe makers, who thus carry their work to and from the workshop. A green bag is now the badge of a cordwainer in this city.

[Old English W].

Philadelphia.

_Bust of Luther_ (Vol. viii., p. 335.).--MR. J. G. FITCH asks for information respecting a bust of Luther, with an inscription, on the wall of a house, in the Dom Platz at Frankfort on the Maine. I have learned, through a German acquaintance, who has resided the greater part of his life in that city, that the effigy was erected to commemorate the event of Luther's having, during a short stay in Frankfort, preached near that spot; and that the words surrounding the bust were his text on the occasion. He adds that Luther at no period of his life "lived for some years" at Frankfort, as stated by MR. FITCH.

ALFRED SMITH.

_Grammar in relation to Logic_ (Vol. viii., pp. 514. 629.).--H. C. K.'s remarks are of course indisputable. But it is a mistake to suppose that they answer my Query. In fact, had your correspondent taken the trouble to consider the meaning of my Query, he could not have failed to perceive that the explanation I there gave of the function of the conjunction _in logic_, is the same as his. My Query had sole reference _to grammar_. I would also respectfully suggest that anonymous correspondents should not impute "superficial views," or any other disagreeable thing, to those who stand _confessed_, without abandoning the pseudonym.

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.

Birmingham.

* * * * *

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Mr. Timbs announces for publication by subscription, _Curiosities of London: exhibiting the most rare and remarkable Objects of Interest in the Metropolis_. Mr. Timbs states, the authorities for his work have been four-and-twenty years in collection; and that the utmost pains has been taken to verify names, dates, and circumstances, so as to insure accuracy. In this labour the author has been aided by the communications of many obliging friends, as well as by his own recollection of nearly fifty years' changes in the aspects of "opulent, enlarged, and still increasing London."

It is proposed to publish by subscription _The Visitation of the County of Northumberland_, taken by Richard St. George, Esq., Norroy King of Arms, and Henry St. George, Esq., Blue Mantle Pursuivant of Arms, A.D. 1615. To be printed in tables on folio, with the arms engraved on wood, price One Guinea; or large paper, royal folio, Two Guineas; or large paper with the arms emblazoned (of which only the number subscribed for will be done), Five Guineas. Subscribers' names will be received by Mr. John Gray Bell, No. 17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.

The first number of the _Antiquities of Shropshire_, by the Rev. R. W. Eyton, has just been issued for the sake of determining the author's doubts as to whether there is any general wish for such a publication. Should the answer be in the negative, the author will neither forget his obligation to present subscribers, nor the explanation which he will farther owe them if the work be discontinued. The work will extend at least to five volumes, or twenty parts, and, according to the present plan, will be completed in not less than five years. Any subscriber will be at liberty to withdraw his name, by giving notice to that effect within one month after the publication of any fourth part, or completed volume. Three hundred copies of Part I. have been printed, but the number of the future parts will be limited to those subscribed for within the next three months.

_The Surrey Archæological Society_ propose holding the Inaugural General Meeting of the Society in Southwark early in the month of February, and to exhibit upon the occasion a collection of such objects of antiquarian interest relating to Surrey as may be contributed for that purpose. Parties are invited to favour the Society with the loan of such objects.

BOOKS RECEIVED.--_A Peep at the Pixies, or Legends of the West_, by Mrs. Bray: written for the entertainment of a family circle, these amusing records of the doings of the little people will find favour with all lovers of folk lore.--_Ada's Thoughts, or the Poetry of Youth_, may be commended for its natural, simple, yet elevated tone.--_Essay on Human Happiness_, by C. B. Adderley, M.P.; the first of a series of _Great Truths for Thoughtful Hours_. A set of little books similar in object and design to Pickering's well-known series of _Small Books on Great Subjects_.--_Beauties of Byron, Verse and Prose._ This selection, made for Murray's _Railway Reading_, will be acceptable to many who would object to place the collected edition of the noble bard's writings in the hands of the younger members of their family.--_Speeches on Parliamentary Reform_, by the Right Hon. T. B. Macaulay. This new number of Longman's _Traveller's Library_ is well-timed, and very acceptable.

* * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

ISAAC TAYLOR'S PHYSICAL THEORY OF ANOTHER LIFE.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

## Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the

gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

SANDY'S CHRISTMAS CAROLS, Ancient and Modern. 8vo. 1833.

JUNIUS DISCOVERED, by P. T. Published about 1789.

Wanted by _William J. Thoms_, 25. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster.

{22}

GALLERY OF PORTRAITS. Published by Charles Knight, under the Superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. No. XLIII. (December, 1835), containing Adam Smith, Calvin, Mansfield.

Wanted by _Charles Forbes_, 3. Elm Court, Temple.

BRISTOL DROLLERY. 1674.

HOLBORN DROLLERY. 1673.

HICKS'S GRAMMATICAL DROLLERY. 1682.

OXFORD JESTS.

CAMBRIDGE JESTS.

Wanted by _C. S._, 12. Gloucester Green, Oxford.

MUDIE'S BRITISH BIRDS. Bohn. 1841. 2nd Volume.

WAVERLEY. 1st Edition.

Wanted by _F. R. Sowerby_, Halifax.

* * * * *

Notices to Correspondents.

_Among other interesting communications intended for our present Number, but which we have been compelled by want of space to postpone until next week, are_ MR. GUTCH_'s Paper on_ Griffin and his Fidessa, MR. D'ALTON_'s on_ James II.'s Irish Army List, _and_ DR. DIAMOND_'s on_ The Advantages of Small Photographs.

CESTRIENSIS. _We have a letter for this Correspondent; where shall it be sent?_

EIRIONNACH. _The letter for this Correspondent has been forwarded._

W. J. L. _The_ Merry Llyd _or_ Hewid _has already formed the subject of some notices in our columns: see_ Vol. i., pp. 173. 315.; Vol. vi., p. 410. _We should be glad to have any satisfactory explanation of the origin and antiquity of the custom._

J. E. (Sampford) _is informed that there is no charge for the insertion of Queries, &c. Will he oblige us by describing the communications to which he refers?_

F. S. A., _who asks the origin of_ tick, _is referred to_ Vol. iii., pp. 357. 409. 502.

IGNORANT. _The_ Staffordshire Knot _is the badge or cognizance of the Earls of Stafford: see_ Vol. viii., p. 454.

J. S. A. _will find the information he desires respecting the_ Extraordinary North Briton _in a valuable communication from_ MR. CROSSLEY, "N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 432.

INDEX TO VOLUME THE EIGHTH.--_This is in a very forward state, and will, we trust, be ready for delivery with_ No. 221. _on the_ 21_st of January._

"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. to vii., _price Three Guineas and a Half.--Copies are being made up and may be had by order._

"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday._

* * * * *

THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR JANUARY (being the First Part of a new Volume) contains the following articles:--1. The Princess (afterwards Queen) Elizabeth a Prisoner at Woodstock. 2. On supposed Apparitions of the Virgin Mary; and particularly at La Salette. 3. Sir Walter Raleigh at Sherborne. 4. Manners and Morals of the University of Cambridge during the last Century. 5. English Sketches by Foreign Artists--Max Schlesinger's Saunterings in and about London. 6. Richard Baxter's Pulpit at Kidderminster (with a Plate). 7. Cambridge Improvements, 1853. 8. The Toxaris of Lucian. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: English Physicians in Russia--Knights Banneret--Sir Constantine Phipps and Sir William Phips--Diaries of Dr. Stukeley, &c. With Notes of the Month; Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews; Reports of Antiquarian and Literary Societies; Historical Chronicle; and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Queen of Portugal, the Duke of Beaufort, the Countess of Newburgh, Lord Cloncurry, Rear-Adm. Pasco, Bickham Escott, Esq., Wm. Gardiner, Esq., Mrs. Opie, Mr. Jas. Trubshaw, C.E., Mr. Samuel Williams, &c. &c. Price 2s. 6d.

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

* * * * *

Just published, price 2s. 6d., sewed,

A LECTURE ON THE GENIUS, LIFE AND CHARACTER OF WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, delivered to the Mutual Improvement Society of Welford, by FREDERICK COX, ESQ., one of the Vice-Presidents of the Society.

GEORGE BELL, London. T. C. BROWNE, Leicester.

* * * * *

Just published, 12mo., 4s.

JANUS, LAKE POEMS, &c., and other Poems, by DAVID HOLT.

London: W. PICKERING, Piccadilly; and GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

* * * * *

Demy 8vo., 2s.; cloth gilt, 3s.

THE HISTORY OF MILLWALL, commonly called the Isle of Dogs; including Notices of the West India Docks and City Canal, and Notes on Poplar, Blackwall, Limehouse, and Stepney. By B. H. COWPER.

R. GLADDING, 97. & 98. Whitechapel Road.

* * * * *

TO ARTISTS, ENGRAVERS, PRINTSELLERS, ETC.

This Day, 8vo., 3s. 6d.

THE LAWS OF ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT, AND THEIR DEFECTS. For the Use of Artists, Sculptors, Engravers, Printsellers, &c. BY D. ROBERTON BLAINE, ESQ., of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

* * * * *

WORKS BY EDWARD JESSE, ESQ.

Now Ready.

JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6s.

JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. Seventh Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6s.