CHAPTER IV

THE MINOR VARIETIES OF PLUMS

=Abbaye d’Arton.= Domestica. 1. _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 445. 1906.

This variety came from a chance seedling found in the ruins of the Abbaye d’Arton at Valreas, France; it was propagated in 1897 by M. Valdy of Valreas. Tree very productive; fruit large, obovate; suture obscure; stem short; pale red, darker on the sunny side; bloom thick; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Abricotee de Braunau.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 349. 1866. =2.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 429. 1881. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 683. 1884. =4.= _Mathieu Nom. Pom._ 423. 1889.

_Abricotée de Braunau_ 4. Braunauer Aprikosenartige 2. Braunauer Aprikosenartige Pflaume 4. _Braunauer Aprikosenartige Damascene_ =4.= _Braunauer Neue Kernfrucht_ 2. _Reine-Claude Braunau_ =3, 4.=

Dr. Liegel of Braunau, Germany, originated this variety about 1810. Fruit large, roundish; suture distinct; greenish; bloom rather heavy; dots distinct, reddish; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone free; mid-season.

=Abricotee de Lange.= Domestica. =1.= _Mas Pom. Gen._ =2=:103, fig. 52. 1873.

_Langes Aprikosenpflaume_ 1.

Dr. Liegel of Braunau, Germany, grew this variety and named it after Lange of Altenburg. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture slight; yellow, blushed in the sun; flesh yellow, tender, sweet, aromatic; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Abricotee de Trauttenberg.= Domestica. =1.= _Mas Pom. Gen._ =2=:35, fig. 18. 1873. =2.= Mathieu, _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_Abricotée de Trauttenberg_ 2. _Abricotée Rouge de Trauttenberg_ 2. _Trauttenbergs Aprikosenpflaume_ 1. Von Trauttenberg’s Aprikosenpflaume 2.

Liegel raised the Abricotée de Trauttenberg from a stone of the Red Apricot and named it after Baron Emmanuel of Trauttenberg, Prague. Fruit medium in size, oval, red; flesh yellow, firm, aromatic; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Abricot Princesse.= Domestica. Mentioned in Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:54. 1771.

=Admirable.= Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

=Admiral.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 257. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 293. 1845. =3.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 345. 1849.

_Corse’s Admiral_ 1, 2, 3.

Originated by Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada. Inferior in quality but hardy, productive and showy; rarely grown. Fruit of medium size, oval, sides unequal, light purple; dots yellow; bloom thin; stem long, pubescent; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; clingstone; mid-season.

=Admiral Schley.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:260. 1890. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Originated by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa. Fruit roundish, yellow, washed with deep bronze-red; dots small, numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom thin; skin tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; stone large, oval, flattened, clinging. Apparently an improvement over Hawkeye.

=Advance.= Americana. =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 142. 1901. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 1902-3.

Grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, and introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, in 1902. Fruit large, oval; cavity very shallow; suture a line; apex slightly depressed; dark red; dots many, conspicuous, yellow; good; clingstone; tree vigorous and productive; said to be resistant to rot.

=African.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 160. 1881. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:60, 86. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 192, 193 fig. 1901.

Originated with G. Onderdonk[227] of Texas and introduced by him in 1870; said to be one of the best varieties of this species. Tree small, spreading; fruit medium to large, roundish to oblong, dull, dark red; dots large and small, white; skin thin, tough; flesh yellow, soft, juicy, subacid; good; stone clinging; mid-season.

=Alabama.= _Triflora_ ×?. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =175=:154. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 201. 1901.

_Normand No. 5_ 2

Sent out by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, light yellow with pink cheek; bloom thin; mid-season; fruits drop before ripe but mature after falling; good; tree spreading, twiggy; branches smooth, glossy, zigzag.

=Albany Beauty.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 327. 1849. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 420. 1889.

_Belle d’Albany_ 3. _Denniston’s Albany Beauty_ 2, 3. _Denniston’s Albany_ 1.

Produced in the garden of Isaac Denniston, Albany, New York, about 1835. Fruit below medium in size, oval with a slight neck, greenish-yellow with reddish spots on the sunny side; flesh yellow, juicy, rich, sweet; good; stone free, small, pointed; mid-season; tree hardy; productive.

=Alberta.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit large; fairly productive; early.

=Alexander.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1903. =2.= _Ibid._ 424. 1905.

_Alexander’s Late_ 2.

Mentioned as a late native plum; productive; resistant to rot; clingstone.

=Alibuchari.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843. =2.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:534. 1855.

An old European prune. Size medium, oval, purple; fair in quality; freestone; shrivels on the tree; hardy; productive.

=Alice.= Americana mollis. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Van Buren. “Tree a fine upright grower, with large, light red fruit of best quality.”

=Allen.= Species? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:78. 1892.

Allen’s Yellow 1.

An obsolete variety from Kansas of medium size, round, yellow and red; skin thick; clingstone.

=Allfruit.= Simonii × Triflora. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:5. 1898. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 202. 1901.

Grown by Luther Burbank; named in 1898. Described by Waugh as follows: “Fruit oblate, medium size; cavity deep, rounded; stem short; suture rather shallow; color pale red with many large and small yellowish dots and a thin white bloom; skin medium thick; flesh-medium firm, bright yellow; flavor sweet and rich, fragrant; good to best; stone medium to large, slightly flattened, semi-cling; leaf large, oval, pointed, rather finely double crenulate and minutely glandular, rather thick, glistens as if varnished; petiole short, glandular.”

=Allie.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Tree productive; fruit of medium size; skin red; flavor good; early.

=Aloe.= Domestica. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 55. 1878.

Mentioned as an old Scottish variety; is not hardy at Montreal, Canada.

=Alois Reine Claude.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 420. 1889.

Alois’ Reine-Claude. _Reine-Claude d’Alois._ _Reine-Claude Aloise._

=Aloo Bokhara.= Domestica? =1.= _Horticulturist_ =3=:144. 1848.

A variety noted by Sir Alexander Burnes, while traveling in Bokhara, as having a sweet kernel. He states that the stone, when ripe, can be seen through the skin.

=Alpha.= Maritima. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1899. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

A variety selected from wild trees by E. W. Winsor of New Jersey and sent to J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, who introduced it in 1899. Very small, roundish, purple; no cavity nor suture; flesh greenish-yellow; poor; freestone; early; tree small, compact, very productive.

=Alpha-Americana.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1900.

A seedling of De Soto pollinated by Weaver; grown by N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa, in 1890. Fruit large, oval with a truncate base, clear yellow, mottled with light red, lilac blush; suture distinct; flesh yellow, firm and meaty; fair in quality; stone of medium size, flattened, free; mid-season.

=Amaryllis.= Insititia. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:33. 1903.

Originated by August Dupuis, Village des Aulnaies, Province of Quebec, in 1890 from seed of Mirabelle. Fruit large, roundish; cavity medium, abrupt; suture distinct; apex rounded; greenish-yellow; dots indistinct; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; good; clingstone.

=Amber.= Domestica? =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 577, 578. 1629. =2.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68. 1699.

Described by Parkinson in 1629 as a small, round, yellow freestone plum of mediocre quality; classified by him as “_Prunum Ambarinum_.”

=Amber Primordian.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 575. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 206. 1676.

Mentioned by Parkinson in 1629 as an early, small, round, yellow, watery, worthless plum.

=Ambre Tardif.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 421. 1889.

_Ambrée Tardive._

=Amelie Blanche.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:54. 1771.

Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, yellow; obsolete.

=Amelie Noire.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:54. 1771.

Of ancient and unknown origin. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, purplish-black; flesh dry; flavor fair; early.

=Amelioree.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Bul._ =10=:20. 1901.

D’Agen Ameliorée 1.

Ameliorée originated in eastern France and differs from Agen only in being more vigorous; foliage and fruit larger and the season earlier.

=American Golden.= Hortulana. =1.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 182. 1895. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:283. 1898.

James B. Wild of Sarcoxie, Missouri, introduced this variety as a seedling found in his neighborhood. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, round; suture a line; cavity very shallow; stem medium; bright golden-yellow; dots numerous, large, white; bloom thin; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow, firm, sweet but sprightly; good; stone of medium size, turgid, clinging; late.

=American Magnum Bonum.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 896. 1869.

Probably a seedling of Red Magnum Bonum from which it differs in that the young shoots are pubescent, the stone clinging and the fruit better in quality.

=American Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Wood Bros. _Cat._ 1898. Probably a synonym.

=American Violet.= Domestica. =1.= _Le Bon Jard._ =1=:342. 1882. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser., =3=:49. 1900. P. violette americaine 1.

Tree weak in growth, productive; fruit large, roundish-oval, light purple; bloom thick; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy; quality good; mid-season.

=American Wheat.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 289. 1845. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 346. 1849. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:129. 1873.

_American Wheat_ 3. Froment American 3.

A very small, round, pale blue plum with thin bloom; flesh greenish, melting, juicy, sweet; poor; clingstone; mid-season; tree productive; leaves small, light colored.

=Ancient City.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =6=:270 fig. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 941. 1869. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 684. 1884.

_Reagles’ Ancient City_ 1, 2.

Raised by C. Reagles, Schenectady, New York, supposedly from seed of Washington. Fruit large, roundish; suture deep; sides unequal; yellow, tinged with green, mottled with crimson specks next to the sun; bloom thin; stem of medium length, thick; flesh yellow veined with white, firm, coarse; good; freestone.

=Anderson.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:27. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 488. 1904.

_Anderson’s Early Red_ 1.

Found growing on the Turkey River near Sioux Rapids, Iowa, by Mrs. Vincent Anderson, about 1865. Trees productive; fruit of medium size; good; mid-season.

=Angelina Burdett.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Chron._ =13=:600. 1853. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:37. 1866-73. =3.= Gaucher _Pom. Prak. Obst._ 91. 1894.

Raised from seed by Henry Dowling of Woolston, England, about 1845. Tree vigorous, hardy and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; suture deep, one side enlarged; skin thick; dark purple with brown dots and heavy bloom; flesh greenish-yellow, rich, juicy, sprightly; stone small, obovate, free; mid-season.

=Angouleme.= Domestica. =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 1901. _Reine-Claude d’Angouleme_ 1.

Similar to Reine Claude.

=Anna.= Americana. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 90. 1885.

A variety grown from a wild plum root secured in Wisconsin by Mr. Charles Gibb of Montreal, Canada.

=Anna Maria.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 896. 1869.

Originated by S. D. Pardee, New Haven, Connecticut. Fruit below medium in size, roundish-oval; suture lacking; pale greenish-yellow splashed with darker green; stem short; cavity small; flesh pale green, juicy, melting, rich, sugary; good; stone nearly free; tree moderately vigorous, spreading, productive.

=Anna Spath.= Domestica. =1.= Lange _Allgem. Garten._ =2=:421. 1879. =2.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 401. 1881. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 421. 1889. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._, 2d Ser. =3=:49. 1900.

_Anna Spaeth_ 3.

Originated with M. Spath at Baumschulenweg, Germany, about 1870. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, flattened at both ends; skin tough, free; brownish-black; dots brownish; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, very juicy, mild; good; freestone; season late.

=Annual Bearer.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:11. 1901.

A seedling grown by Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa. Fruit large, oblong; suture distinct; purplish-red on a yellow ground; dots numerous, small; bloom heavy; skin thick, tough; stone strongly flattened, oval, pointed, sharp on both sides; flesh rich; flavor good; mid-season.

=Apple.= Americana. _Patten No._ 40.

A seedling of Hawkeye; fruit large, roundish, dark red; dots conspicuous; suture a line; skin tender; flesh juicy, soft, fibrous, sweet; fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Apple.= Domestica. =1.= _Cole Am. Fr. Book_ 210. 1849. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 373. 1857.

Apple Plum 1, 2.

Originated in the garden of D. U. Pratt, Chelsea, Massachusetts. Fruit large, flattened like an apple; sides unequal; suture distinct; stem short; cavity broad, deep; reddish-purple; bloom heavy; dots yellow; flesh greenish-yellow, tender, slightly coarse, sweet, sprightly; skin astringent; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Apricot.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:32. 1898.

Tree bushy; fruit medium in size, roundish; suture slight; skin thick; red over yellow; bloom thin; flesh reddish-yellow, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Aprikosenartige Mirabelle.= Insititia. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 426. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 421. 1889.

_Mirabelle Abricotée_ 2.

Said to be a synonym of Mirabelle; Oberdieck claims that this variety has firmer and sweeter flesh, and that its shoots are glabrous.

=Arab.= Domestica. =1.= _Ind. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 29. 1885. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Rpt._ 111. 1887.

Noted in the preceding references as imported from eastern Europe.

=Arctic.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A variety selected from wild plants by Thomas Frankland, Stonewall, Manitoba, and tested at the Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit large, red; late.

=Ashes Seedling.= Species? Mentioned in _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =9=:347. 1890.

=Ashridge Black.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 143. 1831. =2.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:529. 1855.

An English variety not cultivated in this country. Medium in size, roundish, purple, firm; quality fair; a good kitchen variety; tree hardy and productive.

=Assiniboia.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at the Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada; now discarded. Fruit of medium size; early.

=Aston.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 143. 1831.

A small, round, purple, clingstone plum of mediocre quality; obsolete.

=Aston Green Gage.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831.

=Atkins.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:262. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 143. 1901.

_Beatty_ 1, 2.

Originated with James Beatty at Atkins, Benton County, Iowa, and introduced by R. Royce of the same place in 1894 under the name Beatty. It became confused with the Beaty of Texas and Waugh renamed it, giving it the name of the place of its origin. Fruit large, oval, slightly compressed; cavity small; suture a line; red on a yellow ground; dots small, numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=A-248.= Munsoniana × Triflora. =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 22. 1893. =2.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =5=:67. 1898.

An early, dark crimson, heart-shaped plum of medium size, yellow flesh and inferior quality.

=Aubert.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890. =3.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 292. Pl. V c and d. 1893. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 25. 1897. =5.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 328. 1903.

Dame Aubert Jaune 1, 2. _Dame Aubert Jaune_ 3. _Riga_ 115 2. Yellow Aubert ?1, 3, 5. _Yellow Aubert_ 4.

Introduced from Russia by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station in 1882. According to the introducer this variety was found in southwest Russia and Poland; said to have come from central Asia. Evidently related to the Yellow Egg, differing in being earlier and of better quality.

=Auburn.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 897. 1869.

A variety said by Downing to be a native of western New York. Fruit medium in size, oval; suture shallow; skin light reddish-purple with a thin bloom; stem short; flesh coarse, orange-yellow, not juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; freestone; early.

=Auchtertyre.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 143. 1831.

A small, oval, purple, early plum; quality medium; freestone; obsolete.

=August.= Nigra. =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 20. 1889. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:27. 1897.

_August Red_ 1.

A large purplish-red variety introduced by J. W. Kerr, Maryland. Fruit oblong; clingstone; tree upright, vigorous, unproductive; foliage resembling that of an apricot.

=August Zwetsche.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 421. 1889.

_Liegel’s August Zwetsche._

=Aunt Ann.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 351. 1866. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 918. 1869. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ 275. 1873.

_Guthrie’s Aunt Ann_ 1. Guthrie’s Aunt Ann 2. _Aunt Ann_ 2, 3. Tante Anne 3.

This variety was grown in Scotland by a Mr. Guthrie. A large, round, greenish-yellow plum; flesh rich, juicy; freestone; tree hardy, productive.

=Aurora.= Hortulana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900-03.

_Moreman’s Cherry_ 1.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Nebraska and introduced in 1898 by J. W. Kerr of Maryland under the name “Moreman’s Cherry;” in 1900, Mr. Kerr changed the name to Aurora. Fruit large, round, cherry-red deepening to dark red; clingstone; season late; tree vigorous, productive.

=Austrian Quetsche.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:78. 1832. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 311. 1845.

_Bremen Prune_ 2, 3. _Quetsche de Breme_ 3.

A strain of the German Prune from which it differs in being a little later and of somewhat better flavor.

=Autumn Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =10=:167. 1843. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =7=:43, Pl. 1859. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 380. 1866. =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:33, fig. 1866-73. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 435. 1889.

_Autumn Gage_ 3, 5. Herbst Reine Claude 5. Prune Autumn Gage 2. _Reine-Claude d’Automne_ 2, 5. Reine-Claude d’Automne 4. Roe’s Autumn 3. _Roe’s Autumn Gage_ 3, 5.

Raised by Wm. Roe, Newburgh, New York. Tree spreading, hardy, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture shallow; stem of medium length; pale yellow with a thin bloom; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy and sweet with a rich and excellent flavor; stone long, compressed, pointed at both ends, free; season late.

=Azure.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:67, fig. 34. 1873.

Reine-Claude Azurée 1.

Mas states that this variety grew in his garden from a sucker. Tree vigorous, medium in productiveness; fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture a line; skin tender; purplish-black; stem long, slender to medium; cavity deep; flesh green, fine, tender, soft, juicy, sweet, aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

=Bailey.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1901-1902.

A variety sent J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, by the Division of Pomology, United States Department of Agriculture, for testing. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit above medium in size, oblong, very dark red; good; clingstone; said to be free from rot.

=Bailey.= Domestica. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:20. 1894.

Known only from a plate in the possession of the Rochester Lithographing Company, made some time prior to 1886, representing this plum and stating that it “has not failed to bear for twenty-five successive years.”

=Baker.= Insititia. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:41, 43. 1899. =2.= _Ibid._ =187=:77, 78. 1901.

Baker Damson 1.

Tree upright, vigorous, unproductive; fruit small, roundish-ovate; stem slender, inserted in a slight cavity; dark blue or black; flesh greenish-amber, juicy; good; stone small, roundish, clinging.

=Baker.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 101. 1891. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:182. 1897. =3.= Brown Bros. Cat. 1900.

_Baker’s German Prune_ 1, 3.

A seedling of the German Prune which had its origin at Collingwood, Canada, with a Mr. Baker. Tree hardy, an annual bearer, productive; fruit resembles the Italian Prune in color and quality but is a trifle smaller and two weeks later.

=Baldwin.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 333. 1888. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:9, 51 fig. 1905.

A wild variety found by D. L. Royer of Iowa. Tree vigorous; fruit large, round; apex flat; cavity deep, narrow; dark red, mottled with dull yellow; bloom heavy; dots whitish, minute, numerous; skin thick, astringent; flesh dark yellow, flavor pleasant, acid; good; stone semi-free, rounded, thick, of medium size.

=Ballonartige Gelbe Zwetsche.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 421. 1889.

_Damas-Ballon Jaune._ _Damas-Ballon Panachée Variete._

=Ballonartige Rote Damascene.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 421. 1889.

_Damas-Ballon Rouge._

=Bankalari Fruh Damascene.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 421. 1889.

_Bankalari’s Rote Früh Damascene_ 1.

=Banker’s Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831. =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 202. 1835.

Originated in New York. Fruit large; flavor good; adapted to drying.

=Bant Späte Reine Claude.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889.

_Bant’s Late Green Gage._

=Baraboo.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:28. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:262. 1900.

Found wild near Baraboo, Wisconsin, about 1860 and introduced by William Toole of the same place in 1897. Tree vigorous, spreading, symmetrical; fruit of medium size, round, dull yellow, overlaid with red; flesh firm, mild, sweet; quality fair; mid-season; drops badly and is a poor keeper.

=Barbary.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 207. 1676.

_Barberry_ 2.

A large, egg-shaped, early, productive, black plum.

=Barkhausen Violette Reine Claude.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889.

=Barkley.= Americana? =1.= Letter from Kerr.

_Teeter_ 1.

From Pennsylvania; fruit medium in size, green, blushed with red; good.

=Barnsback.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:11. 1901. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:9. 1905.

_Barnsbeck_ 2.

Originated at Vermilion, South Dakota. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; yellowish overspread with light red; sparsely dotted; heavy bloom; skin medium thick, astringent until fully ripe; flesh pale yellow or reddish, juicy, sweet; good; stone nearly free; mid-season.

=Baronne Helen Trauttenberg.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 352. 1895.

A variety said to resemble Italian Prune.

=Basaricatta.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Collo-Torto 1.

An Italian variety described by Gallesio in his _Pomona Italiana_. Fruit long, prune-shaped, necked; skin golden-yellow; flesh yellow, firm, sweet and agreeable; a good shipper.

=Bastle.= Species? =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:490. 1899.

Reported as very weak in growth and as having failed to produce fruit.

=Batchelor Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =12=:611. 1893.

Received for testing at the New York Experiment Station.

=Bazalicza.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:139. 1866-73. =2.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 441. 1881. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 402. 1898. =5.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser., =3=:51. 1900.

Quetsche de Bazalicza 1. _Bazalicza Zwetsche_ 1. Bazalicza Zwetsche 2, 3. _Bazalicza’s Grosse Blaue Zwetsche_ 3. _Quetsche de Bazalicza_ 3. Bazalicza’s Prune 4. Bazalicza Damson 5.

Raised by Liegel of Braunau, Germany, from seed of Red Magnum Bonum. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit above medium size, oblong-oval; suture shallow, halves usually unequal; skin free; dark purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, sweet; excellent; clingstone; early.

=Beach Plum.= Maritima.

“Beach Plum” is the common name for _Prunus maritima_.

=Beals.= Domestica.

A seedling raised by George F. Beals, of Viscalia, California, and sent to Nelson Smith of Geneva, New York, for testing. Fruit large, egg-shaped, lop-sided; suture shallow; skin thick; blue, often purplish; dots yellow; flesh firm, yellow, juicy, sweet; stone large, oval, rough; mid-season.

=Bean.= Americana, =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 128. 1890. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:28. 1897.

Found wild by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Fruit below medium in size, oblong; apex flattened; suture depressed; pale yellow tinged with crimson; dots faint; skin astringent unless fully ripe; flesh pale yellow or reddish, juicy, sweet, rich; stone large, oblong, rough, pointed, grooved on the back; mid-season.

=Beaty.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:36, 60. 1902. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 489. 1897. =3.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:478. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 192. 1901.

Beauty’s Choice 1. Beaty Choice 2. Beauty 3. _Beaty’s Choice_ 4. _El Paso_ 4. El Paso 1.

Originated under cultivation with Lee Beaty, Luling County, Texas, and introduced by him in 1877. Tree irregular, spreading; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow; light red; bloom thin; dots numerous; flesh yellow; good; stone oval, turgid, clinging.

=Bechstein Spitzpflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889.

_Blaue Zipper._ _Prunus Oxycarpa._ _Rosinen Pflaume._ _Spitz Pflaume._ _Spitzige Rote Pflaume._ _Rote Zwetsche_ incor. _Rote Zipper._

=Bedford.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size.

=Beer Plum.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890.

One of the many Domesticas imported from Europe by Professor J. L. Budd. This one is small and fit only for culinary purposes.

=Bell.= Species? =1.= _Tex. Dept. Agr. Bul._ =12=:102. 1910.

Bell’s October 1.

A variety said to be of value near Plainview, Texas.

=Belle de Hardy.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 352. 1895.

Said to resemble Agen.

=Belle de Louvain.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 392. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 898. 1869. =3.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 471. 1894. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 352. 1895.

_Large Black Imperial?_ 4. _Plum of Louvain_ 1. _Prune de Louvain_ 2. Schöne von Lowen 3. _Schöne von Lowen_ 4.

A seedling found in the nursery of Van Mons at Louvain, Belgium, about 1840. Tree vigorous, a biennial bearer; fruit large, long-oval; suture distinct; deep purple with delicate bloom; flesh firm, yellowish, juicy, rich; mid-season; valuable for culinary purposes.

=Belle de Paris.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:49. 1900.

=Belle de Riom.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:83. 1873.

This variety is thought to have originated in the vicinity of the French village of Riom, in the early part of the Nineteenth Century. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, oval; suture indistinct; skin intense purple; dots white; flesh greenish-yellow, melting, rich, sweet, aromatic; very good; stone oval, free; late.

=Belle de Schoeneberg.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom Pom._ 449. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 158, 352. 1895.

_Belle de Schöneberg._ 1. _Gloire de Schöneberg._ 1, 2. _Rotgefleckte Gold Pflaume_ 1. _Rothgefleckte Goldpflaume_ 2. Schöne von Schöneberg 1. _Schöne von Schöneberg_ 2.

Tree neither vigorous nor productive; fruit large, roundish, reddish-violet; flesh yellow, sweet, agreeable; good; early.

=Belsiana.= Cerasifera. =1.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 471. 1887.

A wild plum resembling Myrobalan, selected by the Arabs and introduced into France in 1878 by G. Luizet, to whom it was sent by Ferdinand Lombard, horticulturist at Mustopha, Algieria. Fruit of medium size, round; suture indistinct; cavity shallow; skin papery; amber-yellow, with a rose tint on the sunny side; flesh amber-yellow, melting, sweet; stone slightly clinging; early.

=Belvoir.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 680, 686. 1884.

Fruit above medium in size, round; suture faint; skin thin; black with russet markings and dots; flesh yellow, tender, rich; freestone; late.

=Bender.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1896-7. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 143. 1901. =3.= _Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 121. 1902. =4.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:10. 1905.

_Paul Wolf_ 4.

Reported to have been grown near Chaska, Minnesota, by Paul Wolf. Tree very vigorous, productive; fruit large, oblong, conical, irregular; suture indistinct; dark red with thick bloom; dots numerous, small; skin thick, tough; flesh light yellow, very firm, meaty; fair to good; stone long, pointed, early.

=Benedetto.= Domestica? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889.

_Beni-Detto._

=Benedict.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 899. 1869.

Originated in Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous; fruit small, oval; suture distinct; pale yellow, dotted and splashed with red on the sunny side; bloom thin; flesh pale yellow, juicy, pleasant; good; clingstone.

=Beni Botan.= Triflora. =1.= _Va. Sta. Bul._ =129=:111. 1901.

A variety imported by the Department of Agriculture.

=Benschoten.= Domestica.

Pits were left in the cellar of a Mr. Benschoten of Woodstock, Ulster County, New York, by a German emigrant, and from them the above variety was grown. Fruit above medium in size, oval, cream color, mottled with crimson; flesh golden-yellow, sugary, aroma like that of an apricot; season late.

=Benson.= Hortulana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 14. 1898. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 40. 1899. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 177. 1901. =4.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 422. 1905.

Moreman Prune 1. Benson Market 4.

Benson originated with Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska; was first called Moreman Prune but was renamed and introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1898. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture distinct; deep cherry-red, with numerous, yellowish dots; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone medium in size, oval, clinging; season late.

=Berlepsch.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:175. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889.

Berlepsch’s Grosse Grüne Reine-Claude 2. _Berlepchs Renclode Grosse Grüne_ 1. _Grosse Reine-Claude de Berlepsch_ 2. Grosse Reine-Claude Verte De Berlepsch 1.

A seedling raised by Liegel of Braunau, Germany. Tree vigorous, medium in productiveness; fruit of the same flavor and quality as the Reine Claude, of which it is probably a strain to be distinguished by earlier maturity, slightly more depressed form and a paler-colored skin.

=Berlet Früh Damascene.= Domestica? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889.

=Bernsteinzwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 351. 1895.

Ambre de Provence 2. _Ambre de Provence_ 1. _Bernsteinzwetsche_ 2.

Mentioned in the references cited without description.

=Berryhill.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree productive; fruit large, red over a yellow ground; skin thin, tender; flesh firm; good; clingstone.

=Berry Plum.= Species? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:78. 1892.

Mentioned as a variety growing on the grounds of the New York State College of Agriculture.

=Best Black Blood.= Triflora. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =59=:655 fig. 245. 1900.

Originated by Burbank and described by him as being productive and vigorous; leaves resembling Simon; fruit large; flesh juicy and firm.

=Best of All.= Hortulana mineri × Triflora. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:7. 1898. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =65=:730. 1906. Bestovall 1.

This is a seedling of Miner pollinated by Abundance originating with T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree vigorous, prolific; fruit of medium size, round, dark red; flesh firm, meaty; good; late.

=Beta.= Maritima. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1899-1900.

Selected from wild plants by E. W. Winsor of New York. Fruit yellow, small and round; very prolific; early.

=Betterave.= Domestica. =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:496. 1860.

Tree large and vigorous; fruit large, round, pale yellow, juicy, not pleasant.

=Beztercser Grosse Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 352. 1895.

Mentioned in the preceding references; said to resemble Washington.

=Biconical.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:270. 1901.

A cross between Abundance and “a Chicasaw,” originating with A. L. Bruce, Texas. Leaves Triflora-like with peculiar double, crenulate, glandular margins. Fruit conical, of medium size; cavity shallow; suture faint; skin thin; bright red; bloom moderate; flesh soft, yellow, subacid; quality fair; stone medium in size, round-oval, clinging.

=Biery.= Triflora. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 45. 1895.

Received from California by J. J. Biery, Covington, Louisiana, wrongly labeled Long Fruit. Fruit spherical, medium in size; cavity deep; suture indistinct; color yellow, blushed with red, patched with russet and with minute, russet dots, skin thin, separating easily from the tender, juicy, yellow flesh; good; stone medium in size, oval, clinging; early.

=Big Rose.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Div. Pom. Bul._ =10=:21. 1901.

A variety of English origin introduced into Oregon about 1900.

=Bilona.= Triflora ×?

Bilona, as yet unintroduced, originated with H. A. Biles, Roanoke, Texas, and is thought by F. T. Ramsey of Austin, Texas, to be a seedling of Chabot probably crossed with some native variety. Tree resembles Chabot; fruit red, coloring long before ripe; quality said to be very good.

=Bingham.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 27. 1828. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:101. 1832. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 272. 1845. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 87. 1854. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889.

Bingham’s Pflaume 5.

Originated in Pennsylvania. Fruit large, oval, yellow, occasionally with carmine dots on the sunny exposure; suture distinct; cavity narrow and deep; flesh yellowish, juicy, pleasant; good; clingstone; early; at one time highly esteemed.

=Biondeck.= Domestica. =1.= Koch _Deut. Obst._ 572. 1876. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ 10, Pl. IV. 1882. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889.

Biondeck’s Frühzwetsche 1, 2, 3. _Biondeck’s rothe Frühzwetsche_ 2. _Biondeck’s Rote Früh Zwetsche_ 3. _Précoce Biondeck_ 3. _Quetsche Précoce de Biondeck_ 3.

Liegel produced this variety from a seed of Early Yellow and named it after his friend Biondeck, of Baden, near Vienna. Tree large, productive; fruit oval, medium, light red; flesh yellowish, sweet, highly flavored; freestone; early; considered valuable for drying.

=Birchland.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:49. 1900.

A variety from Minnesota reported as unsatisfactory in British Columbia.

=Bittern.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 289. 1889. =2.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 25. 1894. =3.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:182. 1897.

Biltern 3.

A seedling grown by Francis Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree productive; fruit above medium or large, oval, purple, with a heavy bloom; dots few, inconspicuous; skin thick, acid; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, brisk subacid; good; stone long, of medium size, oval, clinging; early.

=Bixby.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 436. 1888. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:262. 1892. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:29. 1897.

Found on the homestead of Rev. N. W. Bixby, Clayton County, Iowa, in 1847; introduced by C. H. True, Edgewood, Iowa, in 1880. Tree spreading, vigorous; fruit large, roundish-oval; cavity narrow, shallow; suture a line; apex rounded; yellow more or less covered with bright red; dots numerous, small, yellow; skin thick, tender; flesh yellow, sweet but not rich in flavor; good; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Black Arabka.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890.

_Tchernaya Arabskaya_ 1. _Mixed Arab_ 2. _Black Arab_ 2. _Black Prune_ 2.

One of the foreign varieties tested by the Iowa Agricultural College.

=Black Ball.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

=Black Damask.= Domestica. =1.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ 1754. =2.= _Am. Gard. Cal._ 587. 1806. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 374. 1857.

_Small Damas_ 1. Little Black Damask 1. Small Black Damask 2.

Black Damask has been confused by the old writers with the common Damson. This plum is a Domestica with a sweet, pleasantly flavored flesh suitable for dessert purposes and ripens much earlier than the Damson.

=Black Damask Hasting.= Insititia. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye as having a “sharp and sourish taste.”

=Black Hawk.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =4=:95. 1889. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:29. 1897. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 37. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 143. 1901.

A wild variety found in Black Hawk County, Iowa. Tree hardy, vigorous, and productive; fruit large, flattened, more convex on the ventral side; suture distinct; deep red; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow, tender, rich; good; stone free, mid-season; listed in the fruit catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1899.

=Black Hill.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

Cultivated in the Gardens of the London Horticultural Society.

=Black Pear.= Domestica. =1.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 96. 1729.

A variety of early European origin now obsolete. Fruit pear-shaped; skin dark red or black; juicy when fully ripe.

=Black Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= Abercrombie _Gard. Ass’t_ 13. 1786. =2.= Willich _Dom. Enc._ =4=:194. 1803.

Probably a strain of Blue Perdrigon.

=Black Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Agr. Col. Bul._ 51. 1886. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887. =3.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890. =4.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =31=:349. 1895.

Arab No. 1 (Budd unpublished). _Black Prune No._ 1 3. Black Prune No. 1 4. Black Vengerka 2. _Tchernaya vengerskaya_ 1, 2.

Black Prune was imported by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station from Dr. Regel, St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1881-2, under the name “Tchernaya vengerskaya.” It was received at this Station for trial under the name “Arab No. 1.” It is a small prune of fair quality when eaten out of hand, but becomes sour in cooking.

=Black Prunella.= Domestica. =1.= Rea _Flora_ 207. 1676. =2.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ 1529. 1688.

An old European plum. Fruit small, black and very sour; once valued in England for preserves.

=Blaisdon.= Domestica. =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 1892?

Blaisdon’s Red 1.

Fruit medium in size, red; mid-season.

=Blaue Reine Claude.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 423. 1889.

_Liegel’s Blaue Reine Claude._ _Reine-Claude Bleue._ _Reine-Claude Violette._ _Schwarze Reine-Claude._

=Blaugh.= Americana. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ =6=:46. 1899.

A vigorous variety which originated in the Allegheny Mountains. Fruit above medium in size, light purple; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, juicy; good; stone clinging; late; promising.

=Bleeker Large Red.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =1=:306. 1844.

Mrs. Bleeker’s Large Red 1.

Grown by a Mrs. Bleeker of New York from stones received from Germany. Fruit large, bluish-red, melting and rich; mid-season. Downing gave Bleecker’s Scarlet as a synonym of the Lombard, but he could not have had this plum in mind.

=Bleue de Perse.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 423. 1889.

=Blood Plum.= Triflora. =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 54. 1892. =2.= _Ibid._ 96. 1895.

Beni-Smono No. 3 ?1. Blood Plum No. 3 2.

Tree open, straggling, early blooming; fruit small; flesh deep red, juicy, sweet; middle of July.

=Blubenthal.= Insititia? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 401. 1898.

Blubenthal Damson 1.

According to the preceding reference the largest of the Damsons. Fruit heart-shaped, deep purple; bloom heavy; flesh green, juicy, sprightly; mid-season.

=Blue Apricot.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:49. 1900.

Fruit above medium in size, roundish, flattened at the ends; suture well defined; skin bluish-purple; dots few; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; stone small, roundish, free; early.

=Blue Egg.= Domestica. =1.= Lange _Allgem. Garten._ =2=:421. 1879. =2.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 406. 1881. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889.

_Bamberger Eier Pflaume_ 3. Blaue Eierpflaume 2, 3. _Blaue Kaiser Pflaume_ 3. _Dame-Aubert Rouge_ 3. _Eier Pflaume_ 3. _Grosse Blaue Eier Pflaume_ 3. _Violette Kaiser Pflaume_ 3 incor.

A European variety similar to the German Prune. Tree large; fruit large, obovate to oval; skin reddish-blue; flesh yellow, aromatically sweet; freestone; mid-season.

=Blue Eye.= Domestica. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894.

Mentioned as of German origin by J. W. Kerr, who obtained the variety from Charles Luedloff, Carver, Minnesota.

=Blue Matchless.= Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

=Bluemont.= Angustifolia watsoni. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 126. 1889. =2.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 222. 1898.

Introduced by E. Gale of Manhattan, Kansas, about 1860. Fruit of medium size, round, flattened, dull red with heavy bloom; flesh yellow, coarse; flavor fair; clingstone; early.

=Blue Moldavka.= Domestica. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc._ =1=:17, 74. 1894. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =31=:347. 1895. =3.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =101=:119, 120 fig. 1901. =4.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:306. 1903. =5.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:38. 1903.

Moldavka 1, 3. Voronesh Blue 5.

Blue Moldavka was received from Russia by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station about 1882 in a lot of sprouts labeled Moldavka. Tree hardy and productive; fruit large, oblong; suture a line; cavity of medium size; stem short; dark purple; bloom thick; dots numerous, russet; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, dry; flavor not high; quality fair; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Blue Plum.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =7=:404. 1852. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 900. 1869.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture obscure; skin dark blue with light bloom; flesh yellowish-green, juicy, sweet and refreshing; clingstone; early.

=Blue Primordian.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 575. 1629. =2.= _Rea Flora_ 206. 1676.

An old variety of the same shape as the Red Primordian but smaller and of a violet-blue color; of good taste; ripens early, productive.

=Blue Prolific.= Domestica. =1.= _Flor. and Pom._ 89. 1876. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 722. 1884. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 156, 356. 1895.

_Blue Prolific_ 3. Fertile Bleue 3. _Rivers’ Blue Prolific_ 2. _Rivers No._ 4 1.

Tree hardy, productive; fruit below medium in size, oval, slightly narrowed at the stem end; cavity and suture shallow; dark purple, with thin bloom; flesh dull greenish-yellow, juicy; flavor brisk and agreeable; a cooking plum; stone clinging; ripens early.

=Blue Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Hoffy _Orch. Comp._ 2. 1842.

Hoffy published a colored engraving of this variety, but did not describe it. Fruit long-oval; suture deep; dark blue.

=Blue Rock.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 423. 1903.

A seedling from Thomas Rivers, England. Tree upright, productive; fruit of medium size, round; cavity small; suture distinct; dark purple; dots small, gray; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; clingstone; early.

=Blue Tweens.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =25=:204. 1870. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 52. 1871.

A seedling, raised by G. P. Peffer of Pewaukee, Wisconsin, about 1855. Tree hardy, slow in growth; fruit in pairs, giving rise to the name; flesh yellowish-green, adhering to the stone on one side; flavor sprightly subacid; late.

=Blue Violet.= Domestica. Mentioned in Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1528. 1688.

=Blum.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ 3d Ser. =8=:280 fig. 1860. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 900. 1869.

A seedling from North Carolina resembling Nelson’s Victory in color and shape. Size above medium, oval, dull orange with numerous small brown dots; flesh yellowish-brown, juicy; good; early.

=Bohemian Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894.

Introduced by J. W. Kerr, who secured plants from Charles Luedloff, Carver, Minnesota. Tree upright, vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-oval, dark purple; good.

=Bomberger.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:12. 1901.

A variety grown by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Harrison; first fruited in 1897. Tree upright, vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish; suture faint; yellow overlaid with red; flesh tender, sweet, rich; good; stone round, smooth, abruptly pointed; mid-season.

=Bongoume.= Triflora. =1.= Normand _Cat._ 1891.

Sold by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana, as a Japanese plum resembling an apricot.

=Bonne Bouche.= Domestica. =1.= Thompson _Gard, Ass’t_ =4=:156. 1901.

Of French origin. Fruit medium, greenish-yellow; flesh golden-yellow, tender, juicy; flavor delicious; mid-season; valuable for dessert.

=Bonne de Bry.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 480. 1904. =3.= _Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 526 fig. 1904.

Originated in the valley of the Marne near Bry-sur-Marne, France. Tree vigorous; fruit below medium, globular; suture shallow; skin dark purple; heavy bloom; flesh greenish, juicy, sweet, tender; good for canning; stone very small; very early.

=Bonnemain de la Digue.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 423. 1889.

Found in the reference given above and in _Journal de la Societe Nationale et Centrale d’Horticulture de France_ 562. 1875.

=Bonne Rouge.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

=Bonnet d’Eveque.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 353. 1866. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 900. 1869. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 352. 1895.

Bischofsmütze 3. _Bonnet d’Eveque_ 3. _Die Bischofsmütze_ 4.

Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium, obovate, dark purple; flesh rich; freestone; good; late.

=Bossland.= Hortulana mineri × (Domestica? × Hortulana). =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:263. 1900.

A cross between Miner and a seedling of Quackenboss and Wayland, originating with Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, in 1893. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit medium, dark red; flesh coarse, dry; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Boulouf.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 901. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 688. 1884. =3.= _N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt._ =15=:291. 1896.

Bouloff 3.

Large, roundish-oval; suture a line; stem short and thick; red covered with thick bloom; dots brownish; flesh yellow, juicy and sweet; good.

=Bouncer.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:29. 1903.

A seedling of Yosemite Purple grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, about 1900. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; uniform deep purplish-red; dots numerous, yellow, distinct; moderate bloom; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet and rich; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Bower.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 122. 1860. =2.= _Gard. Mon._ =3=:314. 1861.

Bower’s Gage 1, 2.

A seedling raised by a Mr. Bower of Philadelphia about 1850. Tree lacking in vigor; fruit oblong, yellow, like Lawrence; probably of Reine Claude parentage; good.

=Bowle.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 207. 1676.

_Bole_ 2.

Described by Rea as of “middle size, black, flat on one side and well tasted.”

=Brackett.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

One of H. A. Terry’s varieties coming from a seed of Harrison. Tree strong, upright and productive; fruit large, pale yellow overspread with dark red; flesh yellow, firm; good; stone semi-clinging.

=Brahy.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 353. 1866. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 901. 1869. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 445. 1889.

Brahy’s Green Gage 1, 2. _Brahy’s Green Gage_ 3. _Reine-Claude de Brahy_ 1, 2, 3. Reine-Claude von Brahy 3.

Supposed to have been raised by M. Brahay Eckenholm, at Herstal, near Liege, Belgium. Fruit very large, round; suture distinct; skin yellowish-green, with fine bloom; flesh rich yellow, tender, juicy, very rich flavor; mid-season; a trifle later than Reine Claude, which it otherwise resembles.

=Brainerd.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:36. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 144. 1901.

_Brainerd’s Best_ 2.

A wild variety found in Ramsay County, Minnesota, prior to 1884. Fruit small; poor; worthless.

=Brandon Ruby.= Nigra. Mentioned in _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:39. 1903.

=Brandy Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 371. 1866. =2.= Fell _Cat._ 1893. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 352. 1895. =4.= _Garden_ =62=:433. 1902.

_Impériale de Mann_ 3. _Mann’s Imperial_ 1, 3. _Mann’s Brandy Gage_ 1, 3.

A variety of European origin resembling a small Golden Drop. Fruit small, yellow, with heavy bloom; flesh melting and sweet; good; early.

=Brant of Naples.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort. Soc. An. Rpt._ =19=:253. 1896.

Mentioned as hardy. This variety may be the same as Beauty of Naples.

=Brauman.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 547. 1901.

An unproductive German variety. Fruit medium in size, globular; stem short; suture a line; skin greenish-yellow; flesh green, coarse, dry, sweet, pleasant; stone clinging; early.

=Braunauer Damascenenartige Pflaume.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 423. 1889.

=Breck.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:7. 1898. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 204. 1901.

First offered for sale in 1899 by F. T. Ramsey of Austin, Texas. Fruit oblong or slightly conical, medium in size; stem short; suture lacking; bright red, indistinctly striped; dots many, small, white, inconspicuous; bloom light; flesh red, fibrous; clingstone; much like Wild Goose, but somewhat firmer.

=Brevoort Purple.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 203. 1835. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 222, 244. 1858. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 901. 1869. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 448. 1889.

_Brevoorfs Purple_ 4. Brevoort’s Purple Bolmar 1. _Brevoort’s Purple Washington_ 1, 3, 4. Brevorts 2. Brevort’s Purple 3. _Brevort’s Purple_ 4. _Brevorts’ Purple Bolmar_ 4. _Brevorts Purple Bolmar_ 3. _New York Purple_ 3, 4. Rote Washington 4. _Rouge de Brevoort_ 4. Washington 4. _Washington Purple_ 3, 4.

A seedling grown by Henry Brevoort of New York from a stone of Washington planted in 1819. Fruit large, oval; suture distinct at the base; skin reddish-purple; flesh yellow, soft, juicy, vinous; clingstone; mid-season; rejected by the American Pomological Society.

=Briancon.= Domestica? =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:105. 1832. =3.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ 1. 1846.

De Briançon 1, 3. _Prune de Briancon_ 3. _Prune de Brigantiaca_ 2, 3.

A variety indigenous to the Alps in southeastern France. Trees grow to the height of eight or ten feet; fruit small, nearly round, smooth, yellow, with reddish tinge; flesh yellow; freestone. The stone contains a bitter kernel, from which is extracted a valuable oil. Prince considered the tree a hybrid between the plum and the apricot.

=Brignole.= Domestica. =1.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ 3. 1754. =2.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:55. 1771. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 151. 1831. =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:67. 1832. =5.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 295, 383. 1846.

Prune de Brignole 1. _Brignole Plum_ 1. Brignole Jaune 2. Perdrigon de Brignole Gros 3. _Perdrigon de Brignole_ ?4. _Brignole Jaune_ 5. _Prune de Brignole_ 5.

The Brignole plum is named from Brignoles, a town in France where it is used with the White Perdrigon for the famous Brignoles Prunes. Duhamel and several others have confused the two varieties but they seem to be distinct. The Brignole is larger, its skin less tough, flesh more yellow and the season later than White Perdrigon.

=Brignole Violette.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:55. 1771. =2.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 69. 1699. =3.= _Cal. State Bd. Hort. Rpt._ 107. 1891.

_Brugnole_ 2. _Brignole_ 2. Brignole 3.

This seems to be a purple strain of the Brignole which has found its way into California. Fruit oval, medium in size, violet; dots light yellow, yellow spots on the sunny side; flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, sweet; freestone; best adapted to a warm climate.

=Brill.= Cerasifera. =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =17=:305. 1875. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:368. 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 230. 1901. =4.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:272. 1904.

This plum is thought to have originated in Mississippi and was introduced by J. T. Whitaker, Tyler, Texas. Tree vigorous, with an upright-spreading habit; fruit small, round; cavity broad, shallow; stem long, slender; suture a line; bright red with yellow dots; bloom thin; skin thin; flesh yellow, soft, juicy; quality fair; stone small, clinging; early; listed in the American Pomological Society catalog of fruits for 1875 but removed in 1883.

=Bristol.= Domestica. =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 212. 1904.

Bristol, as tested in Illinois, is very similar to, if not identical with the Lombard.

=Briton Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 92, 1885.

An unproductive seedling of Canadian origin. Fruit of medium size, very dark blue; bloom heavy; flesh greenish, firm, juicy, sweet and pleasant; late.

=Brittlewood.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:30. 1897. =2.= _U. S. D. A. Yearbook_ 477, 478, Pl. LXII. 1902.

_Brittlewood No._ 1 2.

Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska, grew this variety from seed of Quaker pollinated by Harrison. Tree large, vigorous, spreading; fruit large, nearly round, symmetrical; cavity small, shallow; stem medium; suture shallow; dark red when fully ripe; dots numerous, small; bloom thick; skin thick, tenacious; flesh yellowish, meaty, juicy, mild subacid, rich; good; stone oval, large, clinging; mid-season.

=Brittlewood No. 3.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 5. 1898.

From the same source as Brittlewood but from the reciprocal cross. The two varieties are similar in all respects except that Brittlewood No. 3 is about a week earlier.

=Britzer Egg.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 548. 1901.

Originated in Germany. Tree productive; fruit below medium size, egg-shaped; stem short; suture wide, shallow; yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; stone large, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Brock.= Species? =1.= _Can. Hort._ =18=:350. 1895.

General Brock 1.

A seedling grown by J. K. Gordon of Whitby, Ontario. Said to be early and attractive.

=Brodie.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:33. 1903.

A seedling tree known in the family of R. Brodie, Montreal, Quebec, for three generations. Fruit below medium, almost round, dark purple; dots obscure; suture a line; flesh greenish-yellow, sweet, rich; good; mid-season.

=Brompton.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

An old variety formerly much used as a stock.

=Brooklyn.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit large, oblong, dark red over a yellow ground; flesh firm, yellow; good; stone semi-clinging.

=Brunner Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

Undescribed by Mathieu who took the name from _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 286. 1884.

=Brunswick.= Munsoniana. =1.= Lovett _Cat._ 44. 1893. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 294. 1903. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:245, 254, 255. 1905.

According to the Lovett Nursery Company, this plum originated in Missouri and was introduced by them. Fruit above medium, roundish-oval; stem of medium length, slender; bright red on a yellowish ground; flesh yellow, meaty, sweet; good; early.

=Brussels.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

=Bryan.= Americana. =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 144. 1901.

_W. J. Bryan_ 1. _Colonel Bryan_ 1.

One of H. A. Terry’s numerous seedlings which fruited first in 1896. Fruit large, oblong, rich, dark red; flesh firm; good.

=Buchanan.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

=Buchner Konigspflaume.= Domestica. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889. _Braunauer Königs Pflaume. Braunauer Violetter Perdrigon. Royale de Braunau._

=Budd.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

_Prof. Budd_ 1.

Originated with H. A. Terry of Iowa and first fruited in 1897. Tree upright, productive; fruit large, bright red, with numerous white dots; flesh firm; good; mid-season.

=Buel.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 272. 1845. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =8=:59, Pl. 1860. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

Buel’s Favorite 1. Buel’s Liebling’s Zwetsche 3. Buel’s Favorite 3. _Favorite de Buel_ 3. Prune Buel’s Favorite 2.

Raised about 1840 by Isaac Denniston of Albany and named after the distinguished agriculturist, Judge Buel. Fruit large, ovate, broadest toward the stem; stalk long and thick; pale green, thickly sprinkled with lighter dots and speckled red near the stalk; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy and rich; good; stone nearly free; mid-season.

=Buffalo Bill.= Species? =1.= Letter from F. T. Ramsey.

Selected from the wild plums of Texas.

=Buhl-Eltershofen.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

_Buhl-Eltershofen Zwetsche._

=Buhler.= Domestica. =1.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 473. 1894.

Buhler’s Early Prune 1.

Fruit of medium size, egg-shaped, beautiful blue; table and market plum; early.

=Bulah No. 4.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:263. 1900.

A seedling from a Miner tree pollinated by wild plums, from J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Cedar County, Iowa, in 1894. Fruit medium to large, dark red; late.

=Bullman.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 464. 1900.

A vigorous variety from Germany. Fruit above medium, oval; suture deep; sides unequal; yellow with red dots; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; freestone; early.

=Bulgaria.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

Mathieu refers this variety to _Pomologische Monatshetfe_ 323. 1887.

=Bulgarian.= Domestica. =1.= _Cal. Sta. Bd. Hort._ 292. 1885-6. =2.= _Ibid._ 107 fig. 1891. =3.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 357. 1891. =4.= _N. Mex. Sta. Bul._ =27=:126. 1898.

Belgarian Prune 1.

A variety grown chiefly in the vicinity of Haywards, Alameda County, California, for drying. Tree vigorous, bears early and regularly, productive; fruit above medium, roundish-obovate, having a short neck; suture shallow; apex slightly compressed; stem slender, one inch long; cavity narrow and shallow; dark purple; flesh greenish-yellow, sweet and rich with a pleasant flavor; good; stone semi-clinging; season early.

=Bullock.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 69. 1699.

Bullock’s Heart 1.

Described as an “extream large plum.”

=Bull Plum.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye as a “dry plum.”

=Bunker Hill.= Domestica. =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 196. 1891. =2.= _Me. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=: 64. 1896. =3.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =134=:41. 1902.

_Plattman’s Bunker Hill_ 1.

Originated at the Yates County Nurseries near Seneca Lake, New York, by J. H. Plattman, from a seed of a plum which grew near a Washington and a Reine Claude. Tree upright, vigorous and productive; fruit medium to large, blue; good; mid-season.

=Bunte Fruh Pflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

=Bunter Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= Lange _Allgem. Garten._ =2=:419. 1879. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ 18, Pl. 4. 1882. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

_Der Bunter Perdrigon_ 2. _Perdrigon Bariole_ 3.

A European variety called Bunter because of its variegated colored fruit. Tree large; fruit medium, violet-blue on the sunny side, red and green on the shaded side; flesh greenish, juicy, sprightly; quality fair; freestone; recommended for table and drying purposes in Germany.

=Burbank First.= Triflora. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =65=:730. 1906.

Burbank’s First 1.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, red and yellow; early; inferior.

=Burbank No. 1.= Triflora. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:22. 1894.

One of Burbank’s seedlings said to resemble Berckmans.

=Burbank No. 7.= Triflora × Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:52. 1895. =2.= _Ibid._ =169=:249. 1899.

Tree vigorous, round-topped, branches upright; fruit roundish-ovate; cavity narrow, deep, suture broad, shallow; greenish-yellow; flesh pale yellow, sweet, juicy, sprightly, highly flavored; stone turgid, roundish-oval, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Burbank No. 11.= Triflora × Domestica? =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =129=:32, 34. 1896.

Both tree and fruit give indications of an admixture of Domestica. Tree not productive; fruit large; flavor good.

=Burbank × Redick.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 228. 1909.

A hybrid from Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, published in the preceding reference under the name of its parents. It resembles the Burbank very closely and is said to be somewhat more hardy than that variety but inferior in quality.

=Burchardt Gelbe Fruh Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889.

Listed by Mathieu from _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 286. 1884.

=Burettes.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 374. 1857. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =5=:47, Pl. 1857. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:115. 1866-73.

Burrettes 1. Des Burettes 3. Prune Des Burettes 2.

Originated by M. Gregoire of Burrettes, Belgium, and first reported in 1849. Tree vigorous, hardy; fruit large, irregularly oval; suture faint; dull greenish-yellow with rose-purple on the sunny exposure; flesh green, fine, melting; juice abundant, sweet, agreeably aromatic; good; freestone.

=Burford.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= Munson _Cat._ 1906-7.

A seedling of Burbank crossed with Clifford from T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree weeping; branches more slender than those of Burbank; fruit large, round, light, bright red; stone small.

=Burgundy Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 374. 1857. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889. =3.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 357. 1891.

Burgunder Zwetsche 2. _Prune de Bourgoyne_ 1, 2. _Burgundy Prune_ 2. Susina Torla d’ Nova di Borgogna 2 incor.

Fruit medium, egg-shaped with a neck; suture indistinct; reddish-black; dots minute, numerous; flesh juicy, sugary, pleasant; freestone; mid-season.

=Burlington Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Goodrich _N. Fr. Cult._ 83. 1849. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 902. 1869.

Raised from seed of some unknown “Blue Gage,” brought from Connecticut about 1800, and planted by Mrs. Ozias Buel of Burlington, Vermont. Tree hardy, vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, dark purplish-blue, with abundant bloom; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, rich; freestone; early; formerly considered valuable.

=Burnet.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843.

Fruit small, roundish, purple; freestone; mid-season; similar to Wine Sour.

=Bursoto.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =10=:106. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 144. 1901.

A hybrid of Burbank with De Soto, grown and named by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska, about 1890. Tree of the Americana type; fruit large, oblique, oval; cavity lacking; stem short, thick; light red and yellow; dots small, white; skin thick; flesh yellow, juicy; good; stone semi-clinging; early.

=Byefield.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 272. 1845.

Fruit small, round; suture a line; light yellow, with red spots around the stem; flesh yellow; clingstone; good; early; rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1888.

=Caddo Chief.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 162. 1881. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:60, 86. 1892. =3.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:479. 1894. =4.= _N. Mex. Sta. Bul._ =27=:124. 1898. =5.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 193. 1901.

Found wild in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, and introduced by G. W. Stones, Shreveport, Louisiana. It is favorably reported from the South but not generally recommended, although the American Pomological Society included it in their catalog of fruits in 1897. Tree low-branching, hardy and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblong; suture shallow; cavity medium deep; skin thick, tough; bright red; flesh reddish-yellow, firm, sweet and juicy; poor; stone large, round, clinging; season early.

=Caldwell Golden Drop.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 902. 1869.

Caldwell’s Golden Drop 1.

Possibly an American strain of the Golden Drop. Fruit large, oval, sides often unequal; suture distinct; yellow marbled with crimson in the sun, with thin bloom; stem slender; cavity small; flesh yellow, juicy, sugary, rich; good; clingstone; early.

=Caldwell White Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 903. 1869.

Caldwell’s White Gage 1.

A productive variety of American origin. Fruit of medium size, oval, narrowing slightly at the apex; suture shallow; apex pointed; greenish-yellow, dotted with purple in the sun; bloom thick; stem long; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, juicy, sugary; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=California.= Americana, =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145. 1901.

_California Seedling_ 2. Cal. Seedling 1.

Fruit of medium size, slightly oblate; cavity medium deep, flaring; stem long; suture a line; bright red; dots many, minute; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow; good; stone roundish, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Cambell.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 903. 1869.

_Cambell’s Seedling_ 1. _McCauley’s Seedling_ 1.

Fruit large, oval; suture shallow; pale yellow, splashed with green, dotted and marbled with crimson in the sun; bloom light; cavity small; flesh pale yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Campbell.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =25=:49, 83. 1883.

A seedling found growing on a Mr. Campbell’s farm near Abingdon, Virginia. Very late and a long keeper.

=Canada Blue.= Domestica. =1.= Lutts _Cat._ 1890?

Mentioned as a “small, round, early, blue plum, very productive and excellent for preserving.”

=Canada Orleans.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 180. 1881. =2.= _Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 466. 1883. =3.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:183. 1897.

_Canada Egg_ ?1. Canada Egg 2.

Probably originated in the vicinity of Hamilton, Ontario, where it is chiefly grown. Fruit medium to large, reddish-purple, with heavy bloom; flesh yellow, juicy, melting, sweet, rich; early.

=Canadian Apricot.= Nigra.

The common wild plum of Canada.

=Candelaria.= Domestica. =1.= Clarke _Prune Industry_ 41. 1893.

Candelaria Prune 1.

About 1881 W. B. Simpson discovered that a supposed Golden Drop tree on the farm of S. A. Clarke, Salem, Oregon, was not true to name. It seemed of value and was named Candelaria from the name of the farm. Fruit large, yellow; flesh solid, subacid; very good; has not been extensively propagated.

=Caper.= Triflora × Cerasifera? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:221. 1899.

Grown between 1890 and 1895 by J. S. Breece, of North Carolina. Waugh states that the fruit and foliage suggest the species mentioned above. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; dark red; dots many, minute; skin thick, tough; flesh firm, red, sprightly, subacid; fair in quality; stone large, turgid, clinging.

=Capitaine Kirchhof.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424, 434. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 353. 1895.

_Capitaine Kirckhof_ 1. _Capitaine Kirckkof_ 2. _Hauptmann Kirchhof’s Pflaume_ 1, 2. _Kirchhof’s Pflaume_ 1, 2. _Prune de Kirchhof_ 1.

Found by M. Oberdieck of Schaferhof on the estate of a Captain Kirchhof near Nienburg (Hanover). Tree productive; fruit of medium size, round, purplish-brown; bloom thick; flesh yellow, fine, juicy; sweet, aromatic; good; late.

=Captain.= Hortulana? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:283. 1898.

Columbia 1. _Columbia_ 2.

Introduced about 1892 by A. M. Ramsey and Son of Austin, Texas, under the name Columbia but changed by Waugh in 1898 to Captain to avoid confusion with an older Columbia. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, spherical, bright golden-yellow; dots many, conspicuous, whitish; suture a line; skin thin, tough; flesh firm, yellow; good; stone small, clinging; late.

=Capt. Bacon.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of Weaver grown by H. A. Terry. Tree vigorous; fruit large, red over yellow; flesh yellow, coarse, rich; freestone; a culinary variety.

=Capt. Watrous.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry who plucked the first fruit in 1897. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, roundish, yellow overspread with bright red; good.

=Caro.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:29, 38. 1903.

A seedling of Wolf which originated at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, in 1895. Fruit large, roundish; suture distinct; bright red, showing yellow in patches; dots numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom light; skin thick; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; good; mid-season.

=Caroline.= Americana? =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 412. 1899. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:11. 1905.

A seedling grown by C. W. H. Heideman, New Ulm, Minnesota. Fruit of medium size, yellowish-red; good; season of Forest Garden; subject to plum-pocket and unproductive.

=Carpenter.= Species? =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:11. 1905.

A seedling from Vermilion, South Dakota.

=Carson.= Domestica.

According to a letter from G. B. Brackett of the United States Department of Agriculture, Carson is a strain of Lombard.

=Carstesen.= Nigra. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:29. 1903.

A seedling grown by H. P. Carstesen, Billings Bridge, Ontario. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity narrow; suture obscure; apex rounded; yellow, nearly covered with deep red; dots obscure; bloomless; skin thin, tender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone flat, roundish, nearly free; early.

=Carver.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1896-1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145. 1901.

Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit small, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture a line; red, sometimes mottled; dots many, small; skin tough; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; late; unpromising.

=Catalano.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Susino Catalano 1. _Prunus Catalanica_ 1. _Catalana-Susina_ 1. _Catelane_ 1.

This Italian variety is much larger than the Early Yellow, known also as the Catalonia. They may be related, however, for Gallesio says that there are many varieties from Catalonia which are similar in shape and taste. Fruit large, oblong, slightly necked; skin greenish and greasy; pulp green, soft, tender, juicy and pleasant.

=Catalana Propria.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

_Catalana Toscana_ 1.

A good strain of Catalano grown in Italy.

=Catelano Giallo.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Buon-Boccone 1. Buon-Bocconi 1.

This variety is figured under the name Buon-Boccone and described under Catelano Giallo. As early as 1839 it was well known in parts of Italy and was then ranked next to the Reine Claude in quality. Fruit large, oval, dull yellow, tinged with red; pulp yellow, tender, sweet and highly flavored.

=Catelano Violaceo.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Catelana Morella? 1. Susina Vecchietti 1. Susino Vecchietti 1.

Gallesio described this plum as a strain of the Catelano and adds that it is grown in abundance at Florence. Tree medium in size; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; violet; pulp yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet and highly flavored.

=Catherine.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900.

Tree strong, moderately productive; fruit above medium size, egg-shaped; suture a line; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; pleasant; good; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

=Cel.= Cerasifera × (Triflora × Simonii). =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:8. 1898.

Originated and named by Luther Burbank, who states that it is a cross between Myrobalan and Wickson. Fruit of medium size, egg-shaped; cavity rounded; suture indistinct; apex pointed; bright, transparent yellow; flavor resembling the Americanas; good; stone of medium size, clinging.

=Centennial.= Species? =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 308. 1884.

Originated in 1877 by George U. Oberholtzer, Sioux City, Iowa. Fruit of medium size; skin firm; good; ten days later than Miner.

=Centralia.= Domestica. =1.= Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1892? =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900.

A vigorous variety from J. B. Webster of Centralia, Illinois.

=Cerney Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 69. 1699. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 93, 97. 1729.

Cernay Perdrigon 2.

A variety long since obsolete. Fruit roundish, slightly flattened, red; good.

=Ceur de Beuf.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 69. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye in 1699 as a violet-red plum. Its relationship to Coeur de Boeuf is unknown.

=Chabot Blood.= Triflora × Simonii. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =106=:49. 1896.

Fruit of medium size, dull red or cinnabar; flesh firm, brick red, very juicy, sweet, aromatic; late.

=Champion.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 392. 1891. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145 fig. 1901.

A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry; first fruited in 1891. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; red over yellow; dots many, conspicuous; skin firm; flesh yellow, firm; flavor not high; quality fair; stone large, oval, flattened, clinging; late.

=Chancellor Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831.

Fruit of medium size, round, yellow; quality fair; a table plum.

=Chapin.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 903. 1869.

Grown by Aaron Chapin, Hartford, Connecticut. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, oval; suture shallow; stem long, slender; cavity deep; light reddish-purple; flesh yellow, juicy, vinous; good; semi-clinging; late.

=Chariot.= Species? =1.= Harrison _Cat._ 1897.

Probably misnamed.

=Charity Clark.= Munsoniana × _Prunus persica_. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:77. 1892.

Blackman 1.

For a history of this variety see Blackman.

=Charlotte.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 25. 1828. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:59. 1832.

Tomlinson’s Charlotte 1, 2. _Charlotte_ 2.

Prince says this is “a seedling of Yellow Egg raised by Judge Tomlinson.” Tree very vigorous; fruit shaped like its parent, yellow; flesh sweet with an agreeable flavor; early.

=Charmer.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit large, red, bitter; early.

=Chautauqua.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:38. 1903.

A variety grown on the Experimental Farm at Ottawa, Canada.

=Chauviere.= Domestica. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 535. 1891.

Reine-Claude Chauviere 1. _Belle de Doue_ 1 incor.

Grown by M. Chauviere, a Frenchman, who had purchased it under the false name of Belle de Doue. Trees variable in productiveness; fruit roundish-oblate; suture shallow; skin changes from marbled greenish-yellow to dark red, dotted and stained with cinnabar-red; flesh yellowish-green, soft, juicy, honey-like, very agreeable; clingstone.

=Cheresoto.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Americana. _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

Cheresoto originated with N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station as a result of a cross of _Prunus besseyi_ with De Soto. After fruiting for one year it was introduced in 1910. Fruit small, oval; apex pointed; black; bloom heavy; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; clingstone.

=Cherokee.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:78. 1892. 2. Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145. 1901.

Said to have been found wild in Kansas. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblong; skin blotched red, thick; clingstone.

=Cherry.= Nigra. =1.= _N. J. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 186. 1885. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:264. 1900.

Found wild near Chaseburg, Vernon County, Wisconsin, in 1870 by E. Markle of LaCrosse, Wisconsin; introduced by the discoverer. Tree hardy, productive, an early bearer; fruit resembles that of De Soto except that it is larger and about twenty days earlier in ripening.

=Chester.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 547. 1901.

An unimportant seedling from the British Columbia Experiment Station not to be confused with the Chester of Forsyth. Tree vigorous, unproductive; fruit medium in size, obovate; cavity narrow, deep; suture shallow; reddish-pink with numerous golden dots; flesh firm, juicy, sprightly, slightly coarse; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

=Chester.= Domestica. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 20. 1803.

Mentioned by Forsyth as very productive; fruit rich; season late.

=Chester County Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 903. 1869.

From Chester County, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous; branches slender; fruit of medium size, oval; suture faint; cavity small; stem long, slender; black with thick bloom; flesh greenish, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Chestnut.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

Fruit purple, oblong; size and quality medium; clingstone; a table plum.

=Chicrigland.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:9. 1898. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:270. 1901.

Grown by T. V. Munson, from seed of a plum grown by F. T. Ramsey, Lampasas County, Texas. Tree vigorous; branches zigzag, drooping; fruit oval, small; cavity of medium depth, rounded; suture faint; dull red over yellow; surface a trifle fuzzy; dots many; bloom heavy; skin thin, tender, not astringent; flesh soft, yellow, mild acid, aromatic; quality fair; stone clinging.

=Chinook.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at the Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size, red; early.

=Chippewa.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 85. 1890. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:37. 1892. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =31=:346. 1895.

Chippeway 2.

A dwarf variety from Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, often bearing when only two feet in height. Fruit small, deep red; skin medium thick; flesh firm, sweet; stone free, small, pointed, rough; worthless.

=Choptank.= Munsoniana. =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 133. 1893. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 40. 1899. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:154. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 184. 1901.

A seedling of Wild Goose grown by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland; introduced in 1893; listed in the American Pomological Society catalog of fruits in 1899. Tree vigorous, prolific and hardy; foliage large, ornamental; fruit above medium to large, variable in shape, roundish-oblong to oval; cavity shallow; stem long; suture distinct; skin thin, tough; bright red; dots numerous, light colored; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, rather acid but of good quality; stone medium in size, oval, flattened, clinging; medium early.

=Christian.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 209. 1676.

_Nutmeg_ 1, 2.

Shrubby in growth; fruit small, dark red; late; obsolete.

=Christie.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:264. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 145. 1901.

Taken from the woods by W. Christie, Villisca, Iowa, in 1887. Fruit round, truncate, medium in size; apex flattened; cavity wide; suture lacking; yellow, covered with red; bloom light; skin thick; flesh yellow, melting, flavor sweet, luscious; very good; stone circular, thick, semi-clinging.

=Churchill.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:611. 1893.

A seedling found by G. W. Churchill on the shores of Lake Cayuga. Fruit large, blue; quality poor; not valuable.

=Chypre.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:82. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:37, Tab. 187 fig. 2. 1796. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:96. 1832. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 690. 1884.

Cyprian 3. Die Pflaume aus Cypern 2. _De Chypre_ 3. De Chypre 4. Prune de Chypre 1. _Prune de Chypre_ 2, 3.

Chypre is an old variety of unknown origin. Fruit of medium size, round; suture shallow; cavity large; purple; bloom thick; flesh firm, greenish, sweet when fully ripe; quality fair; stone clinging; early.

=Cinnamon.= Domestica. =1.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ 2. 1688.

An old and unimportant variety now obsolete.

=Cistena.= Prunus besseyi × Cerasifera. _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

Introduced in 1909 by the originator, N. E. Hansen of South Dakota Experiment Station. It shows the glossy, purple foliage of the Pissardi plum, one of its parents, and may be of some value as an ornamental.

=City.= Americana. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 128. 1890. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:32. 1897. =3.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 144. 1901. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 146. 1901.

This variety came from the seed of a wild plum growing one-half mile from Springfield, Minnesota; introduced by H. Knudson in 1890. Tree upright when young but with a weeping tendency when older, vigorous, hardy and productive; fruit large, nearly round; cavity of medium width, deep; suture a distinct line; dark dull red over yellow; dots numerous, small, yellow, distinct; bloom heavy; skin thick, tough, slightly astringent; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone of medium size, oval, flattened, semi-clinging; medium to late.

=Clara.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =14=:51. 1893. =2.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:482. 1894.

A large and attractive seedling of Wild Goose grown and introduced by G. Onderdonk, Texas.

=Clarendon.= Angustifolia watsoni. =1.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 223. 1898.

One of several seedlings secured from northern Texas by F. T. Ramsey.

=Clark.= Species? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:48. 1892. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 294. 1903.

A wild seedling found in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Tree moderately vigorous, not hardy in the North; fruit of medium size, roundish, bright red; dots numerous; stem short; cavity broad, deep; skin tough; flesh yellow, firm; inferior.

=Cleavinger.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._ 274. 1854. =2.= Hoffy _N. Am. Pom._ 1860.

Originated about 1845 with a Mr. Fernsler of Philadelphia from the stone of an unnamed seedling; introduced by Wm. S. Cleavinger of West Philadelphia. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; dark purple; stem short, thick, surrounded by a fleshy ring; flesh deep yellow, coarse, juicy, vinous, slightly subacid; good; mid-season.

=Cleveland.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:49. 1897. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900. =3.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Mrs. Cleveland 1, 3.

A seedling of Wild Goose grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, in 1883. Tree vigorous, spreading and productive; fruit large, oblong, slightly pointed at the ends, light mottled red; good; clingstone; very early.

=Clifford.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 184. 1901.

Mrs. Clifford 1, 3. _Mrs. Clifford_ 2.

A seedling of Wild Goose grown by Mrs. Clifford of Denison, Texas, and introduced by T. V. Munson and Son of the same place. Tree hardy, vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit large, pear-shaped, sometimes with a very distinct neck; suture shallow; bright scarlet with very small yellow dots; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, aromatic; good; clingstone; a little later than Wild Goose.

=Climax’s Brother.= Triflora × Simonii. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =59=:655. 1900.

One of Burbank’s numerous crosses, having the same parents as Climax. The tree is an upright grower like Simon and the fruit resembles this parent in form and size; not as highly colored as Climax; unknown as yet by plum-growers.

=Clinton.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 162. 1881. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:55, 86. 1892. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 26. 1897. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 172. 1901.

Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture a line; dull red; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; late. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society’s Catalog from 1897 to 1899.

=Cluck.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1895. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 38. 1899. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 194. 1901. =4.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:273. 1904.

Originated with George Cluck, Austin, Texas; introduced in 1896 by F. T. Ramsey. Tree vigorous, productive; blooms very late; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblong; cavity shallow; bright red with many small, yellow dots; skin tough; flesh yellow, soft; quality fair; stone medium, oval, turgid, clinging; mid-season.

=Cluster.= Domestica. Mentioned in Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1528. 1688.

=Cochet.= Domestica. =1.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 471. 1894. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900.

Cochets Pflaume 1. _Cochet Père_ 1.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, oval, yellow with reddish dots; suture medium; flesh yellowish, rich, sweet, pleasant; early.

=Coeur de Boeuf.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Div. of Pom. Bul._ =10=:19. 1901.

_Beef’s Heart_ 1. _Prunier de Carcassone._

Coeur de Boeuf originated in 1879 at Carcassonne, France, as a seedling of a variety introduced from the province of Lerida, Spain, in 1854. The following description was made from a tree under test on the grounds of this Station: Tree vigorous, hardy; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity medium in size and depth; stem slender; suture medium; dark brownish-red, covered with minute russet dots; bloom heavy; skin medium thick; flesh yellowish, meaty, juicy, sweet, rich; good to very good; stone small, oval, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Coe Violet.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 905. 1869. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 341. 1887. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 425. 1889.

_Coe à Fruit Violet_ 3. _Coe’s Golden Drop Violette_ 1, 3. Coe’s Violet 1, 3. _Coe’s Violette_ 2. _Coe Violette_ 3. _Goutte d’Or Violette_ 3.

A variation from Golden Drop. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; cavity small; stem long, thick; light reddish; dots brown, numerous; flesh yellowish, sweet, juicy; good; clingstone.

=Coferer.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629.

_Coferers_ 1.

Parkinson describes this plum as, “Flat like a Peare Plum, early ripe and black, of a very good relish.”

=Coinage.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Said by its originator, H. A. Terry, to be a seedling of Gold Coin. Fruit large, slightly oblong, pale yellow ground, nearly covered with dark red; flesh firm; clingstone.

=Coletta.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:60, 86. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 194. 1901. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:273. 1904.

This plum was grown by G. Onderdonk of Texas; introduced in 1874. Tree slow in growth, hardy, somewhat open and thorny; leaves small, foliage sparse; fruit medium in size, round, bright red; skin tough; flesh yellow, soft; poor; clingstone; very early.

=Coleus.= Triflora × Cerasifera? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:10. 1898.

Originated with J. S. Breece, North Carolina. Tree ornamental, vigorous; leaves large, reddish, conspicuously veined; fruit small, globular; suture faint; dull deep red; dots faint; skin thick and tough; flesh medium firm, red; flavor flat; quality very poor; stone small, flattened, clinging.

=Colman.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:264. 1900. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Collman 1.

H. A. Terry first fruited this variety in 1895. Tree upright, healthy, fairly productive; fruit large, round, brilliant red; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Colorado Queen.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 146. 1901. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

_Colorado_ 2.

Introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity lacking; suture a line; dull red with a light bloom; flesh light yellow; quality fair; stone of medium size; clinging; early.

=Combination.= Triflora ×? =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 1901.

Grown by Luther Burbank. Tree uniform in growth; fruit large, roundish; cavity deep; suture distinct; stem short; light crimson; flesh straw color, sweet with slight pineapple flavor; early.

=Comfort.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894, =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:265. 1900. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:29. 1903.

Introduced by J. Wragg & Sons, Waukon, Iowa, in 1879. Fruit small, roundish; cavity narrow, shallow; suture a line; apex rounded; red; dots numerous; bloom thin; skin thick, tough; flesh dark yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone semi-clinging; mid-season; mentioned in the Catalog of the American Pomological Society for 1899.

=Communia.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 87. 1890. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:265. 1900. =3.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =101=:117, 118, Pl. III fig. 119. 1901. =4.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 309. 1903.

Introduced from Denmark by a German colony located at Communia, Clayton County, Iowa. It resembles the Lombard so closely that they are often confused. The tree is said to be hardier and a slower grower than the Lombard, and its fruit of deeper blue and of higher quality. Subject to rot.

=Compass.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:10. 1898. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 294. 1903. =3.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:13. 1905.

Compass Cherry 1.

A hybrid widely known in the West which originated in 1891 under cultivation with H. Knudson of Springfield, Minnesota from a seed of _Prunus besseyi_ pollinated by Miner; introduced by C. W. Sampson, Eureka, Minnesota, in 1897. Tree vigorous, branches slender; fruit small, roundish-oval, slightly flattened; cavity distinct; suture a line; brownish-red, with light bloom; skin tough; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, tender, acid; quality fair; clingstone.

=Comptine.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 146. 1901.

Originated at Knoxville, Iowa. Tree low, spreading; fruit very small, round, light red; dots many, minute; flesh yellow; very poor; stone small, oval, clinging. One authority states that the color is yellow.

=Comte Gustave d’Egger.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 905. 1869. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

_Comte Gustave d’Egger_ 2. _Egger’sche Eier Zwetsche_ 2. Graf Gustav von Egger 2.

An Austrian variety grown by M. Liegel of Braunau from seed of Abricotée. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit small, oblong-oval; suture broad, deep, distinct; skin pale yellow, bronzed in the sun and tinged with violet; flesh yellowish, fine, sweet, juicy, delicious; freestone.

=Consul.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:30. 1903.

A seedling of Wolf grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Fruit roundish, large; cavity narrow, medium in depth; suture a line; deep red; dots moderately numerous, yellow, distinct; bloom light; skin thick, tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone semi-clinging; late.

=Cooch.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =21=:406. 1898.

A seedling grown by a Mr. Cooch of Ottawa, Canada, in 1889. Fruit large; halves unequal; suture distinct; cavity shallow; dark red; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, soft, sweet; good; late.

=Cook.= Cerasifera. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900.

_Cook’s Early_ 1.

Fruit medium, roundish to oblong, red; clingstone; early.

=Cook Choice.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:78. 1892. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 276. 1893. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =129=:34. 1896.

Cook 3. Cook’s Choice 1. _Cook’s Favorite_ 3. The Cook’s Choice 2.

This is an accidental seedling grown by H. A. Terry of Iowa in 1885. Tree vigorous; fruit medium, round, red; skin thin; flesh yellow; good; stone clinging; mid-season; a good culinary variety.

=Cooper.= Hortulana mineri × Munsoniana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 10. 1900.

A cross between Forest Garden and Pottawattamie. It is reported by J. W. Kerr as being “a large, slightly oblong, red, clingstone variety, ripening mid-season.”

=Cooper.= Domestica. =1.= McMahon _Am. Gard. Cal._ 587. 1806. =2.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 236. 1817. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:97. 1832. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 291. 1845. =5.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 288, 302, 383. 1846. =6.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:152. 1848. =7.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 417. 1854. =8.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 691. 1884. =9.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 357. 1895.

Cooper’s 6. Cooper’s Grosse Pflaume 9. _Cooper’s Grosse Rothe Zwetsche_ 9. Cooper’s Large 1, 4, 5, 8. _Cooper’s Large_ 3, 6, 9. _Cooper’s Large American_ 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9. Cooper’s Large Red 3. _Cooper’s Large Red_ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. _Cooper’s Large Red American_ 9. Coopers Plum 2. _Cooper’s Plum_ 3, 5. _Cooper’s Red_ 7. Grosse De Cooper 9. _Grosse rouge de Cooper_ 9. La Delicieuse 5. _La Delicieuse_ ?4, 8, 9. _Lady Lucy_ 8. _Red Magnum Bonum_ 6 incor. _Smith’s Orleans_ 6. _Violet Perdrigon_ 6 incor.

Cooper is said to have originated at the beginning of the Nineteenth Century from a seed of Orleans planted by Joseph Cooper of Gloucester County, New Jersey. The variety was imported into England about 1820 and became known in Europe under the name La Delicieuse which was corrupted into Lady Lucy. This variety is so similar to the Smith Orleans that it is impossible to separate them. They may be identical, or they may have come true to seed from the same parent.

=Cope.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._ 274. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 906. 1869.

Cope’s Seedling 1.

A seedling raised by John Cope of Southwark, Philadelphia, some time prior to 1850. Fruit large, long-oval, dark purple; stem long, slender; flesh dry, somewhat acid; good for cooking; freestone.

=Cornemuse.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

Fruit medium in size, purple, obovate; quality fair; freestone.

=Corymbus.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:222, 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 207. 1901.

_The Beauty_ 1.

A variety first called “The Beauty” by the originator, A. L. Bruce of Texas, who gives the parentage as Smelt Cherry × Abundance. Fruit small, heart-shaped; cavity shallow; suture shallow; apex pointed; dark wine-red; skin strong; flesh soft, yellow, rich, sweet; good; stone small, round, smooth, clinging.

=Cottrell.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:37. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 37. 1899. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 146. 1901. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:30. 1903.

Cottrell was raised as a seedling by R. T. Cottrell, Dover, Olmstead County, Minnesota, and was introduced by O. M. Lord of the same state in 1888. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; cavity narrow; apex rounded; skin thin, not adherent; mottled red over yellow; bloom medium; dots numerous, small; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone flattened, strongly and sharply margined, clinging; mid-season.

=Couler.= Americana? =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 235. 1882.

A variety from William Couler, Chickasaw County, Iowa; “a large plum of fair quality, but cracking badly before ripening; season just before Miner.”

=Coulommiers.= Domestica. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 91. 1861. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 426. 1889.

Coulommiers Pflaume 2. _Prune de Coulommiers_ 2.

Mentioned without a description.

=Coulon Reine Claude.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 426. 1889.

Coulon’s Reine Claude 1. _Reine Claude Coulon_ 1.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture distinct; yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, firm, sweet; good; early.

=Coul Orleans.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 150. 1831.

=Court Royal.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

=Cowperthwait Green Gage.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831.

=Cox.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 906. 1869.

Cox’s Seedling 1.

A seedling from a Mrs. Cox, York, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous and upright; fruit very large, roundish-oval, slightly compressed; suture broad, shallow; yellow, sometimes splashed with green; cavity narrow, deep; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; early.

=Crable.= Americana? =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 232. 1901.

A variety from Iowa. Fruit medium in size; obovate; cavity shallow; stem long, slender; suture a line; apex pointed; orange with crimson blush; dots many, minute, white; skin tough; flesh yellow; good; stone large, elliptical, slightly winged, clinging.

=Craig.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

_Prof. Craig_ 1.

A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Fruit large, bright yellow tinged with red; flesh yellow, rich; quality good; semi-clinging.

=Crescent.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 287. 1887. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 172. 1901.

Crescent City 1.

Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Miner about 1880; first fruited in 1885. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; dull red; dots many; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone large, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Crimson.= Nigra. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:266, 1900.

Introduced by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Fruit above medium, light red; skin thin; good; stone long, large, flattish; very early.

=Crimson Beauty.= Hortulana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:283. 1898.

Fruit of medium size, oblong, cherry red; clingstone; earlier and more vigorous than Golden Beauty.

=Crimson Drop.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =22=:765. 1901. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =61=:354. 1902.

Brown’s Crimson Drop 1, 2.

This variety is said to be a sport from Golden Drop, which it resembles closely except in color, which is a deep rich red.

=Croft Early.= Domestica. =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 425. 1854.

Croft’s Early 1.

Fruit small, reddish-blue; flesh yellow, dry; poor. Reported by Elliott as unworthy of further culture.

=Cruger Scarlet.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =1=:365. 1835. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 293. 1845. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 417. 1855. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 426. 1889.

_Cruger’s_ 2, 3. _Cruger’s Früh Pflaume_ 4. _Cruger’s Plum_ 4. Cruger’s Rote Pflaume 4. Cruger’s Scarlet 2, 3. _Cruger’s Scarlet_ 4. _Cruger’s Scarlet Gage_ 2, 3, 4. _Cruger’s Seedling_ 2, 3. Cruger’s Seedling 1, 4. _Kruger’s Seedling._

Raised by Henry Cruger, West Point, New York, from a seed of Washington. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, compressed; suture obscure; red in the sun, lilac on the shaded side; bloom light; dots numerous, yellow; cavity shallow; stem short, stout; flesh deep orange, dry, mild, agreeable; good; nearly free; mid-season. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society Catalog from 1875 to 1897.

=Csaszar Sziloa.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:209. 1898. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =30=:18. 1905.

Imported from Hungary. Fruit large, roundish-ovate, compressed, dark purple; flesh tender, juicy, greenish-yellow, mild, vinous; quality fair; clingstone.

=Culberson.= Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:223. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 208. 1901.

_Mammoth July_ 1, 2.

A cross between Miner and Crimson Beauty grown by A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Texas, and called Mammoth July, but renamed by Waugh in 1899. Fruit above medium, spherical or slightly pointed, dark red; dots numerous, yellow; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow; very good; stone small, round, flattened, clinging.

=Cumberland.= Hortulana. =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 50. 1885. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:48, 86, 1892. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 26. 1897. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 178. 1901.

Cumberland originated with Philip Schley, who in 1864 collected pits from trees growing on the Cumberland Mountains in Tennessee and from them grew this plum. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, oblong, bright yellow; dots conspicuous; skin thick; flesh firm, meaty; good; clingstone; season late; this variety is similar to Golden Beauty.

=Curlew.= Domestica. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:183. 1897. =2.= Rivers _Cat._ 35. 1898.

Originated by Thomas Rivers at Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree very productive, not hardy in this vicinity; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, purple; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; firm; early.

=Curry.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:266. 1900. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 295. 1903.

A seedling grown by S. L. Curry, Welden, Iowa. Fruit large, oval, compressed; cavity deep; dark purplish-red; surface rough, dull; dots small, gray; bloom heavy; skin thick, not astringent; flesh yellow, firm, slightly astringent; good; stone large, flat, winged; early.

=Cyca Mono.= Triflora. =1.= _Va. Sta. Bul._ =129=:112. 1901.

Imported by the United States Department of Agriculture.

=Cyclone.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1899. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Grown from seed of Harrison by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1897. Tree vigorous, spreading, fairly productive; fruit large, dark red; good; mid-season.

=Cydemarine.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

=Daisy.= Munsoniana × Triflora. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:223. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 208. 1901.

A variety grown by J. S. Breece, North Carolina. Fruit large, heart-shaped; suture indistinct; bright red, with many minute yellow dots; flesh firm, yellow, sprightly; good.

=Dahlgreen.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:35. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 147. 1901.

A variety introduced by Chas. Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit medium in size, oblong, mottled red; mid-season.

=Dakota.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900.

Fruit medium in size, round, mottled with dull purplish-red; clingstone; fruit cracks and is much injured by rot.

=Dalrymple.= Insititia. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 695. 1884. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 426. 1889. =3.= _Am. Gard._ =14=:146, 148 fig. 1892.

Dalrymple Damson 2.

Dalrymple closely resembles the Shropshire Damson but is hardier and the tree is smaller.

=Damas Ambre.= Domestica? Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

=Damaschino Estivo.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Damaschino d’Estate 1. Zuccherino 1.

According to Gallesio this is a strain of the Damaschino Settembrino and is common in parts of Italy. Flowers small and white, unfolding in clusters; fruit obovate like the Settembrino, but slightly larger and its skin, which is yellow, is more easily removed.

=Damaschino Settembrino.= Domestica. =1.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Susino Damaschino Settembrino 1.

An old Italian variety. Of the two plums which bear the name Damaschino this is the smaller and the more savory. Fruit small, obovate, golden-yellow; pulp fleshy and sugary.

=Damas de Diffenbach.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:165. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Damas de Dieffenbach_ 2. _Damas Noir de Dieffenbach_ 2. Dieffenbachs Damascene 2. _Dieffenbachs Schwarze Damascene_ 2. _Diffenbachs Damascene_ 1.

Liegel obtained this variety from a seed of the Saint Jean and dedicated it to Diffenbach, head gardener of the Botanical Garden in Vienna, Austria. Tree of medium vigor, small; fruit small, roundish-ovate; halves often unequal; suture shallow; purplish-black with a thick bloom; stem short; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet and slightly aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

=Damas de Provence.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:86. 1832. =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 258. 1832. =3.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1=:1846. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 357. 1866. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 939. 1869. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 443. 1889.

_Damas de Provence_ 5, 6. _Damas de Provence hâtif_ 1, 4, 5, 6. _Damask of Provence_ 2. _Early Damask of Provence_ 1, 5, 6. _Provence Damask_ 1, 6. Provence Damask 5. Provencer Königspflaume 6. Prune Damas de Provence 3. _Prunus provincialis_ 3.

Damas de Provence is an old European variety; fruit of medium size, roundish; suture deep; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish, sweet; quality poor; freestone; very early.

=Damas d’Ete.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:113. 1873. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 353. 1895.

_Summer Damson_ 1, 2.

Mas thought this variety was of English or American origin but there seems to be no reason for this conclusion. Tree small, very productive; fruit small, oval, purplish-black; flesh greenish, fine, juicy, sweet, highly flavored; clingstone; early.

=Damas Dronet.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:75. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:40, Tab. 191 fig. 2. 1796. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:86. 1832. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 910. 1869. =5.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 693. 1884.

_Damas Dronet_ 2, 4. _Damson Dronet_ 1. Die kleine langlichte Damaskuspflaume 1. Dronet Damask 3.

Damas Dronet is an old French variety. Fruit small, oval; suture a line; stem slender; cavity narrow, deep; greenish-yellow; bloom thin; skin not adherent; flesh greenish, firm, sweet; good; stone small, free; mid-season.

=Damas Dronet de Merlet.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:75. 1768.

Duhamel states that this is distinct from the Damas Dronet described by him on the same page.

=Damas Jaune Musque.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:57. 1873.

_Muskirte Gelbe Damascene_ 1.

A foreign variety first mentioned by Christ, a German writer. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, usually ovoid; suture shallow or a mere line; skin tender, not adherent, yellow, with a thin bloom; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, tender, firm, juicy, sweet, of musky flavor; freestone; very early.

=Damas Noir de Tours.= Domestica. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

Mentioned by Forsyth in the preceding reference. It may be the same as Précoce de Tours, but we have no proof.

=Damas Rouge de Biondeck.= Domestica. =1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 490. 1908.

Mentioned by a French writer as early and good.

=Damas Rouge Hatif.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 448. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 354. 1895.

_Damas Rouge Hâtif_ 1. _Haferkrieche_ 1, 2. Rote Früh Damascene 1. _Rothe Früh Damascene_ 2.

A variety of little merit.

=Damatie Rouge.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145. 1831.

=Damson Royal.= Insititia. =1.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 282. 1846.

Described in the preceding reference as similar to “Prune Damson,” but larger.

=Damas Violet.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:70. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:44, Tab. 199 fig. 1. 1796. =3.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68. 1699. =4.= Willich _Dom. Enc._ 180. 1803. =5.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843. =6.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1=:1846. =7.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 729. 1884.

_Damas Violet_ 2, 4, 7. Damas Violet Tardif ?5. Die veilchenfarbige Damascenerpflaume 2. Ladies’ Plum 4. _Long Violet Damask_ 3. Prune Gros-Damas Violet 6. Violet Damask 7.

An old variety of unknown origin concerning which there has been much confusion. Parkinson, in 1629, and a few later writers have made it synonymous to Queen Mother, but it differs from this variety in that Damas Violet has pubescent shoots and oval fruit, while the Queen Mother has glabrous shoots and round fruit. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, purple; flesh yellow, firm, sweet and briskly flavored, separates from the stone; season early.

=Damson Riley.= Insititia. =1.= Stark _Cat._ 29. 1910.

A variety from Ohio said to have been grown for about twenty years. Introduced by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri, in 1910.

=Dana Yellow Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 275. 1845. =2.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book._ 215. 1849. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:109. 1873.

Dana’s Gage 2. _Dana’s Yellow Gage_ 3. Reine-Claude Jaune De Dana 3.

Dana Yellow Gage was raised by a Rev. Mr. Dana of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Fruit of medium size, oval, pale yellow; bloom thin; flesh sweet, juicy, clingstone; mid-season.

=Daniel Weeping.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:10. 1898.

A hybrid which originated with a Dr. Daniel in Louisiana; introduced by J. L. Normand. Tree bushy, spreading and drooping; leaves thick and tough, ovate, acutely pointed, glandular.

=Danish Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 25. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:266. 1900. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 310. 1903. =4.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:15 1905.

Kreger 1. _Kreger_ 2. _Krueger_ 3.

H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota, imported this variety in the spring of 1884 and introduced it a few years later. It seems to be grown only in Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota and adjoining states, being practically unknown in the East. Fruit small, roundish, dark blue; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Darst.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =11=:112. 1845.

A seedling originated at Dayton, Ohio, in the garden of a Mr. Darst. Fruit medium in size, of excellent quality.

=Date.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 575, 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =3.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 69. 1699. =4.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:113. 1768. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 908. 1869. =6.= Koch _Deut. Obst._ 560. 1876.

Date Plum 5. Dattelpflaumen 6. _Dattelzwetsche_ 5. _D’Autriche_ 5. Great Date 3. _Ienua_ 1. Prune Datte 4. _Prune Datte_ 5. _Prune d’Autriche_ 5. _Quetsche Datte_ 5. _Quetsche de Hongrie_ 5. White Date 2. White Date Plum 1. Yellow Date 2.

During the four centuries in which this variety has been cultivated in Europe numerous strains have arisen which have been designated by the general term Dattelpflaumen. The group is characterized by roundish or oval fruits, yellow or greenish in color, sometimes marked with red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, soft; poor in quality; clingstone; mid-season or later. The original variety is probably obsolete.

=Datilles.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 70. 1699.

Little Date 1. _Little Date_ 1.

A long-shaped red plum, mentioned by Quintinye, which has either disappeared or is now grown under a different name.

=Datte Hongroise Jaune.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 159, 354. 1895.

This variety was sent into France by M. Bereczki Mate, of Hungary. The tree is vigorous, productive; fruit large, long, greenish-yellow dotted with red; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; good; mid-season.

=Dauphine.= Domestica. =1.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1=:1846.

Prune Dauphine 1.

Poiteau says, “Duhamel regarded as synonyms the names Reine Claude and Dauphine. Since then a new plum has been shown, and I know not who named it Dauphine; but it is under this name that it has been introduced and cultivated in the nursery of the Jardin des Plantes and of Luxembourg.”

=Davenport.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:268. 1900. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 295. 1903.

A seedling grown by N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa, from seed of De Soto. Fruit medium in size, oval, sometimes conical; suture a line; skin smooth, clear yellow with pink blush on the sunny side; flesh yellow, firm, sugary; very good; freestone.

=Davies Seedling.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

Davies’ Seedling.

=Davis.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:35. 1897. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

A variety grown from seed of Wild Goose in 1885 by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Tree low, spreading, vigorous and productive; fruit large, bright red; quality fair.

=Dawson.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =17=:144. 1875.

At one time a profitable variety grown on the banks of the Ohio.

=Dawson City.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size.

=Dean.= Domestica. =1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:530. 1855.

Dean’s Jedburgh Seedling 1.

A seedling grown at Dean’s nursery, Jedburgh, England. Fruit of medium size, round, purple; freestone; adapted for dessert or kitchen; mid-season.

=Deaton.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:268. 1900. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 310. 1903.

_Tobe’s Gage_ 2.

Grown from a sprout of Reine Claude planted near Des Moines; introduced by J. Wragg & Sons, Waukee, Iowa. Fruit medium in size, oval, truncate; suture broad and shallow; skin greenish-yellow; dots small, numerous; bloom thin; flesh greenish, firm, juicy; good; clingstone.

=Deck.= Insititia. =1.= Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1908-09.

Decks Damson 1.

An improved strain of Damson introduced by Wild Brothers, Sarcoxie, Missouri.

=Decker.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 401. 1896. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 172. 1901.

Decker’s Late Seedling 1. _Decker’s Seedling_ 2.

A seedling raised about 1885 by H. C. Decker of Dresbach, Minnesota, from pits of a variety substituted for German Prune; introduced by W. S. Widmoyer of the same place about 1897. Fruit medium to large, conical; suture distinct; red; dots many, yellowish; flesh yellow; flavor rich; nearly free; mid-season.

=Deep Creek.= Americana. =1.= _Mich. Board Agr. Rpt._ 111. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:37, 86. 1892. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

Deepcreek 3.

Found growing wild in Kansas; introduced by Abner Allen. Tree slow and irregular in growth; branches thorny; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, compressed; suture distinct; cavity small; stem short; dull red; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; good; stone rough, pointed, free; mid-season; of little value.

=De Delice.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 360. 1857. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:55. 1900.

_Prune de Délices_ 2.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture small; green, marbled and shaded with violet; bloom thin; flesh orange yellow, juicy, sugary, luscious; slightly clinging; late.

=Defresne.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 158, 354. 1895.

A Belgian variety both vigorous and productive; fruit large, long, purplish; flesh greenish; good; mid-season.

=De Gondin.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:91. 1873.

Grown by M. Vaubernier of Laval, Mayenne, and introduced in 1862 by M. M. Bruant & Company, nurserymen at Poiters, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit very large, roundish; suture disappearing at maturity; dark purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, tender, juicy; freestone.

=De la Toussaint.= Species? =1.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 354. 1895.

A very late and long keeping variety.

=Delaware.= Triflora. =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 18. 1893. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =59=:642. 1900. =3.= _Ibid._ =60=:694. 1901. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 134. 1901.

Burbank produced this variety by crossing Satsuma with Kelsey; first offered for sale in 1893; disseminated in the East by J. L. Childs, Floral Park, New York. Tree semi-dwarf, productive but comes into bearing late; fruit of medium size, roundish-conical, dark purple, with thick bloom; flesh red, juicy, sweet and rich; good; stone clinging; mid-season.

=De l’Inde.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =6=:561. 1851.

Described by Baptiste Desportes of Angers, France, in 1851. Tree vigorous; branches long, upright; fruit large, obovate, violet-reddish; dots gray and blue; flesh reddish-yellow, firm, juicy, melting; quality fair.

=De Montfort.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort_. =12=:341. 1846. =2.= _Pom. France_ =2=: No. 3. 1871. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 713. 1884. =4.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 470. 1894.

_Montfort Pflaume_ 4. Prune de Montfort 2.

Originated in the nurseries of Madame Ebert, Montfortin, France; named and introduced by M. Prevost, Rouen, France. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture distinct; cavity shallow; dark purple, with russet dots; flesh green, juicy, sweet, rich; good; freestone; mid-season. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society’s Catalog from 1877-1897.

=De Montmirail.= Domestica? =1.= _Guide Prat._ 158, 354. 1895.

Tree of moderate vigor, productive; fruit medium in size, long-oval; yellow lightly blushed with red; flesh yellow; good; early.

=Denbigh.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 357. 1866. =3.= Gaucher _Pom. Prak. Obst._ No. 92. 1894. =4.= Bartrum _Pears and Plums_, 65, 71. 1903.

_Cox’s Emperor_ 2, 3. Cox’s Emperor 4. _Denbigk_ 3. _Denbigh-Pflaume_ 3. _Denbigh Seedling_ 4. Emperor 1. _Jemmy Moore_ 4.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-oval, bright red to reddish-brown; flesh golden-yellow, sweet, melting, pleasant flavor; freestone; mid-season.

=Dennis.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 276. 1893. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 147. 1901.

Dr. Dennis 1, 2. _Dr. Dennis_ 3.

Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, supposedly from seed of Hawkeye; first fruited in 1891. Fruit round to slightly oblong, medium in size; suture a line; bright red; dots many, minute, white; flesh yellow; good; clingstone; early.

=Dennis Seedling No. 13.= Hortulana mineri.

Grown at the Iowa Experiment Station. The fruit is of medium size, roundish, dark red; dots conspicuous; suture a line; skin thick, tough; flesh firm, juicy, tender, sweetish; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Denniston Red.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 296. 1845. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:532. 1847. =3.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 337. 1849. =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:133. 1866-73. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

Denniston’s Red 1. _Denniston’s Red_ 5. _Dennison’s Red_ 5. Denniston’s Rote Pflaume 5. _Rouge de Denniston_ 4, 5.

Grown by Isaac Denniston of Albany, New York. The parentage is not known but Thomas thinks it is a seedling of Lombard. Fruit large, roundish-oval; suture distinct; cavity small; light red with yellow dots; bloom thin; flesh amber, juicy, rich, sprightly; good; stone small, oval, compressed, free; mid-season.

=Denniston Superb.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 275. 1845. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:121. 1866-73. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889. =4.= Bartrum _Pears and Plums_ 63. 1903.

_Dennison’s Superb_ 3. _Denniston’s Superb_ 2. Denniston’s Superb Gage 4. _Madison_ 3. Superbe de Denniston 2, 3.

Grown by Isaac Denniston, Albany, New York, about 1835 or 1840. Fruit round, larger than Reine Claude of which it is probably a seedling, slightly flattened; suture distinct; cavity shallow; stem of medium length; pale yellow, blotched with red; bloom thin; flesh thick, meaty, moderately juicy, with a rich, vinous flavor; very good; stone small, roundish, thick, free; mid-season; catalogued by the American Pomological Society from 1877 to 1899.

=D’Ente Imperiale.= Domestica. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 355. 1895.

A variety closely resembling the Agen except that it is more vigorous in tree growth.

=Denton.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =13=:279. 1871.

A variety introduced many years ago by J. W. Kerr; it closely resembles Yellow Transparent, but is a much smaller tree.

=Derbyshire Green Gage.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831.

=Deron.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

Deron’s.

=De Seigneur.= Species? =1.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 355. 1895.

_De Prince_ (_en Lorraine_) 1.

Tree productive; fruit small, roundish, bluish; bloom heavy; flesh green, fine-grained, juicy, sweet; good; late.

=Des Moines.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 147. 1901.

Originated in Iowa. Fruit small, round-oval; suture a line; dull red over yellow; dots many, minute; flesh yellow; quality poor; stone small, semi-free; mid-season.

=Dewey.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 136. 1903.

Admiral Dewey 1, 2.

A seedling of De Soto grown by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa. Fruit large, round, dark red on an orange ground; clingstone; tree productive.

=Diademe Imperial-Isabelle.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

=Diamond.= Americana. =1.= _Neb. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 121. 1890.

A seedling grown by John A. Hogg, Shelton, Nebraska, about 1880 from pits of a wild plum found in Buffalo County, Nebraska. According to Mr. Hogg, the variety “grows fully as large as most of the tame varieties; ripens the last of September and when fully ripe gets bright red on one side.”

=Diana.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:35. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:268. 1900.

A plum of the Van Buren type grown from a seed of Hawkeye by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1893. Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit truncate, conical or oval; suture distinct; cavity small, shallow; stem short, stout; yellow, washed and spotted with purple-red; dots indistinct; bloom thin; skin thick and tough; flesh yellow, meaty, sweet and rich; good; stone large, flat, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Diapree Blanche.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 95, Pl. XXIV fig. IV. 1729. =3.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:104, Pl. XX fig. 11. 1768. =4.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:44, Tab. 198 fig. 2. 1796. =5.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:500. 1860. =6.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 405. 1881.

_Diaper’d Plumb_ 2. _Diaprée Blanche_ 4. Diaprée Weisse 6. Die Weisse Buntfarbige Pflaume 4. Prune Diaprée Blanche 5. White Diapred 1. Yellow Diaprée 2.

This plum has been mentioned by European writers for three centuries. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture a line; cavity nearly lacking; skin tough; yellow; bloom thin; flesh firm, yellow, sweet, rich; quality good; mid-season.

=Diapree Nouvelle De Kook.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:155. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 438. 1889.

_Kook’s Gelbe Diaprée_ 2. _Kooks Neue Diapre_ 1. Kook’s Neue Diaprée 2.

This plum originated as a second generation seedling with a Mr. Kook of New Brauenfels, Texas, and was named by Liegel to whom he submitted the variety. The fruit is small, oval; cavity small; skin clear yellow; flesh yellow, tender, aromatic; quality good; stone free; season early.

=Dictator.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:92. 1840. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 403. 1857. =3.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 55. 1878.

Corse’s Dictator 3.

A seedling raised by Henry Corse of Montreal about 1834. Tree hardy, vigorous; fruit large, brownish-purple; flesh juicy, rich; good; stone small.

=Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene.= Insititia? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Ak Erik_ 1. _Al Erik_ 1. _Dschau Erik_ 1. _Frühe Weisse Aprikosenpflaume_ 1. _Gros-Damas Blanc._

Mentioned without description in the preceding reference.

=Dine.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

Fruit large, white; dots numerous; late.

=Dittisham.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

Mentioned as cultivated in the London Horticultural Society Gardens.

=Dixie.= Triflora. =1.= _Horticultural Gleaner_ 1899.

Grown about 1894 in the vicinity of Whitesville, Georgia, from seed of Burbank, open to cross pollination. Fruit the size of Burbank, bright red; flesh juicy; good; late.

=Dixie.= Triflora. =1.= Hood _Cat._ 1906.

An early Triflora variety.

=Dochnahl Damascene.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 444. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Dochnahl’s Königs Pflaume_ 2.

As tested in Germany, very unproductive.

=Dojene.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:57. 1771.

Origin unknown. Tree productive; fruit large, oval; yellow; flesh watery; poor; stone clinging.

=Dollaner.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 445. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

Dollaner Zwetsche 2. _Quetsche de Dollan_ 2.

A variety imported from France by the United States Department of Agriculture. Reported by Oberdieck as “a prune which has borne little fruit since 1856.”

=Domina.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Domino_ 1.

Reference found by Mathieu in _Monatsschrift für Pomologie_ 7. 1858.

=Domine Dull.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 296. 1845. =3.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 302, 383. 1846.

Domine Dull’s 1. Domine Dull’s Plum 3. _Dutch Prune_ 2. _Dutch Quetszen_ 2, 3. _German Prune_ 2, 3.

Mr. Dull, a Dutch domine, brought a prune seed from Holland and planted it in Kingston, New York. From this seed sprang the Domine Dull, a variety often confused with the German Prune. Fruit of medium size, long-oval; suture slight; stem long; cavity small; dark purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, rich, sweet; good; clingstone; late. Mentioned in the Catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1867.

=Don.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:30. 1903.

A seedling of Wolf raised at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Fruit large, roundish; suture a line; uniformly bright red; dots numerous, small, distinct; bloom moderate; flesh deep yellow, juicy; sweet, rich; good; stone of medium size, oval, clinging; late.

=Don Alteza.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

According to Parkinson “a very good sort.”

=Don Carlos.= Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

Don Carlos’.

=Dora.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:270. 1901.

A seedling from A. L. Bruce, Texas, said to be a cross between Abundance and Wild Goose. Fruit medium to large, cordate; suture faint; skin tender, bright red; dots minute; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, rich; good; stone small, oval, clinging.

=Doree.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:145. 1866-73.

D’Agen Dorée 1.

Found by Léo d’Ounous in an orchard planted by his father in Ariége, France; published for the first time by Mas in _Le Verger_. Tree vigorous; fruit medium, ovoid; suture shallow; skin tender, not adherent, golden-yellow tinged with rose-violet; stem slender, rather short; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, fine, juicy, very agreeably aromatic.

=Dorell.= Domestica. =1.= Downing Fr. _Trees Am._ 393. 1857. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =8=:35, Pl. 1860. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 374. 1866. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:27. 1873. =5.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 409. 1881. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889. =7.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 473. 1894.

_Dorrel_ 2. _Dorells Grosse Zwetsche_ 4. _Dorelle’s Neue Grosse Zwetsche_ 3, 6. Dorell’s Neue Purpurzwetsche 5. _Dorelle’s New Purple Prune_ 6. _Dorells Neue Grosse Zwetsche_ 4, 6. Dorells grosse neue Zwetsche 7. Grosse Quetsche De Dorell 4. _Grosse Quetsche Nouvelle_ 6. Nouvelle de Dorelle 3. _Nouvelle De Dorrel_ 6. _Nouveau De Dorrelle_ 6. Prune Grosse Quetsche Nouvelle 2. _Prune nouvelle de Dorrel_ 2. _Quetsche De Dorelle_ 6. Quetsche De Dorelle Nouvelle Grand 1. _Quetsche Grosse Nouvelle De Dorrel_ 6. _Quetsche De Dorelle Nouvelle Grande_ 6.

A seedling raised by Dr. Dorell, of Kuttenberg, Bohemia. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval; suture wide but shallow; cavity small; stem smooth, reddish; skin reddish-violet, marked with numerous russet dots; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet, aromatic, agreeable; good for drying; late mid-season.

=Dorell Aprikosenpflaume.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Abricotée Nouvelle de Dörell._ _Dorell’s Neue Aprikosen Pflaume._ _Mirabelle de Doerell._

=Doris.= Species? =1.= Watkins & Bros. _Cat._ 20. 1897-8. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:271. 1901. =3.= _Mass. Sta. An. Rpt._ =17=:161. 1905.

A variety of doubtful parentage from Burbank; introduced by Stark Brothers in 1895. Fruit small, roundish-oblate; suture faint; light red; dots numerous; flesh yellow, watery; quality poor.

=Dorr.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =8=:346. 1851. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 909. 1869.

Dorr’s Favorite 1, 2.

A Reine Claude seedling grown by either Isaac Denniston or Elisha Dorr, both of Albany, New York. Fruit large, oval; suture broad; cavity small; apex sunken; yellow with red dots; bloom thin; flesh yellow, coarse, juicy; good; clingstone; late.

=Dorr Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

_Semis de Dorr_ 1.

This may be identical with Dorr.

=Dorsett.= Munsoniana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A chance seedling from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; introduced by F. W. Meneray of Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, yellow blotched with red; skin thin; good; clingstone; early.

=Dosch.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 150. 1895. =2.= _Oregon Sta. Bul._ =40=:73. 1896. =3.= _Ibid._ =45=:30. 1897. 4. Washington _Cat._ 22. 1906. =5.= _Chico Nur. Co. Cat._ 25. 1909. =6.= _Oregon Cat._ 35. 1906.

The Dosch 2.

The Dosch prune grew on the farm of Henry E. Dosch, Hillsdale, Oregon, from a sprout below the union on a Washington plum tree grafted on plum roots. Tree vigorous, round-topped, prolific, similar to Italian; fruit large, roundish-oval; apex flattened, base acute; suture shallow; stem medium; skin firm; dark purple; flesh greenish, firm, sweet; good; freestone.

=Double.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:60. 1771.

_Prune de Double_ 1.

Double differs from Paisin Blanche in that it is a little larger, less yellow in color, and poorer in flavor.

=Double Plum.= Domestica. 1. _Can. Hort._ =16=:193 fig. 541. 1893.

A novelty growing in the gardens of Chernigow, Russia, in which the fruit consists of two plums joined together, but easily separated at maturity; fruit bluish-red, sometimes yellow; flesh orange colored, sweet, juicy; quality fair; two stones, clinging.

=Dougall Best.= Domestica. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =43=:779. 1884.

Dougall’s Best 1.

A chance seedling raised by James Dougall of Windsor, Canada. Tree productive; fruit oblong, tapering to the stalk; suture distinct; clear yellow, touched with carmine toward the sun; good; stone partially free.

=Douglass.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Harrison; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, oblong, yellow blushed with red; flesh yellow, sweet, rich, firm; semi-clinging.

=Dove Bank.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 358. 1866. =2.= _Garden_ =53=:265. 1898.

_Caledonian_ 2 incor.

Hogg could see no difference between this variety and the Goliath, but H. A. Pearson in the _Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society_, for 1897, says that they are distinct. Pearson adds, further; “The true variety was grown and distributed by Spencer, of Ilkeston, ... and is said to have been found growing on the banks of the Derbyshire Dove; it differs from Caledonian (Goliath) in growth, and whereas the leaf glands of that variety are well developed and red in color, Dove Bank has small ill-developed glands of a pale color; with regard to the fruit there is no comparison between the two. Caledonian is a somewhat coarse cooking plum. Dove Bank is a splendid cooking plum, and good enough for dessert.”

=Downing Early.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 910. 1869.

Downing’s Early 1.

Originated at Newburgh, New York. Tree moderately vigorous; branches short-jointed; fruit medium, oval, yellow with slight blush, and crimson dots; flesh yellow, sweet, slightly adherent to the stone; good; mid-season.

=Downton Imperatrice.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 259. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 274. 1845. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 358. 1866. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

_Downton Impératrice_ 4. Downton’s Kaiserin 4. _Downtoner Kaiserin_ 4.

Grown by the famous horticulturist, Thomas A. Knight, from pits produced by pollinating Yellow Egg with Blue Imperatrice. Fruit medium, oval; suture slightly marked; skin thin, tender, pale yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, melting, agreeably subacid; good for preserving; stone clinging; late.

=Drake Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =24=:406. 1901.

Drake’s Seedling 1.

A seedling raised in the orchard of George Drake, Clarksburg, Ontario. Skin yellow, dull red on the sunny side; flesh yellow; a good cooking plum.

=Drouth King.= Munsoniana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 194. 1901.

Of unknown origin. Fruit small, oval, bright red; dots many, conspicuous; flesh yellow; good; stone of medium size, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Dr. Uff.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:51. 1895. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:14. 1904.

Imported by the United States Department of Agriculture from Hungary. Fruit medium to large, roundish-ovate, dark purple; bloom light; flesh medium firm, juicy, yellow; good; clingstone; early.

=Dr. Uff Szilvaja.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:209. 1898.

Imported from Hungary as Dr. Uff but it differs markedly from this variety. Fruit small to medium, roundish-oblong; skin greenish-yellow with a faint red tinge; stem one-half inch long; flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, rich; good; freestone.

=Dry Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Chron._ =29=:898. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 698. 1884. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d. Ser. =3=:51. 1900. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

Dry’s Seedling 1, 2. _Semis de Dry_ 2.

A seedling raised by a Mr. Dry, at Hayes, Middlesex, England; awarded a first class certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society in 1869. Fruit large, roundish-oval; suture slight; reddish-purple; bloom thin; flesh dull greenish-yellow, firm yet juicy; freestone; early.

=Duke.= Munsoniana ×? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:271. 1901.

A supposed cross between Pottawattamie and the Duke Cherry, originating with Theodore Williams, Nebraska. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit larger than Wild Goose, of nearly the same form; cavity narrow, deep; suture a line; bright red; flesh yellow, firm, mild subacid; clingstone; mid-season. Waugh states that this variety resembles a Wild Goose crossed with an Americana and that he is unable to detect any cherry characters.

=Duke of Devonshire.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

=Duke of Edinburgh.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ =21=:216. 1869. =2.= _Flor. & Pom._ =7=:193. 1871. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 698. 1884. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889. _Duc d’Edinbourg_ 4.

A variety raised by a Mr. Dry, Hayes, Middlesex, England. Fruit large, roundish-obovate; suture shallow; skin thin, light purple; flesh reddish-yellow, juicy, richly flavored; freestone; good culinary plum.

=Dumberline.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831.

A variety under test in the London Horticultural Society Gardens in 1831.

=Dummer.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 698. 1884.

Raised in 1837 by a Mr. Dummer at Canterbury, England. Fruit large, red; like Red Magnum Bonum.

=Dumiron.= Domestica. =1.= _Cal. Nurs. Co. Cat._ 11. 1897.

Imported from Transon Bros., Orleans, France, by the late John Rock of California; not introduced.

=Dunkelblaue Kaiserin.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

_Violette Kaiserin_ incor.

=Dunlap.= Hortulana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:36. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 185. 1901.

Dunlap No. 2 3. Dunlap’s No. 2 2.

Originated and introduced by J. P. Dunlap of Nebraska. Fruit large, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; surface smooth, glossy, bright red; dots many; bloom thin; flesh yellow, soft, juicy, sweet, rich; good; clingstone; mid-season; reported in the catalog of the American Pomological Society for 1899.

=Dunlap No. 1.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:36. 1897. =2.= _Ibid._ =87=:13. 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 148. 1901.

Dunlap 2. Dunlap (No. 1) 3. Dunlap’s No. 1 1.

Another variety produced by J. P. Dunlap of Nebraska. Fruit medium in size, oblong; suture a line; greenish-yellow covered with dull purplish-red; bloom heavy; flesh tender, juicy, rich, sweet; freestone.

=Dunlop Nut.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 305. 1893.

A hardy variety tested at the Experimental Farm at Ottawa.

=Dunmore.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 380. 1857. =3.= Hogg _Fr. Man._ 359. 1866. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

_Dunmore_ 4.

Fruit medium in size, oval; skin thick, greenish-yellow becoming golden; stem half an inch long; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; late.

=Durazen Zwetsche.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

Reference taken by Mathieu from the _Pomologische Monatshefte_ 2. 1882.

=Eagle.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1902-3. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

Originated in Texas; tree low, spreading; fruit of medium size, round; suture slight; skin light red; flesh yellow; good; stone clinging; early.

=Early.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887.

_Skorospielka_ 1.

From Russia.

=Early Amber.= Domestica. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803. =2.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 297. 1846.

Fruit small, roundish-oblong, pale greenish-yellow with crimson specks; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; stone clinging; early.

=Early Apricot.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:70. 1832. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:21. 1873. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Abricotée Hâtive_ 1, 3. Abricotée Hâtive 2. _Abricote Hâtif_ 1. _Abricotée Précoce_ 3. Early Apricot Plum 1. _Frühe Aprikosenpflaume_ 2. Frühe Aprikosenpflaume 3. _Oberdiecks Frühe Aprikosenpflaume_ 2, 3.

The fruit of Early Apricot is small, roundish; suture shallow; cavity distinct; pale red, darker in the sun; dots small, numerous; flesh yellowish-green, slightly juicy, firm; quality fair; clingstone; season early.

=Early Blue.= Domestica. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Growers Assoc._ 87. 1896. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 52. 1897.

A Domestica of American origin. Fruit the size of Lombard; very early.

=Early Blue.= Domestica. =1.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =2.= 1807. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 899. 1869. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:13. 1873. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 698. 1884.

Azure Hâtive 3. _Azure Hâtive_ 2, 4. _Black Perdrigon_ 2, 4. _Blue Gage_ 3, 4. Blue Gage 1, 2. _Cooper’s Blue Gage_ 2, 4. _Early Blue_ 3. _Little Blue Gage_ 2.

An old European variety; rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1858. Fruit of medium size, roundish, dark purple; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; flavor brisk and rich; freestone; early.

=Early Cherry.= Cerasifera ×? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 21. 1897.

From California; fruit small, round, red; clingstone; early.

=Early Cluster.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 355. 1895.

Mentioned in the preceding references.

=Early Cross.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 380. 1857.

Originated with a Mr. Cross, Salem, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit below medium, roundish, reddish-purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; clingstone; early.

=Early Favorite.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 314. 1845. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 419. 1854. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 395. 1857. =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:11. 1866-73. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 447. 1889. =6.= _Guide Prat._ 152, 356. 1895. =7.= _Rev. Hort._ 548, Pl. 1909.

_Early Favorite_ 4, 5, 6. _Early Favourite_ 6. Early Favourite 4. _Favorite Hâtive_ 7. _Favorite Précoce_ 4, 5, 7. Favorite Précoce 6. _Favorite Précoce de Rivers_ 5, 6. _Précoce de Rivers_ 5. Prune Early Favorite 7. _Rivers Early_ 5, 6. _Rivers Early Favorite_ 5. _River’s Early Favourite_ 5, 6. River’s Early Favourite 3. River’s Early No. 1 1. _River’s Early No. 1_ 2. Rivers Früh Pflaume 5. _Rivers Frühpflaume_ 6. _River’s No. 1_ 3, 5.

A seedling of Précoce de Tours raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, about 1834. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, roundish-oval; suture shallow; bluish-black; dots russet; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; very early. Mentioned in the catalog of the American Pomological Society from 1852 to 1891.

=Early Genesee.= Domestica. =1.= _Gen. Farmer_ =9=:232. 1848.

Originated in Brighton, Monroe County, New York. Fruit of medium size, long-ovate, golden-yellow; very early.

=Early Golden Drop.= Domestica. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 352. 1891. =2.= _Cal. Nur. Cat._ 1898.

Early Golden 2.

“Small, bright yellow, sugary and rich; pit free; ripens early.”

=Early Honey.= Angustifolia varians. 1. _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. 2. Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195. 1901.

From Grayson County, Texas.

=Early Mirabelle.= Insititia. =1.= _Hogg Fruit Man._ 360, 376. 1866. =2.= _Mas Le Verger_ =6=:1. 1866-73. =3.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 410. 1881. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 152, 360. 1895.

Frühe von Bergthold 3. _Mirabelle Précoce_ 1. Mirabelle Précoce 4, 5. Précoce de Bergthold 1, 2. _Mirabelle de Berthold_ 4. _Précoce de Bergthold_ 4.

Thought to be of English origin; first noted by Hogg. Resembles the Mirabelle very closely, with which it is confused. Tree medium in vigor, very productive; shoots downy; fruit small, nearly round; suture indistinct; skin pale yellow, specked with red on the sunny side; flesh yellowish, sweet, juicy, agreeably aromatic; freestone; early.

=Early Minnesota.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:36. 1897. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:17. 1905.

Found wild by Joseph Wood of Windom, Minnesota. Tree low, spreading, hardy, very productive; fruit small, round, yellowish-red; flesh sweet, juicy; stone free; very early.

=Early Normandy.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =30=:256. 1875. =2.= _Le Bon Jard._ 340. 1882.

_Normande précoce_ 2.

Noted in the Horticulturist as originating in France. Tree vigorous; fruit as large as a Reine Claude, purple on the sunny side, light flesh-colored on the shady side; bloom light; flesh greenish, fine and melting, juicy, sweet; good; early.

=Early Pale.= Species? Letter from Burbank.

Originated with Luther Burbank and sold to Judge S. F. Lieb in 1897.

=Early Pear.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 577 fig. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 209. 1676.

_Prunum Pyrinum praecox_ 1.

An early strain of White Pear.

=Early Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 151. 1831. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:65. 1832. =3.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ 1. 1846. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 375. 1866. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 936. 1869. =6.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:147. 1866-73. =7.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889. =8.= _Guide Prat._ 153, 361. 1895.

Früher Perdrigon 7. Früher Violetter Perdrigon 7. _Moyeu de Bourgogne_ ?7, 8. Perdrigon hâtif 1. _Perdrigon hâtif_ 2, 7, 8. _Perdrigon hâtive_ 2. Perdrigon Violet Hâtif 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Prune Perdrigon hâtif 3. _Prunus Calvellana_ 3.

There are two plums known under this name. Both are small, oval, purplish and are covered with a thick bloom. One, however, which seems to have been earliest known, is sweet, rich and of very good quality, ripening about the middle of August. The second variety was named by Calvel. It is vastly inferior in quality to the first and ripens in July. Neither variety is well known in America.

=Early Red.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 160, 162. 1881. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =80=:62. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195. 1901.

Grown by G. Onderdonk of Mission Valley, Victoria County, Texas; introduced by the originator in 1879. Fruit small, roundish; cavity large; suture lacking; red; dots few, white; skin thin; flesh soft, yellow, sprightly; quality fair; clingstone; early.

=Early Red.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ =43=:33. 1903. =4.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 310. 1903.

Early Red Russian 3. _Early Red Russian No. 3_ 3. _Krasnaya Skorospielkaya_ 1. _Mixed Arab_ 2, 3. _No. 3_ 2.

Early Red was imported by J. L. Budd from Dr. Regel, St. Petersburg, Russia, in the winter of 1881-82. The following season it was disseminated with a mixed lot of varieties, all of which became badly confused. Fruit large, oval; cavity small; suture shallow; dark red; bloom thick; dots white; flesh firm, meaty; quality fair; clingstone; early.

=Early Royal of Nikita.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 380. 1857. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:25 fig. 13. 1873. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429, 430, 441, 449. 1889.

_Early Royal of Nikita_ 3. _Frühe Königspflaume Pflaume von Nikita_ 3. _Frühe Nikitaer Königspflaume_ 3. _Nikitaner Frühe Königspflaume_ 2. Nikitaer Frühe Königspflaume 3. _Nikita’s Frühe Königs Pflaume_ 3. _Royale Hâtive de Nikita_ 3. _Royal Hâtive de Nikita_ 3. Royale Hâtive de Nikita 2.

According to Mas this variety originated in Nikita, Crimea. Fruit small, roundish, reddish-purple; bloom thick; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy; good; semi-clinging; early.

=Early St. John.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 912. 1869.

_Prune de St. Jean_ 1. _St. Jean_ 1. _St. John_ 1.

Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, roundish-oblong, reddish-purple; flesh green, sweet, sprightly; freestone; mid-season.

=Early Transparent Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =17=:286. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 722. 1884. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 153, 364. 1895. =4.= Rivers _Cat._ 34. 1898. =5.= Bartrum _Pears and Plums_ 63. 1902.

_Early Apricot_ 3. Early Transparent 4. _Early Transparent Gage_ 2, 3. New Transparent Gage 1. _Reine-Claude Diaphane Hâtive_ 3. Rivers’ Early Apricot 2. Rivers’ Early Transparent Gage 5.

This seedling of Transparent Gage was raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, in 1866. Tree hardy, productive, compact; branchlets pubescent; fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture shallow; stem slender; yellowish-green, mottled with crimson; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy; quality high; freestone; early.

=Early Yellow Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ App. =2=:156. 1876.

Originated with Asahel Foote, Williamstown, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture shallow; cavity small; stem slender; pale yellow; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, rather coarse, juicy, sweet; semi-clinging; early.

=Early Yellow Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =8=:536. 1853. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1854.

Originated in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous, prolific; fruit medium, oval; skin yellow; very good; stone free.

=Eason.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629.

Described by Parkinson as “small, red and well tasted.”

=Eberly.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1905.

Eberly’s Plum 1.

A seedling brought to notice by W. V. Eberly of the California Nursery Company. Fruit large, oval; cavity small; yellow, occasionally slightly russeted; dots numerous, silvery; flesh yellowish, translucent; sweet, rich; good; stone long, flat, free; late.

=Ebon.= Cerasifera ×? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 16. 1899.

Described by Kerr in 1899. Tree upright, with distinct foliage. Fruit medium in size, round to round-oblong, very dark red; flesh red; clingstone.

=Ecully.= Domestica. =1.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 364. 1887. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 153, 364. 1895. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 433. 1905.

Reine-Claude d’Ecully 1, 2, 3.

A chance seedling grown by M. Luizet, at Ecully-les-Lyon, France; first fruited in 1866. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit large, roundish; suture deep; halves unequal; cavity deep and rather wide; stem medium in length; skin yellow, slightly tinged with red; flesh yellowish, fine, rather firm, juicy, sweet, Reine Claude aroma; good; stone nearly free; mid-season.

=Eddie.= Species? Letter from J. W. Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska.

=Edith.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:269. 1900.

A seedling of Iowa Beauty grown by E. L. Hayden, Oakville, Iowa, about 1895. Tree upright, vigorous; fruit medium in size, globular; suture indistinct; dark red; dots numerous; bloom thick; good; stone of medium size; mid-season.

=Edle Early.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 411. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

Edle Frühpflaume 1, 2. _Noble Précoce_ 2.

Found in a garden in Brunswick, Germany. Tree large, productive; fruit small, oval; suture a line; brownish-red, with gold-colored dots; flesh golden-yellow, tender, juicy, sweet; freestone; early.

=Edouard Seneclauze.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 361. 1866.

Fruit very small, obovate, golden-yellow; flesh sweet, richly flavored; freestone; early.

=Eggles.= Triflora × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:271. 1901.

Sent out by A. L. Bruce, Texas. Fruit large, round; suture indistinct; bright red; dots many, minute, yellow; flesh yellow; stone oval, compressed, clinging; poor.

=Eldora.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 333. 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 148. 1901.

A seedling raised by Judge Samuel Miller of Missouri. Tree rapid in growth; fruit medium to large.

=Eldorado.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:269. 1900. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1903. =3.= _Ibid._ 426. 1905.

A seedling grown by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa, who introduced it in 1899. Fruit small, round; suture lacking; yellow overlaid with red; dots small, grayish; bloom thin; skin thick; flesh firm, yellow, subacid; clingstone; late.

=Eldridge.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 42. 1883.

A variety from Wisconsin listed for eight years by the American Pomological Society.

=Elfrey.= Domestica. =1.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 234. 1817. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:98. 1832. =3.= _Horticulturist_ =7=:403. 1852. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Elfrey’s Prune_ 2. _Elfreth’s Prune_ 2. _Elfry’s Plum_ 4.

Of unknown origin; quite widely disseminated and highly recommended in the South about fifty years ago. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, oval, blue; flesh greenish, firm, rich, slightly dry; mid-season.

=Elisabeth Pflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Elisabeth d’Elsner._ _Elsner’s Elisabeth Pflaume._

=Ella.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:52. 1900.

A seedling of the Peach plum grown at the British Columbia Experimental Station; not introduced; closely resembles the parent.

=Ellis.= Munsoniana × Hortulana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 231. 1901.

Ellis is said to be a cross between Wild Goose and Golden Beauty, and to have originated in northern Texas; introduced by T. L. Ellis. Fruit large, round; skin very thin, red; good; semi-clinging.

=Ellwood.= Domestica. =1.= _Col., O., Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 31. 1892. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

Elwood 1.

Introduced by Augustine and Company, Normal, Illinois; very similar to Lombard if not identical with it.

=Elmore.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. & For._ =7=:243. 1894.

An early variety from Shasta, Sacramento County, California.

=Elsner Grüne Zwetsche.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Elsner’s Von Gronow Grüne Zwetsche._ _Prune Celeste._

=Elton.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831.

Grown on the grounds of the London Horticultural Society.

=Emerald.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =12=:265. 1889. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 101. 1891. =3.= Smith _Cat._ 35. 1898. =4.= _Can. Hort._ =22=:340. 1899.

Early Green 1, 2, 4.

Originated with Warren Holton, Hamilton, Ontario; supposedly a seedling of Reine Claude. It was first called Early Green but was introduced by E. D. Smith of Winona, Ontario, under the name Emerald. Tree hardy and productive; fruit large, roundish; stem slender; suture medium deep; yellowish-green; very good; stone free, smooth; very early.

=Emerald.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:270. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 209. 1901. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 296. 1903. =4.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =114=:133. 1910.

_Burwood_ 4.

Emerald came from a cross between Brittlewood and Burbank made by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, in 1895. Tree resembles an Early Richmond cherry, hardy, productive; buds conspicuous; fruit large, roundish, yellow marbled with coppery-red; flesh yellowish, tender, fibrous, juicy, mild subacid; good.

=Emerald Drop.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 275. 1845. =2.= _Ibid._ 913. 1869. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:125. 1866-73.

Goutte Emeraude 3.

Emerald Drop is a seedling of Washington grown sometime previous to 1845 by A. J. Downing, Newburgh, New York. Tree moderately vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity small; suture distinct, sides unequal; yellowish-green; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Emerson.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =101=:131. 1901. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:63. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195. 1901.

_Emerson’s Early_ 3.

Found wild in northern Texas; introduced by A. L. Bruce. Fruit small, round to oval, bright red, with many white dots; flesh yellow, soft; stone rough, clinging; early.

=Emerson.= Americana. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 127. 1890.

Originated near Dubuque, Iowa. Tree productive; fruit large, roundish, red, thickly dotted with small gray spots; flesh firm; valuable for preserving.

=Emerson Yellow.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 20. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195. 1901.

A seedling of the Emerson from Texas. Fruit of medium size, round, yellow; inferior.

=Emigrant.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 126. 1889. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 25. 1897.

A seedling of Lombard. Fruit large, oval, purple; quality fair; mid-season.

=Emily May.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:269. 1900.

A large attractive plum of the Pond type grown by Lillian A. Trotter, Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada. Fruit large, oval; suture well marked; clear light yellow; bloom thin; flesh firm, juicy, delicate; good; stone small, rough, free.

=Emma.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:269. 1900. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, in 1896. Fruit medium in size, almost round; skin thin, reddish color; good; stone large, clinging.

=Engle.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich Sta. Bul._ =129=:32, 33. 1896. =2.= _Ibid._ =187=:77, 78. 1901. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 311. 1903.

Fruit below medium size, roundish-oval; suture obscure; skin yellow; flesh firm, yellow, flavor rich; very good; very early.

=Empereur.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:63. 1866-73. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Empereur de Mas_ 2.

Grown by M. Mas, France, from a seed of Golden Drop sown in 1850; reported in 1861 under the name Empereur. Fruit large, obovate; suture indistinct; skin tender, purple, streaked with deeper purple; flesh clear yellow, melting, juicy, sweet; stone small, clinging; early.

=Emperor of Japan.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

_Empereur du Japan_ 1. _Emperor of Japan_ 1. _Kaiser Von Japan_ 1.

Mathieu found reference to it in _Pomologische Monatshefte_ 134. 1882 and _Obst-Garten_ 322. 1882.

=Esjum Erik.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. Dept. Agr. Pom. Bul._ =10=:21. 1901.

Esjum Erik is an Old World variety imported by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1900. As tested at this Station it appears to be of little value for New York growers. Tree vigorous, unproductive; fruit small, obovate, necked; cavity nearly lacking; suture a line; purplish-black; bloom thick; dots inconspicuous; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweetish, mild; quality not high; stone small, oval, dark colored, clinging; mid-season.

=Essex Bullace.= Insititia. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 689. 1884. =3.= Rivers _Cat._ 37. 1909.

New Large Bullace 1, 3. _New Large Bullace_ 2.

Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit large, roundish, greenish-yellow; flesh juicy; late.

=Esslinger Fruhzwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889. =2.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 473. 1894. _Quetsche Précoce d’Esslingen_ 1.

Tree vigorous; an early and abundant bearer; fruit of medium size, bluish-black; bloom light; valuable for dessert and drying.

=Esther.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 287. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =3.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 173. 1901.

A seedling of Miner, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1885. Fruit medium in size, round-oval; suture a line; dark red; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; stone oval, clinging; late.

=Etopa.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Triflora. _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

Introduced in 1908 by the originator, N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station. It is a cross of Occident with _Prunus besseyi_ in which the dark purplish flesh of the male parent is conspicuous.

=Etta.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =85=:13. 1901.

A seedling first fruited in 1895 by H. A. Terry, Iowa. Fruit large, nearly round; suture distinct; skin yellow, striped and splashed with red; flesh sweet, rich; good; stone oval, free; mid-season.

=Eureka.= Nigra. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:270. 1900.

Grown in 1896 by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, from seed of Cheney. Tree upright, vigorous, unproductive; fruit large; roundish, yellowish-red to purple; flesh firm, juicy; good; clingstone; very early.

=Eureka.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Jour. Hort._ =5=:148. 1869.

Similar to Wild Goose.

=Eva.= Nigra. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

From Manitoba; tested at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit small, red; excellent; mid-season.

=Evelyn.= Domestica. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 73. 1894. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 137. 1894.

A seedling grown in the neighborhood of Owen’s Sound, Canada; of local reputation.

=Excelsior Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _Green River Cat._ 1899.

A freestone introduced in 1892 by the Green River Nursery Company and described in their catalog as being a particularly fine strain of the Damson.

=Fairchild.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:271. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 148. 1901.

A seedling of De Soto supposed to have been fertilized by a wild plum; grown by J. H. Fairchild, Iowa, in 1894 and offered for sale in 1899 by Snyder and Son, Center Point, Iowa. Fruit above medium, roundish-oval, yellowish-red with whitish dots; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; quality fair; mid-season.

=Fancy.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:271. 1900.

From a sprout of Wild Goose, originating with John Brown, Oakville, Louisa County, Iowa, in 1885. Tree vigorous, very prolific; fruit large, oblong, yellow with shading of red; bloom thin; flesh sweet, juicy; good; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

=Fanning.= Munsoniana. =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 185. 1901.

A chance seedling found in the yard of a Mr. Fanning, Rockdale, Texas. Fruit medium in size, round-oval, bright red; dots numerous; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Fawn.= Munsoniana. =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 231. 1901.

A variety first grown by David Miller of Camp Hill, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture a line; bright red; dots numerous, large, yellow, giving a dappled or fawn color; bloom very thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone oval, clinging.

=Femmonzi.= Species? =1.= Coates _Cat._ 1910-11.

A variety first grown by Frank Femmons of Ahwahnee, California, and introduced by the Leonard Coates Nursery Company, Morganhill, California, in the fall of 1910. Said to be large and handsome.

=Field Marshall.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 257. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 293. 1845. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 426. 1854.

Corse’s Field Marshall 1, 2. _Corse’s Field Marshal_ 3.

A seedling raised by Henry Corse of Montreal, Canada. Fruit large, oval, bright purplish-red; cavity shallow; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, subacid; stone long, pointed, clinging.

=Figue Grosse Rouge.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831.

_Wilmots Early_ 1.

Fruit large, obovate; purple; freestone; quality medium; mid-season.

=Fin de Siecle.= Nigra. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Tree productive; fruit large; red; flavor fair; early.

=Fine Bonte.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 913. 1869. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:35. 1866-73. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

Feine und Gute 3. _Fine Bonte_ 3.

Originated in the nurseries of Simon Louis, Moselle, France. Fruit small, irregularly ovate; suture indistinct; purple; bloom thin; stem very short, thick; flesh greenish yellow; very good; stone small, free; very early.

=Fine Early Plum.= Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth _Treat Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

=Firba Konigspflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

=Firbas Frühe Schuttenhoferin.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

Mathieu found mention of it in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 287. 1884.

=First.= Species? =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 1899. =2.= _Ibid._ 1901. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =68=:36. 1905.

No. 31,288 1.

According to the originator, Luther Burbank, this variety is one of the second generation of a combination cross of Hawkeye, Hammer, Milton, Wyant, Wayland and Burbank. It was introduced in 1899 under the breeding number 31,288, but grafting wood was not offered for sale until 1900. This is probably one of the earliest plums, ripening in California about three weeks before Red June. Fruit medium in size, roundish; stem short, slender; yellow with faint blush; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy; earliest.

=First Best.= Species? =1.= Childs _Cat._ 136. 1910.

First Best was grown by R. D. Hoyt of Clearwater, Florida, in 1894 from seed marked “Hill Plum” received from W. Gollen of Saharanfur, India. The tree first fruited in 1904 and was introduced in the spring of 1910 by John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, New York, who states that it is an unusually early, yellow variety.

=First Sweet.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at the Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Tree productive; fruit of medium size; skin red, thin; flavor excellent; early.

=Fitzroy.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 119. 1904.

A seedling of Rollingstone grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Canada. Fruit above medium, roundish, slightly heart-shaped; suture a line; skin yellow washed with red; dots many; bloom moderate; flesh pale yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone nearly free; cracks when ripe.

=Flora Plena.= Americana =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894-97.

J. W. Kerr, the introducer, found this plum in the yard of a friend in York County, Pennsylvania, it having been brought from Iowa. Tree dwarf; blooms profusely with beautiful pure white, very double flowers; no fruit.

=Flushing Bulleis.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

Noted by Parkinson as a variety producing fruit in clusters like a bunch of grapes.

=Foote.= Insititia. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =35=:21. 1906.

Fruit small, roundish-oblong; skin black; flesh rather dry, greenish-yellow; stone small, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Foote.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =20=:324. 1865. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 913. 1869. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:77. 1873.

_Foote’s Early Orleans_ 3. Foote’s Early Orleans 1, 2, 3. Monsieur Hâtif de Foote 3.

A seedling of Wilmot’s Early Orleans raised in 1852 by Asahel Foote of Williamstown, Massachusetts. Tree large and vigorous; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture absent; very black; flesh greenish, juicy; good; stone oval, flattened, clinging; very early.

=Foote Golden Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 914. 1869.

Raised by Asahel Foote, Williamstown, Massachusetts. Tree very vigorous; shoots slightly downy; fruit large, nearly round; suture shallow; stalk slender; cavity small; skin golden-yellow, obscurely splashed with green and tinged with red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, slightly vinous; very good; stone slightly adherent; mid-season.

=Forest Rose Improved.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:154. 1899.

An improved strain of Forest Rose somewhat larger than the original.

=Forewattamie.= Hortulana mineri × Munsoniana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:11. 1898. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900.

A cross between Forest Garden and Pottawattamie grown by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska. J. W. Kerr, after testing it, states that it disclosed no special merits; fruit below medium, oval, dull red; flesh watery; poor.

=Formosa.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat._ 7. 1907-8. =2.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat., Burbank’s Late Introductions._ fig. 1909.

_Wickson Challenge_ 1.

Grown by Luther Burbank, who states that it is of mixed parentage, including probably from fifteen to eighteen varieties. Tree very vigorous and productive; fruit large, oval to slightly cordate; suture very prominent; cavity medium; rich yellow with light bloom turning to clear red at maturity; flesh pale yellow, firm, sweet, rich, apricot flavor; good; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Forward Damask.= Domestica. Mentioned in Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 70. 1699.

=Frankfort Peach.= Domestica. =1.= Koch _Deut. Obst._ 572. 1876. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 180. 1881. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Francfort Peach_ 3. Frankfurter Pfirschen Zwetsche 3. _Kuchen Pflaume_ 3. _Quetsche de Francfort_ 3. _Quetsche-Pêche de Francfort_ 3.

Tree spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, oval, compressed; suture shallow; cavity small; black; bloom thick; flesh yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet, good; stone oval, thin, free; mid-season.

=Franklin.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:223. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 210, 211 fig. 1901.

Originated with A. L. Bruce, Texas, from Abundance crossed with an unknown variety. Fruit of medium size, oblate; suture a line; bright crimson over yellow; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; clingstone.

=Fraser.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =22=:606. 1901. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ =30=:120. 1901.

Fraser’s Early Yellow 1.

Raised in the nursery of John Fraser, Woodford, England, about 1895. Tree small; fruit very small, oval; skin bright yellow; flesh soft; flavor poor; freestone; valuable because of its earliness.

=Freeman.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 276. 1893. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:13. 1901.

Freeman’s Favorite 1.

Originated in 1885 with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Wild Goose. Tree vigorous, fairly productive; fruit above medium, roundish-oblong; suture distinct; bright crimson, numerous dots on the lower half; flesh very tender, sprightly; good; clingstone; early.

=Freestone.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 424. 1905.

An inferior native variety; fruit small; clingstone; mid-season.

=Freestone.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

A seedling grown by H. A. Terry from seed of Harrison. Fruit large, pale yellow becoming light red at full maturity; good; stone semi-clinging.

=Freestone Goose.= Munsoniana. =1.= Stark _Cat._ 29. 1910.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska, and introduced by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri, in 1910. The fruit is said to be larger and darker colored than the Wild Goose.

=Freestone Quetsche.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:209. 1898.

Imported by the Department of Agriculture and noted as vigorous.

=Friedheim Damascene.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Friedheim’s Rote Früh Damascene._ _Damas Rouge de Friedheim._

=Fritze Herrnpflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

=Frostproof.= Cerasifera. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:369. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 231. 1901.

Grown and introduced by J. H. G. Jenkins, Spring Garden, Missouri, about 1896. Fruit small, spherical; suture a fine line; dark crimson; dots minute; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; clingstone; very early; blossoms resistant to frosts.

=Frühe Englische Zwetsche.= Domestica. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

=Frühe Gelbe Reine Claude.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Frühe Gelbe Kaiser Pflaume._

=Frühe Grüne Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 445. 1881. 2. Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Bischtin Erik_ 2. _Herr Pflaume_ 2.

A German variety said to be suitable for moist soils.

=Frühe Leipziger Damascene.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889.

_Damas de Leipsick_ 1. _Fondante Noire_ 1.

Mathieu suggests that this may possibly be identical with Précoce de Tours.

=Fuller.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:37. 1897.

Fuller’s Egg 1.

Reported by B. A. Matthews, Knoxville, Iowa, as a large, oval plum.

=Fulton.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 382. 1857. =2.= _Cultivator_ =5=:373. 1857.

A variety of uncertain origin found at Johnstown, Fulton County, New York. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture distinct; bright yellow; juicy; good; late and hangs to the tree well.

=Funk.= Triflora ×? =1.= Munson _Cat._ 8. 1902. 2. _Tex. Dept. Agr. Rpt._ =12=:102. 1910.

Funk’s Early 2.

An accidental cross of Abundance raised by J. M. Funk, Grayson County, Texas. Tree vigorous, upright, prolific; fruit medium, heart-shaped, bright red; clingstone; very early.

=Fürst Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 361. 1866. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 913. 1869. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 127, 129. 1901. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:51. 1900.

Eugene Fürst 1, 2. Eugen Fürst 3. Fürst’s Damson 4. _Quetsche Précoce de Fürst_ 2. _Sweet Damson_ 1, 2.

This plum is frequently confused with the Furst. The origin of the name and variety is unknown. According to Waugh, it is a German variety introduced in America about sixty years ago. Foliage Damson-like; fruit small, pear-shaped, with a neck; cavity shallow, abrupt; stem slender; suture obsolete; apex slightly pointed; skin tough, purplish-black; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, slightly acid; quality fair to good; stone nearly free.

=Gabriel Combes.= Domestica. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 332, Pl. 1895.

Prune Reine-Claude Gabriel Combes 1.

Of French origin, probably a seedling of the Reine Claude; first mentioned in 1895. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit spheroidal-ovoid, large, purple; cavity very small; suture slight; apex pointed; flesh amber-yellow, fine, juicy, sweet, aromatic, excellent; stone small, free; ripens after Reine Claude.

=Galbraith.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =8=:536. 1853. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 382. 1857.

Said to have originated with a Mr. Galbraith near Boalsburg, Pennsylvania. Tree straggling; fruit of medium size, oval, purple; flesh tender, juicy; good; clingstone; early.

=Gale.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897-1900. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:37. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 149. 1901.

Gale Seedling 2. _Gale Seedling_ 3. _Gale’s No. 3_ 1.

Introduced about 1890 by I. Gale & Son, Waukesha, Wisconsin. Tree overbears; fruit below medium, roundish, compressed; suture distinct; apex slightly truncate; dull red; skin thin; flesh yellow, soft; quality fair; stone thick, rounded, nearly free; very early.

=Galena.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:37. 1897. 2. Waugh _Plum Cult._ 149. 1901.

Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit large, oval; yellow ground covered with red.

=Galopin.= Domestica. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 367. 1895. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 102. 1901.

_Violette de Galopin_ 2. Violette Galopin 1.

A European variety. Tree poor; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow; stem short, thick; suture shallow; blue; many conspicuous dots; flesh yellow; quality medium; stone of medium size, oval, slightly necked, nearly free.

=Garden King.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:273. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 149. 1901.

Found wild in 1853; in 1861 it was put under cultivation by Judge Elias Topliff of De Soto, Wisconsin, and subsequently turned over to A. R. Prescott, Postville, Iowa, who introduced it in 1896. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, oval, scarlet; flesh sweet, juicy; freestone.

=Garfield.= Hortulana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:48, 86. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 179. 1901. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:254, 255. 1905.

Reported to have been found wild in Ohio; introduced by Leo Welz, Wilmington, Ohio, in 1887. Tree unproductive, lacking in hardiness; fruit small, oval; stem slender; cavity shallow; suture a line; bright red; bloomless; flesh yellow, juicy, acid; quality fair; stone small, long-oval, pointed, clinging; late.

=Garlick.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:164. 1843.

Garlick’s Early 1, 2.

Fruit small, obovate, purple; good; freestone; obsolete.

=Garnet.= Triflora × Cerasifera. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt. Pom._ 45. 1895. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 211. 1901.

Found by J. L. Breece, Fayetteville, North Carolina, under a Kelsey tree which was probably pollinated from a Pissardi growing near, the foliage showing the reddish color of the Pissardi; first fruited in 1892. Fruit large, roundish-oval, dark garnet-red with minute russet dots; cavity small; suture indistinct; skin thin and bitter; flesh yellow with a tinge of red; flavor mild; stone medium, oval, clinging; more valuable as an ornamental than for its fruit.

=Gates.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:38. 1897.

Originated at Owatonna, Minnesota. Fruit medium in size, flattened; suture distinct; very dull red; dots numerous, yellow; skin thick; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone distinctly margined; late.

=Gaunt.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576, 577 fig. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676.

Described in 1629 by Parkinson as “large, reddish, waterish, late.”

=Gaviota.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat._ 1907. =2.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat., Burbank’s Late Introductions._ fig. 1909.

_Rice Seed_ 1.

Originated with Luther Burbank about 1900; probably contains admixtures of other species than the ones mentioned above. Tree vigorous, productive, late blooming; fruit very large, oval; suture shallow; cavity medium; dark red over yellow ground; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, aromatic; good; stone extremely small; mid-season.

=Gaylord.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 441. 1889. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:24, 38 fig. 1897. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:273. 1900.

Found growing wild by David Hardman, Nora Springs, Iowa, in 1854; introduced by Edson Gaylord of the same place about 1890. Tree vigorous with a tendency to overbear; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity small; stem short; suture a line; apex slightly pointed; dull red over yellow; bloom thin; dots numerous, minute; skin thick, bitter; flesh yellow, melting; good; stone large, oval, flat, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Gaylord Gold.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:273. 1900.

Found wild in Rock Grove, Iowa, about 1870 by John Henry, Nora Springs, Iowa; cions subsequently distributed by Edson Gaylord. Fruit of medium size, golden yellow; good; stone small, free; mid-season.

=Gelbe Damascener Pflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889.

Reference taken by Mathieu from _Obst-Garten_ 315. 1883.

=Gelbe Jerusalempflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889.

_Jaune de Jerusalem_ 1. _Prune de Jerusalem_ 1.

A variety of doubtful merit and different from Yellow Jerusalem.

=Gelbe Kirschpflaume.= Cerasifera. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

_Cerisette Blanche._ _Myrobalan Jaune._ _Prunus Cerasifera Zanthocarpa._ _Serdali Irek._

=Gelbe Spatzwetsche.= Species? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

_Reitzensteiner Gelbe Zwetsche_ incor. _Quetsche Jaune Tardive._

=Gem.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 915. 1869.

Originated near Albany, New York. Fruit small, round; suture and cavity shallow; mottled with purple; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; clingstone.

=Gem.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

The Gem 1.

A seedling of Lottie grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by P. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, oblong, red and yellow, with whitish bloom; good; freestone.

=Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

_Bauern Pflaume._ _Gelber Bidling._ _Krieke._ _Prunus Lutea._ _Spelge._ _Spilge._ _Spindel Pflaume._

=Gentleman.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:41. 1873.

Probably of American origin as it was sent by Downing to M. Mas, but was not described by the American author. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, oval; suture indistinct; skin thick, intense purple; bloom abundant; stem short; flesh yellowish, juicy, vinous; good; freestone; early.

=Georgia.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =175=:153. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 212. 1901.

_Normand No. 20_ 1, 2.

One of the several seedlings sent out by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana. Named by L. H. Bailey in 1899. Fruit small, oval, greenish-yellow covered with bright red; flesh yellow, watery, fibrous, sweet; stone large, strongly clinging; fruit drops while green; worthless.

=Gerishes Seedling.= Domestica. Mentioned in Johnson _Cat._

_Early Bradshaw._

=Gersepflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889.

Reference taken by Mathieu from _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 287. 1884.

=Ghiston.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 276. 1845. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 222, 244. 1858.

Ghiston’s Early 1, 2.

Fruit large, oval, yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality poor; freestone; season early; rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1858.

=Gibson.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =25=:319. 1870.

Gibson’s Seedling.

A seedling from W. L. Gibson of Elmira, New York. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, deep amber color; bloom slight; skin thick, very astringent; flesh sweet, juicy, mild; good.

=Gill.= Domestica. =1.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =94=:58. 1909.

Introduced by S. R. Gill, Port Clinton, Ohio, who received it in 1882 from a nursery with Golden Drop trees. Tree vigorous, spreading and productive; fruit medium in size, round, reddish-purple; bloom light; flesh firm, sweet, rich; good; mid-season; excellent for canning.

=Gisborne.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =10=:16. 1855. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._. =2=:49. 1873. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

De Gisborne 3. Gisborne’s 1. _Gisborne’s_ 3. Gisborne’s Early 2. _Gisborne’s Early_ 2, 4. _Gisborne’s Zwetsche_ 3. Gisbornes Zwetsche 4. Ovalrunde Spreckel Pflaume 4. _Paterson’s_ 1, 4.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture indistinct; skin golden-yellow, dotted with cherry-red on the sunny side, with pale bloom; flesh bright yellow, juicy, sweet; stone large, oval, free; mid-season.

=Glaister.= Domestica. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 358. 1891.

A variety from California introduced by Leonard Coates of Napa, California. Fruit very similar to Yellow Egg, but two weeks earlier.

=Gloire d’Epinay.= Domestica. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 444. 1898. =2.= _Ibid._ 86. 1899.

A sucker from a chance seedling found about 1850 by M. Donon of Epinay, France; named and presented to the National Society of Horticulture in 1898 by M. Gorion. Fruit above medium size, roundish-oval; suture shallow; deep blue; similar to Monsieur, but is later and ripens over a period of nearly two months.

=Gloire de Louveciennes.= Insititia. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 650. 1900. =2.= _Ibid._ 476, fig. 1901.

Mirabelle Gloire de Louveciennes 1, 2.

Noted in the _Revue Horticole_ as a Mirabelle introduced in 1900 by M. Lecointe. Fruit similar to Mirabelle de Nancy in shape and form, but larger; skin citron-yellow, dotted and shaded with red on the sunny side; flesh firm, very sweet, like the Apricot in flavor.

=Gloria.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 119. 1904.

A seedling of Wolf; fruit large, oval; cavity narrow; suture a line; bright red or yellow mottled with red; dots few; bloom light; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone large, nearly free; variety promising.

=Gloucestershire Violet.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ =17=:285. 1888.

_Minsterworth_ 1. _Prince_ 1.

A very old variety first known as Prince; it is grown largely on the banks of the Severn, England, where it is propagated from seed or from root-suckers. Fruit small, oval, with slight tendency to a neck; suture distinct; dark mahogany; bloom thin; flesh greenish, tender, sweet, pleasant; stone small; free.

=Glow.= Maritima × Subcordata × Americana × Nigra. =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 14. 1911.

From crosses of the species named Burbank grew this variety. Tree of medium size; branches slender and drooping. Fruit large, round, crimson, dotted with yellow; flesh orange color, rich; good; freestone; late.

=G. No. 4.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =9=:347. 1890. 2. _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:42, 43. 1899.

G. No. 44 Jones (unpublished).

In 1890, Herbert A. Jones, Himrods, New York, sent this variety to a few experiment stations for testing. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture very shallow; cavity medium deep; stem slender; skin thin; dark purple; bloom thick; dots numerous, sometimes irregular, russet; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sourish; poor; clingstone; mid-season; variety not worth propagating.

=Goff.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

Prof. Goff 1.

A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, red over yellow; good; clingstone.

=Gold.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:273. 1900. =3.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Golden 3.

A variety from H. A. Terry not to be confused with the Golden of Burbank (Gold of Stark Brothers). Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow, small; orange-yellow and red; bloom thin; skin rather thick, astringent; flesh yellow, firm, meaty, subacid; good; clingstone.

=Gold Coin.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

An unknown variety mentioned by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, as the parent of Coinage.

=Gold Colored.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:39. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 150. 1901.

From Edson Gaylord, Gaylord, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, bright yellow; stone small, free.

=Golden Cluster.= Domestica. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 93. 1885.

A seedling from Henry Corse of Montreal. Tree slow in growth, with long internodes; fruit of medium size, egg-shaped; hanging in dense clusters by firmly adherent stems; gold, tinged with brown; flesh firm, pleasant; ripening season long.

=Golden Gage.= Domestica. _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =12=:611. 1893.

Golden Gage is a seedling of Golden Drop grown by J. T. Macomber, Grand Isle, Vermont. Fruit small, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; apex round; skin thin; pale yellow with red specks; bloom thin; dots small; flesh yellow, very sweet; good; stone oval, slightly necked; free; mid-season; of little commercial importance because of inferior size and color.

=Golden Gem.= Species?

A variety originating from seed with P. P. Dawson, Payette, Idaho.

=Golden Prolific.= Species? =1.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ =5=:116. 1898.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, yellow; very good; clingstone; poor shipper.

=Golden Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 360. 1891. =2.= _Cal. Sta. Bd. Hort._ 112. 1891. =3.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 291. 1893. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 105. 1901.

Golden 2.

Grown by Seth Lewelling, Milwaukee, Oregon, from a seed of the Italian Prune; mentioned in the last two catalogs of the American Pomological Society. Fruit large, oval; cavity small, round, shallow, abrupt; stem short; suture shallow; apex depressed, sometimes cracking; light yellow; bloom thin; dots numerous, yellow; skin thin; flesh yellow, firm, tender, juicy; good; stone of medium size, long-oval, nearly free; mid-season.

=Golden Queen.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =2.= Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 426. 1905.

Originated with H. A. Terry; first fruited in 1897. Tree characterized by its luxuriant foliage; fruit large, roundish-oblong, golden-yellow; good; said to be valuable for dessert.

=Golden Transparent.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. World_ =10=:448. 1893. =2.= Rivers _Cat._ 34. 1898. =3.= Thompson _Gard. Ass’t_ 157. 1901.

From Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England; closely allied to the Transparent Gage, but is distinctly later and more golden in color; an excellent dessert plum.

=Goldsmith.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831.

Goldsmith’s Vienna.

=Gondin.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

Pflaume Von Gondin. _Prune de Gondin._

=Gonne.= Domestica. =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:15, Pl. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 917. 1869. =3.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 409. 1881.

Gonne’s Rothe Pflaume 3. Prune Gonne 1. _Prune Gonne_ 2.

Originated by Dr. Gonne of Fleurus, Belgium. Oberdieck gives the Gonne’s Rothe Pflaume, which is evidently the same variety, as a seedling of the Red Egg. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obovate, sometimes spherical; suture shallow to deep; carmine-red, dotted with russet; flesh yellow, juicy, melting, sweet; the pit lies in a large cavity, nearly free; mid-season.

=Goose-Dye.= Species? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 11. 1900.

A supposed hybrid between the Wild Goose plum and Dyehouse cherry grown by Theodore Williams. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit larger than Wild Goose, oval, cherry-red; clingstone; mid-season; said to be free from rot.

=Goose-O.= Munsoniana × Triflora. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 11. 1900.

A cross between Wild Goose and Ogon made by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska. Tree suckers badly; fruit of medium size, roundish, red on a yellow ground; clingstone; mid-season.

=Gordon.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 46. 1897.

_Gordon No. 3_ 1.

A seedling of Imperial Gage. Fruit of medium size, roundish; yellow overspread with coppery-red; bloom profuse; skin acid; flesh rich, yellow, meaty, juicy, subacid; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Gordon Castle.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Chron._ =26=:364. 1866. =2.= _Garden_ =54=:318. 1898.

A plum of the Reine Claude type which originated at Gordon Castle, England. Fruit large, obovate; greenish-yellow overspread with a reddish blush; flesh firm, sweet; good; mid-season.

=Gorman.= Species? Mentioned in _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 169. 1909.

=Govalle.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:14. 1898. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 215. 1901.

Grown by Joseph Breck, Texas, supposedly from the Kelsey. Introduced by F. T. Ramsey in 1898. Fruit medium, oval; cavity shallow; bright red; flesh slightly soft, fibrous, sprightly; good; clingstone; early.

=Grace.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 263. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 74. 1895.

Originated with W. R. Grace, Garden City, Kansas. Fruit of medium size, oblong, yellow striped with red, mottled and washed with dull purple; flesh yellow, melting, juicy; flavor rich, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Grand Précoce.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 357. 1895.

Mentioned in the preceding references.

=Graugrüne Frühpflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 432. 1889.

Mathieu found the variety referred to in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 287. 1884.

=Gray Damask.= Insititia. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 70. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye as “a round plum of a gray color.”

=Grayson.= Munsoniana × Americana. =1.= Sherman _Cat._ 1897. =2.= _Vt. Sta. Rpt._ =12=:225. 1899.

A seedling of Wild Goose crossed with some Americana; from A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Texas, about 1893. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture a line; clear red; dots many, conspicuous, yellow; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, soft; good; clingstone; season follows Wild Goose.

=Great Bearer.= Domestica. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 56. 1878.

Corse’s Great Bearer 1.

Undoubtedly originated with Henry Corse of Montreal, Canada. Fruit small, light blue; flavor fair; very prolific.

=Greely.= Domestica. =1.= _Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 130. 1888. =2.= _Ibid._ 144. 1889. =3.= _Rural N. Y._ =55=:512. 1896.

Greeley 1, 3.

Captain Eliphalet Greely of Portland, Maine, secured the original tree from Montreal; introduced by O. K. Gerrish of Portland. A large, purple plum so closely resembling Bradshaw that some growers believe them to be identical; its season seems to be earlier than Bradshaw.

=Greenfield.= Domestica. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 51. 1878.

A seedling of Red Magnum Bonum raised by Mr. Greenfield of Canada. Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, red.

=Green Indian.= Domestica. =1.= Willich _Dom. Enc._ 195. 1903.

_White Indian_ 1.

Reported in 1803 as a very desirable variety.

=Green Italian.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3d App. 181. 1869.

From Germany; tree moderately vigorous, fairly productive; fruit medium, oval; suture a line; greenish-yellow splashed with green; bloom thin; cavity small; flesh green, coarse, juicy, sweet, rich; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Green Oysterly.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 577 fig., 578. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 207. 1676.

Described as roundish, of medium size, greenish, juicy, flavor “reasonably good.”

=Green Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676.

Described by Rea nearly two hundred and fifty years ago as “a round plum, of medium size, green; flavor good.”

=Green Pescod.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

Parkinson states that “this plum is of medium size, pointed; mid-season.”

=Grelck.= Cerasifera. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 358. 1891.

Supposedly a seedling grown by John Grelck of Los Angeles, California, who gave it to O. S. Chapin of San Diego County about 1883. Fruit small, round, light yellow with reddish shade, sprightly; good; season before Myrobalan; decidedly superior to Myrobalan.

=Gros Damas de Tours.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 70. 1699. =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:69. 1768. =3.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:56. 1771. =4.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 19. 1803. =5.= Willich _Dom. Enc._ =4=:300. 1803. =6.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ 3. 1807. =7.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145, 147. 1831. =8.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:86. 1832. =9.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 917. 1869. =10.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 433. 1889.

_Damas de Tours_ 10. Damas de Tours Gros 7. _Damas de Tours Gros_ 8, 9, 10. Damas gros de Tours 3. Damas Violet of Tours 4. Great Violet Damask de Tours 5. _Great Damask Violet of Tours_ 6, 10. Great Damask Violet of Tours 9. Great Plum of Tours 7. Great Violet Tours Damask 1. Gros Damas 6. Grosse Damascene von Tours 10. _Gros Damas de Tours_ 8, 9, 10. _Gros Damas Violet de Tours_ 6. Largest Damask of Tours 8. _Largest Damask of Tours_ 9, 10.

For historical notes and description see Précoce de Tours.

=Gros Damas Noir.= Domestica? =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:500. 1860.

A small mediocre plum mentioned by Noisette as ripening the last of July.

=Grosse Hâtive de Rodt.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 433. 1889.

=Grosse Marange.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 433. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 156, 357. 1895.

_Hâtive d’Augny_ 1, 2.

This variety was grown by M. Chabardin of Augny near Metz, France, where it is considered very promising because of its high quality and earliness. Fruit medium in size, roundish; purplish; flesh yellowish-green, sweet; quality best of its season; very early.

=Grosse Rosspauke.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

Mathieu found it noted in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 287. 1884.

=Grosse Surpasse.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:52. 1900. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 432. 1905.

A small round plum tested at British Columbia Experimental Farm; yellow; flesh yellow, tender, sweet, pleasant; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

=Grosse Violette de Grugliasco.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

=Grüne Dattel Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 444. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

_Berliner Pflaume 2._ _Datte Verte_ 2. Grüne Dattelzwetsche 1. _Grüne Insel Pflaume_ 2 incor. _Susina Verdachia Longa_ 2. _Weisse Indische Pflaume_ 2.

Mentioned in the preceding references. Grünliche Dattelpflaume von Besançon is given by _Guide Pratique_, 1895, as a synonym of the Yellow Egg.

=Grüne Herzformige.= Domestica. =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:30, Tab. 176 fig. 1. 1796.

Die grüne herzförmige Pflaume 1. Prune coeur de pigeon verd 1.

An old European variety. Flowers small; fruit heart-shaped, greenish-yellow; flesh yellow, firm; stone uncommonly rough and uneven.

=Grüne Zwetsche Von Monrepos.= Species? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

=Guilford No. 2.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1903 =2.= _Ibid._ 422. 1905.

A seedling of Miner from Illinois. Tree moderately vigorous, productive; fruit yellow, with a pink cheek; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Guimaraen.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831.

Fruit medium in size, oval, yellow; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Guinea Egg.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:263. 1900.

Found wild about 1857 by Frederick Albright, near Bangor, Marshall County, Iowa; not introduced. Tree vigorous, hardy; fruit large, dark red; skin thin; flesh firm; good; stone small.

=Gundaker.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =6=:524. 1851. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 383. 1857.

A large, heart-shaped, purple plum grown from seed by Samuel E. Gundaker, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, about 1820; of good quality.

=Gundaker Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =6=:524. 1851. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 382. 1857.

_Groundacre_ 1, 2.

A seedling grown by Samuel E. Gundaker, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, about 1820; sent out by Samuel Carpenter of Lancaster, Ohio, as Groundacre. Tree productive; fruit large, oval, light yellow; good.

=Guthrie Apricot.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:341. 1846. =2.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._ =2=:449. 1849. =3.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:531. 1855. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 918. 1869. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

_Abricot de Guthrie_ 5. Guthrie’s Apricot Plum 2. _Guthrie’s Apricot_ 5. _Guthrie’s Golden_ 4. Guthrie’s Golden 5. Guthrie’s New Apricot 3.

A seedling raised by Charles Guthrie of Taybank, Dundee, Scotland. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture slight; cavity small; yellow; bloom thin; dots red; flesh yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Guthrie Russet.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 919. 1869. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:167. 1873.

Rousse De Guthrie 2. _Guthrie’s Russet_ 2.

A seedling of Reine Claude grown by Charles Guthrie, Taybank, Dundee, Scotland. Fruit large, oval; suture distinct; cavity small; stem slender; yellow, sometimes marbled with red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Guthrie Topaz.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:341. 1846. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 919. 1869. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 728. 1884. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

Guthrie’s Topaz 4. _Guthrie’s Topaz_ 3, 4. Topaz 3. _Topaze de Guthrie_ 4.

Grown by Charles Guthrie, Taybank, Dundee, Scotland, probably from seed of Reine Claude. Tree hardy, productive; fruit of medium size, oval, necked, suture distinct; cavity small; stem slender; yellow, with thin bloom; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; flavor not high but pleasant; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Gwalsh.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 301. 1845. =3.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 343. 1849.

From Thomas Hancock, Burlington, New York. Fruit large, obovate; suture indistinct; dark purple; flesh yellow, juicy, sprightly; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Haag.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:24, 39. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:274. 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 150. 1901.

Purchased from a nurseryman of Minneapolis and introduced as Haag by J. S. Haag, Hosper, Sioux County, Iowa. Tree moderately vigorous, spreading; fruit above medium size, roundish; suture distinct; flesh greenish-yellow, tender, sweet; good; stone oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Hackl Grosse Zwetsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

Reference to this variety found by Mathieu in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 287. 1884.

=Haferpflaume.= Insititia? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

_Blaue Krieche._ _Echte Hafer Pflaume._ _Echte Hafer Zwetsche._

=Haffner Herbstpflaume.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

=Haffner Königspflaume.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

_Royale de Haffner._

=Haku Botan.= Triflora. =1.= _Va. Sta. Bul._ =129=:113. 1901.

Imported by the United States Department of Agriculture.

=Hallenbeck.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =8=:309. 1860. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 920. 1869.

Originated with Henry Hallenbeck, East Greenbush, Rensselaer County, New York. Fruit large, roundish-oval, one side often enlarged, reddish-purple; numerous minute dots; flesh greenish-yellow, very juicy, sugary, brisk flavor; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Halcyon.= Triflora × Munsoniana? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:225. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 215. 1901.

Grown by J. S. Breece, North Carolina. Fruit heart-shaped; suture faint; bright red; dots few; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone large, oval, clinging.

=Hanford.= Domestica. =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 71. 1868.

Hanford’s Orleans 1.

Mentioned in 1868 by Lucius C. Frances in the report of the Illinois Horticultural Society.

=Hanska.= Americana × Simonii. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =108=: Pl. 5. 1908.

Originated by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station; first fruited in 1906 on two-year-old trees. Tree very vigorous, fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate, halves unequal; suture shallow; bright red; bloom heavy; flesh firm, reddish; stone very small; semi-free.

=Hanson.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 151. 1901.

Said to be of value in the South. Fruit of medium size; nearly spherical; suture shallow; skin very thick; bright red over yellow; dots numerous; flesh yellow; sweet; good; stone round, slightly flattened, clinging; early.

=Happiness.= Triflora ×? =1.= Griffing Bros. _Cat._ 1906-1909.

A chance seedling found by Joseph Breck about 1899; introduced by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Texas; fruit large, bright red; good.

=Harlow.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 263. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 74. 1895.

Supposed to be a seedling of Bradshaw; raised by S. C. Harlow, Bangor, Maine. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit large, oblong-oval; skin smooth, reddish-purple; dots numerous, fawn-colored; bloom light; flesh greenish-amber, melting, mildly subacid; mid-season.

=Harney.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 45. 1895.

Specimens of this plum from H. C. Cook, White Salmon, Washington, were described by the Division of Pomology, Department of Agriculture. Fruit large, roundish; cavity large, regular, deep, abrupt; suture shallow; purplish-red; dots large and small, russet; bloom thin; skin thin, tough; flesh pale yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, rich; very good; stone medium, roundish, nearly free; mid-season.

=Harper.= Munsoniana? =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 28. 1876. =2.= _Ibid._ 24. 1881.

Harper’s 1.

Originated about 1870. Fruit red; clingstone; mid-season.

=Harriet.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Chron._ =18=:441. 1882. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 705. 1884.

Grown by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, about 1870. Fruit of the Reine Claude type, medium in size; roundish-oblate; cavity deep; suture slight; skin thin but rather tough; golden yellow sometimes specked with red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, very good; stone of medium size, oval, turgid, clinging; mid-season.

=Harris.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 225. 1877.

Tree and fruit much resemble Miner, but the ripening season is four weeks earlier; freestone.

=Harrison.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 123. 1875. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:38, 86. 1892. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:39, 40. 1897. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 170. 1901.

Harrison’s Peach 1, 2, 3. _Harrison’s Peach_ 4.

Found growing wild in Minnesota. Tree unproductive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture a line; cavity shallow; dots small; dull red; bloom thick; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone oval, pointed, flattened, semi-clinging; mid-season. Harrison is the parent of a great number of varieties.

=Hart.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:40. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:274. 1900. =3.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:19. 1905.

Hart’s De Soto 1. _Hart’s De Soto_ 2, 3.

A sprout taken from a tree bought for De Soto by H. Hart, Sioux County, Iowa, about 1890; widely distributed by the Iowa Agricultural College. The fruit resembles De Soto in color and shape, but ripens from ten days to two weeks earlier; somewhat larger in size but inferior in quality.

=Hartwick.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 151. 1901.

Noted as of little value.

=Hartwiss.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 383. 1857. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:123. 1873. =3.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ No. 3. Pl. 1882. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_Hartwiss Gelbe Zwetsche_ 2, 3. Hartwiss Yellow Prune 1. Quetsche Jaune de Hartwiss 2. _Quetsche Jaune de Hartwiss_ 4. Von Hartwiss’ Gelbe Zwetsche 4.

Obtained by Liegel from a pit of Quetsche Jaune Précoce and dedicated by him to the Director of the Imperial Gardens at Nikita, Crimea. Tree large, productive; fruit medium in size, irregularly oval; suture broad and shallow; halves unequal; skin canary-yellow, rather adherent; bloom thin; flesh yellow, tender, sweet; freestone; mid-season.

=Harvest.= Americana. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 127. 1890.

Brought in from the wild by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Fruit large, roundish-ovate; skin thin, red; quality fair; early.

=Hattie.= Cerasifera. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 67. 1875. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:75, 86. 1892. =3.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:369. 1900.

Cultivated in the South. Tree dwarfish; branches stiff and rough; leaves small, folded upward, finely serrate; petioles glandless; flowers small and clustered; fruit small, roundish; suture a line; cavity small; stem slender; dull red; bloom thin; dots many, conspicuous; skin thin, tough; flesh yellow, soft, watery; quality fair; clingstone; early.

=Hayo-Simoni.= Triflora. =1.= _N. Mex. Sta. Bul._ =27=:124. 1898.

An upright, vasiform tree; fruit above medium, roundish-oblate; suture distinct; dark red; dots minute, yellow; bloom abundant; flesh dull yellow, firm, juicy, subacid; good; clingstone; early.

=Hazard.= Domestica. =1.= John Watkins _Cat._

Mentioned by John Watkins, nurseryman, Withington, England.

=Heaton.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894.

Received by J. W. Kerr about 1894 from H. A. Terry, Iowa. Fruit medium to large, oblong-oval, dark purplish-red; freestone; early.

=Hector.= Domestica.

A chance seedling found about 1890 by Edward Smith on his farm at Hector, New York; introduced by E. Smith and Sons, Geneva, New York. Tree vigorous, hardy and productive; fruit one and three-quarters inches in diameter, roundish; cavity deep; suture shallow; stem short, thick; skin tender; dark reddish-purple; bloom thick; dots inconspicuous; flesh light yellow, juicy, tender, sweet, mild; quality good; stone semi-clinging, oval, turgid, slightly winged and necked; mid-season.

=Heep.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195. 1901.

F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Texas, offered this sort in his 1897 catalog as an old variety found in the orchard of a Mr. Heep. Tree very vigorous and productive; fruit above medium size, red; quality fair.

=Heikes.= Triflora. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:23. 1894. =2.= _Ibid._ =139=:38, 42. 1897.

_Burbank No. 4_ 1.

Imported by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, California, in 1885, and named for W. F. Heikes of the Huntsville Nurseries, Huntsville, Alabama. As tested at the Cornell Experiment Station similar to Satsuma if not identical with it.

=Heine Superbe.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

=Helen.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 36. 1875.

Helen’s Seedling 1.

Listed in American Pomological Society catalog for eight years.

=Hendrick.= Munsoniana? =1.= _Ala. Sta. Bul._ N. S. =11=:12. 1890.

Hendrick’s 1.

Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, spherical, yellow, blushed with red; flesh tender; good; early.

=Henrietta Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Gen. Farmer_ =9=:232. 1848. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 920. 1869. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:169. 1873.

_Early Genesee_ 2. _Henrietta Gage_ 3. Reine-Claude D’Henrietta 3.

Originated about 1840 on the farm of a Mr. Brown, Henrietta, Monroe County, New York. Similar to Reine Claude but much earlier.

=Henry Clay.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =3=:20. 1855. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:95. 1873.

A seedling of Howard raised by Elisha Dorr, Albany, New York; named by Dr. Warder of Cincinnati, Ohio; first fruited in 1852. Fruit large, oval; suture broad and shallow; stem long, rather thick; skin clear yellow, often washed and dotted with red on the sunny exposure; flesh clear yellow, sweet, vinous; good; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

=Herbst Kriecke.= Insititia? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 435. 1889.

Mention of the variety found by Mathieu in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 288. 1884.

=Herbstpflaume.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 445. 1881.

A German variety; unproductive in dry soils.

=Hereford Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 48. 1892?

Mentioned in the preceding reference as a favorite and very productive.

=Herefordshire Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Thompson _Gard. Ass’t_ =4=:160. 1901.

Fruit large, obovate; flesh firm, yellowish-green.

=Heron.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 26. 1894. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:187. 1897. =3.= Rivers _Cat._ 35. 1898.

Originated and introduced by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England. Popular in England but on account of its poor foliage it is of little value in this country. Fruit large, roundish, dark purplish-red; dots small; skin sour; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, meaty, moderately juicy, subacid; good; stone large, oval, semi-free; early.

=Heroy.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 435. 1889.

=Herren.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:52. 1900.

A vigorous variety of the Reine Claude type grown in Germany. Fruit of medium size, roundish, slightly flattened at both ends; suture distinct; sides often unequal; dull yellow; flesh yellowish, firm, coarse, sweet, juicy, pleasant; freestone; mid-season.

=Herzformige Pflaume.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 435. 1889.

_Prune Cordiforme._

=Heupflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 435. 1889.

Reference obtained by Mathieu in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 288. 1884.

=Hiawatha.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:41. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 152. 1901.

Introduced by C. W. H. Heideman, New Ulm, Minnesota, as an example of a staminate-flowered plum; rarely productive. Fruit very large, roundish-oblong, purplish-red; clingstone; early.

=Highland.= Domestica. =1.= _Cal. State Bd. Hort. Rpt._ =8=:47. 1897.

A seedling of Agen, grown by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, California. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, long-oval, purplish-crimson; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; flavor excellent; stone nearly free.

=Highlander.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 384. 1857.

Fruit large, irregularly ovate, deep blue; bloom thin; dots brown, numerous; yellow, juicy, vinous; semi-clinging; late.

=Hilda No. 5.= Hortulana mineri ×? =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:274. 1900.

Originated under cultivation with J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Iowa, in 1894, from seed of Miner pollinated by a wild plum; not introduced. Fruit above medium size, dark red; used for jellies.

=Hillside.= Americana. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 128. 1890.

Selected from wild plants by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Fruit of medium size; skin thick, deep red, astringent.

=Hilltop.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:42. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 152. 1901.

Fruit small, round-oval; suture a line; skin deep red; dots very minute; thick bloom; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone large, half-free.

=Hilman.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:13. 1901.

Fruit small, oblong; skin yellow, two-thirds covered with purple; dots conspicuous; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; stone small, oval; mid-season.

=Hinkley.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry and introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, yellow with a red cheek; flesh yellow, rich, sweet, semi-clinging; good.

=Hlubeck Aprikosenpflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 435. 1889.

=Hoag’s Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =8=:356. 1889.

Received for testing at the New York Experiment Station in 1889.

=Hoffman.= Munsoniana? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:63. 1892. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 492. 1897.

A wild variety from southwestern Missouri. Fruit of medium size, roundish, purplish-red; mid-season.

=Hofinger Mirabelle.= Insititia. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 435. 1889.

_Hofinger’s Rote Mirabelle._ _Roter Spilling_ incor.

=Hog.=

A common name variously applied to _P. americana_, _P. umbellata_, _P. hortulana_ and _P. gracilis_.

=Holland.= Domestica. =1.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 239. 1817. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:78. 1832. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 301. 1845. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 435. 1885.

_Blue Holland_ 2, 3, 4. _Holland Plum_ 1, 3. _Holland Prune_ 4. _Kensington Prune_ 2. _Large Holland_ 2, 3.

An old variety supposed to have been brought into this country from Holland by the early Dutch settlers. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit roundish, slightly compressed, blue; stem very adherent; flesh juicy, melting, sweet, rich; freestone; mid-season.

=Holland.= Triflora × Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:14. 1898. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 215. 1901.

A cross between Lone Star and Kelsey, grown by D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates in 1897. Fruit resembles Abundance in shape and size; yellowish-green splashed with red; flesh firm, juicy, vinous; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Holister.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 275. 1893. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 185. 1901.

_Holister_ 1.

A variety said to have originated with a Mr. Holister of Cedar County, Iowa. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblong; cavity shallow; suture faint; clear bright red; flesh soft, yellow, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Holman Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Sarcoxie Nur. Cat._ 1892. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:52. 1900.

A seedling grown by D. S. Holman, Springfield, Maine. Fruit of medium size, oblong, pointed; greenish-yellow; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, juicy; stone small, pointed, free; mid-season.

=Holme.= Domestica. =1.= _Peachland Nur. Cat._

Holmes Early Blue 1.

Introduced by J. Van Lindley, Pomona, North Carolina. Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, dark blue; good; early.

=Holt.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 392. 1891. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:37. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 152. 1901.

Originated with B. J. Holt of Rutland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit large, roundish, yellow shaded with red; flesh yellow, melting, juicy, mild subacid; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Homestead.= Americana. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 128. 1890. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:42. 1897.

Originated with H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Fruit small, round, deep red; skin not at all adherent; flavor rich, somewhat resembling a peach; stone small, free.

=Honey.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:13. 1901. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 153. 1901.

Tree unproductive; fruit small, oblate; cavity shallow; suture a line; yellow washed and shaded with red; flesh sweet; quality fair; clingstone; early.

=Honey Julian.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831.

=Hoo Green Gage.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831.

=Hoosier.= Hortulana. =1.= _Sarcoxie Nur. Cat._ 1900.

From Greene County, Missouri; introduced by Wild Brothers Nursery. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit above medium size, roundish; suture a line; dark cherry-red; bloom thin; dots distinct; flesh yellow; good; clingstone; late.

=Horemoritzer Reine Claude.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 435. 1889.

Reference found by Mathieu in _Pomologische Monatshefte_ 33. 1889.

=Horrigan.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ =43=:38. 1903.

Mentioned as being tested.

=Horse.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ 62. 1771. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:87. 1832. =4.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 263. 1832. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 301. 1845. =6.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 303. 1846. =7.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:335. 1899.

_Early Damson_ 3. _Horse Plum_ 3, 4. _Irish Horse Plum_ 2. Large Early Damson 3. _Large Early Damson_ 5. Large Sweet Damson 4. _Prune de Cheval_ 1. Ros-pruim Double 1. _Sweet Damson_ 3, 5.

Plums from at least two and possibly three species are known as the “Horse Plum.” In New York the Horse Plum used by nurserymen as a stock is undoubtedly _Prunus cerasifera_. The plum referred to by Waugh, in the preceding reference, is a variety of _Prunus domestica_. It is difficult to determine the species referred to by the older writers, but from the frequency with which the word Damson appears as a synonym, it would seem that some at least had in mind _Prunus insititia_.

The Horse plum brought into this country by the early Dutch or French settlers, propagated by seedlings or suckers was probably an Insititia. During the first half of the last century, this plum was extensively raised in this State and large quantities were sold in the New York market. It is described as follows:—

Fruit of medium size, oval; suture distinct; reddish-purple; flesh greenish, firm, sweet, dry; poor; usually freestone; mid-season.

=Horse Jag.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:164. 1843.

_Horse Gage_ 1, 2.

Fruit small, round or slightly oval, red; stone clinging; mid-season.

=Hoskins.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:42. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 110. 1899. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:275. 1900.

Originated by a Mr. Hoskins of Pleasant Plain, Jefferson County, Iowa; and introduced by J. Wragg and Sons, Waukee, Iowa, in 1899. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, yellow; skin thin, tough; freestone; mid-season.

=Houston County.= Species? Mentioned in _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892.

=How Amber.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:398, 399 fig. 1846. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 419. 1854. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 384. 1857.

How’s Amber 1, 2, 3.

A seedling selected from several hundred brought from New Hampshire and grown by Hall J. How of South Boston in 1838. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, round; suture shallow; amber, spotted and mottled with rose; flesh coarsely veined, yellow, melting, juicy, rich; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Howard.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =1=:316. 1853. =2.= _Ibid._ =3=:20. 1855. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:185. 1873.

Howard’s Favorite 1, 2. _Howard’s Favorite_ 3. _Favorite d’Howard_ 3.

A seedling of unknown parentage produced by Elisha Dorr, Albany, New York. Fruit large, necked, yellow, dotted and shaded with carmine; stem very adherent; skin thick; flesh coarse, sweet, rich; clingstone; mid-season.

=Howe.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 248. 1903. =2.= Griffing Bros. _Cat._ 1906. =3.= _Ibid._ 1909.

Stumpe 3. _Stumpy_ 1.

A seedling of Kelsey grown in the yard of a Mrs. Stumpe, Putnam County, Florida; introduced by Griffing Brothers in 1906. Fruit large, roundish, red; bloom delicate; suture a line; skin thin, leathery; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; good; stone small, oval, clinging; early.

=Howell.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 302. 1845. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =7=:402. 1852. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 921. 1869.

_Chapin’s Early_ 3. _Early Purple_ 2, 3. Howell’s Early 1. Sea 2. _Sea_ 3.

This variety derives its name from B. Howell of Newburgh, New York, who brought the original tree from Virginia as a sucker. It was supposed to have been introduced into the Southern States by cions from Germany. Tree of slow growth; fruit below medium, oval; suture indistinct; red; flesh juicy, rich, sweet; good; freestone; very early.

=Hoyo Smomo.= Triflora. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:23. 1894.

A name used by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana; probably a synonym.

=H. T. S. 84,761.= Species? =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =61=:674. 1902.

One of Burbank’s plums. Fruit large, yellow with crimson blush; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, vinous, juicy; clingstone; a good shipper.

=Huankume.= Triflora. =1.= _N. Mex. Sta. Bul._ =39=:122. 1901.

Reported from New Mexico as weak in growth; fruit small, roundish, downy; yellowish-red; slightly acid; clingstone; resembles the apricot in flavor and appearance.

=Hudson Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 277. 1845. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 365. 1866. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 364. 1895.

Hudson 2. _Hudson_ 3. _Hudson Gage_ 2, 3. _Hudson’s gelbe Frühpflaume_ 3. Reine-Claude d’Hudson 3.

Hudson Gage is one of several good varieties originated by L. V. Lawrence of Hudson New York. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture slight; yellow, obscurely streaked with green; bloom thin; flesh greenish, juicy, melting, sprightly; good; freestone; early; placed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1877.

=Hughes.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 166. 1885. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 195-6. 1901. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:275. 1904.

Originated in northeastern Mississippi where it is said to be one of the best of its species. Fruit of medium size, roundish; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; suture a line; bright red, striped with yellow; dots large, white; skin thin; flesh yellow, fibrous, watery, sprightly, subacid quality fair; stone of medium size, turgid, clinging; late.

=Hungarian Musk Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 158, 363. 1895. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 432. 1905.

_Basilic_ 1. _Musquée de Besztercze_ 1. _Proune bissioque_ (Roumanie) 1. Quetsche musquée de Hongrie 1.

Hungarian Musk Prune is very similar to the German Prune; fruit of medium size, necked; cavity small; suture shallow; deep purple; bloom thick; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, musky, aromatic; stone small, free; mid-season.

=Hungarian No. 1.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =31=:349. 1895.

J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station received this plum from Europe with sprouts of his Ungarish. Fruit of medium size, prune-shape, bright yellow; freestone.

=Hungarian No. 2.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890.

Imported by J. L. Budd from Russia; of little value.

=Hunn.= Triflora. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =139=:43. 1897. =2.= _Ibid._ =175=:147. 1899.

_Burbank No. 1_ 1, 2.

A small, round plum named for C. E. Hunn of the New York State College of Agriculture; apex pointed; suture shallow; deep red; dots many, yellow; flesh soft, yellow, aromatic; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Hunt.= Munsoniana × Americana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 78. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:275. 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 153. 1901.

Originated about 1880 by Henry Hunt, De Soto, Dallas County, Iowa, from seed of Wild Goose probably pollinated by the De Soto, trees of which stood near. It was supposed at one time that Lombard was the male parent but no traces of Domestica blood can be detected in either tree or fruit; introduced in 1897 by M. J. Graham, Odel, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; dark red; bloom heavy; dots large, conspicuous; skin thin, not astringent; flesh yellow, firm, mild; quality fair; stone large, ovate, winged.

=Hunt De Soto.= Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:20. 1905.

Hunt’s De Soto 1.

Introduced by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station; closely resembles De Soto, differing from it in being a little larger, darker red and a better keeper.

=Ida.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:38. 1892. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:37. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 153. 1901.

Originated with D. B. Wier of Illinois. Tree very thorny, of slow, irregular growth; fruit medium, roundish-oblong; cavity shallow; stem medium, stout, dull; red over yellow; bloom thick; skin thick; flesh pale yellow; quality fair; stone roundish, rather flat, clinging; mid-season.

=Ida Green Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 212. 1849.

A seedling of Reine Claude originating near Mount Ida, New York. It very closely resembles its parent except that it is more strongly blushed and is a few days later; obsolete.

=Idall.= Munsoniana × Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:56. 1892. =2.= _Am. Gard._ =19=:234. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 173. 1901.

_Idal_ 2. Idol 1. _Idol_ 1, 2.

According to the originator, D. B. Wier, of Illinois, the Idall is a cross between Wild Goose and Miner. Fruit large, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; red; dots many; skin tough; flesh yellow; good; stone of medium size, oval, clinging; late.

=Imperial.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:276. 1900.

A small plum of the De Soto type brought to notice by C. B. Ginrich, Laporte, Iowa. Fruit round, conical; cavity broad, deep; suture a line; yellow with red markings; bloom thin; flesh clear yellow, firm, brisk, acid; good; clingstone.

=Impériale Alexandrina.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 436. 1889.

=Impériale de Milan.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 365. 1866. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:67. 1866-73.

_Mailändische Kaiserpflaume_ 3. _Prune de Milan_ 2, 3.

Originated near the city of Milan, Italy. Tree large, vigorous, spreading; fruit medium, oval; suture distinct; stem short, rather thick; skin tough, dark purple; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; good; usually freestone; mid-season.

=Imperial Ottoman.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =1=:11 fig. 1846. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 413. 1854. =4.= Mas =Pom. Gen.= =2=:137. 1873. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 442. 1889.

Impériale de Turquie 4. _Impériale Ottomane_ 5. _Imperial Ottoman_ 3, 4, 5. Ottoman 3. Ottomanische Kaiserpflaume 5. _Ottomanische Kaiserpflaume_ 4. _Türkische Gelbe Pflaume_ 5.

Supposed to have been brought into this country from Turkey by William Prince. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, roundish-oval; suture indistinct; stem of medium length, slender; greenish-yellow, clouded and mottled with darker shades; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, pleasant; good; clingstone; very early.

=Imperial Purple.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 923. 1869. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:45. 1873.

_Imperial Purple_ 2. Pourprée Impérial 2.

Raised by William Prince, Flushing, Long Island. Tree vigorous, productive, fruit medium in size, roundish-oval; suture barely indicated; stem of medium length, slender; intense purple; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet; clingstone; mid-season.

=Imperial Violet.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:99. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:33, Tab. 181 fig. 1. 1796. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:60. 1832. =4.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:497. 1860.

Die violete Kaiserpflaume mit scheckichten Blattern 2. Impériale à Petit Fruit Violet 4. Impériale Violette à feuilles panachees 1. _Impériale violette à feuilles panachees_ 2, 3.

A variety with variegated leaves and fruit, cultivated as an ornamental.

=Imperial Washington.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =25=:204. 1870.

A seedling of Lombard grown by G. P. Peffer of Pewaukee, Wisconsin. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, roundish, slightly oblate; suture faint; cavity lacking or small; brownish-red; dots yellow; skin thin, tender; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, rich; late.

=Improved French Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Coates _Cat._ 1908.

_Miller_ 1.

A seedling of Agen grown by Luther Burbank and sold in 1898 under the name Miller to Leonard Coates, Morganhill, California, who introduced it under the name given above about 1908. Very similar to its parent but larger and more uniform in size.

=Incomparable.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 924. 1869. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

_Incomparable_ 2. _Incomparable Prune_ 1. _Nonpareil_ 1, 2. _Unvergleichliche_ 2.

Probably a seedling of the German Prune. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, long-oval; suture shallow; cavity small; deep purplish-black; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, sweet; good; clingstone; late.

=Indian.= Domestica. =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:36, Tab. 186 fig. 1. 1796.

Die grosse indianische braunrothe Pflaume 1. _Grosse prune d’Inde rouge_ 1.

Fruit large, obovate, brownish-red; suture distinct; flesh yellow, firm; good; obsolete.

=Indiana.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Rpt._ 111. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:56, 86. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 173. 1901.

_Indiana Red_ 3. Indiana Red 1, 2.

Supposed to have been found wild in Indiana; introduced by Dr. I. Cramer. Tree tender in severe climates; fruit medium in size, oval; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture a line; red; bloom thin; dots minute, small; flesh yellow, firm; quality fair; stone large; oval, clinging; season late.

=Indian Chief.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 36. 1875. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:49, 86. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 186. 1901.

A southern variety of which the place of origin is not certainly known; Munson says southern Texas, Onderdonk thinks Georgia, others consider Arkansas as its birthplace. Tree vasiform, open; leaves short, broad, finely serrate; petiole short, glandular; fruit of medium size, oval; stem short, slender; cavity shallow; suture a line; dots numerous, white; bright red; skin thick; flesh yellow, melting, insipid; poor; stone long-oval, flattened, clinging; early.

=Inkpa.= Americana × Simonii. _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

Inkpa is a cross between _Prunus simonii_ and _Prunus americana_ made by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station, who introduced the variety in 1910.

=Iola.= Species? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892.

Originated by D. B. Wier, Illinois. Fruit large, oblong, yellow covered with red; flesh firm; freestone; late.

=Iona.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:39. 1892. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 490. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 153. 1901.

Originated with D. B. Wier, from seed taken from a wild bush in southwestern Wisconsin. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; quality fair; freestone; late.

=Iowa.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:43. 1897. =2.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 411. 1899. =3.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:20. 1905. From Allamakee County, Iowa. Fruit medium, oval; red over yellow; skin astringent; early.

=Iowa Beauty.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1898. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 111. 1899. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:276. 1900.

Taken from the woods about 1860 by Hugo Beyer, New London, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, oval, mottled yellow; flesh melting, juicy, sweet; good; early.

=Irby.= Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:284. 1898. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 181. 1901. =3.= Tex. Nur. _Cat._ 1907.

_Erby September_ 1, 2. Irby September 3.

Found by Dan Irby of Texas growing on the grounds of an old Indian settlement. Fruit of medium size, bright red; late; similar to Wayland.

=Ireland.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =21=:391. 1898. Ireland’s Seedling 1.

Fruit of medium size, dark blue; stem slender; cavity deep; suture distinct; flesh green, tender, juicy; good; early.

=Ireland Golden.= Domestica. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ =3=:120. 1896.

Ireland’s Golden Gage 1.

Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; good; early.

=Irene.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 154. 1901.

Originated by D. B. Wier, Illinois. Fruit of medium size, oval; bright red; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm; clingstone; late.

=Iris.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:56. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 173. 1901.

Originated and introduced by D. B. Wier of Illinois. Fruit medium in size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; red; bloom thin; flesh yellow; poor; clingstone; late.

=Ironclad.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:38. 1892. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:275. 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 154. 1901.

Illinois Ironclad 1, 2. _Illinois Ironclad_ 3.

A wild variety from Illinois introduced by Stark Brothers in 1890. Tree dwarf; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; stem slender; cavity of medium depth, flaring; suture shallow; dots many, small, yellow; dark red; bloom thick; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm, meaty, sweet; quality fair; stone oval, smooth, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Iroquois.= Hortulana mineri? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:39. 1903.

From Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit of medium size, roundish-heart-shaped; cavity narrow; suture a line; dark red; dots numerous, small, yellow; bloom thin; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone oval, slightly flattened, clinging.

=Isaac.= Americana. =1.= Kerr Cat. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 154. 1901.

Brought to notice by M. S. Hubbell from a wild tree near Lincoln, Nebraska. Fruit small, roundish, red over a green ground; clingstone.

=Isabella.= Domestica. =1.= _Pom. Mag._ =3=:150. 1830. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 305. 1845. =3.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:93, Pl. 1858. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 366. 1866. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 436. 1889.

Die Isabelle 5. _Prune Isabelle_ 3.

An English variety popular sixty-five years ago; said to produce three crops a year. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; deep, dull red, paler in the shade; dots many, dark colored; flesh yellow, rich, juicy, brisk; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Isabella.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat_. 1900. =2.= Terry _Cat_. 1900

Originated with H. A. Terry, Iowa, in 1893. Tree low, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; dark red on a yellow ground; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Isle-Verte.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 70. 1699. =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:107. 1768. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:94. 1832. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:39. 1873.

_Grosse Grüne Pflaume_ 4. _Grüne Inselpflaume_ 4. _Ilevert_ 2, 4. _Ile Vert_ 3. _Ile verte_ 3. _Ille verte_ 3. Illvert 1. _Inselpflaume Grüne_ 4. _Isle Vert_ 3. Isle Verte 2. _Prune de Savoye_ 3. _Prune Ileverte_ 4. _Savoy_ 3.

Tree very prolific; fruit of medium size, oval; suture a line; stem of medium length; skin yellowish-green, reddish on the sunny side; flesh clear yellow, juicy, sweet; clingstone; used for preserves and pickles.

=Italian Damask.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb._ Fr. =2=:75. 1768. =2.= _Kraft Pom. Aust._ =2=:42, Tab. 195 fig. 1. 1796. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:83. 1832. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 302. 1845. =5.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ 1846. =6.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 366. 1866. =7.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 353. 1895.

Damas d’Italie 1, 7. _Damas d’Italie_ 2, 3, 4, 6. Die wälsche Damascenerpflaume 2. Prune Damas d’Italie 5. _Prunus italica_ 5.

Supposed to have originated in Italy. Tree productive, doing especially well in the South; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture distinct; dark purple; bloom heavy; dots small, light; flesh yellowish-green, juicy, firm, sweet; good; stone thick, free; mid-season.

=Italienische Damascene= (Diel’s). Species? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 436. 1889.

_Damas d’Italie._

=Italienische Damascene= (Liegel’s). Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 436. 1889.

_Damas d’Italie._

=Itasca.= Nigra. =1.= _Mich. Sta. An. Rpt._ 111. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:39. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 171. 1901.

Itaska 1, 2.

An inferior variety from Minnesota; introduced by P. M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minnesota, and W. F. Heikes, Huntsville, Alabama. Tree dense and stocky; fruit of medium size, oblong, dull purple-red; skin thick; flesh firm; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Ithaca.= Species? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892.

Supposed to have originated with Peter M. Gideon, Minnesota.

=Ivason.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat_. 1897.

From Iowa. Tree vigorous; fruit large, roundish, purplish-red; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Ives.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =15=:118. 1849. =2.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 211. 1849. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 214. 1856. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 924. 1869.

_Ive’s Seedling_ 1, 4. _Ive’s Washington_ 4. Ives’ Washington Seedling 3. Washington Seedling 2.

A seedling of Washington raised by J. M. Ives of Salem, Massachusetts; named by C. M. Hovey; first fruited in 1845. Tree very vigorous; fruit large, roundish-oblong; distinct suture; skin yellow, mottled and dotted with red; bloom thin; stem short and slender; flesh amber, melting, rich; excellent; stone medium, ovate, free.

=Ives.= Insititia. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =14=:148. 1893.

Ives Damson 1.

Grown locally in southern Connecticut. Tree productive; fruit purple, sour; clingstone; unusually late.

=J. H. Rue.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:43. 1897.

First noted by J. L. Budd of Iowa. Tree productive; fruit the size of Stoddard; flesh firm.

=J. Parks.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 420. 1905.

Fruit small, light red; flesh meaty, firm; good; freestone; not troubled with rot.

=Jacinthe.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:100, Pl. XVI. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:28, Tab. 173 fig. 2. 1796. =3.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 238. 1817. =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:94. 1832. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:123. 1866-73.

Die Hyacinthenpflaume 2. _Hyacinth_ 4. _Hyacinthe Pflaume_ 5. Jacinthe 2. _Prune Jacinthe_ 5.

An old variety imported from England by William Coxe. Fruit large, elongated; suture indistinct; clear purple; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; good; stone oval, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Jacob.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 925. 1869.

Described only by Downing. Fruit of medium size, oval, necked, sides unequal; suture large; violet; flesh greenish, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Jap No. 4.= Americana × Triflora. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:276. 1900. =2.= _Ibid._ =114=:138. 1910.

Japan Hybrid No. 4 2.

A seedling from De Soto pollinated with some Japanese variety; sent out by the Iowa Experiment Station about 1895. Fruit of medium size, long-oval; suture distinct; mottled red over a yellow ground; dots none; skin thin, tender; flesh yellow, sweet; good; freestone.

=Japan No. 1.= Americana × Triflora. =1.= Kerr _Cat_. 1899.

A hybrid grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa.

=Japan No. 3.= Americana × Triflora. =1.= Kerr _Cat_. 1899.

Another of Mr. Terry’s hybrids.

=Japan Hybrid No. 2.= (a). Americana × Triflora. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =114=:137. 1910.

One of a number of hybrids produced by the late J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station. This one is of the Americana type; fruit medium in size, oval, dark red over yellow; flesh yellow, tender, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Japan Hybrid No. 2= (b). Americana × Triflora. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =114=:138. 1910.

From the same lot of hybrids as Japan Hybrid No. 2 (a). Fruit resembles _Prunus americana_; large, oval, red over yellow; skin thick, tough, bitter; flesh juicy, coarse, pulpy, sweet; fair in quality; mid-season.

=Japanese Plum Seedling.= Triflora. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =14=:515. 1893.

A seedling from Luther Burbank produced by pollinating Kelsey with Satsuma. Outwardly resembles Kelsey; flesh red, pleasant, juicy, meaty; vinous; stone small, clinging.

=Jaspisartige Pflaume.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 436. 1889.

_Lieflandische Grüne Zwetsche._ _Weisse Violen Pflaume_.

=Jaune d’Este.= Domestica. =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 186. 1872.

Jean d’Este 1.

An old variety deserving of notice because of its earliness.

=Jaune Tardive.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d. Ser =3=:53. 1900. =2.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 491. 1908.

Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, oval, amber-yellow; flesh sweet; good.

=Jaune Tres Hâtive Baboud.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:52. 1900.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit below medium, oval; suture shallow; cavity small; clear yellow; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; freestone; very early.

=Jean Morceau.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831.

A variety grown at one time in the London Horticultural Society gardens.

=Jennie Lucas.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 160, 162. 1881. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 196. 1901. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905.

Jennie Lucas is a seedling grown by G. Onderdonk, Mission Valley Nurseries, Victoria County, Texas; introduced by the originator in 1875. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity shallow; suture a line; dots numerous, large, white; light yellow; skin thin; flesh yellow, soft, sweetish; quality fair; stone large, round, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Jerusalem.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 27. 1828. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:95. 1832. =3.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1.= 1846. =4.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:497. 1860. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 926. 1869. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 433. 1889. =7.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 471. 1894. =8.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 367. 1895.

_Blaue Eierpflaume_ 6, 8. _De Bordeaux_ 1, 2, 5. _De Jerusalem_ 4. _Jerusalem_ 6. _Oeil de Boeuf_ 1, 2, 4, 5. _Oeuil-de-Boeuf_ 6. _Prune de Bordeaux_ 6. _Prune de Jerusalem_ 3. _Prune Violet de Jerusalem_ 5. _Prunier de Jerusalem_ 2, 5, 6. _Violette de Jerusalem_ 6. _Violette Jerusalem_ 5. Violette Jerusalems pflaume 6. _Violette Jerusalemspflaume_ 7. _Wahre blaue Eierpflaume_ 6, 8.

The tree and fruit of this variety resemble the German Prune of which it is probably an offspring. Fruit large, oval; suture a line; dark purple; flesh yellowish, prune-like, firm, sweet; good; stone long, flat, free; mid-season.

=Jessie.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 263. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 154. 1901.

A seedling introduced from the wild by the Martin Nursery Company, Winfield, Kansas, about 1892. Tree productive, vigorous, suckers badly; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; wine-red; flesh yellow, melting, fibrous, slightly subacid; good; clingstone; early.

=Jewell.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:14. 1901. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 186. 1901.

A seedling of Wild Goose from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1885. Fruit of medium size, round; cavity shallow; suture indistinct; red over a yellow ground; bloom light; dots numerous; skin thin, not adherent to the pulp; flesh yellow, tender; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Jodoigne.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 367. 1866. =2.= _Ibid._ 708. 1884. =3.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 472. 1894.

_Boulouf_ ?1. Jodoigne Green Gage 1, 2. _Reine-Claude de Jodoigne_ 1, 2. Reine-Claude von Jodoigne 3. _Royal de Vilvorde_ 1, 2.

Probably a Reine Claude seedling; tree large, vigorous; shoots smooth; fruit large, round, inclining to oblate, greenish-yellow, with brownish-red cheek; suture shallow; flesh whitish-yellow, firm, juicy, tender, sweet, rich; mid-season.

=Joe Hooker.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:38. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 154. 1901.

Tree dwarfish; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; suture faint; red on a yellow ground; skin thick; flesh yellow; clingstone; late.

=John A.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 137. 1894. =2.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 72. 1894. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:276. 1900.

A cross between Evelyn and Italian Prune; originated with Richard Trotter, Owen Sound, Ontario. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval or egg-shape; cavity narrow; bronze-red; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, subacid; stone large; clinging; hangs well.

=Johnny Roe.= Domestica. =1.= _Garden_ =53=:263. 1898.

An English variety propagated from suckers in Nottinghamshire.

=Jones.= Americana? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 334. 1894. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:277. 1900.

Originated in 1880 with Mrs. Owen Jones, Crescent, Iowa, who planted the pits from a quart of “California plums” she had purchased; introduced by H. A. Terry about 1895. Tree upright, spreading, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture indistinct; dark red; bloom light; skin thick, tender; flesh firm, meaty; quality fair; stone smooth, not margined; clinging; mid-season.

=Jones Late.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:43. 1897.

Introduced by H. A. Terry. Tree productive; fruit large, oval, red; flesh firm; clingstone.

=Jordan Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =14=:329. 1891.

Supposed to be a seedling of Yellow Egg; originated with F. Jordan of Goderich, Ontario. The variety resembles Hulings so closely as to be almost indistinguishable.

=Judson.= Domestica. =1.= Thomas _Am. Fr. Cult._ 342. 1849. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 427. 1854.

Originated in Lansingburgh, New York, some time in the early “forties.” Fruit small, roundish; suture indistinct; cavity small; attractive pink; flesh juicy, rich, vinous; quality high; freestone; season just before Reine Claude.

=Julia.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:277. 1900. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

_Edith_ of Terry 1.

A seedling from H. A. Terry in 1896. Tree productive; fruit large, round, yellow striped with light red; flesh firm; clingstone; mid-season.

=Julian.= Triflora. Noted in Sweet _Cat._ 1907.

=Julien Gros á Feuilles Panachees.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831.

=July Fourth.= Domestica? × Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =59=:655 fig. 1900.

A second generation seedling from Luther Burbank; said to rank very high in quality.

=July Green Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ =9=:128. 1865. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 360, 367. 1866. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 926. 1869. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:99. 1873. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889. =6.= _Guide Prat._ 152, 363. 1895.

Bavay’s Early Gage? 1. _Bavay’s Frühe Reine-Claude_ 4, 6. _Early Bavay_ 3, ?5. Early Green Gage? 2. _Frühe Reine-Claude_ 6. Juli Reine-Claude 5. _Julius Reine-Claude_ 5. _July Green Gage_ 4, 5. Reine-Claude Davion 4, 6. _Reine-Claude de Bavay Hâtive_ 2, 3, 4, 6. _Reine-Claude de Juillet_ 6. _Reine-Claude Hâtive_ 5, of some 6. _Reine-Claude Hâtive d’Avion_ 6. _Reine-Claude Hâtive de Bavay_ 6. _Reine-Claude Bavay Hâtive?_ 5.

July Green Gage was introduced into France from Normandy about the middle of the last century by a M. Davion. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; suture slight; stem short; cavity narrow, deep; yellowish-green sometimes spotted with red; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, aromatic, sweet; very good; freestone; very early.

=Jumelles.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 432. 1905.

Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture distinct; greenish streaked with yellow; flesh juicy, sweet, rich; stone small, semi-clinging; early.

=Jumelles de Liegel.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 358. 1895.

_Jumelles de Liegel_ 1. Liegel’s Zwillingspflaume 1. _Liegel’s Zwillingspflaume_ 2.

Tree productive; fruit large, roundish, red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, vinous; good; late.

=Kaga.= Americana × Simonii. =1.= _Circ. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

Introduced in 1910 by the originator, N. E. Hansen, of the South Dakota Experiment Station. It is a cross between _Prunus simonii_ and some Americana.

=Kaiser Wilhelm.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 407. 1881. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ =26=:717. 1886. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 428. 1889.

_Bamberger Eier Pflaume_ 3 incor. _Blaue Eier_ 3 incor. _Dark Blue Egg_ 2. _Dunkelblaue Eierpflaume_ 1. Dunkleblaue Eierpflaume 3. _Liegel’s Marokko?_ 3. _Rodt’s Grosse Früh Pflaumen-Zwetsche_ 3. _Ungarische Blaue Eier_ 3.

A plum very well known in Germany. Tree large, productive; fruit large, oval; skin thick, not adherent, tough, somewhat sour, bluish-black; flesh yellowish, juicy, slightly sweet; clingstone.

=Kampeska.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:38. 1898.

Tree productive, slow and stocky in growth; fruit small to medium, round; stem of medium length, thick; skin thick, purplish-red; bloom heavy; of medium quality; clingstone.

=Kanawha.= Hortulana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 136. 1875. =2.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 24. 1881. =3.= _Rev. Hort._ 535. 1893. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 180, 181. 1901.

_Canawa_ 1. _Peach-leaved_ 2. _Prune Kanawa_ 3. _Rains_ 1.

Introduced by P. J. Berckmans who had received it from J. S. Downer of Kentucky in 1871. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture a line; dots many, white; bright red with a thin bloom; skin firm; flesh firm, meaty, sprightly; good; clingstone; season late; mentioned in the catalogs of the American Pomological Society from 1875 to 1899.

=Kazan.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Rpt._ 111. 1887.

A foreign plum listed by the Michigan Experiment Station.

=Keindt.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 444. 1881.

Keindt’s Frühdamascene 1.

A German variety noted as unproductive on dry soil.

=Keith.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 436. 1888. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:277. 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 155. 1901.

Kieth 3.

Of the De Soto type, from Delaware County, Iowa, previous to 1888. Fruit large, roundish-oblong; cavity shallow; stem short, thick; skin thin; orange overlaid with red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, sweet, not juicy; good to best; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season; does not thrive in the South.

=Kelbalan.= Triflora × Cerasifera. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1899.

Kelsey No. 3.

Grown by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska, from a seed of Kelsey pollinated with Early Cherry. Tree somewhat like Myrobalan; fruit large, roundish-conic, yellow shaded with red; clingstone; good.

=Kelley.= Species? =1.= Van Lindley _Cat._ 1899.

Originated in South Carolina; introduced by R. Bates of Jackson, South Carolina. Tree prolific; fruit medium in size, yellow; good; early.

=Kelmyro.= Triflora × Cerasifera. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1899.

Kelsey No. 1.

From Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska; from seed of Kelsey, pollinated with Early Cherry. Very productive; fruit medium, round, pointed, dark red on a yellow ground; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

=Kelroba.= Triflora × Cerasifera. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1899.

Kelsey No. 2.

The same origin as Kelmyro. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit above medium, round, pointed, yellow overlaid with light red; high flavor; stone small, clinging.

=Kelsaw.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:271. 1901.

An accidental cross between Kelsey and a “Chicasaw;” from A. M. Augustine, West Point, Mississippi. Tree a rapid and thrifty grower. Fruit the size of Abundance, round-oval; stem an inch long; suture shallow; apex rounded; brilliant transparent red; dots minute; bloom thin; skin thin and tough; flesh yellow with pink markings, firm, sweet and rich; good to very good; clingstone; early.

=Kelsey Prune.= Domestica. Mentioned in Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1892.

=Kelso.= Domestica? =1.= Vandevoort _Cat._

Kelso is a yellow plum found about 1870 on the farm of Philip Cline of Sabina, Ohio. Peter Kelso, who afterwards purchased the Cline farm, brought the plum to J. M. Vandevoort, who introduced it about twenty-five years ago.

=Kenellan.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831.

=Kennedy Red.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:53. 1900.

A weak-growing and unproductive variety tested in British Columbia. Fruit small, long-oval; suture distinct; cavity small; dull red with a thin white bloom and golden dots; flesh yellow, sweet, coarse, moderately juicy; pleasant; clingstone; of no value.

=Kent.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 689. 1884. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 424. 1889. =3.= _Garden_ =56=:355. 1899. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:50. 1900.

_Bush_ 1. Bush 2. _Bush Plum of Kent_ 4. _Kentish Bush_ 3. _Waterloo_ 1, 2. _Waterloo of Kent_ 2.

Found in a hedge at Boben, England in 1836. Tree hardy, strong, very productive, fruit large, round; skin dark maroon; flesh firm; flavor fair; fruit keeps three weeks after being gathered; valuable for market.

=Kenyon.= Species? =1.= _Mich. Sta. Rpt._ 111. 1887.

Listed as a native plum being tested at the Michigan Experiment Station.

=Kester Green Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 926. 1869.

Kester’s Green Gage 1.

Originated with a Mr. Weaver of Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania. Fruit small, nearly round, one side enlarged; suture large; pale yellowish-green, splashed with deeper green; bloom thin; stem medium in length; cavity large; flesh greenish, juicy, sweet, rich; very good; semi-clinging.

=Kester Yellow Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 926. 1869.

Kester’s Yellow Gage 1.

Of the same origin as Kester Green Gage. Tree vigorous, upright with smooth branches; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval; suture broad and shallow; light yellow overspread with thick bloom; stem medium; cavity small; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet, rich; very good; semi-clinging.

=Kicab.= Species? =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 45. 1895. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 46. 1897.

A seedling grown by Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale, Illinois. Fruit medium, roundish-oval; skin thick, crimson with dark purplish stripes, covered with thick bloom; dots numerous, variable; flesh yellow, tender, melting, juicy, mild subacid; good to very good; stone large, oval, clinging; early.

=Kickapoo.= Americana. =1.= _Penn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 52. 1892. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:39, 86. 1892. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905.

Tree an open, straggling grower, very productive; fruit of medium size, oblong to oval; cavity medium; stem short to medium, stout; suture faint; dull red mottled with deeper shades; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, firm; good; stone of medium size, clinging; mid-season; recommended for market.

=King.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Jour. Hort._ =5=:148. 1869.

King of Plums 1.

A seedling of the Wild Goose which it closely resembles.

=Kingston.= Domestica. =1.= Ellwanger & Barry _Cat._ 1888-1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 112. 1901.

_Smith’s Prune_ 1.

Kingston closely resembles Diamond; its origin in Ontario, Canada, is about all that distinguishes it.

=Kleine Blaue Frühzwetsche.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889.

=Kleine Gelbe Eierpflaume.= Domestica. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889.

=Kleine Kirschpflaume.= Cerasifera. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889.

_Prunus Cerasifera Fructu Minore._

=Kleine Rosspauke.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889.

Mathieu records this variety as mentioned in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 288. 1884.

=Klondike.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:44. 1897. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 242. 1898. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:277. 1900.

Klondyke 2, 3.

Grown by John Wragg & Sons, Waukee, Iowa, from seed of De Soto; introduced in 1897 by W. F. Heikes, Huntsville, Alabama. Tree productive; fruit medium to small, roundish-oval; cavity narrow, deep; suture a broad line; skin thin, bright yellow shading into red; bloom thin; dots numerous, small; flesh yellowish, sweetish, watery; quality fair; stone small, clinging; early.

=Knudson.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 162. 1891. =2.= _N. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =2=:18. 1891. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:44. 1897.

Kniedsen’s Peach 1. Knudson’s Peach 3. Peach 2.

Grown by H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota. Tree unproductive; fruit drops before ripe; of medium size, roundish, purplish-red; flesh sweet; clingstone; mid-season. Subject to plum-pocket.

=Koa.= Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

Koa’s Imperial.

=Kober.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 228. 1909.

Kober originated with N. K. Fluke, Davenport, Iowa. Fruit large, mottled and blushed with red; bloom rather thick; flesh moderately firm, sweetish; fair in quality; clingstone; mid-season.

=Koch Königspflaume.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889.

_Karl Koch’s Königs Pflaume. Royale de Koch. Royale du Dr. Koch._

=Koch Späte Damascene.= Domestica. =1.= _Mas Pom. Gen._ =2=:161. 1873. =2.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 403. 1881. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889.

_Damas Jaune Tardif de Koch_ 3. Damas Tardif de Kock 1. _Koch’s Gelbe Spät Damascene_ 3. _Koch’s Späte Aprikosen_ 3. _Koch’s Späte Damascene_ 2. Koch’s Späte Damascene 3.

Liegel grew this variety from seed of Bricette and dedicated it to Koch, secretary of a horticultural society at Gotha. Tree medium, round-topped; fruit below medium, roundish-oval; suture a line; cavity shallow; stem short, slender, glabrous; skin free, yellow spotted with red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, fine, firm, juicy, sweet, rich; freestone; late.

=Koepher.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =10=:18. 1868.

Noted as productive and free from curculio.

=Kohlenkamp.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =2=:313. 1860. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 122. 1860.

Kohlen Kamp 1.

A seedling raised by W. Kohlenkamp, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit borne in clusters, large, oval; stem short; cavity deep; reddish; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, dry; good; freestone; late.

=Kopp.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 441. 1889. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:39. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 155. 1901.

Introduced by O. M. Lord, Minnesota City, Minnesota. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, round; skin thick; purplish-red; flesh firm, sweet; clingstone; mid-season.

=Korai.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 26. 1894. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 176. 1895.

_Quetsche_ 1, 2.

Received from Hungary by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1893. Tree vigorous; fruit below medium, oblong-ovate; sides unequal; skin thick, tough; purple with numerous small, brown dots; flesh yellowish-green, coarse, melting; subacid; good; stone of medium size, narrow, pointed, clinging; mid-season.

=Kroos-Pruim.= Species? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:58. 1761.

Originated in Holland. Fruit of varying colors and sizes, round; insipid, watery. Propagated by pits. Useful only as a stock.

=Kume.= Triflora. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =12=:449. 1891.

An early variety.

=Lachine.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:38. 1903.

Similar to Yellow Egg; hardy; productive; good; clingstone.

=Lady.= Insititia. =1.= _Cultivator_ =3=:20. 1855.

Lady Plum 1.

A seedling of Mirabelle from Isaac Denniston, Albany, New York. Tree slender, vigorous, productive; fruit small, oval; stem short, stout; light yellow, with red spots; stone small, free; mid-season.

=Lakeside No. 1= and =No. 2.= Hortulana. Letter from Kerr.

Two seedlings from Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska.

=Lallinger Königspflaume.= Domestica. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 438. 1889.

=Lambert.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:53. 1900.

Labert 1. _Labert’s Red_ 1. _Lambert’s Red_ 2.

A seedling from Ontario, Canada. Tree weak; foliage poor; fruit small, heart-shaped; stem short; cavity lacking; suture a line; reddish; bloom thin; flesh reddish-orange, juicy; poor; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

=Lammas.= Domestica. =1.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1529. 1688. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831.

Mentioned by Ray as being one of the best sorts of his time.

=Lancaster.= Munsoniana × Hortulana mineri? =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 186. 1901.

Grown by Charles B. Camp of Cheney, Nebraska, from a seed of Wild Goose supposed to have been crossed with Miner.

=Lang.= Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:21. 1905.

_Rang_ 1.

Sent to the South Dakota Station by C. W. H. Heideman of Minnesota. Tree vigorous, straggling in growth; fruit large, yellowish; skin thin; flesh sweet, juicy; good; stone small; keeps well; mid-season.

=Langdon.= Domestic. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:461 fig. 36. 1853. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 386. 1857. =3.= _Ibid._ 927. 1869.

Langdon’s Seedling 2. _Langdon’s Seedling_ 3.

Originated with Reuben Langdon of Hartford, Connecticut; believed to be a seedling of Washington. Tree vigorous, spreading; shoots strong, smooth; leaves large; fruit large, roundish-oval; suture a line; purplish-red to light green in the shade with some mottling; bloom thick; dots small; stem of medium length, stout, hairy; cavity deep; flesh yellow, melting, juicy, sweet, acid next to the skin; semi-clinging; early.

=Lange Violette Damascene.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 438. 1889.

_Blaue Damascenerin._ _Damas Violet?_. _Damas Violet Allonge._ _Damas Violet Longuet._ _Das Blaue Auge._ _Langliche Blaue Damascene?_. _The Great Damask Plum._

=Langsdon.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Am. Jour. Hort._ =5=:144. 1869. =2.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 418. 1883. =3.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:56. 1892.

_Illinois Plum_ 1. _Langdon_ 2.

Grown in Illinois previous to 1869. Tree medium in vigor; leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, pointed, with small glands; fruit small, roundish-oblong, light red; bloom thin; skin thick; flesh firm; quality fair; stone clinging, small, nearly smooth, turgid, short, pointed; mid-season or later.

=Lannix.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 45. 1895. =2.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:15. 1898.

Supposed to have been produced from Abundance crossed with Wild Goose. Leaves large, oval, pointed, leathery; petiole short, stout, usually glandless; fruit oval, of medium size, coppery-red; bloom light; skin thin, tough, bitter; flesh yellowish, translucent, tender, juicy, slightly fibrous, mild subacid, rich, slightly bitter at the center; good; stone large, oval, clinging.

=La Prairie.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:44. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 155. 1901.

Taken from the woods about 1844 at Shopiere, Wisconsin; brought to notice by B. H. Smith. Tree productive; fruit large, golden, slightly astringent.

=Large English Damson.= Insititia. Mentioned in _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:51. 1900.

=Large Golden Prolific.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:53. 1900. =2.= Albertson & Hobbs Cat. 1904. =3.= Stone & Wellington _Cat._ 1907.

_Vail’s Seedling_ 3.

Originated in Canada; a seedling of Yellow Egg. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit above medium size, oblong, golden-yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; early.

=Large Green Drying.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:94. 1840. =3.= Thompson _Gard. Ass’t_ 518. 1859. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 927. 1869. =5.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =2=:191. 1873. =6.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 366. 1895.

_Grosse à sécher de Knight_ 6. _Knight’s Green Drying_ 5, 6. _Knight’s Large Drying_ 4, 6. _Knight’s Large Green Drying_ 3. _Large Green Drying_ 6. Verte à Secher de Knight 5, 6.

Raised by Thomas Knight; first fruited in 1838. Fruit large, round; suture shallow; greenish-yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, firm, medium juicy, sweet and well flavored; excellent for dessert; clingstone; mid-season.

=Large Queen.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 26. 1894. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 176. 1895.

Imported from Hungary by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1893 and fruited by E. C. Hoskins of Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate, dark wine color; bloom light; dots many, conspicuous; skin thick; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, mild subacid; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Large Sugar Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Koch _Deut. Obst._ 572. 1876. =2.= Lange _Allgem. Garten._ =2=:421. 1879. =3.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 440. 1881. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 434. 1889.

_Ananas Zwetsche_ 4 incor. _Bely Zwetsche_ 4. _Blaue Eier Pflaume_ 4. Dörell’s Grosse Ungarische Pflaume 4. Grosse Zuckerzwetsche 3, 4. _Herrenhäuser Blaue Eier Pflaume_ 4. _Jacobi Zwetsche_ 4. _Kladrauer Pflaume_ 4. _Quetsche Sucree_ 4.

An early German prune used for table, market and drying. Tree large, broad-headed, productive; shoots pubescent, straight, dark brown; fruit large, oval, sometimes ovate; suture shallow; sides unequal; stem long, glabrous; skin free, sour, bluish-black; bloom thick; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, rich, sweet; freestone.

=Large White Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:72, Pl. 3 fig. 2. 1768. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:88. 1832. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 952. 1869. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 709. 1884. =5.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 357. 1895.

_Damas Blanc_ 3, 4. _Damas Blanc Gros_ 2, 3. _Damas Blanc Hâtif Gros_ 3, 4. _Damas Blanc Tres Hâtif_ 4. _Damas Gros Blanc_ 5. _Gros Damas Blanc_ 2, 4. Gros Damas Blanc 1, 5. Large White Damask 4. _Large White Damask_ 2. White Damask 3.

Probably of French origin; resembles the Small White Damson closely but is larger and longer. Branches smooth; fruit below medium, roundish-oval, greenish-yellow; bloom thin; flesh medium in sweetness and flavor; adapted for cooking; freestone; late.

=Late Black Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 70. 1699. =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:73. 1768. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:89. 1832. =4.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:495. 1860.

_Black Damson_ 3. _Damas Noir_ 3. Damas Noir Tardif 2, 4. _Damas Noir Tardif_ 3. Late Damask? 1.

Fruit small, elongated, purplish-black; cavity shallow; suture a line; flesh yellowish-green, acid until thoroughly ripe; nearly freestone.

=Late Blood.= Triflora. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:23. 1894. =2.= _Ibid._ =106=:56. 1896.

_Burbank No. 3_ 1, 2. _Hale_ 2. Hale 1.

Luther Burbank imported this variety in 1885; Bailey named it Hale in 1894 but changed it to Late Blood two years later. Similar to Satsuma; later, blooms earlier, is less pointed and differs in leaf-characters.

=Late Bolmer.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 404. 1857. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

_Winter Bolmar_ 2.

Fruit of medium size, roundish, yellow, mottled with red in the sun; flesh yellow, firm, sweet but not rich; freestone; mid-season.

=Late Chalons.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:99. 1832. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889.

_Tardif de Chalons_ 1. _Tardive de Chalons_ 1, 2. Späte von Chalons 2.

Fruit of medium size, oval, light yellow with red blush, deepening to violet; flesh yellowish, melting, juicy, sweet; stone rough, clinging; very late.

=Late Conical.= Triflora × Simonii. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:16 fig. 1898.

Originated by Burbank; named in 1898. Tree of rapid growth; leaves medium to large, broadly oval, abruptly pointed, tapering at the base, rather stiff, margins coarsely double-crenulate; petiole large, set with glands; fruit strongly conical, large; cavity shallow, abrupt; stem short; suture shallow; yellow overlaid with purple and red; dots numerous, large; bloom heavy; skin medium in thickness; flesh yellow, firm, sweet and agreeable; very good; stone of medium size, flattened, pointed, free.

=Late Goose.= Munsoniana. =1.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ 1909.

From Theodore Williams of Nebraska. Fruit very large; handsome.

=Late Orange.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Chron._ =12=:593. 1892. =2.= _Garden_ =64=:262. 1903. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 423. 1903.

Late Orange originated with Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, first fruiting in 1888; introduced by the originator in 1897. Tree vigorous; fruit similar to Reine Claude in size and appearance; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; very good; season very late.

=Late Prolific.= Domestica. =1.= _Fish Hardy Fr. Bk._ =2=:56. 1882. =2.= Rivers _Cat._ 35. 1898-99. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 423. 1903.

River’s Late Prolific 1.

A seedling of Early Prolific. Tree vigorous; fruit below medium size, round; suture shallow; stem of medium size; cavity lacking; dark purple; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; flavor pleasant; stone small; early to mid-season.

=Late Red Damask.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:85. 1832. =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 261. 1832. =3.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ 1. 1846.

_Damas rouge tardif_ 1. _Gros Damas rouge tardif_ 1. Gros Damas Rouge Tardif 2, 3. _Large Late Red Damask_ 2. _Late Red Damson_ 1.

According to Kenrick and Prince this variety was described in the 1825 edition of Duhamel’s _Traité des Arbres Fruitiers_. Its description resembles that of Orleans very closely but its season is evidently later. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval; skin thick, adherent to the flesh, light purple; flesh yellow, melting, slightly coarse, juicy, sweet; good; late.

=Late Reine Claude.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =2=:479. 1847. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 395. 1857. =4.= _Ibid._ 935. 1869. =5.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 364. 1895.

_Late Gage_ 4. Late Green Gage 1. _Late Green Gage_ 4. _October Green Gage_ ?2. October Green Gage 4. _Reine-Claude d’Octobre_ ?2, 4. Reine-Claude d’October 3. _Reine-Claude Tardive_ 4. Reine-Claude Tardive 2, 4.

First mentioned in the London Horticultural Society catalog in 1831. Origin unknown. Tree vigorous; shoots smooth, stout, short-jointed; fruit small, roundish; apex dimpled; skin greenish-yellow, mottled with red on the sunny side; bloom thin; flesh green, juicy, rich, sugary; good; freestone; late.

=Late Rivers.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 369. 1866. =2.= Nicholson _Dict. Gard._ =3=:166. =3.= Thompson _Gard. Ass’t_ =4=:158. 1901. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

_Tardive de Rivers_ 4.

A seedling from Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England; first fruited in 1865. Branches smooth; fruit of medium size, round; suture shallow; stem long, slender; dark purple; flesh yellow, rich, sweet, sugary; flavor pleasant; clingstone; very late.

=Late Rollingstone.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:39, 42. 1892. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:39. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 155. 1901.

A seedling of Rollingstone, grown by O. M. Lord of Minnesota. Tree medium in vigor, with a round, compact head; leaves obovate-oblong, short-acuminate, irregularly crenate; shoots red, smooth, glossy; petioles glandular, pubescent; fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; cavity shallow; suture faint; yellow background overlaid with red; stem of medium length; dots numerous, yellow; bloom thick; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm; fair to good; stone of medium size, broad-oval, smooth, flattened; late.

=Late Transparent.= Domestica. =1.= Nicholson _Dict. Gard._ =3=:167. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:188. 1897. =3.= Thompson _Gard. Ass’t_ =4=:158. 1901.

Late Transparent Gage 1.

A seedling of Transparent from Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree dwarf, hardy, productive; fruit large, round, greenish-yellow, with purplish blush in the sun; flesh yellowish, firm, tender, juicy, sweet; high quality; stone very small; season ten days later than its parent.

=Laubinger Sugar Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ =441.= 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

_Laubinger’s Catharinen Pflaume_ 2. Laubinger’s Zuckerzwetsche 1, 2.

From Germany. A true prune of value for table, compotes and drying. Tree vigorous, productive; shoots glabrous, violet-brown; fruit large, long-oval; suture shallow or lacking, divides the plum equally; stem not hairy; skin free, sourish; violet-brown to bluish-black; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, rather juicy, slightly tart; mid-season.

=Laura.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:271. 1901.

From Theodore Williams, Nebraska; said to be a cross between Quackenboss and Red Glass. Tree apparently a pure Americana according to Mr. Williams.

=Lawrence Early.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 928. 1869. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

Lawrence 1. _Lawrence’s Early_ 1. Lawrence’s Early 2, 3. _Lawrence’s Früh Rote Pflaume_ 3.

This plum differs from the well-known American variety, Lawrence, in that it is smaller, of poorer quality, purple and earlier.

=Lawson.= Domestica. =1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:531. 1855. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 928. 1869. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:141. 1866-73. =4.= Lange _Allgem. Garten._ 421. 1879. =5.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 710. 1884.

_Anna Lawson_ 3. Anna Lawson 4. _Damas Lawson_ 2, 5. _Dorée de Lawson_ 3. _Golden Gage Lawson_ 2. Lawson’s Golden 1, 5. _Lawson’s Golden_ 3. Lawson’s Golden Gage 1.

A seedling of Reine Claude pollinated with Golden Drop, grown in 1842 by Archibald Gorrie of Annat Gardens, Errol, Perthshire, Scotland; named in honor of Charles Lawson a nurseryman of Edinburgh. Tree hardier than either parent; fruit of medium size, oval; suture a line; cavity small; yellow with dull reddish blush; bloom thin; flesh yellow, sweet, juicy; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Le Duc.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 134. 1887. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 156. 1901. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905. _La Duc_ 1.

Le Duc was found growing wild at Hasting, Minnesota; introduced by W. G. Le Duc. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture faint; cavity small; bright red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, sweet, pleasant; quality fair; stone large, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Legal Tender.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:277. 1900.

Originated under cultivation with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa in 1896; first fruited in 1899; parentage unknown. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, round, golden-yellow blotched with dark red; skin thin; fine quality; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Leib Sour.= Simonii × Triflora. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:272. 1901.

One of Burbank’s hybrids; of the type of Wickson. Fruit large, round or slightly oblate; stem strong; cavity wide; suture shallow; apex slightly depressed; light red with thin bloom; dots many, prominent; flesh yellow, firm, meaty; flavor peculiar, aromatic, subacid; good to very good; stone medium, oval, flattened, clinging.

=Leonard.= Americana. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 90. 1885. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:40. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 156. 1901.

Originated with Charles Gibb, Montreal, Canada, in 1873 from a wild plum root obtained from Wisconsin. Fruit medium, round; cavity shallow; stem slender; dull dark red, mottled; dots small; flesh yellow, not firm, acid; quality fair; stone small, round-oval, smooth, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Leopard.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt_. =14=:272. 1901.

From Theodore Williams, of Nebraska, from a “Botan pit pollinated with Red Glass.” Fruit large, round-oval; stem medium long, set in a shallow cavity; skin thick; light rich red; flesh yellow, firm; flavor Miner-like, rich and sweet; good to very good.

=Lepine.= Insititia. =1.= Koch _Deut. Obst._ 570. 1876. =2.= Lange _Allgem. Garten._ =2=:420. 1879.

A variety of the Damson type raised by Lepine in Belgium; probably not known in this country; very similar to Norbet and by some said to be the same. Tree large, productive; fruit of medium size, round, somewhat compressed; suture shallow; skin removable, not sourish; dark blue; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, sweet, wine-like; stone free; late.

=Leptune.= Hortulana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:56, 86. 1892. =2.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fr._ 203, 206, 208. 1898. =3.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:284. 1898.

Introduced by J. D. Morrow & Sons of Arkansas. Leaves elliptic-ovate to elliptic-obovate, very long-pointed and coarsely serrate; stalks either glandless or glandular; fruit of medium size, round; skin thick, dark red; dots yellow; flesh yellow, meaty; stone medium, nearly smooth, short-pointed, clinging.

=Letta.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 133. 1891.

Found in Buchanan County, Iowa; introduced by J. Wragg & Son of Waukee, Iowa. Fruit as large as Hawkeye.

=Lewis.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 46. 1895.

Received by the United States Department of Agriculture from H. C. Cook, White Salmon, Washington. Fruit large, roundish-oval; stem short, set in a moderately deep, abrupt cavity; red, a little darker than Lombard; bloom thin; dots numerous; flesh pale yellow; good to very good; stone large, oval, free; late.

=Lewiston Egg.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 404. 1857. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 222, 244. 1858.

Lewiston’s Egg 2.

According to Downing, from Lewiston, New York. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, oval, pale yellow; flesh yellow, not very sweet; flavor medium; clingstone; mid-season. Rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1858.

=Lex Plum.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 263. 1832.

Noted as a large blue plum with rich, sweet, yellow flesh; very productive.

=Liegel Rote Damascene.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

_Runde Rote Damascene._

=Liegel Apricot.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 369. 1866. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 351. 1895.

_Abricotée de Braunau Nouvelle_ 1, 2. Abricotée de Liegel 3. _New Apricot of Braunau_ 2.

Liegel Apricot was grown by Dr. Liegel of Braunau, Germany. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture deep; yellowish; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, melting, juicy, sprightly; good; freestone; late.

=Liegel Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 359. 1895.

A variety said to have been imported into France from England. Fruit of medium size, roundish, greenish; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, rich; very good; late.

=Liegel Unvergleichliche.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 359. 1895.

Received in France from Bohemia.

=Lillian Augusta.= Domestica. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 72. 1894. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 136. 1894.

Grown by Richard Trotter, Owen Sound, Ontario. Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, egg-shaped; cavity small and shallow; stem nearly long; suture a line; greenish-yellow with a few broken stripes of deeper shade; flesh light yellow, firm, meaty, juicy, slightly acid; good to very good; stone medium to small, oval, turgid, roughened, partly free.

=Lillie.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 276. 1893. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 156. 1901.

A seedling of Hawkeye, grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1893. Tree vigorous and upright; fruit of medium size, round sometimes conical; cavity broad, shallow; stem slender; apex rounded; yellow overspread with mottled light and dark red; dots numerous; bloom thick; flesh sweet, melting; quality best; stone pointed, free; mid-season.

=Lindow’sche Frühe Werder’sche Pflaume.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

=Lindsay.= Species? =1.= _Can. Hort._ =27=:22. 1904.

Lindsay’s Seedling 1.

Reported as a new plum from Guelph, Canada; large; good.

=Little.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:39. 1892. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:45. 1897.

Little Seedling 1, 2.

Introduced by Charles Leudloff, Carver, Minnesota, but discarded by him on account of its size. Fruit small, red; stone small, rough, cherry-like.

=Livland.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887.

_Livlandscher bierpflaume_ 1.

A Russian variety imported by the Iowa Agricultural College in 1882.

=Lizzie.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of Harrison, grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray of Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit large, pale yellow, with a red blush; flesh yellow, rich, no acidity; good; semi-clinging.

=Lockey.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894.

Tree dwarfish, lacks in adaptability, blights badly, short-lived; fruit of medium size, greenish-yellow overlaid with red; good; clingstone.

=Lone Star.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 154. 1883. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:63, 86. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 196. 1901.

Grown by E. W. Kilpatrick, Texas, from wild seed produced in eastern Texas. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity broad, shallow; stem slender; suture lacking; red; bloom thin; dots numerous, white; skin thin; flesh soft, yellow, sweet; good; stone oval, clinging; early. Mentioned in the American Pomological Society catalog in 1897.

=Long Blue.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:54. 1895. =3.= _Wis. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:214. 1896. =4.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =101=:121. 1901.

Orel No. 20 2, 3. _Orel No. 20_ 1.

One of the Russian varieties imported by J. L. Budd about 1882. Tree hardy, vigorous, unproductive; fruit medium to large, oblong-oval; purplish-red with light bloom; dots numerous, small; flesh yellow, juicy, subacid, pleasant; quality fair; stone rough and strongly margined, semi-clinging.

=Long Leaf Wonderful.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:611. 1893.

Long Leaf Wonderful was sent out in 1893 by Luther Burbank; no description is available and the variety is probably extinct.

=Long Red.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 401. 1898. =3.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =101=:119, 122 fig. 1901.

Orel No. 19 2, 3. _Orel 19_ 1.

Introduced from Russia by J. L. Budd of Iowa about 1882. Tree hardy, vigorous; fruit medium to large, roundish-oblong, purplish-red; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; excellent for culinary use; stone semi-clinging.

=Long Scarlet.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =1=:365. 1835. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 303. 1845. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 36. 1875.

_Red Gage_ (incorrectly of some) 2. _Scarlet Gage_ 2, 3. Scarlet Gage 1, 2.

Downing states that the original tree was first noted in the vicinity of Newburgh about 1823 and that the variety was disseminated by him. Tree very hardy, an abundant bearer; shoots downy; fruit medium, oblong-obovate; cavity narrow, very shallow; stem three-fourths of an inch long; bright red or purplish-crimson on the sunny side, pale yellowish-red on the shaded side; flesh deep yellow, juicy, becoming rich and sweet if allowed to hang; clingstone; mid-season. Listed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1875, but dropped in 1897.

=Long Violet Damascene.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 444. 1881.

Unproductive on dry soil as tested in Jeinsen, Germany.

=Longworth.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 392. 1891. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 74. 1895.

Said to have originated many years ago with Nicholas Longworth, Cincinnati, Ohio. Resembles Lombard and is better in quality. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, purplish-red; flesh yellow, sweet, pleasant; mid-season to late.

=Lot d’Ente.= Domestica. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 356 fig. 1891.

_D’Ente_ 1.

This variety is of the same type if not the same as the Agen.

=Lottie.= Americana mollis. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 120. 1904. =3.= Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 424. 1905.

Lotta 3.

Originated with H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from seed of Van Buren. Fruit large, white or pale yellow; good; freestone.

=Louisa.= Americana. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 930. 1869. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 37. 1899. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 156. 1901.

Found growing wild in Missouri about 1860; introduced by Samuel Miller, Bluffton, Missouri. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture a line; cavity small; stem short; dull red; bloom thick; dots numerous; flesh firm, yellow; quality fair; stone large, flat, clinging; mid-season.

=Louise-Brune.= Insititia? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:71. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

_Louise Brune_ 2. Louisen’s Braune Damascene 2.

Raised by M. de Maraise, a Belgian pomologist. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit round-oval; suture narrow and very shallow; skin purple; bloom thick; flesh yellowish-green, firm, rather sweet; good; stone oval, thick, free; type of the Damsons.

=Louisiana.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =139=:43. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 217. 1901.

_Normand No. 15_ 1.

One of the several seedlings sent out by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana, who states that it is the offspring of a Triflora variety crossed with a native; named by Bailey in 1897. Tree spreading, weak and slender in habit; fruit of medium size, heart-shaped; suture faint; cavity shallow; greenish with dull blush; dots many, whitish; flesh yellow, fibrous, sprightly subacid; quality fair; clingstone; fruit drops before ripe.

=Lovett.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =29=:47. 1887.

A seedling of Reine Claude from York County, Pennsylvania, about 1867. Tree very vigorous and productive; fruit very large, roundish; suture slight; cavity shallow; dark red; dots minute, yellow; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; semi-clinging; very early.

=Lovett.= Triflora. =1.= Lovett _Cat._ 1898.

_Fourth of July_ 1.

A chance seedling from the Lovett homestead in Pennsylvania; introduced in 1898 by J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, New Jersey. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture indistinct; bright red; bloom light; flesh yellow, firm, rich, sweet, vinous, highly aromatic; good; freestone; very early.

=Lovett Late.= Domestica. =1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 218. 1849.

_Lovett’s Late Long Red_ 1.

An excellent long-keeping variety mentioned by Cole in 1849.

=Lowry.= Domestica. =1.= Smith _Cat._ 1899.

Lowry’s Gage 1.

A chance seedling found growing in a fence corner at St. Davids, Ontario; introduced by E. D. Smith in 1899. Fruit of medium size, yellow; good; early.

=Lucas Königspflaume.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 421. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

_Royale de Lucas_ 2.

A table and market variety in Germany. Tree vigorous, productive in moist soils; fruit large, oval; suture shallow, divided unequally; skin somewhat sourish, easily removed, bluish-red to dark blue on the sunny side; dots fine, yellowish, numerous; flesh soft, golden-yellow, sweet, highly flavored; stone not always free; ripens before the Reine Claude.

=Luedloff.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:46. 1897. =2.= _Ibid._ =87=:14. 1901.

Luedloff’s Seedling 1, 2.

From Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Fruit medium in size, oblong; suture distinct; yellow overspread with bright red; dots small, numerous; quality hardly fair; stone oval, sharply pointed, nearly free.

=Luedloff Green.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:40. 1892. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:46. 1897.

Luedloff’s Green 1, 2.

From Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota, about 1889; discarded by him later. Tree regular and abundant in bearing; fruit medium to small, oblong, flattened; skin thick, mottled with deep red; flesh firm, sweet; fair quality; stone small, nearly free; medium late.

=Luedloff Red.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:40. 1892. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:46. 1897.

Luedloff’s Red 1, 2.

Much like Luedloff Green but red in color. Tree moderately productive; fruit very good; medium season. Good for culinary purposes.

=Lunn.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:35. 1903. =2.= _Quebec Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 9. 1905.

_Montreal No. 60_ 1.

From W. W. Dunlop, Outremont, Quebec. Fruit large, oval; cavity shallow; suture a distinct line; dark purple; dots indistinct, brownish; skin tough; flesh yellowish-green, firm, juicy, sweet, rich; very good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Luscombe.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831.

Luscombe’s Seedling.

=Lutts.= Triflora. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =175=:131 fig., 132. 1899. =2.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =1=:106. 1900. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =68=:5 fig., 31. 1904.

_Wasse-Botankio_ 1, 2, 3.

Sent out under the name Wasse-Botankio but renamed in 1899 by Bailey after Henry Lutts of Youngstown, New York. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, roundish, dark red with numerous fine, golden, dots; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, soft, with a slight almond flavor; good; clingstone; one of the earliest.

=Lyon.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =104=:100. 1894. =2.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 367. 1896. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:246. 1899.

Bailey 1. _Bailey_ 2, 3.

Brought to notice by S. S. Bailey of Grand Rapids, Michigan, and grown for a number of years by the Michigan sub-station at South Haven under the name Bailey; renamed Lyon by the Michigan Horticultural Society in 1896. Tree vigorous, upright, spreading, productive; fruit large, roundish; suture slight; cavity shallow; clear yellow with light bloom; flesh yellow, tender, rich, sweet, moderately juicy; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Lyon Apricot.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:53. 1901.

Received by the British Columbia Experiment Station at Agassiz from a Mr. Spaath of Berlin, Germany. Fruit above medium in size; roundish; suture shallow; bright red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sprightly; good; stone slender, free; early.

=M. J. De Wolf.= Species? =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:25, 52 fig. 1905.

The most promising from a lot of seedlings grown by M. J. De Wolf, Letcher, South Dakota, from seed taken from the orchard of H. J. Gurney, Elk Point, South Dakota. Fruit large, roundish; cavity wide, shallow; suture a line; red marbled on the shady side with yellow; dots many, large, conspicuous; flesh dark yellow, tender, sweet, juicy; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Macedonia.= Munsoniana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 19. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 186. 1901.

_Transparent_ 2.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture faint; cavity shallow; light red; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Mackland.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1899.

Tree vigorous; fruit above medium size, red over yellow; clingstone; rots badly.

=Macomber.= Domestica. Listed in _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 39. 1899.

=Macomber No. 1 and No. 2.= Americana. Letter from Kerr.

Two inferior seedlings from a Mr. Macomber of Vermont.

=Madame Henri Deschars.= Insititia? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

_Mirabelle Tardive Mme. H. Deschars_ 1.

Mathieu’s notice refers to _Journal de la Societe Nationale et Centrale d’Horticulture de France_ 608. 1878.

=Madame Nicolle.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:53. 1900. _Souvenir de Madame Nicolle_ 1.

A European variety tested on the grounds of the British Columbia Experimental Station; inferior.

=Madam Leeds.= Species? =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:279. 1900.

A seedling unintroduced and of unknown parentage grown by George Temple, presumably of Iowa. Tree resembles Poole Pride, productive; fruit the size of Wild Goose, bright red; drops easily; late.

=Madeleine.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 156, 359. 1895.

Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit large, oval; yellow with reddish spots; good; early.

=Madison.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =6=:355. 1849. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =4=:214. 1849. =3.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 355. 1867.

A chance seedling from the garden of Isaac Denniston, Albany, New York; first fruiting in 1847 and supposed to be a cross between Bleeker and Blue Gage. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, oval; suture shallow; cavity small; yellow with reddish blush; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, rich, sweet, pleasant; good; freestone; very late.

=Mainzer Frühzwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

=Majestic Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Stone & Wellington _Cat._ 1907.

Introduced by Stone and Wellington of Toronto, Ontario. Fruit large, purple; bloom heavy; freestone; early.

=Mallard.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 289. 1889. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:189. 1897. =3.= Rivers _Cat._ 34. 1898.

A seedling from Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree of moderate vigor and hardiness; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; deep purple; flesh yellow, rich, juicy; good; freestone; early; said to rot but little; not hardy.

=Mamelonnée.= Domestica. =1.= _Gen. Farmer_ =10=:241. 1849. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 371. 1866. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 359. 1895.

_Die Brustwarzenpflaume_ 3. _Mamelon_ 3. _Mamelon Sageret_ 2.

Raised by M. Sageret of Paris, France. Tree of medium size; fruit roundish-oval, strongly necked, yellowish-green, mottled with red; light bloom; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, sweet; similar to Reine Claude except in shape.

=Manitoba.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, clear red; freestone.

=Manitoba No. 1.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:22. 1905.

A wild variety from Manitoba, Canada. Fruit of medium size, bright red; skin thick and bitter; very early.

=Manitoba Seedlings.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897-1900. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:22. 1905.

Several seedlings bearing the numbers 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were grown by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Station from seed obtained in Manitoba. Early bearing and productivity are their chief desirable characters.

=Mankato.= Americana. =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 332, 481. 1896. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 157. 1901. =3.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 228. 1903.

_German Prune Seedling_ 3.

Originated on the farm of Louis J. Eider, four miles north of Mankato in Nicollet County, Minnesota; introduced by S. D. Richardson and Son of Winnebago City, Minnesota, in 1890. Tree vigorous, fairly productive; fruit above medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture faint; skin free from the pulp; dull red; dots yellow; flesh yellow, sometimes red next the stone, sweet, rich; good; semi-clinging; late.

=Manning.= Domestica. =1.= Manning _Book of Fruits_ 103. 1838. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 335. 1849. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 930. 1869.

Large Long Blue 1. _Large Long Blue_ 2, 3. Manning’s Long Blue 2, 3. _Manning’s Long Blue_ 3. Mannings Long Blue Prune 3. _Manning’s Long Blue Prune_ 2. _Manning’s Prune_ 3.

Received by Robert Manning from Landreth’s Nursery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, without a name; probably a seedling of the German Prune. Tree vigorous; fruit large, long-oval; suture obscure; cavity small; dark purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, sprightly, pleasant; good; stone long, pointed, free; mid-season; ripening period long.

=Marais des Cygne.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 5. 1900.

Introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1900. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, purplish-red; good; clingstone; subject to rot; mid-season.

=Marange.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 156, 359. 1895.

_Petit-Monsieur?_ 1, 2.

Tree small, very productive; fruit small, round, reddish-violet; skin unusually free; flesh yellow; very good for its season; very early.

=Marble.= Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:225. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 217. 1901.

_Fourth of July_ 1.

Grown by A. L. Bruce of Texas, who states that it is a cross between Weaver and Crimson Beauty, but Waugh considers Mr. Bruce’s Weaver to be Miner. Fruit small, heart-shaped; cavity medium deep; suture shallow; dark wine-red; skin tough; flesh yellow, sweet, rich; good; stone small, clinging.

=Marble.= Species? =1.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 412. 1899.

Originated in Brown County, Minnesota; tree vigorous and productive; fruit small, round, mottled red; good; mid-season; subject to rot.

=Marbled-Plum.= Domestica. =1.= Rea _Flora_ 207. 1676. =2.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ 1529. 1688.

_Marble Plum_ 2.

Fruit mottled yellow and red at full maturity becoming a uniform red; flesh firm; good.

=Marcellus.= Americana mollis. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 9. 1898. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:24, 50, 51 fig. 1905. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905.

Grown by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa from seed of Van Buren; first fruited in 1893. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture lacking; light red; bloom light; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Marcus.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 333. 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:47. 1897. =3.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:24, 50 fig. 1905.

Originated with M. E. Hinckley, Marcus, Iowa, from seed gathered from a grove of wild plums on the Little Sioux River in 1870. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit large, round, dark red, resembling Miner; flesh firm, meaty; good; early.

=Mardy.= Domestica. =1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 9. 1890.

A seedling from West Virginia grown by a Mr. Mardy. Fruit large, oval, red.

=Margate.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629.

Parkinson says of it “the worst of a hundred.”

=Marietta.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:264 fig. 1904 =2.= _Ibid._ =68=:7 fig., 36. 1905.

A chance seedling found growing on the grounds of the Kennesau Wholesale Nursery Company, in 1900, at the edge of a block of Triflora varieties. Tree very vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, broadly conical, yellow overlaid with red; dots yellow; skin slightly waxy; flesh soft, juicy, pleasant; quality fair; clingstone; free from rot.

=Marjorie.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

A seedling of Lottie grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Fruit large, round, light yellow partly overspread with red; dots small; flesh yellow, rich, sweet; semi-clinging.

=Marigan.= Domestica. =1.= _Quebec Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 9. 1905.

Tree productive. Fruit large, round, greenish-yellow with a blush; good.

=Marion.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:40. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 157. 1901.

Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened at the apex; suture a line; cavity shallow; stem long, slender; red on a yellow ground; bloom thin; skin thick; flesh sweet, juicy; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Marketman.= Triflora. =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 1893. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 138. 1901.

_Shipper_ 1, 2.

A seedling of Satsuma grown by Luther Burbank and sold under the name Shipper but changed by Waugh to prevent confusion with an older Shipper. Tree moderate in growth, sturdy and upright; fruit oval, light red; bloom light; flesh firm, sweet, juicy; fruit keeps and ships well.

=Marmorierte Eierpflaume.= Domestica. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889.

_Prune d’Oeuf Marbrée._

=Marster.= Domestica? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 96. 1887. =2.= Brown Bros. _Cat._ 1900.

Marster’s 2.

Supposed to have originated in South Carolina about 1883; reported four years later by J. R. Hart from Nova Scotia; introduced by Brown Brothers of Ontario. Tree hardy, productive; fruit of medium size, oval, dark purple; flesh fine-grained, rich; good; mid-season.

=Marten.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =6=:133. 1851. =2.= _Cultivator_ =6=:268. 1858. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 931. 1869.

_Marten’s Seedling_ 3. Marten’s Seedling 1, 2.

A chance seedling found growing in the garden of a Mr. Marten, Schenectady, New York, by Professor Jackson of Union College. Tree very vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-oblong; suture deep; cavity small; yellow, streaked with green and dotted with red in the sun; flesh yellow, slightly coarse, juicy, sprightly; very good; freestone; mid-season.

=Mary.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. & For._ =7=:19. 1894. =2.= Storrs & Harrison _Cat._ 1898.

A supposed cross between Duane and Yellow Gage grown by R. A. Hunt, Euclid, Ohio, about 1882; introduced by Storrs & Harrison in 1898. Tree very productive; fruit of medium size, yellow; bloom delicate; flesh yellow; good; mid-season.

=Mary.= Americana mollis. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Grown from seed of Van Buren in 1893 by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Tree productive, spreading; fruit light red on a yellow ground; good; mid-season.

=Maryland.= Angustifolia watsoni × (_Prunus besseyi_ × Angustifolia watsoni). =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:41. 1898. =3.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:17. 1898.

Grown by J. W. Kerr from seed of Utah Hybrid; introduced by the originator in 1894. Tree larger than the parent; fruit small, round; suture lacking; dark brownish-red; flesh soft, watery, sweet, pleasant; quality fair; clingstone.

=Mas.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 359. 1895.

Similar to De Montfort.

=Mason.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 464. 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 196. 1901.

Originated near Leander, Williamson County, Texas, with a Mr. Mason; introduced about 1896 by F. T. Ramsey. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, red; flesh firm; good; clingstone; very early.

=Matchless.= Domestica. =1.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 93, 97, Pl. 24 fig. 1. 1729.

_White Matchless_ 2.

Fruit yellow; bloom white; excellent flavor; very productive.

=Mathews.= Hortulana. =1.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ 1902. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 211. 1906. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =114=:139. 1910.

Matthews 2.

Grown by B. A. Mathews of Knoxville, Iowa, as a sport from Peach Leaf; introduced by Stark Brothers, Missouri. Tree hardy; fruit small, ruby-red; recommended for jellies and preserves.

=Mauchete.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:93. 1832.

_Mouchetée_ 1.

A French variety of the Reine Claude type. Fruit small, oval; suture a line; cavity minute; greenish; bloom heavy; flesh green, firm, sweet; freestone; mid-season.

=Maude Lacy.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; fruit large; bright yellow with a red cheek; flesh firm; semi-clinging.

=Maugeron.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:76. 1768. =2.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:52, 57. 1771. =3.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:42, Tab. 195 fig. 2. 1796. =4.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ 1. 1846. =5.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:81. 1832. =6.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 931. 1869. =7.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 694. 1884. =8.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 426. 1889.

_Damascene Maugeron_ 6, 8. Damascene von Mangeron 8. _Damascene von Maugeron_ 8. _Damas de Mangeron_ 6, 8. Damas de Mangeron 7. _Damas de Maugeron_ 3, 5, 8. Damas de Maugerou 1, 4. _Damas de Maugerou_ 8. _Damas de Maugiron_ 8. _Damas Violet_ 2. Die Damascenerpflaume von Maugeron 3. _Königs Pflaume von Maugerou_ 8. _Mangeron_ 6, 7, 8. _Maugeron_ 4, 8. Maugeron Damask 5. _Maugeron Damask_ 6, 8. _Maugiron_ 2.

An old variety, probably of French origin. Tree vigorous; fruit large, roundish-oblate; stem slender; cavity shallow; suture a line; purplish; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, sweet and agreeable; freestone; September. Prince states that there are two varieties under this name, differing in size, but no other writer mentions the two.

=Mayerboeck Zwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889.

_Mayerboeck’s Rote Zwetsche._

=Mayer Hellrote.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 359. 1895.

_Mayer’s Hellrothe Damascene._

“A variety of little merit.”

=Mayer Königspflaume.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889.

_Royale?_ _Die Königin?_ _Royale de Mayer._

=Mayers Rothe Damascene.= Domestica. =1.= Mas Pom. Gen. =2=:87. 1873. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 359. 1895.

Damas Rouge de Mayer 1. _Damas Rouge de Mayer_ 2. Damas Rouge de Moyer 1. _Mayers Braunrothe Königspflaume_ 2. _Mayers Rothe Damascene_ 1.

A seedling of Red Magnum Bonum raised by Liegel and dedicated to his colleague, A. J. Mayer. Tree of normal vigor; fruit large, thick-ellipsoid, slightly truncated; suture wide, shallow; stem medium in length and size; cavity shallow; skin tender, not adherent; purple; flesh yellowish, fine, melting, juicy, sweet and aromatic; clingstone; mid-season.

=McCartney.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= Munson _Cat._ 1898. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 197. 1901.

Brought to notice by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Texas; fruit of medium size, roundish; suture visible; dots whitish; golden-yellow; flesh sweet, melting; very good; clingstone.

=McGillivray.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 424. 1897.

Tree vigorous, unproductive; fruit small, oval, light red; flesh yellow, juicy, slightly astringent; clingstone; early.

=McPherson.= Species? =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:479. 1899.

Tree low, bushy, thorny, hardy; fruit small, round, golden-yellow; flesh yellow; quality fair; clingstone.

=McRea.= Triflora. =1.= _Glen St. Mary Cat._ 21. 1911.

McRea was grown near Lake City, Columbia County, Florida, from seed of Kelsey; introduced in the fall of 1910 by the Glen Saint Mary Nursery Company. Fruit of medium size, roundish; yellow, washed with dull red in the sun; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, subacid; good; mid-season.

=Meads.= Triflora. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =64=:711. 1905.

Meads Seedling Plum 1.

A seedling grown by H. O. Mead, Lunenburg, Massachusetts. Fruit large, light reddish-purple; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; good; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Mediterranean.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =6=:133. 1851. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 931. 1869.

Originated in central New York. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, ovate, necked; cavity small; light crimson; flesh yellow, sweet, sprightly; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Meigs.= Domestica. =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 342. 1867.

Fruit large, roundish-oval; suture indistinct; dull reddish-purple, with numerous gray dots; stalk long, slender, curved; cavity small; flesh greenish-yellow, rich, excellent; clingstone; late.

=Melnicker Zwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889.

=Melon.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1898. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:280. 1900. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:14. 1901.

From Iowa. Fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity lacking; suture slight; yellowish-red; bloom thin; flesh fibrous; quality fair; freestone; mid-season.

=Meneray.= Species? =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of unknown parentage from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; introduced by F. W. Meneray of Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit and foliage indicate a fusion of Americana and Triflora blood. Fruit large, oblong, pear-shaped, yellow tinged with red; good.

=Mereton.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:54. 1900. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 432. 1905.

Mereton’s Egg. 1. Merton’s Egg 2.

Fruit small, oval; cavity small; yellow; flesh yellowish; poor; of no value.

=Meroldt.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 436. 1881. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ Pl. IV, 13. 1882. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 712. 1884. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889.

_Meroldt’s Gelbe Reine-Claude_ 4. Meroldt’s Golden Gage 3. _Meroldt’s Golden Gage_ 4. Meroldt’s Reineclaude 1, 2, 4. _Reine-Claude de Meroldt_ 4.

This variety was grown by Dr. Meroldt, Lischnitz, Bohemia, probably from the seed of the Apricot plum. Tree grows quickly, medium in size; fruit medium, roundish; suture shallow; skin adherent; yellow, sometimes with reddish spots; cavity shallow; stem extremely short, finely hairy; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, with Reine Claude flavor; freestone; mid-season.

=Merryweather.= Insititia. =1.= _Garden_ =74=:527, Col. Pl. 1910.

This plum originated with H. Merryweather and Sons of Southwell, Notts, England, and received an award of merit in 1907 from the Royal Horticultural Society. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, juicy, purple; Damson-like flavor; good; excellent for preserving.

=Merunka.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887. =3.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1890. =4.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 46. 1895. =5.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:279, 280. 1900.

Leipsic 2, 5. Leipzig 3. Leipzig Early Quetsche 1. Marunka 4. Quetsche de Leipzig 2. _113 Riga_ 3. _Zwetsche Leipziger_ 2.

In 1884 J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station introduced several plums from Russia. Among these the Merunka and Leipsic proved to be identical. The name Merunka is retained because Leipsic has been used as a synonym of German Prune. Fruit of Lombard type, medium in size, oval; cavity deep, narrow; suture faint; apex depressed; purplish-red; bloom thin; skin thin; flesh yellow, tender, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Merville d’Automne.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 359. 1895.

A large yellow variety of good quality ripening about mid-season.

=Meyer.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894-1900.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, round; cavity small; purplish-red over yellow; clingstone; mid-season.

=Miama.= Domestica. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905.

Miami 1.

Miama as tested at the Ohio Experiment Station proved to be identical with Lombard. J. W. Kerr of Denton, Maryland, who introduced the variety in 1894 writes: “When I first received cions from the West, I thought it was a native; but finding it to be a Domestica, dropped it at once.”

=Mignonne.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 149. 1831.

Reported by the London Horticultural Society as growing on their grounds.

=Miles.= Species? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:79. 1892. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1903. =3.= _Ibid._ 424. 1905.

Said to have originated in Illinois from seed secured in North Carolina. Tree productive; fruit small, light red; quality fair; clingstone.

=Miller.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894.

Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, round, red on an orange ground; clingstone; mid-season.

=Miller.= Domestica. =1.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:241, 256, 257. 1905.

Fruit very large, roundish, sides unequal; cavity narrow, deep; stem short, stout; suture distinct; dark purple on a dark green ground; dots numerous, bronze; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, rich, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Miller.= Species? =1.= _Glen St. Mary Nur. Cat._ 1907.

Introduced by the Glen St. Mary Nursery Company of Florida in 1907. Fruit of medium size, greenish-yellow; very good.

=Miller No. 1.= Domestica.

Miller No. 1 is an unintroduced seedling of German Prune supposedly crossed with Jefferson; grown by D. J. Miller of Millersburg, Ohio. Fruit of medium size, long-oval tapering to both ends; suture a line; cavity shallow; deep yellow; bloom thin; dots conspicuous; flesh yellow, tender, sweet, good; stone large, long-oval, semi-clinging, pointed; mid-season; resembles the German Prune in shape and size.

=Miller No 5.= Munsoniana. Letter from Kerr.

Grown by David Miller, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, red; clingstone.

=Millett.= Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:25. 1905.

_Millett’s Wild Plum_ 1.

From South Dakota. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small.

=Millett Early Red.= Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:25. 1905.

Millett’s Early Red 1.

A variety found growing wild near Pierre, South Dakota. Trees low and bushy, hardy, unproductive; fruit small, red on a yellow ground; skin thick; flesh firm, sweet; quality fair; stone large; early.

=Millett T. T.= Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:25. 1905.

From South Dakota; fruit very small.

=Millett Very Early Red.= Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:25. 1905.

Millett’s Very Early Red 1.

Not as early as Millett Early Red.

=Mills.= Domestica. =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 116. 1901.

Fruit medium in size, oval; cavity shallow; suture faint; purplish-red; dots prominent, white; flesh greenish; quality fair; freestone; late.

=Mills Seedling.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:39. 1903.

Fruit roundish heart-shaped, below medium in size; cavity narrow, moderately deep; suture a line; deep red; dots obscure; bloom light; skin moderately thick, tender; flesh deep yellow, juicy, slightly sweet, astringent; poor; stone of medium size, oval, flattened, nearly free.

=Milton Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:94. 1840.

Reported by C. M. Hovey as fruiting in the nursery of Charles Downing, Newburgh, New York, seventy years ago.

=Minco.= Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:272. 1901. =2.= Munson _Cat._ 1902.

A cross between Miner and Wayland from T. V. Munson in 1896. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; cavity lacking; suture a line; bright, dark red faintly striped; dots many, distinct; bloom light; flesh yellow, firm, rich, sweet, meaty; very good; freestone; late.

=Minion.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 69. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye as a “yellowish-white” plum.

=Minnesota.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =31=:348. 1895. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:319. 1903.

A European variety introduced into Minnesota from Denmark. Tree vigorous, very hardy; fruit large, ovate; suture distinct; cavity deep, narrow; dark blue; flesh yellow, juicy, subacid; very good; stone small, free.

=Minnesota Seedling.= Americana. Letter from J. W. Kerr.

An inferior variety from a Mr. Macomber of Vermont.

=Minnetonka.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:40. 1892. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897. =3.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:41. 1898.

Introduced by Peter Gideon of Minnesota. Tree small, slow-growing, bushy top; fruit small, oval, red on a yellow ground; skin thick; flesh firm, acid; clingstone; mid-season.

=Minnie.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:280. 1900.

From H. Knudson, Springfield, Minnesota, who raised it from the seed of a large blue Domestica plum. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size, necked, greenish-yellow; good; late.

=Minnie.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:17. 1898. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 219. 1901.

Originated in North Carolina with J. S. Breece, who considers it an offspring of Abundance pollinated with Wild Goose. The foliage resembles that of Abundance.

=Mirabelle De Bohn.= Insititia. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:177. 1873. =2.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 472. 1894. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 423. 1889.

_Bohns Gestreifte Mirabelle_ 1, 3. Bohns Mirabelle 2, 3. _Bohns Mirabelle_ 1. _Mirabelle de Bohn_ 3. _Mirabelle Rayee_ 3.

Liegel received this variety from Henry de Bohn of Upper Austria. Tree of medium vigor, productive; fruit small, roundish; suture a line; skin tender, yellow, marbled with red; stem slender; flesh yellow, tender, melting, juicy, sweet, aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

=Mirabelle de Flotow.= Insititia. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:105, fig. 1873. =2.= _Rev. Hort._ 476. 1901.

_Flotows Allerfrüheste Mirabelle_ 1. _Mirabelle La Plus Hâtive de Flotow_ 1. _Von Flótows Mirabelle_ 1.

According to Mas, “this variety was obtained from a seed of Perdrigon Violet by Liegel and dedicated by him to M. de Flotow, of Dresden, one of the first collaborators of _The Illustrirtes Handbuch_.” Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit small, spherical, yellow, dotted with red on the sunny side; stem medium in length and size; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, tender, soft, sweet, of Apricot flavor, very pleasant; early.

=Mirabelle de Ronvaux.= Insititia. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 359. 1895.

“A variety of little merit.”

=Mirabelle Double de Herrenhausen.= Insititia. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 426. 1881. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 155, 360. 1895. =3.= _Rev. Hort._ 476. 1901.

Herrnhauser Doppelte Mirabelle 1. _Herrnhauser doppelte Mirabelle_ 2.

Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit small to medium, yellow mottled with red; flesh yellow, sweet; good; late, following Drap d’Or.

=Mirabelle Précoce de Flaford.= Insititia. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 440. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 360. 1895.

Reported as being similar to Early Mirabelle.

=Mirabelle Verte.= Insititia. =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:91. 1866-73. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 360. 1895.

_Grüne Mirabelle_ 1, 2.

From a Herr Commans of Cologne, Prussia. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit small, roundish-oblate; suture deep; cavity deep, wide; skin tender, free; green marbled with yellow; stem short; flesh green, fine, soft, sweet, aromatic; freestone. Resembles Reine Claude and may contain Domestica blood.

=Mission Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Bailey _Cyc. Hort._ =3=:1376. 1901.

A large number of plums were planted over a century ago around the old Mission at Santa Clara, California; after the abandonment of the Mission this variety was found propagating itself by suckers and was cultivated as late as 1870.

=Mississippi.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 50. 1885. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 187, 188 fig. 1901.

_Mississippi Red_ 2.

Introduced by J. M. Shell of Georgetown, Texas, about 1875. Fruit large, oval; cavity very shallow; suture lacking; clear red; dots many, yellow; skin thin, tough; flesh soft, yellow; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Missouri.= Munsoniana? =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 39, 41, 99. 1889. =2.= _Ala. Col. Sta. Bul._ =11=:12. 1890.

An unimportant variety occasionally found in Alabama and Georgia. Fruit of medium size, oblong, red; flesh firm; good; clingstone; late.

=Missouri Green Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 196. 1891. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:160. 1899. =3.= _Ibid._ =162=:239, 256. 1905.

Introduced in 1891 by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri. As tested by the Ohio and New York Experiment Stations it appears to be either identical with or a strain of the Imperial Gage.

=Mistake.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:210. 1898. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 548. 1901.

Fruit above medium size, oblong-oval; suture distinct; sides unequal; purple; flesh yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet, pleasant; mid-season.

=Mitchelson.= Insititia. =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 892, 894. 1860. =2.= _Flor. & Pom._ 152. 1862. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 932. 1869. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:65. 1873.

De Mitchelson 4. _Mitchelson_ 3. Mitchelson’s 1, 2. _Mitchelson’s_ 4.

Raised by a Mr. Mitchelson, at Kingston on the Thames, England; a seedling of a Damson. Fruit above medium size, oval; suture indistinct; dark purple; dots few, fawn-colored; bloom thin; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy and sweet; freestone; excellent for culinary purposes.

=Mivian.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 150. 1831.

=Mollie.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 422, 424. 1905.

Molly 2.

Originated with Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska. Fruit small, round, red, watery; clingstone; mid-season.

=Monon.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 11. 1897.

Tree very productive; fruit small, greenish with dull red blotches; poor; clingstone; subject to rot.

=Monona.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:24, 48. 1897.

From Christian Steinman, Mapleton, Iowa; said to be the size of Miner but two weeks earlier.

=Monolith.= Triflora? × Munsoniana? =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 46. 1895. =2.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:17. 1898.

Originated by J. S. Breece of North Carolina; thought to be a cross between Abundance and Wild Goose although it does not show Triflora characters. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity medium; suture shallow; coppery-red, striped with darker red; skin thin, bitter; flesh yellowish, translucent, meaty, tender, juicy, fibrous, mild, subacid, rich; good; stone semi-clinging.

=Monsieur á Fruit Vert.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 441. 1889.

Mathieu found it referred to in _Journal de la Societie Nationale et Centrale d’Horticulture de France_ 281. 1883.

=Mont Barbat d’Ente.= Domestica. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 356. 1891.

An improved type of Agen coming from the Mont Barbat orchard in the Lot Valley, France.

=Montgomery.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =6=:187, 294, 524. 1851.

_Montgomery Prune_ 1.

Found by E. W. Carpenter of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, growing on the premises of a Mr. Montgomery about 1830. Tree very productive; fruit large, oval, purple; quality very good.

=Montmorency.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:35. 1903. =2.= _Quebec Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 9, 66, 68. 1905.

Reine-Claude de Montmorency 2. _Reine-Claude de Montmorency_ 1.

Montmorency is thought to be a seedling of the Reine Claude, imported into Canada in 1790 by Lord Dorchester; extensively cultivated in the eastern part of Quebec but unknown in the United States. Tree very hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity narrow, shallow; stem medium in length; suture indistinct; skin tough, greenish-yellow, blushed with red; flesh yellow, very juicy, moderately firm, sweet, rich; very good; stone small, oval, nearly free.

=Montreal.= Species? =1.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ 64. 1897.

Mentioned by Harold Jones of Martland, Ontario, in the report of the Fruit Experimental Station for 1897.

=Moody.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:15. 1904.

Tree productive; fruit large, reddish-purple, good; mid-season.

=Moon.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:42. 1898.

Fruit of medium size, round; no suture; deep red over a yellow ground; skin thin; flesh moderately firm, subacid; clingstone; mid-season.

=Moore Early.= Insititia. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ =5=:116. 1898.

Moore’s Early 1.

An extremely hardy variety of the Damson type. Tree spreading; fruit of medium size; grows in clusters; dark purple; good; nearly freestone; desirable for jellies and preserves.

=Moreman.= Hortulana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 13. 1899-1900.

Moreman Cherry 1.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska. Tree vigorous; fruit large, bright red; clingstone.

=Morines.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 70. 1699.

A red plum noted only by Quintinye.

=Morin Hâtif.= Cerasifera? =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:59. 1771.

Fruit of medium size, round, red; resembles the Myrobalan plum except that its leaves are larger and its season a little later.

=Mountain.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:35. 1903.

A promising variety from W. W. Dunlop, Outremont, Quebec. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity medium; suture distinct; greenish-yellow more or less overspread with dull coppery-red; dots yellow, distinct; bloom thin; flesh yellowish-green, sweet, rich; very good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Mountain Plum.= Munsoniana? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 86. 1871. =2.= _Gard. Mon._ =20=:177. 1878.

A late variety of the “Chicasaw” group.

=Mount Royal.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:35. 1903.

_Dunlop 54_ 1.

A seedling from W. W. Dunlop, Outremont, Quebec. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity medium deep; suture distinct; dark purple; dots numerous, distinct; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Moyen.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68. 1699.

_Pitch Plum_ 1.

Mentioned by Quintinye as “a dry plum having a sharp and sourish taste.”

=Moyen de Bourgoyne.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:95. 1832.

_Moyen de Bourgogne_ 1.

Probably not the same as the Moyen of Quintinye. According to Prince it is a large, oval, yellow plum, of indifferent quality; late. This name applied to a purple variety is a synonym of Early Perdrigon.

=Moyer.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:54. 1900.

Tree vigorous, unproductive. Fruit of medium size, roundish; stem short; cavity small, shallow; suture shallow; dark reddish-purple; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, pleasant; clingstone.

=Moyret.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:31 fig. 16. 1866-73. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 933. 1869. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 441. 1889.

Moyret’s Gage 2. _Moyrets Gage_ 3. Moyret’s Reine Claude 3. Reine-Claude Moyret 1. _Reine-Claude Moyret_ 2, 3.

A chance seedling of the Reine Claude obtained on M. Moyret’s place at Neuville-sur-Ain, France. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, roundish, reddish to violet-purple; suture wide, shallow; cavity wide, deep; stem rather short; flesh green, fine, a little firm, juicy, sweet, aromatic; of high quality; freestone; mid-season.

=Mudson.= Angustifolia varians? =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 13. 1905.

A productive variety recommended for family use by the Georgia Horticultural Society; fruit yellowish-red, juicy; clingstone; very early.

=Mulberry.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 282. 1845. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:530. 1847. =3.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 332. 1849.

Originated in the garden of Isaac Denniston, Albany, New York. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit large, oval, strongly necked, pale with a few crimson spots; dots white; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, melting, juicy, rich, sugary; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Muldraugh.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Jour. Hort._ =5=:146. 1869.

Muldraugh’s-hill Plum 1.

Found growing wild on Muldraugh’s Hill, Harden County, Kentucky. Tree vigorous, large, unproductive; the clusters of flowers which appear before the leaves are mostly staminate; fruit large, light red.

=Mule.= Munsoniana × _Prunus persica_. =1.= Kerr _Cat_. 18. 1899. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 219. 1901.

A hybrid produced by J. W. Kerr from seed of Wild Goose plum pollinated by the Troth Early peach; introduced by the originator in 1896. Tree resembles the plum; foliage very much like that of the peach; worthless, inasmuch as the buds do not open and contain only deformed anthers and no pistil.

=Muncy.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =3.= _Tex. Dept. Agr. Bul._ =12=:103. 1910.

Muncey 3.

Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size; dull red; clingstone; mid-season.

=Munson.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892. =2.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:479. 1894. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 38. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 197. 1910.

Originated under cultivation by G. Onderdonk, Victoria, Texas; introduced by the originator in 1888. Tree not hardy as far north as Ames, Iowa; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; stem slender; suture a line; bright red; bloom thin; dots many; skin thin; flesh yellow, soft; quality fair; stone oval, flattened, clinging; early.

=Murdy.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:247. 1899. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905.

The Murdy as tested by the Ohio Experiment Station is considered identical with the Pond, but as tested at the Michigan Experiment Station, it ripens two weeks later, has a deeper cavity, finer texture and lighter colored spots on its skin.

=Muscat Free.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:52. 1895. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:15. 1904.

Evidently a strain of the Italian Prune; imported from Hungary in 1894 by the Department of Agriculture and tested at the Michigan Experiment Station. Tree low, spreading, slow-growing; fruit of medium size, long-oval, flattened on one side; suture broad, distinct; black with thick bloom; flesh greenish-yellow, moderately firm, juicy; very good; freestone; not as sweet as Italian Prune and a week later.

=Muscle.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576, 577 fig. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 207. 1676. =3.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ 1529. 1688. =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:105. 1832. =5.= Watkins _Cat._

Red Mussell 1. Black Muscle 4. Black Mussell 1. _Mussel_ 4. _Mussell_ 5. Mussell Plum 1. Red Muscle 2, 3. White Mussell 1.

Of very early European origin, once considered of value but now only used as a stock; the old writers described both a red and a black form. Fruit small, oval, dark red; flesh not juicy; poor; stone large.

=Musk Damson.= Insititia? =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 70. 1699. =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:74. 1768. =3.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:33, Tab. 180 fig. 2. 1796. =4.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:495. 1860. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 933. 1869. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 425. 1889.

Christ’s Damascene 6. _Damas Fin_ 6. Damas Musque 2, 3, 4. _Damas Musque_ 5, 6. _Damasquinée_ 6. _De Chypre_ 5. Die musquat Damaskuspflaume 3. _Feine Damascene_ 6. _Musk Damask_ 6. Musk’d Damask 1. _Muskierte Damascene_ 6. _Musque de Malta_ ?5, 6. _Prune de Chypre_ 2, 5, 6. _Prune de Malte_ 2, 6. _Prune de Malthe_ 5. _Schwarze Muskateller Pflaume_ 6. _Späte Schwarze Damascene_ 6. _Suisina Grossella Piccola_ 6.

Noisette suggests Damascus, Syria, as the probable place of origin of Musk Damson. Fruit small, roundish; suture distinct; cavity small; dark purple; bloom thick; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, musky; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Musk Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= Langley _Pomona_ 92, Pl. 23 fig. 3. 1729.

Fruit nearly black, with a bloom; freestone; early.

=Mussey.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:40. 1892.

Found wild in Kansas; introduced by Abner Allen. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, yellow, mottled with red; flesh firm, good; semi-clinging; very late.

=Nagate-Maru.= Triflora. =1.= _Va. Sta. Bul._ =129=:114. 1901. =2.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 13. 1904. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =68=:13 fig., 31. 1905.

Nagatus maru 2. Nagats-Maru 2.

Resembles Abundance but is three weeks later. Fruit large, oblate-conical, red over yellow; dots numerous; flesh yellow, firm; good.

=Naples.= Domestica. =1.= Wild Bros. _Cat._ 26. 1892. =2.= W. & T. Smith _Nur. Cat._ 24. 1897. =3.= Storrs & Harrison _Cat._ 138. 1893-98.

Beauty of Naples 1, 2, 3.

Naples as catalogued by nurserymen is of the Yellow Egg type although Lyon[228] and Thomas[229] knew a purple variety of this name. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit of medium size, oval; cavity small; skin thin, tender; golden yellow mottled with red in the sun; bloom thin; flesh light yellow, firm, sweet, mild; good; stone oval, rough, clinging; late.

=Native Red.= Species? =1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 87. 1896.

Received by the Fruit Growers’ Association of Ontario from W. N. Snelling of Ottawa. A very attractive bright red plum of medium size.

=Nebraska.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 174. 1901. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:278. 1904.

Tree spreading, vigorous, short-lived, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval; cavity shallow; red with numerous yellow dots; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow, juicy, melting; fair to good; stone medium in size, oval, clinging; late.

=Nebraska Seedling.= Species? =1.= _Country Gent._ =26=:238. 1865.

Reported in 1865 by R. O. Thompson of Nebraska as a freestone plum of great excellence; trees very productive and free from curculio.

=Nebraska Wonder.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:281. 1900.

Found wild in 1892 by A. Webster, Golden, Burt County, Nebraska; introduced by H. P. Sayles, Ames, Iowa, in 1897. Tree dwarf, spreading, prolific, bears early; fruit large, round, slight yellow tinge, mottled red when over-ripe, without astringency when fully ripe; ships well; early.

=Neils.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2d Ser. =3=:54. 1900.

Under test at the Canadian Experimental Farm at Agassiz, British Columbia.

=Nellie.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:49. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 158. 1901.

Nelly 1, 2.

Fruit large, oblate; suture faint; stem medium; yellow blushed with pink; flesh firm, yellow; good; stone of medium size, round, semi-clinging; medium to late.

=Nellie Blanche.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =65=:726 fig., 730. 1906. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =114=:141. 1910.

_Blanche_ 3.

Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; fruited first in 1897. Tree vigorous, upright, productive, bears early; fruit large, oblong; stem medium, set in a small cavity; skin thick; yellow mottled with red; flesh meaty, very sweet and rich; good; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

=Nelson.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 150. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 373. 1866. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:55. 1873. =4.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =21=:20. 1876.

_Knevett’s Late Orleans_ 2, 3. _Monsieur tardif de Knevett_ 3. Nelson’s Victory 1, 2, 4. _Nelson’s Victory_ 3. Victoire de Nelson 3.

An old variety renamed in honor of the famous English admiral. Fruit of medium size, round, deep purple; flesh sweet and pleasant; freestone; mid-season; suitable for culinary purposes.

=Never Fail.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:281. 1900.

Purchased of an Eastern nurseryman for Wolf but proved not true to name; introduced by J. S. Haag, Hosper, Iowa. Tree vigorous, slightly spreading; fruit large, round, red; good; ripe with De Soto.

=New American.= Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =26=:14. 1891. =2.= _Ibid._ =93=:26. 1905.

Of no value in South Dakota because of its lateness.

=New Goderich.= Domestica. =1.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ =4=:66, 102, 110. 1897.

Thought to be a seedling of Lombard. Tree vigorous, spreading, hardy, productive; fruit medium to large, round; stem short, inserted in a shallow cavity; suture distinct; brownish-red with heavy bloom; flesh yellow, coarse; quality poor.

=New Green Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 148. 1831.

Mentioned; probably obsolete.

=New Large Bullace.= Insititia? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 433. 1889.

Grosse Prunelle Nouvelle. _New Large Bullace._

=Newton.= Americana. =1.= Munson _Cat._ 8. 1894. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 23. 1905.

Received by T. V. Munson from Theodore Young of Wichita Falls, Kansas. Munson says this variety is distinct from Newtown Egg. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive; fruit large, oblong, irregular; stem short and stout, set in a small cavity; suture indistinct; dull red; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; freestone; late.

=Newtown Egg.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:40. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 153. 1901.

Newton Egg 2.

Originated with Charles Luedloff, Carver, Minnesota. Tree open, straggling, productive; fruit medium to large, oblong-oval, purplish-red over yellow, thickly sprinkled with many yellow dots; flesh yellow, firm; good; stone long, nearly flat, smooth, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=New Wine Sour.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831.

=Nienburger Egg Plum.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:183. 1873. =2.= Koch _Deut. Obst._ 570. 1876. =3.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 408. 1881. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 548. 1901.

Niemburg Egg 4. _Nienburger Eierpflaume_ 1. Nienburger Eierpflaume 3. Oeuf de Nienburg 1.

Found in the garden of a priest at Nienburg, Hanover, Germany, by M. Oberdieck. Tree vigorous, an early and abundant bearer; fruit large, obovate; suture broad and deep; dark brownish-red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; stone small, free; mid-season. Good for dessert and drying.

=Nikitaer Blaue Fruhzwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 441. 1889. _Bal Erik._ _Blauer Spilling._ _Gus Erik._

=Nikitaer Dattelzwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 444. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 441. 1889.

_Bardak Erik_ 2.

Mentioned as unproductive in dry soil at Jeinsen, Germany.

=Nikitaer Hahnenpflaume.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 441. 1889.

_Hahnenhode._ _Nikitaner Hahnenhode._ _Rognon-de-Coq de Nikita._

=Nikko.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:18. 1898.

Originated by Burbank and introduced in 1898; parentage unknown. Said to be “a good, dark red, red-fleshed, conical plum.”

=Nimon.= Hortulana × Munsoniana. =1.= Munson _Cat._ 7. 1896. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 181. 1901. =3.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 167. 1905.

A seedling of Wayland pollinated by Wild Goose; from T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree moderately hardy, vigorous; fruit medium in size, ovate; cavity shallow; crimson; dots numerous, white; flesh yellow, firm, meaty, sweet; good; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

=Noire Americaine.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 441. 1889.

=Noire de Montreuil.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:68. 1768. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:92. 1832. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 714. 1884. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889.

_Bieler Pflaume_ 4. _Damas Noir Hâtif_ 4. _Early Large Black_ 1. _Frühe Schwarze Pflaume_ 4. _Frühe Grosse Schwarze Pflaume_ 4. _Grosse Früh Pflaume_ 4. _Grosse noir de Montreuil_ 2. _Grosse noire hâtive_ 2, 3, 4. Grosse Noire hâtive 1. Large Early Montreuil 2. Johannispflaume 4. _Large early black_ 2. _La Madeleine_ 3. _Morocco Pflaume_ (of some) 4. _Montreuil_ 2. _Noire de Montreuil_ 1, 2, 4. _Prune de Saint-Jean_ 4. _Saint-Jean_ 4. _Waran Erik_ 4.

According to Duhamel, this name is used for two varieties. One is of medium size, elongated, purplish-black, strongly resembling Gros Damas de Tours; flesh firm, yellowish with a rather agreeable flavor; nearly freestone; early. The other is large, round, of the same color as the first, but its season is later and its flesh is coarse and insipid. For historical notes see Précoce de Tours.

=Nolan.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Jour. Hort._ =5=:148. 1869.

Probably a seedling of Wild Goose which it resembles very closely.

=Nolton Ungarische.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 441. 1889.

Reference found by Mathieu in _Monatsschrift für Pomologie_ 9. 1861.

=Nome.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

From H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Tree vigorous; fruit large, round, red over yellow; good.

=Nona.= Triflora? × Munsoniana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:226. 1899. =2.= _Ibid._ =14=:274, 277. 1901. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:252. 1905.

Originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates, 1897. Tree healthy, upright; foliage healthy, abundant; fruit medium to large, oval; cavity abrupt; stem short; suture obscure; apex slightly pointed; dark red, obscurely striped; dots numerous, small, yellow; bloom light; skin thick, somewhat astringent; flesh yellow mottled with red, fibrous, juicy; good; stone medium, roundish-oval, flattened, clinging; early.

=Norbert.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 373. 1866. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:73. 1873. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 441. 1889. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 360. 1895.

_De Prince_ 4. _Lepine_ 3 and 4 incor. _Norbert_ 3. Norbert’s Pflaume 3. _Prune de Lepine_ 1, 3. _Prune de Prince_ 1, 3. _Schwarze Mirabelle_ 3.

Found wild in the woods of Halanzy, Luxembourg, France. Mas distinguishes Prune de Lepine as a separate variety. Fruit very small, round; suture obscure; dark purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, sweet; stone small, free. Useful for drying.

=Norby.= Americana. =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:298. 1903.

Originated with A. Norby, Madison, South Dakota; No. 13 of his seedlings. Fruit large, roundish; sides unequal; dark red; stone round, flat; mid-season.

=Norby No. 1.= Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:28. 1905.

Originated with A. Norby, Madison, South Dakota. Under test at the South Dakota Experiment Station. The variety bears large, fine fruit of good quality; mid-season.

=Norby No. 11.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:283. 1900. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:28. 1905.

No. 11 1.

Another of A. Norby’s seedlings; grown from seed of selected varieties in 1895. Reported by the South Dakota Experiment Station to be worthy of propagation. Tree upright, hardy, productive; fruit above medium size, oval to roundish-oblong; rich yellow overspread with red; bloom thin; dots small, white, numerous; flesh yellow, firm; good; stone long, oval, nearly free; early.

=Norman.= Munsoniana? =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =20=:177. 1878.

Mentioned by W. S. Carpenter of Rye, New York, in 1878 as an improved variety of the “Chicasaw” group.

=Normand Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:87. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:30, Tab. 177 fig. 1. 1796. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:65. 1832. =4.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc_. 1. 1846. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 441. 1889.

Der blaue Rebhuhn aus der Normandie 2. Normannischer Perdrigon 5. _Norman Perdrigon_ 5. Norman Perdrigon 3. _Perdrigon de Normandie_ 5. Perdrigon Normand 1. _Perdrigon Normand_ 2, 3, 5. Prune Perdrigon Normand 4, 5. _Prunus neustriensis_ 4. _Schwarzer Perdrigon_ 5.

A very good French variety. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture shallow; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, melting, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

Normand’s Seedlings. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =175=:151. 1899.

J. L. Normand,[230] Marksville, Louisiana, disseminated twenty hybrid seedlings, numbered from one to twenty, which were selected from over 30,000 seedlings; most of these are crosses between Triflora and selected native sorts.

Normand No. 5. See Alabama.

Normand No. 11. Triflora ×?

Fruit above medium size, oval to oblong-conic; apex pointed; stem medium, set in a small cavity; yellow overspread with bright red; dots numerous, yellow; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, aromatic, sweet, good; stone long and narrow, clinging; late. Drops before ripe.

Normand No. 12. Triflora ×?

Inferior to No. 11 in color, flesh-characters and keeping quality. Drops before ripe and has a tendency to crack.

Normand No. 15. See Louisiana.

Normand No. 16. Triflora ×?

Fruit resembles No. 12; greenish-white with red blush; flesh pale yellow, soft, juicy, bitter; clingstone; drops before fully ripe.

Normand No. 17. Triflora ×?

Fruit the size of Burbank, somewhat similar in shape but less pointed, greenish-yellow thinly covered with dark red, spattered with dots and broken lines of paler color; flesh greenish, tinged with yellow, very juicy, somewhat acid; poor; clingstone; drops before ripe.

Normand No. 18. Triflora ×?

Equal to No. 11 in size but inferior in quality; keeps and ships well.

Normand No. 19. Triflora ×?

Fruit about the size of Wild Goose, but not as regular in form; color and bloom much the same as that variety; flesh of the same color but firmer and of better quality than Wild Goose; stone medium, clinging; late.

Normand No. 20. See Georgia.

=North.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 934. 1869. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:143. 1873.

_North’s Seedling_ 1.

Raised by Professor North, Clinton, New York. Tree vigorous, bears early, productive; fruit large, roundish-oval; suture broad and shallow; reddish-purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, melting, juicy, sweet; good; clingstone; early.

=North Carolina.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:50. 1897. =3.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897.

N. C. Seedling 1. _North Carolina Seedling_ 2, 3.

J. W. Kerr says this variety is subject to twig-blight; reported of value in Iowa; fruit large, deep red.

=North Star.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:50. 1897. =2.= _Ibid._ =87=:14. 1901.

Originated with Martin Penning, Sleepy Eye, Minnesota, from seed of Surprise; resembles its parent very closely. Tree hardy, dwarfish; fruit large, juicy, sweet; clinging; mid-season.

=Nota Bene.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 257. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 293. 1845. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 425. 1889.

Corse’s Nota Bena 1. Corse’s Nota Bene 2, 3. _Nota Bene de Corse_ 3.

One of the best of the seedlings raised by Henry Corse, Esq., Montreal, Canada. Tree very vigorous, productive and hardy, short-lived; fruit large, round, pale brown sometimes shading to green; flesh greenish, firm, juicy, sweet and rich; good; freestone.

=November Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:92. 1840.

Raised by Henry Corse of Montreal and distributed at the same time as his Nota Bene.

=Noyes.= Americana? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:283. 1900. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:14. 1901.

_Noyes’ Seedling_ 1. Noyes Seedling 2.

Originated with a Mrs. Noyes, Springville, Iowa, about 1881, from pits purchased for California plums; introduced by a Mr. Osborn about 1888. Craig places Noyes in _Prunus hortulana_ and Waugh, while classifying it with the Americanas, suggests that it is _Hortulana mineri_. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish to oblong; apex sometimes flattened or depressed; cavity shallow; suture distinct; skin thick, tough, rather acid; yellow nearly overspread with red; dots numerous, yellow; flesh tinged with red, melting, rich and sweet; good; stone large, clinging; early to mid-season.

=Nutmeg.= Insititia. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 209. 1676.

Fruit the shape of a nutmeg, no larger than a Damson, greenish-yellow; good; late; obsolete.

=Oakley Park Wild.= Species? Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 150. 1831.

=Oatey.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894.

In answer to an inquiry Kerr states that “The Oatey is above medium to large, dull purplish-red when fully matured; clinging. Tree does not succeed here.”

=Oberdieck Gestreifte Eierpflaume.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 442. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 360. 1895.

Introduced into France by M. Oberdieck, the German pomologist. Fruit large, long-oval, yellow blushed with red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; early.

=Oberley.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =2=:120. 1860. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 934. 1869. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:131. 1873.

_Oberley’s Greenwood_ 2. Oberley’s Greenwood 1.

Originated in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, on the farm of a Mr. Oberley. Tree thrifty, very productive; fruit medium in size, round; suture distinct; skin amber, but nearly covered with rosy red; bloom thin; flesh juicy; quality fair; clingstone.

=October.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =20=:454 fig. 1257. 1897.

Sent to the office of the Canadian Horticulturist by A. M. Smith of St. Catherines. Fruit medium in size, roundish; skin thin, dark purple; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, rich, sweet and very agreeable.

=Oddy.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 150. 1831.

Oddy’s.

=Odegard.= Nigra. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:50. 1897. =2.= _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 411. 1899. =3.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:28, 49 fig. 1905.

Odegaard 2.

Originated about 1888 near Brookings, South Dakota; found among a lot of seedlings grown from wild plum pits sent from Minnesota; bought by H. T. Odegard of Brookings; introduced by A. Norby of Madison, South Dakota. Tree very productive, hardy and vigorous; foliage large; fruit large, oblong; suture very shallow from basin to apex; dark red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; early.

=Odell.= Domestica. =1.= _Col., O., Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 31. 1892. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:160. 1899. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =30=:119. 1905.

According to the introducers, Augustine and Company, Normal, Illinois, this variety was found as a seedling growing in a fence corner at Odell, Illinois; introduced about 1890. Resembles and may be identical with Lombard; ripens at the same time.

=Ogeechee.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:64. 1892.

Found wild in Georgia; introduced by G. Bourquin. Fruit of medium size, round, red; clingstone; early.

=Oglesby.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1903. =2.= _Ibid._ 424. 1905.

Reported by H. T. Thompson of Marengo, Illinois, as a small, handsome red plum; freestone; very late.

=Ohio.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 154. 1883. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 187. 1901. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:279. 1904.

_Ohio Prolific_ 2. Ohio Prolific 1, 3.

Tree vigorous, productive, irregular in growth; foliage dense; fruit medium in size, roundish, yellow overspread with bright red; dots numerous, yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, melting; fair in quality; clingstone; mid-season.

=Okaw.= Species? Noted in Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 175. 1890.

=Oku Botan.= Triflora. =1.= _Va. Sta. Bul._ =129=:114. 1901.

A variety sent out by the United States Department of Agriculture.

=Old Gold.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:14. 1901. =3.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:30. 1905.

Introduced by C. W. H. Heideman of Minnesota. Tree hardy, productive, subject to shot-hole fungus; fruit medium in size, round to slightly oblong; cavity shallow; stem slender; clear yellow with a dark red blush; dots small; skin thick, tough; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone roundish-oval, smooth, clinging; mid-season.

=Olive.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629.

Noted by Parkinson as “shrubby; fruit like an olive in color and size; very good; late.”

=Ollie.= Hortulana × Munsoniana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:226. 1899.

Grown by A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Texas; from seed of Wayland crossed with Wild Goose. Fruit medium, oval; cavity shallow; suture obscure; dark red; flesh yellow with some red; stone medium, round, flattened, clinging.

=Olson.= Species? =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:30. 1905.

Found on the Vermilion River, near Vermilion, South Dakota. Tree productive; fruit of fair size; stone very large; late.

=Omaha.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:272. 1901. =2.= _Ibid._ =15=:266. 1902.

From Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska; a cross between Abundance and Brittlewood. Fruit variable in size, nearly spherical; cavity deep, rounded; stem long; suture faint; apex rounded; light red, a shade darker than Wild Goose; dots many, small; bloom considerable; flesh moderately firm, yellow, juicy, rich and sweet; stone rather large, oval, flattened; early; not introduced.

=Omega.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 424. 1905.

Originated by H. A. Terry of Iowa. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, slightly oblong, red over yellow with numerous light dots; good; late.

=Onderka Damascene.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 442. 1889.

_Damas d’Onderka. Onderka._

=Ontario.= Species? =1.= _Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 38. 1874. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:54. 1900.

Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit medium to large, roundish-oval, marbled yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; clingstone; early to mid-season.

=Opata.= _Prunus besseyi_ × (Munsoniana × Triflora). =1.= _Circ S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

Opata was grown by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station from a cross between Golden and _Prunus besseyi_; introduced in a small way in 1908. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity wide; dark red; bloom rather heavy; flesh green; said to be good; stone small; very early.

=Orange.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:59. 1771.

_Prune de Orange_ 1.

Fruit of medium size, oval, yellow blushed with red; flesh soft and juicy; good; freestone.

=Orange Cherry.= Species? =1.= _Kerr Cat._ 18. 1899.

_Orange’s Cherry Plum_ 1.

Originated in Florida where it is grown as a substitute for the cherry.

=Orel No. 21.= Domestica. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:30. 1905.

Introduced from Russia by Professor J. L. Budd of Iowa about 1882. Unproductive and deficient in hardiness.

=Orenge.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576, 577 fig. 1629.

Mentioned by Parkinson as “a yellowish plum, moist and somewhat sweetish.”

=Oriental.= Triflora. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =64=:743. 1905. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 234. 1907.

_Perry’s Seedling_ 1.

Introduced by F. L. Perry of Bridgeport, Connecticut, as a cross between Burbank and Satsuma. Tree hardy, vigorous; fruit large; skin thin; flesh dark, sweet; good; ripens two or three weeks earlier than Satsuma and hangs a month after ripening.

=Orillia.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =26=:422. 1903.

A seedling shown at the Orillia fruit exhibit in 1903; grown from a Lombard seed by Frank Kean. Tree vigorous, bears regularly; fruit similar in size and appearance to Quackenboss with a smaller stone and heavier bloom.

=Osage.= Munsoniana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Me. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:66. 1896. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 188. 1901. =4.= _Tex. Dept. Agr. Bul._ =12=:103. 1910.

Osage 48 2. _Wonder_ 4.

Tree productive, tender; fruit medium in size, round to oval; cavity shallow; stem slender; bright red with numerous light dots flesh yellow; quality fair; stone medium, oval, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Ottoman Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =9=:347. 1900.

Received by this Station for testing in 1890 from L. M. Macomber, North Ferrisburgh, Vermont, as a seedling of Imperial Ottoman. Tree productive; fruit medium to large, oval, suture slight or lacking; stem an inch long, slender, inserted with scarcely a depression; dull red or greenish-red; bloom thin; flesh yellowish-green, juicy, sweet; very good; stone medium, oval, small wing; early to mid-season.

=Outremont.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:38. 1903.

Under test at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

=Overall.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 716. 1884.

Fruit large, oval; suture faint; stem three-quarters of an inch long inserted without a depression; dark purple; flesh coarse, pleasantly flavored; clingstone; mid-season.

=Owatona.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:52. 1897. =2.= _Wis. Hort. So. Rpt._ 137. 1899. =3.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:31. 1905.

A wild variety from Owatonna, Minnesota. Trees hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, oblong; suture distinct; red; flesh yellow, tender, bitter; lacking in flavor; mid-season.

=Owen Sound.= Species? =1.= _Can. Hort._ =11=:259. 1888. =2.= _Ibid._ =14=:350. 1891.

Owen Sound Beauty 1, 2.

A seedling grown by R. Trotter of Owen Sound, Ontario, from pits of an unnamed plum. Tree strong, healthy; fruit large, roundish-oblong; suture distinct, dividing the plum into unequal parts; brownish-purple; dots light, numerous; bloom thick; flesh orange, very juicy, rich and excellent; freestone; late.

=Oxford.= Nigra. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:52. 1897. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:30. 1905.

This variety is from Minnesota and resembles Aitken, but is more vigorous; lacks productiveness; fruit large, roundish-oval, deep red; flesh orange-yellow; good; stone large, thin, clinging; very early.

=Oyama.= Triflora. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 119. 1904. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 66. 1905.

A seedling of the Red June grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, from seed planted in 1895. Fruit of medium size, roundish to broad-oval; cavity narrow, of medium depth, abrupt; suture a distinct line, not depressed; apex rounded; deep red; dots obscure; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, juicy; sweet, not rich; quality medium; stone small, oval, clinging.

=Paddock Magnum Bonum.= Domestica. =1.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 420. 1846.

Originated from a pit brought from Russia in 1805 by a Captain Paddock. Closely resembles the Red Magnum Bonum of which it may be a seedling; clingstone.

=Paine.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Jour. Hort._ =3=:97. 1868.

Paine’s Seedling 1.

A chance seedling raised by A. W. Paine of Bangor, Maine. Fruit medium to large; oval; cavity shallow, one-sided with a small lip; stem long, stout; suture slight; golden-yellow, blotched with red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, coarse, rich, sweet; clingstone; early.

=Paisan Blanche.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:60. 1771.

Paisan Blanche et Double 1. _Prune de Paisan blanche and simple_ 1.

Fruit large, round; suture large, deep; greenish-yellow; flesh soft, juicy; good; clingstone; very productive.

=Paisan Noire.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:60. 1771.

Prune de Paisan Noire 1.

Said to resemble “Paisan Blanche” in form, size and productiveness but is purple and the suture is a little deeper, flesh more watery and inferior in flavor.

=Palmer.= Triflora. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 46. 1895. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 47. 1897.

Probably a seedling of Abundance, grown by J. S. Breece of Fayetteville, North Carolina, about 1892. Fruit of medium size, roundish-conical, coppery-red with numerous russet dots; bloom light; skin thin, bitter; flesh yellowish, translucent with yellow veins, meaty, tender, juicy, fibrous, mild subacid, rich; good to very good; stone large, long, oval, clinging; very early.

=Pander.= Triflora. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 47. 1897.

A seedling of Abundance grown by J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, North Carolina. Fruit large, roundish, light to dark crimson; dots minute russet, raised; bloom slight; skin thin, slightly bitter; flesh yellow, translucent, rather firm, meaty, juicy, sugary vinous, rich; very good; stone oval, medium in size, clinging; season with Wild Goose.

=Pappaconi.= Domestica. =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:499. 1860.

Imported into France from the Royal Gardens of Naples. Fruit larger than Dame Aubert, brilliant yellow, ripens in September.

=Papeleu.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 716. 1884.

Fruit medium in size, round, symmetrical; stem moderately long, set in a narrow depression; suture very shallow; golden-yellow when ripe, mottled with pale straw color; dots small, crimson; bloom light; flesh yellow, tender and juicy, rich, sugary and highly flavored; freestone; mid-season.

=Paquet.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 26, Col. Pl. 1894.

Originated in 1889 with Peter Paquet, Oregon City, Oregon. Fruit very large, oval; cavity large, deep, regular; stem about an inch long, rather stout, curved; suture moderate; apex truncated; yellow washed with red; dots many, yellow; skin thick; flesh yellow; very good; stone oval, semi-clinging; early.

=Park.= Domestica ×? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Ibid._ 25. 1897. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905.

Kerr says this is reputed to be a hybrid of _Prunus domestica_ with a native variety. Tree upright-spreading; fruit above medium size, oblong-oval; cavity broad and deep; stem of medium length, stout; greenish-yellow; flesh yellow; good; stone of medium size, clinging; mid-season.

=Parker.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:52. 1897.

Reported as very productive and regular in bearing; fruit large; good; early.

=Parrott.= Species? =1.= _Kan. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =30=:63. 1908-09.

Parrott originated with A. H. Griesa, Lawrence, Kansas. Fruit small, bright red; bloom thin; stone small; very late.

=Parsonage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 367. 1857.

Originated at Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York. Tree very vigorous, upright, productive; fruit medium to large, oval; stem medium; cavity small; pale yellow splashed with green; flesh yellow, juicy, rich; freestone; mid-season.

=Partridge.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:54. 1900. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 548. 1901.

Grown at the Experimental Farm, Agassiz, British Columbia. Tree vigorous; fruit medium, round; suture distinct; red with white bloom; flesh yellowish, sweet, pleasant; early.

=Pasqua.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

Sent out by Thomas Frankland, Stonewall, Manitoba. Fruit large, red; late.

=Pathfinder.= Triflora × (Triflora × Simonii?) =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =68=:752. 1909.

Pathfinder, a cross between Chabot and Wickson, was grown by William Strong Arkansas. Fruit heart-shaped, strongly pointed, dark colored; flesh firm, fine-grained and sweet.

=Patten A.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:286. 1900.

Received by the Iowa Experiment Station from C. G. Patten, Charles City, Iowa, with whom the variety originated. Fruit medium in size, ellipsoidal, flattened at both ends; cavity deep; suture a well-marked groove; bright red to purplish-red; dots small, numerous; bloom thin; flesh firm, meaty; good; stone of medium size, winged, flat, clinging; not introduced.

=Patten B.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:286. 1900.

Of the Stoddard type, from C. G. Patten, Charles City, Iowa. Fruit medium to large, conical, somewhat pointed; cavity shallow; stem long; suture clearly outlined; apex pointed; dark purplish-red; dots numerous, small; bloom thick; skin thick, brittle; flesh yellow-brown; good; stone large, flat, clinging.

=Peach Leaf.= Hortulana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:52. 1897. 2. _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:285. 1898.

_Peachleaf_ 2.

A variety of unknown origin grown for many years by B. A. Mathews of Iowa. Given as synonymous to Kanawha by the American Pomological Society. Waugh says this is an error. Fruit medium in size, round; cavity slight; suture a faint line; deep wine red; dots many, small; flesh yellow, firm; good; stone medium, rough.

=Peach-plum.= Domestica. =1.= _Ray Hist. Plant._ =2=:1529. 1688. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676.

Peach Plum 1.

A yellow variety grown in the Seventeenth Century.

=Peake.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629.

Parkinson says of it, “long, whitish and very good.”

=Pearl.= Americana mollis. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 11. 1898. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 5. 1900. =3.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 424. 1905.

From H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; grown from seed of Van Buren planted about 1891. Tree very productive, vigorous, upright; fruit large, white becoming pale red; of best quality; ripens last of August.

=Pear Plum.= Domestica. =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:45, Tab. 199 fig. 2. 1796. =2.= _N. E. Farmer Dict._ 266. 1797.

Die veilchenfarbige Birnpflaume 1. _Prune poire grosse violette_ 1.

Kraft in 1796 described a little-known Pear plum. Tree medium in size, unproductive; fruit very large, pear-shaped; suture distinct; stem long; reddish-purple; flesh juicy, unpleasant; freestone. This may or may not be the same as the New England variety of this name mentioned in the references.

=Peasant.= Species? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:55. 1900.

Tested by the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, British Columbia. Tree vigorous; fruit small, roundish, purple; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet; mid-season.

=Peerless.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry and introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, oblong, dark red; skin thin; flesh yellow, firm; good; freestone.

=Pekin.= Species? Letter from Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska.

=Pendent.= Munsoniana × Hortulana mineri. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 19. 1898. =2.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:18. 1898.

A cross between Pottawattamie and Forest Garden from Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska; introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1898. Tree slender, a rapid grower, productive; fruit medium to large, roundish inclined to oblong, red; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Penning.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 11. 1897. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 160. 1901.

_Penning’s Free_ 2. Penning’s Free 1.

Originated with Martin Penning of Minnesota; a perfect freestone.

=Penning Peach.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 7. 1896. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:52. 1897. =3.= Kerr _Cat._ 11. 1899.

C. W. H. Heideman of Minnesota says this variety was introduced about thirty years ago as the Peach plum and was sold under that name by Northwestern nurserymen; he added the name Penning to avoid confusion; it closely resembles Harrison and is by some considered identical with that variety. Tree hardy and healthy, a shy bearer; fruit medium to large, oblong, purplish-red; flesh sweet; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Penobscot.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =1=:196. 1846. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 428. 1854. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 222, 244. 1858.

Originated about 1840 with James McLaughlin of Bangor, Maine. Rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1858. Tree productive; fruit large, oval; suture distinct; cavity small; stem of medium length; greenish-yellow with a red blush in the sun; bloom thin; flesh yellow, sweet; flavor pleasant; stone long, pointed at both ends, clinging; early.

=Pennock.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Domestica? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:18. 1898. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:43. 1898.

Pennock’s Hybrid 2.

Pennock was raised in 1893 by C. E. Pennock of Fort Collins, Colorado, from seed of _Prunus besseyi_ supposed to have been pollinated by Arctic. Tree dwarfish, upright; leaves of medium size, ovate, coarsely serrate, thickish, finely tomentose on either side; petiole short, stiff, sometimes with one gland at the base of the blade; fruit small, roundish; suture slight; deep blue; bloom heavy; flavor intermediate between the plum and cherry; stone small, round and cherry-like.

=Peoly Early Blue.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 309. 1845. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 346. 1849.

From Massachusetts. Fruit medium in size, oblong; stem short; suture obscure; dark blue; bloom light; flesh yellow; pleasant; fair quality; semi-clinging; early.

=Perdrigon des Alpes.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 151. 1831.

The London Horticultural Society listed Perdrigon des Alpes and Perdrigon Violet des Alpes as distinct varieties but there seems to be little difference between them.

=Perdrigon of Cernay.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 69. 1699.

_Cernay Perdrigon_ 1.

Mentioned in the preceding reference as round or oblate, with a dry and mealy flesh.

=Perdrigon Tardif.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 67. 1699. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 151. 1831. =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:125. 1873. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889.

_Damas de Septembre_ 4 incor. _Königs Pflaume aus Paris_ 4. Königspflaume von _Paris_ 3. Later Perdrigon 1. _Royale de Paris Tardive_ 4. _September Damascene_ 4 incor. _Späte Herrn Pflaume_ 4. _Späte Königs Pflaume_ 4. _Späte Königs Pflaume aus Paris_ 4. Später Perdrigon 4. _Später Perdrigon_ 3.

Quintinye, in 1699, mentioned a Later Perdrigon which is probably this variety. Duhamel confused this variety with the Impératrice but they are distinct. In America this Perdrigon is unknown. Tree small; leaves small, obovate; flowers very small; fruit small, roundish-ellipsoid; suture distinct; skin thick, purplish-black; stem short; cavity shallow; flesh yellowish, fine, firm, sweet; freestone; late.

=Pershore.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 375. 1866. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:111. 1873. =3.= _Garden_ =49=:225. 1896.

Pershore Yellow Egg 3.

Grown largely in the Pershore district, Worcester County, England. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, obovate; suture indistinct; golden-yellow; flesh clear yellow, neither juicy nor sweet; quality fair; stone small, clinging; fit only for culinary purposes; propagated by suckers.

=Petite Quetsche Sucrée.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:181. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889.

_Ananas Zwetsche_ 2. Kleine Zuckerzwetsche 2. _Kleine Zucker Zwetsche_ 1.

A German variety produced from seed of Violette Diaper. Fruit small, oval; suture shallow; cavity small; stem slender; dark purple; bloom thick; flesh yellow, fine-grained, juicy, sweet; freestone; mid-season.

=Phiolenartige Gelbe Zwetsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 442. 1889.

Mathieu found the name of this variety in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 288. 1884.

=Pilot.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:24, 52. 1897. =2.= _Ibid._ =87=:15. 1901. =3.= _Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:31. 1904.

Originated with M. E. Hinckley at Marcus, Iowa, from seed of a wild plum gathered on the Little Sioux River near Cherokee, Iowa; seed planted in 1870. Tree open, spreading, drooping; fruit large, oblong-oval with rounded apex; suture distinct; yellow mottled with light and dark red; skin thick, tough; flesh firm, rich and sweet; good; stone long-oval, pointed, margined; mid-season; cracks and rots in wet seasons.

=Pink Damson.= Insititia? =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 93. 1885.

Fruit small, pinkish-red; flesh light pink, soft; quality fair; very early.

=Pioneer Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Pioneer Nur. Cat._ 1900.

A variety grown for several years by the Pioneer Nursery Company, Salt Lake City, Utah; discarded because of its close resemblance to the Italian Prune.

=Piper.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 162. 1891. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:52. 1897. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:287. 1900. =4.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:15, 16 fig. 4. 1901.

Piper’s Peach 1, 2, 3. _Piper’s Peach_ 4.

Found wild near Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minnesota, about 1887 by J. S. Harris of Crescent, Minnesota. Tree vigorous, upright, hardy, productive; fruit large, round, bright red; flesh orange-yellow, sweet and rich; good; stone roundish, slightly margined, nearly free; mid-season; mentioned in the catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1899.

=Piram.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892. =2.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:490, 491. 1894. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 197. 1901.

A seedling from Goliad County, Texas, originated by G. Onderdonk; named after Piram Hall about 1875. Tree hardy, productive; fruit medium to large, roundish; suture indistinct; light yellow; dots white; bloom thin; skin thin and tender; flesh yellow, soft, sweet; fair to good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Pissardi.= Cerasifera. =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 191. 1881. =2.= _Gard. Mon._ =25=:367. 1883. =3.= _Rural N. Y._ =44=:479. 1885. =4.= _Gard. and For._ =1=:178. 1888. =5.= _Garden_ =55=:314. 1899. =6.= Bailey _Cyc. Hort._ 1447. 1901.

_Prunus Cerasifera Atropurpurea_ 5. _Prunus Pissardi_ 5. _Prunus Pissardii_ 3. Purple-leaved Plum 3. The Purple Myrobalan 5. Prunus Pissardi 1, 2, 4.

See _Prunus cerasifera_, p. 000. Tree large; shoots purplish; foliage while unfolding tinged with red, later becoming dark purple; fruit medium in size; skin purplish, showing color in unripe stage, thin, tough; suture obscure; flesh firm, juicy, moderately acid, inferior in quality; clingstone.

=Plantz.= Domestica. =1.= _Cal. State Bd. Hort. Rpt._ 129, 130 fig. 1891.

Plantz’s Seedling 1.

A chance seedling found by W. A. Plantz of New Castle, California, about 1883. Tree thrifty, productive; fruit large, oval, tapering towards the stem, reddish-purple; flesh yellow, sugary, rich, juicy and sweet; ripens in California about three weeks before the Hungarian Prune.

=Plunk.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:44. 1897. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 9. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 160. 1901.

_Large Red Sweet_ 3. Large Red Sweet 1, 2.

Introduced by Charles Luedloff, Cologne, Minnesota. Tree a rapid grower with good foliage; fruit large, round, dark red or purplish-red; flesh reddish, not juicy, very sweet; good; clingstone; early.

=Pomaria.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 189. 1867.

A seedling of the Reine Claude from South Carolina, about 1867. Tree productive; fruit medium in size, blue; bloom heavy; superior to its parent in flavor.

=Pomona.= Americana × Hortulana mineri? =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:31. 1904.

Originated by E. D. Cowles, Vermilion, South Dakota; under test at the South Dakota Experiment Station. Said to be “a natural cross of Forest Garden and Miner.”

=Pond Purple.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 209. 1835. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 309. 1845. =3.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 344 fig. 368. 1867.

_Pond’s Purple_ 2. Pond’s Seedling 2, 3.

Grown in the garden of Henry Hill, Boston; introduced by Samuel Pond of Cambridge, Massachusetts. As it resembles the well-known Pond, it has been confused with that variety. Young branches downy; fruit of medium size, roundish; stem short; purple; flesh yellowish, rather dry, sweet, mingled with acid; quality fair; freestone; early.

=Pontbriant.= Domestica. =1.= _Pom. France_ =7=:30 fig. 1871. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 344. 1887.

De Pontbriant 2. Prune De Pontbriant 1.

Raised by M. F. Morel, Lyons, France, from seed of the Purple Gage planted in 1851. Tree of medium vigor; fruit large, round, a little more truncated at the base than at the apex; cavity narrow, shallow; stem long and stout; suture shallow and wide; reddish-purple, deeper on the sunny side; bloom heavy; flesh pale yellow, medium fine grained, melting, very juicy, with a very sweet and aromatic flavor; freestone.

=Pontford.= Domestica. =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 46. 1892?

Tree very productive; fruit of medium size, purple; mid-season; suitable for market.

=Pontotoc.= Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:286. 1898.

Mentioned in the catalog of F. T. Ramsey in 1898 as not yet well tested.

=Porsch Rote Zwetsche.= Species? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 443. 1889.

=Potter.= Americana? =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 233. 1901.

Mentioned by Waugh who says it originated in Cherokee County, Iowa, and is probably an Americana.

=Poupart.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 717. 1884.

Poupart’s 1.

Mr. Poupart, market gardener at Brompton, grew this variety, according to Hogg, who says it is an enormous bearer and an excellent preserving plum. Fruit medium, nearly round, resembling Purple Gage; light purple, dotted and streaked with darker shades; flesh reddish, firm, sweet, with a Sloe flavor; freestone.

=Powell Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 48. 1892?

Mentioned in the preceding reference as a new variety. Tree vigorous, productive and large.

=Prairie Flower.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Col., O., Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =5=:10. 1890. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 276. 1893. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:54. 1895. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 175. 1901.

Prairie 3. _Prairie Flower_ 3.

Prairie Flower, a supposed seedling of Miner, originated in Adrian County, Missouri; introduced by Stark Brothers about 1884. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; cavity shallow; skin thick, red over yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellow; good; stone oval, slightly flattened, clinging; season late. Mentioned in the last two issues of the catalog of the American Pomological Society.

=Prairie Rose.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at the Experimental Farm at Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size, red; good; mid-season.

=Précoce Defresne.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 443. 1889.

=Précoce de Freudenberg.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 156, 361. 1895.

Freudenberger Früh Pflaume 1. _Freudenberger Früh Pflaume_ 2. _Précoce de Freudenberg_ 1.

This variety is of German origin. Fruit of medium size, oval, reddish-brown; flesh yellow, firm; good; early.

=Précoce de Lucas.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 2d App. 156. 1876. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889. =3.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 474. 1894.

Lucas Frühzwetsche 2, 3. _Précoce de Lucas_ 2. _Quetsche Précoce de Lucas_ 2.

Of foreign origin; tree vigorous, an early and abundant bearer; fruit large, oval; stem long, slender; dark blue; bloom heavy; flesh greenish, juicy, sweet; freestone; mid-season.

=Précoce de Reutlinger.= Domestica. _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 433. 1905.

Précoce de Reutlinger Prune 1.

Tested at the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, British Columbia. Fruit below medium size, oval; stem short; cavity small; suture well defined and one side enlarged; deep purple; flesh yellowish, tender, sweet, juicy, rich; stone small, free; mid-season.

=Premium.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:41. 1892. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:43. 1898. Peffer’s Premium 1, 2.

Introduced by George P. Peffer of Pewaukee, Wisconsin. Tree vigorous with an open top, productive; leaves of medium size, broad-ovate; fruit medium in size, round or inclining to oblate; cavity very shallow; stem medium; suture nearly obsolete; deep red over orange-yellow; dots numerous, small; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm; fair to good; stone circular, smooth, clinging; mid-season.

=Preserver.= Triflora × Angustifolia varians. 1. _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:18. 1898. 2. Kerr _Cat._ 11. 1900.

A supposed cross between Kelsey and Early Red; from D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by William A. Yates in 1897. Tree vigorous, compact; fruit of medium size, roundish, dark red; flesh red, firm; mid-season.

=President.= Americana. 1. Meneray _Cat._ The President 1.

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry, and introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree productive; fruit large, yellow, covered with red; flesh yellow, sweet, rich, firm; semi-clinging.

=President.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. World_ =12=:123. 1895. =2.= _Garden_ =58=:294. 1900. =3.= _Ibid._ =64=:262. 1903.

Raised by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England; first fruited in 1894 and introduced in 1901 by the originator. Tree compact, productive; fruit large, oval, deep purple almost black; bloom heavy; flesh with a sweet, rich flavor; freestone; late. Recommended for culinary and market use.

=President.= Triflora × Simonii. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:226. 1899.

Grown by Luther Burbank as a seedling of Wickson; named by Waugh in 1899. Fruit large, heart-shaped; cavity deep, rounded; stem short, very stout; suture shallow; apex pointed; dark, fire-red; dots many, minute; bloom thin; skin thin; flesh firm, meaty, yellow; flavor peculiar, a trifle like musk-melon; quality poor; stone large, oval, pointed, flattened, semi-clinging.

=President Courcelles.= Domestica. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 361. 1895. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 401. 1898. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:55. 1900.

President Courcelle 3.

Tested at the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, British Columbia. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, globular or sometimes heart-shaped; suture shallow; purple; flesh pale yellow or greenish, juicy, sweet, pleasant; mid-season.

=Presley.= Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:227. 1899.

From A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Texas. Waugh says its parentage is probably Miner by Wayland. Fruit of medium size, inclined to oval; cavity shallow; bright red; dots numerous, indistinct; flesh yellow; good; stone small, round, flattened, clinging.

=Price.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

Prof. Price 1.

A seedling grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, oblong, yellow, tinged with red; good; clingstone.

=Pride of Waterloo.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 182 fig. 1881. =2.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =44=:92. 1899.

_Pride of Waterloo?_ 2.

Raised by A. H. Doles, Waterloo, New York, from seed of Smith Orleans; distinct from Pond with which it is sometimes confused. Tree upright, vigorous, very productive; branches smooth, reddish-brown; fruit large, oval, narrowing towards the stem; suture indistinct; cavity large; stem medium in length and thickness; reddish-purple; bloom thin; flesh deep yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet, sprightly, not rich; stone slightly adherent; mid-season.

=Primate.= Domestica. =1.= Rivers _Cat._ 35. 1898-9. =2.= Thompson _Gard. Ass’t_ =4=:159. 1901. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 433. 1905.

A seedling first fruited by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, in 1890, and introduced by him in 1897. Fruit large, round; stem short, set in a medium cavity; suture distinct; sides often unequal; purplish-red; dots numerous, small, golden; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet; good; stone small, free; ripens late and hangs well after maturing.

=Prince.= Domestica. =1.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1529. 1688.

Ray mentions a variety by this name. It may be the same as Gloucestershire Violet.

=Prince Early Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:87. 1832.

_Prince’s Early Purple_ 1.

A seedling raised by William Prince. Fruit of medium size, ovate, dark purple, pleasant; freestone; early.

=Prince Orange Egg.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 392. 1857. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:187. 1873.

Oeuf Orange De Prince 2. _Prince’s Orange Egg_ 2.

Grown by William Prince. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, globular; cavity medium; stem short, stout; reddish-purple; dots brownish-yellow; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, a little coarse, juicy, sweet and sprightly, not rich; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Prince Orange Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 405. 1857.

Noted only by Downing, who describes it as follows: “Fruit medium, roundish-oval; suture moderate; skin yellow; stalk long, set in an open cavity; flesh light yellow, coarse, juicy, pleasant, but not rich; adheres to the stone; first of September.”

=Prince Primordian.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 25. 1828. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:79. 1832.

Prince’s Blue Primordian 1. _Prince’s Blue Primordian_ 2.

A seedling of White Primordian, grown by William Prince. A very early variety, of about the same size as its parent, oval in shape, blue; flesh pleasantly flavored.

=Pringle.= Insititia? =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 503, Pl. 63. 1905.

Pringle is a Damson-like variety originating as a sprout from the stock of a Lombard tree in the orchard of A. C. Pringle, Mears, Michigan; introduced by E. Hawley & Sons of Hart, Michigan, about 1896.

=Pringle Blue.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =12=:612. 1893.

Received by the New York Experiment Station in 1890 from L. M. Macomber, North Ferrisburg, Vermont. Tree very productive; fruit large, irregular-oval; cavity medium; suture shallow; skin thin, tender; purplish-black; bloom thick; dots small, numerous; flesh pale yellow, dry, firm; flavor flat; fair; stone semi-clinging; mid-season; of no value.

=Pringle Purple.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =9=:347. 1890.

Received by the New York Experiment Station in 1890 from L. M. Macomber, North Ferrisburg, Vermont. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, compressed; cavity small; suture a line; skin thin, tender; reddish-purple, unattractive; bloom thinnish; dots small, numerous; flesh light yellow, moderately juicy, slightly fibrous, firm, mild; good; stone nearly free; mid-season; of no value.

=Procureur.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:63. 1873.

_Platte Hellrothe Königspflaume_ 1.

Probably of French origin. Tree vigorous, early, productive; fruit large, round, flattened at the ends; suture well defined; dull yellow, almost covered with bright purple; bloom thin; flesh pale yellow, juicy, sweet, aromatic; quality fair; stone small, free; mid-season.

=Profuse.= Species? Letter from Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska.

=Prof. Wittmack.= Insititia? × Domestica? =1.= _Gard. Chron._ =3=:364. 1888.

The parentage of this variety is not definitely known but it is thought to be a Mirabelle crossed with Italian Prune; grown by Herr Ulhorn, Grevenbroich, Lower Rhenish Prussia. A sweet plum of the prune type; freestone; good for either dessert or drying.

=Pruneau.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 117. 1875.

Reported from Quebec, Canada, in 1875; commonly grown from suckers.

=Prune d’Agen Double.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 420. 1889.

=Prune d’Amour.= Domestica. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 421. 1889.

=Prune d’Automne.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:9. 1873.

_Herbstpflaume_ 1.

Raised by Dr. Dorell of Kuttenberg, Bohemia. Tree of capricious growth; fruit small, globular; suture indistinct; purplish-black; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; good; freestone; late.

=Prune de Laghouat.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 438. 1889.

=Prune d’Ente Impériale.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

=Prune de Rudolphe.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:189. 1873.

_Rudolph’s Pflaume_ 1.

Liegel received this variety in 1842 from Count Bressler of Hungary. Origin uncertain. Tree vigorous, an early and prolific bearer; fruit medium in size, obovate; suture indistinct; golden-yellow, dotted with red; flesh clear yellow, sweet, juicy; good; stone obovate, clinging; mid-season.

=Prune de Seigneur.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889.

Prune de Prince.

=Prune Tardive.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 2nd App. 157. 1876.

Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit below medium size, oval; stem long, slender, set in a small cavity; black; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; freestone; very late.

=Pseudo Mirabelle.= Insititia. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831.

=Purple Favorite.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 307. fig. 126. 1845. =2.= _N. Y. Agr. Soc. Rpt._ 293 fig. 1848. =3.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:455, 456 fig. 27. 1850. =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:83, fig. 42. 1866-73.

Favorite Pourpre 4. _Purple Favourite_ 4.

The original tree of Purple Favorite was planted at Newburgh, New York, by the father of A. J. Downing; from whence it came is not known. Fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity slight; suture lacking; brownish-purple; bloom thin; flesh pale yellow, tender, juicy, sweet; quality very good; stone small, round, free; mid-season. Listed in the American Pomological Society catalog since 1852.

=Purple Flesh.= Triflora. =1.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ 1909.

A purple-fleshed variety introduced by Stark Brothers and recommended by them as being hardy.

=Purple-leaved Hybrid.= Triflora × Cerasifera. =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 16 fig. 1893.

_K. P. 193_ 1.

A seedling of Kelsey pollinated by Pissardi; from Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, California. Resembles the male parent in wood, bark, leaves, flowers and fruit; very ornamental on account of its large purple leaves. Fruit larger than Pissardi, dark purple with many white dots; bloom thin; flesh reddish-purple throughout, firm, subacid; good; ripens several weeks before Kelsey.

=Purple Panhandle.= Angustifolia watsoni. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Ibid._ 21. 1897. =3.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 222, 223. 1898. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 233. 1901.

Introduced from the Panhandle of Texas by F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Texas. Tree small, rapid in growth; fruit below medium in size, round-oblong, inclining to conic, purplish-red; quality poor; clingstone; early to mid-season.

=Purple Yosemite.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =20=:176. 1878. =2.= _Penin. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 65. 1891. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:32. 1903.

Yosemite 1. Yosemite Purple 3.

Introduced by W. S. Carpenter of Rye, New York, who secured it from the “Rocky Mountains.” Fruit large, roundish; cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thick, deep, dull red; dots yellow, distinct; bloom medium thick; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone oval, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Puymirol d’Ente.= Domestica. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 356. 1891.

Originated at Puymirol in the southwest of France; introduced into California; a type of the Agen. Tree productive; fruit large, inclined to oblong; flesh very sweet; ripens a little earlier than Agen.

=Quaker.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 308. 1884. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 160. 1901.

Found in the wild by Joseph Bundy of Springville, Linn County, Iowa; introduced about 1862 by H. C. Raymond, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, roundish; cavity shallow; suture a line; stem long; skin thick, dark red; bloom thick; dots many; flesh yellow, sweet, pleasant; good; stone large, oblique-oval, flattened, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Quality.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:24, 55. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:287. 1900. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:15. 1907.

_Gaylord Quality_ 2.

Of unknown origin; top-grafted about 1880 by Edson Gaylord of Nora Springs, Iowa, who afterwards distributed the variety. Fruit below medium in size, round, dull purplish-red; dots white; bloom heavy; flesh soft; quality fair; stone turgid; mid-season.

=Quebec.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:38. 1903.

=Queen.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:31. 1903.

_Golden Queen_ 1.

From H. A. Terry coming from unknown parents and bearing its first crop in 1897. Tree upright; fruit large, round, bright golden-yellow; very good; said to be excellent for canning or dessert.

=Queen May.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:36. 1903.

First grown by Thomas Clark, Chateaugay, Quebec. Tree strong and productive; fruit large, round; cavity narrow; suture indistinct; greenish-yellow; bloom thin; dots indistinct; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweet, rich; very good; clingstone.

=Queen Mother.= Domestica? =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576, 577, 578. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 207. 1676. =3.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1529. 1688. =4.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 69, 70. 1699. =5.= Langley _Pomona_ 94, Pl. XXIV fig. 3. 1729. =6.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:87. 1832. =7.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 310. 1845. =8.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 291. 1846. =9.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:41. 1866-73. =10.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 719. 1884. =11.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437, 448. 1889. =12.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 361. 1895.

_Cherry_ of some ?1, ?3. _Coeur de Pigeon_ 11. Damaske Violet ?1. _Damas Violet_ 7, 11, 12. Königin Mutter 11. _Moschatelle_ of some 3. Muscadine ?1. Petit Damas Rouge 9, 12. _Petit Damas Rouge_ 6, 11. _Pigeon’s Heart_ 7, 10, 11, 12. Pigeons Heart 4. _Queene Mother_ of some 1. _Queen Mother_ 9, 11, 12. _Red Queen Mother_ 7, 11. _Rotes Taubenherz_ 11. Rotes Taubenherz 11. _Small Red Damask_ 6. Small Red Damson 6.

Queen Mother and Damas Violet have been confused for nearly three centuries, yet they are distinct, as our descriptions show. Hogg thought the Queen Mother mentioned by Ray and pictured as a cordate-shaped fruit by Parkinson, was the Myrobalan. Tree medium in size, compact, spherical; fruit small, nearly round; suture slightly pronounced, halves equal; cavity nearly lacking; stem medium in length; skin red to violet on the sunny side; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Queen of Arkansas.= Species? Mentioned in _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:490. 1894.

=Quetsche à feuille argentee.= Species? =1.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 362. 1895.

_Frühzwetsche mit Silberblatt_ 1. _Silberblattrige Zwetsche_ 1.

A variety from Hungary having silvery-colored leaves; said to ripen two weeks before the German Prune.

=Quetsche Aplatie.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:23. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 423. 1889.

Breitgedrückte Zwetsche 2. Breitgedrückte Kaiser Zwetsche 2. _Breitgedrückte Zwetsche_ 1. _Donauers Zusammen Gedrückte Zwetsche_ 1, 2. _Plattrunde Zwetsche_ 1, 2. _Quetsche Aplatie_ 2.

Found in a garden by M. Donauer of Saxe-Cobourg, Gotha. Fruit of medium size, obovate, compressed; suture broad, shallow; dark purple; bloom thick; flesh green, sweet, aromatic; good; stone rough, free; mid-season.

=Quetsche Buhl-Eltershofen.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:159. 1866-73.

A seedling raised by M. Liegel of Germany and named in honor of M. Buhl-Eltershofen. Fruit above medium size, long-ovate; suture distinct; deep purple; bloom light; flesh greenish-white, juicy; quality good; stone large.

=Quetsche Datte des Allemands.= Domestica. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 362. 1895.

Fruit large, irregular-oval, darker color than German Prune; flesh yellow, sweet; good; late.

=Quetsche de Dobrowitz.= Species? =1.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 362. 1895.

_Dobrowitzer Frühzwetsche_ 1. _Quetsche de Doubrawie_ 1.

A Hungarian variety maturing about fifteen days earlier than German Prune.

=Quetsche de Kreuter.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 438. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 363. 1895.

Kreuter’s Zwetsche 1. _Kreuters Zwetsche_ 2. _Quetsche de Kreuter_ 1.

A variety of little merit.

=Quetsche de Millot.= Domestica. =1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 496. 1908.

Mentioned by Baltet as a better variety than the German Prune.

=Quetsche De Ransleben.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:153. 1873.

_Ranslebens Pflaume_ 1. _Ranslebens Zwetsche_ 1.

A seedling of Reine Claude raised by M. Ransleben of Berlin, Germany. Tree vigorous, an early and abundant bearer; fruit small, long-oval; suture indistinct; purplish-brown; thick bloom; flesh green, juicy; stone rough, free.

=Quetsche de Transylvanie.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 362. 1895.

_Quetsche de Transilvanie_ 2. Siebenburger Zwetsche 1. _Siebenburger Zwetsche_ 2.

Mentioned as “of very doubtful value.”

=Quetsche Dr. Létricourt.= Domestica. =1.= _Le Bon Jard._ Preface XLVII. 1882. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 362. 1895.

_De Pologne_ 3. _Impériale Blanche?_ 2, 3. _Prune de Pologne_ 2. _Quetsche de Létricourt_ 2. Quetsche de Létricourt 3. _Quetsche Jaune_ 2, 3. Zwetsche Von Létricourt 2.

Fruit elliptical, elongated at both ends; skin yellow, sometimes washed red; flesh yellowish, very juicy, sweet.

=Quetsche Freestone.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =205=:37. 1903. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:15. 1904.

Probably a seedling of German Prune imported by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1894. Fruit small, oval; suture distinct; dark blue; flesh yellow, juicy, tart; late; inferior to German Prune.

=Quetsche Hâtive.= Domestica. =1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 494. 1908.

A medium sized, long-oval, dark purple prune; good; early.

=Quetsche Jaune Précoce.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:99, fig. 50. 1866-73. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889.

_Gelbe Frühzwetsche_ 1. Gelbe Frühzwetsche 2. _Quetsche Jaune Précoce_ 2.

Fruit of medium size, oval, yellow; flesh yellow, sprightly, tender, juicy; said to make good prunes; early.

=Quetsche Longue Précoce.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 444. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 362. 1895.

A variety of little merit.

=Quetsche Maraichère.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:107. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 362. 1895.

_Die Gartenzwetsche_ 3. Gartenpflaume 2, 3. _Garten Pflaume_ 1. _Garten Zwetsche_ 1,2. _Maraichère_ 3. _Prune Maraichère_ 1, 2. _Quetsche Maraichère_ 2.

From M. M. Bauman & Sons, Bollwiller, Germany. Tree of medium vigor, an early and abundant bearer; fruit medium, ellipsoidal; suture indistinct; skin dark purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, sweet, aromatic; freestone; excellent for drying.

=Quetsche Pointue.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:51. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889.

_Provinz Zwetsche_ 2. _Quetsche de Province_ 1. _Spitszwetsche_ 1. Spitzzwetsche 2.

Liegel received this variety in 1816 from M. Grob of Eichelstadt, Bavaria, under the name of Quetsche de Province. Tree vigorous, an early and productive bearer; fruit large, long-ovate, obtuse at the stem end, acute-pointed at the apex; suture broad, deep; deep purple; bloom thick; flesh yellowish, sweet; good for culinary purposes; stone long, narrow, clinging.

=Quetsche Précoce de Buhlerthal.= Domestica? =1.= _Guide Prat._ 164, 363. 1895.

_Frühzwetsche von Buhlerthal_ 1. _Zwetsche Frühe Von Buhlerthal_ 1.

A new variety from Germany maturing very early.

=Quetsche Précoce De Frauendorf.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:97. 1873.

_Frauendorfer Frühe Zwetsche_ 1.

Introduced by Eugene Furst, Frauendorf, Bavaria; distinguished from the German Prune by its larger size, earlier maturity and superior quality.

=Quetsche Précoce Liegel.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:53. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

_Liegels Frühzwetsche_ 1. Liegels Frühzwetsche 2. _Quetsche Hâtive de Liegel_ 2. _Quetsche Précoce de Liegel_ 2.

Found growing among German Prune trees by M. Liegel; differs from the German Prune only in that its fruit matures a few days earlier.

=Quetsche Précoce De Schamal.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:5. 1873.

_Schamals Frühzwetsche_ 1.

Originated by M. Schamal of Jungbunzlau, Bohemia. Fruit small, obovate; suture narrow, shallow; dark purple; flesh yellow, sweet, perfumed; good; freestone.

=Quetsche Ronde.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:62. 1771.

A strain of the German Prune.

=Quetsche Verte D’Italie.= Domestica. =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:34, Tab. 182 fig. 2. 1796. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831. =3.= Mas. _Le Verger_ =6=:97. 1866-73. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 363. 1895.

Die lange, grüne und grosses welsche Pflaume? 1. _Grüne Eierpflaume_ 4. _Grüne Zwetsche_ 4. _Italienische Grüne Zwetsche_ 3, 4. _Verdage D’Italie_ 3, 4. _Vertage d’Italie tres-grosse_ 1.

A European plum of unknown origin. Tree large; fruit large, ellipsoidal; suture very shallow; skin tender, not adherent, greenish-yellow, specked with red; stem short; flesh greenish-yellow, melting, juicy, aromatic; of first quality; clingstone; mid-season.

=Quitique.= Species? Letter from F. T. Ramsey.

Selected from the wild near Quitique, Texas.

=Rachel.= Hortulana mineri. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:58, 86. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 175. 1901. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:280. 1904.

Fruit small, roundish; suture a line; cavity shallow; bright red; dots yellow, conspicuous; blue; flesh yellow, melting; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Rademakers.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 444. 1889. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:53. 1900.

_Brugnon de Neerveteren_ 1. Rademaker’s Prune 1.

Under test at the British Columbia Experimental Station.

=Ragland.= Triflora × Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:19. 1898. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 11. 1900. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 223. 1901.

A hybrid grown by D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas, supposedly from seed of Kelsey pollinated by Yellow Transparent; introduced by W. A. Yates in 1897. Fruit of medium size, oblate; cavity broad, rounded; suture lacking; bright clear yellow; dots yellow; bloom white; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, rich; very good; stone small, clinging; early.

=Raisin.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:165. 1843.

An old European variety now obsolete. Fruit small, round, greenish; of medium quality; clingstone.

=Ramsey Last.= Munsoniana. Letter from Kerr.

Originated with F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Texas. Fruit small; good; late for its group.

=Ranette.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 444. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 363. 1895.

Fruit large, roundish-oval, reddish-brown; flesh yellow, juicy, good; freestone; late.

=Rangheri.= Insititia. =1.= Koch _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 571. 1876. =2.= Lange _Allgem. Garten_ =2=:420. 1879. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:155. 1866-73. =4.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ Pl. IV. 14. 1882. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 444. 1889. =6.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 465. 1900.

Mirabelle de Rangheri 3. _Mirabelle Hâtive de Rangheri_ 5. _Mirabelle Rangheri_ 5. _Mirabelle de Rangheri_ 5. Mirabelle Rangheris 2. _Rangheri’s Aprikosen Pflaume_ 5. _Rangheri’s Frühe Gelbe Mirabelle_ 4, 5. _Rangheri’s Frühe Mirabelle_ 5. _Rangheri’s Gelbe Mirabelle_ 5. Rangheris Mirabelle 1. _Rangheris Mirabelle_ 3. Rangheri’s Mirabelle 4, 5, 6.

Raised by Liegel from the stone of the Abricotée de Braunau plum, and dedicated by him to M. Henri Rangheri, a merchant at Prague, Bohemia. Tree of medium vigor; fruit medium, roundish-oval; suture indistinct; cavity shallow; skin golden-yellow with red spots on the sunny side; flesh yellow, juicy, tender, sweet, aromatic; of first quality; freestone; mid-season; valuable for table and household purposes.

=Rareripe.= Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =26=:14. 1891. =2.= _Ibid._ =93=:32. 1905.

_Rare Ripe_ 1.

Tree hardy and productive; fruit small, dark red; flesh sweet; clingstone; inferior to Harrison but better than De Soto; mid-season.

=Ray.= Hortulana mineri × Munsoniana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:227. 1899.

A supposed cross between Miner and Wild Goose from A. L. Bruce of Basin Springs, Texas. Fruit small to medium, oval to roundish; cavity medium deep; suture faint; dark red; flesh yellow; clingstone.

=Raymond.= Species? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892.

Mentioned by Bailey in 1892 in an unclassified list of plums.

=Raynes.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:36. 1903. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 66. 1905.

_Dunlop 53_ 1.

Disseminated by W. W. Dunlop, Outremont, Quebec. Fruit of the prune type, above medium size, oval; suture distinct; dark reddish-purple; bloom moderate; flesh yellowish-green, firm, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Reagan.= Hortulana × Americana. =1.= Tex. _Cat._ 1907.

An offspring of Wayland crossed with an Americana; introduced by the Texas Nursery Company in 1907. Fruit large, red, rich; good; very late.

=Reagles Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Cultivator =6=:269. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 941. 1869. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 720. 1884.

Reagles’ Gage 1, 2.

A seedling of Washington raised by C. Reagles, Schenectady, New York. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, spherical; suture broad, shallow; greenish-yellow, splashed with darker green; bloom light; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet, vinous; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Rebecca.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894-1900.

Fruit above medium in size, roundish-oblong, purplish-red; clingstone; mid-season.

=Reche.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894-1901.

Tree strong and productive; fruit large for the species, globular; dull purplish-red; clingstone.

=Red Cloud.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897-1900.

Fruit small, roundish, mottled red; inferior; clingstone.

=Red Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Gard. Cal._ 588. 1806. =2.= _N. Y. Agr. Soc. Rpt._ 292 fig. 1848. 3. Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 251. 1857. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 443. 1889. =5.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 162, 364. 1895.

_Auserlesene Rote Reine-Claude_ 4. _Auserlesene rothe Reineclaude_ 5. _Lombard_ 3 incor. _Prince’s Red Gage_ 2, 4, 5. Prince’s Rote Reine-Claude 4. _Prinzens rothe Reineclaude_ 5. _Red Gage_ 4, 5. Reine-Claude Rouge Americaine 5. Reine-Claude rouge de Prince 5. _Reine-Claude Rouge de Prince_ 4.

Red Gage was grown from a seed of Reine Claude in 1790 by William Prince, Flushing, Long Island, New York. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture lacking; stem short; dark red in the sun ranging to pale red in the shade; flesh greenish, tender, juicy, sweet; very good; stone small, free; mid-season.

=Red Gage of Dutchess County.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 942. 1869.

Originated in Dutchess County, New York. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, slightly compressed; suture distinct; cavity large; color yellow overlaid with a light reddish-purple; dots numerous; flesh yellow, juicy; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Red Glass.= Hortulana mineri × Domestica. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:272. 1901. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =114=:143. 1910.

Red Glass originated with Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska, as a seedling of Miner pollinated by Quackenboss. Fruit large, oval, red; bloom thick; flesh firm, meaty, tender, sweet; good; mid-season.

=Red Glass Junior.= (Hortulana mineri × Domestica) × Domestica. =1.= _Am. Br. Assoc. Rpt._ =2=:185. 1906.

A hybrid from Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska, from seed of Red Glass crossed with Quackenboss. The variety is hardy and gives promise of value in Nebraska.

=Red Horse.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oblong, dull red; inferior; clingstone.

=Redick.= Americana. Mentioned in _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 228. 1909.

=Red Magdalene.= Domestica. Mentioned in Watkins _Cat._ 1892.

=Red May.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= Sherman _Cat._ 1898. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 224, 1901.

A seedling of Abundance fertilized by Wild Goose from A. L. Bruce[231], Texas; introduced by J. S. Kerr, Sherman, Texas, in 1898. Fruit of medium size, oblong, pointed, deep red; similar to Red June but ten days earlier.

=Red October.= Species? =1.= _Tex. Dept. Agr. Bul._ =12=:103. 1910.

A variety reported as worthless in Hale County, Texas.

=Red Panhandle.= Angustifolia watsoni. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Ibid_. 1897. =3.= Bailey _Ev. of Nat. Fr._ 222, 223. 1898. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 233. 1901.

Of the same origin as Purple Panhandle. Tree irregular and straggling in habit, very productive; fruit small to medium, irregular-oval or oblong, dull dark red with scattering dots; bloom thick; skin tough; flesh reddish-yellow; very poor; stone large, roundish-oval, slightly flattened, clinging; early.

=Red Pear.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =3.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1528. 1688.

Mentioned as poor in quality. May be identical with the Pear Plum.

=Red Peascod.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576, 577. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =3.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1529. 1688.

Red Pescod 1.

Cultivated in the Seventeenth Century. Fruit elongated, watery; poor in quality; very late.

=Red Perdrigon.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:86. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:27, Tab. 172 fig. 2. 1796. =3.= Willich _Dom. Enc._ =4=:299. 1803. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 312. 1845. =5.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 445. 1881. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 448. 1889.

Die rothe Rebhuhnpflaume 2. Perdrigon rouge 1. _Perdrigon rouge_ 2, 4, 6. _Podiebrader Pflaume_ 6. _Red Perdrigon_ 6. Roter Perdrigon 6. Rother Perdrigon 5.

Red Perdrigon was first described by Duhamel; probably introduced into America during the latter part of the Eighteenth Century. Tree very productive; fruit small, oval; cavity small; suture lacking; dark red; dots small; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, aromatic; freestone; late mid-season.

=Red Primordian.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 575. 1629. =2.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 286, 382. 1846. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 943. 1869. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:149, fig. 75. 1873.

Early Red Primordian 2. _Red Primordian_ 2, 4. Rouge Hâtive 4.

Common in Europe nearly three centuries ago. Fruit of medium size, pear-shaped, reddish, pleasant; good; early. Downing and Mas described a variety under this name supposed to have originated with William Prince. It is very similar to the older variety of which it may be a seedling.

=Red Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =8=:536. 1853.

_Bottle Plum_ =1.=

From Pennsylvania. Fruit long-pyriform, with a slender neck; suture distinct; pale red; good; it closely resembles the Red Date.

=Red Skin.= Munsoniana. Letter from Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska.

=Red Violet.= =1.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1528. 1688.

Mentioned by Ray in the preceding reference together with blue and amber sorts but without description.

=Red Virginal.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 153. 1831. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:74. 1832. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 429. 1854. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 950. 1869. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 448. 1889.

Rote Jungfernpflaume 5. _Virgin_ 2. Virgin 3, 4. _Virginal à Fruit Blanc_ 4 incor. _Virginal à gros Fruit blanc_ 4 incor. Virginal Blanc 4 incor. _Virginale_ 3. _Virginale à Fruit Rouge_ 5. _Virginale Blanc_ 4 incor. _Virginale Rouge_ 2, 5. _Virginal Rouge_ 1. _White Virginale_ 4 incor.

Fruit of medium size, roundish, reddish-purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy; good; semi-free.

=Red Winter.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887.

_Krasnaya osimaya_ 1.

Imported by the Iowa Agricultural College.

=Reed.= Hortulana. =1.= _N. J. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 12. 1882. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:286 fig. 1898.

Originated with P. H. Reed of Hightstown, New Jersey, from pits brought from Illinois; introduced by Charles Black of the same place. Tree vigorous; leaves large, dark green; fruit small, round; suture a faint line; skin thick; dark red; dots yellow; flesh yellow, meaty; quality fair; stone turgid, semi-clinging; late.

=Reel.= Americana mollis. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1898. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Grown by H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa; a seedling of Van Buren; first fruited in 1896. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, pale yellow with a red cheek; good.

=Regina.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit small, red; skin thick; good.

=Reine-Claude Abricotine.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 445. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 156, 363. 1895.

Fruit small, whitish; flesh light yellow, sweet; good; early.

=Reine Claude d’Écully.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 445. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 153, 364. 1895.

Tree vigorous; fruit large, round; cavity small; suture distinct; greenish-yellow; bloom thin; flesh firm, sweet, juicy; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Reine Claude d’Oberdieck.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 446. 1889.

=Reine Claude de Brignais.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 452. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 364. 1895.

_Reine-Claude de Brignais_ 1. Violette Reine-Claude Von Brignais 1.

Said to be superior to Reine Claude.

=Reine Claude de l’Echoisier.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:55. 1900.

Of French origin. Not hardy in Canada.

=Reine Claude de Mezel.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:55. 1900.

Of French origin. Tree vigorous; fruit medium, globular; suture shallow; skin greenish-yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; early.

=Reine Claude de Razaimbaut.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 446. 1889. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:55. 1900.

_Reine-Claude de Razaimbaut_ 1. Reine-Claude de Razimbaud 1. _Reine-Claude Précoce de Razimbaud_ 1.

Imported from France by the Canadian Experimental Farm at Agassiz, British Columbia. Tree vigorous; fruit small, roundish; skin green; flesh green, juicy, sweet; mid-season.

=Reine Claude de Saint-Avertin.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 446. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 155, 364. 1895.

Fruit rather large, roundish, greenish-yellow blushed with red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, aromatic; very good; late.

=Reine Claude de Vandenbrok.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 446. 1889.

=Reine Claude de Wazon.= Domestica. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 364. 1895. =2.= Baltet _Cult. Fr_. 491. 1908.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit nearly large, obovate, greenish-yellow, washed with red; flesh juicy, sweet and acidulated; very good; mid-season.

=Reine Claude Descarde.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 445. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 364. 1895.

An inferior variety of the Reine Claude type.

=Reine Claude Hamaitre.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 446. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 364. 1895.

A variety of the Reine Claude type of doubtful value.

=Reine Claude Monstrueuse de Mezel.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 446. 1889.

=Reine Claude Sagot.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:56. 1900.

Probably of French origin; as tested in Canada, tree weak; foliage small, scanty; fruit medium in size, globular; stem one-half inch long; cavity small; suture distinct; skin whitish-yellow; flesh yellowish, rather dry, tender, fine-grained, very sweet; stone small, roundish, free; mid-season.

=Reine Claude Von Bollwiller.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 445. 1889.

=Reine des Mirabelles.= Insititia × Domestica. =1.= _Guide Prat._ 164, 364. 1895. =2.= _Rev. Hort._ 476. 1901.

_Königin der Mirabellen_ 1.

Produced by crossing the Mirabelle and the Reine Claude. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, yellow, dotted with red on the sunny side, juicy; good; mid-season.

=Reine Victoria.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 380. 1866.

According to Hogg this is a French variety distinct from Victoria. Fruit roundish-oval, reddish-purple; flesh juicy, rich, agreeable, freestone; similar to Kirke but two or three weeks later.

=Reisenzwetsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 447. 1889.

_Reine-Claude Geante_ 1.

Mathieu gives reference to _Monatsschrift für Pomologie_ 281. 1858.

=Reizenstein Yellow Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 943. 1869. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:119. 1866-73. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 446. 1889. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 362. 1895.

_De Reizeinstein_ 4. _Jaune de Reizenstein_ 4. _Pruneau Jaune de Reizenstein_ 2, 3. _Prune de Reizenstein_ 2, 3. _Quetsche Jaune de Reizenstein_ 3. Quetsche Jaune de Reizenstein 2, 4. Reizensteiner Gelbe Zwetsche 3. _Reizensteiner Gelbe Zwetsche_ 2, 4. _Reizensteiner Pflaume_ 2, 3, 4. _Reizensteiner Zwetsche_ 3, 4. _Reizenstein’s Yellow Prune_ 2, 3, 4. _Susina Settembrica Quialla_ 3, 4.

Probably originated in Italy. Tree of medium vigor, very prolific, not hardy; fruit of medium size, irregularly ovate; suture indistinct; skin golden-yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; stone rough, free.

=Reutlinger Frühzwetsche.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 447. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 363. 1895.

Quetsche Précoce de Reutlingen 2. _Reutlinger Frühzwetsche_ 2.

An attractive variety ripening in early mid-season.

=Rhinebeck Yellow Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 405. 1857.

Rhinebeck Yellow Gage 1.

Originated at Rhinebeck, New York. Tree vigorous; fruit large, oval; suture deep; cavity shallow; yellow; flesh coarse, juicy, sweet, pleasant; clingstone; mid-season.

=Rhodes.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68, 69. 1699.

Mentioned by Quintinye “as long and black.”

=Rhue.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 944. 1869.

_Rhue’s Seedling_ 1.

A seedling from Pennsylvania. Fruit large, oval; suture broad, shallow; cavity deep; reddish-purple; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, juicy, sweet, vinous; semi-clinging; good; early.

=Richard Trotter.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 98. 1898.

Reported as one of the hardiest of the European varieties tested by the Experimental Farm at Ottawa, Canada.

=Richland.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =1=:2, 154 fig. 1859. =2.= _Ibid._ =5=:18. 1863. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 944. 1869. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ =43=:36. 1903.

_Copper_ 2.

Originated on the farm of Randall Elden, Richland, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, about 1820. Tree hardy, vigorous, productive and said to be resistant to the curculio; fruit medium in size, oval; cavity small; suture a line; skin thick, bluish; dots small; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, slightly sweet; quality fair; stone large, oval, flat, clinging; mid-season; listed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1875.

=Riga 11.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Rpt._ 111. 1887.

Imported from Russia by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station.

=Rigny.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 683. 1884. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 420. 1889.

Admiral Rigny 2. Admiral de Rigny 1. _Amiral de Rigny_ 2. _Georg IV_ 2. _Jackson?_ 2.

Described as of medium size, roundish-oval; suture shallow; yellowish-green flaked and striped with darker green, with a few crimson dots on the sunny side; stem of medium length; cavity shallow; flesh yellow, tender, melting, juicy and rich; nearly freestone; early.

=Rising Sun.= Domestica. =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 258. 1832.

Corse’s Rising Sun 1.

Originated by Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada. Fruit large, bright yellow, tinged with red next to the sun; good; productive.

=Rivers Early.= Insititia. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =29=:177. 1875. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 695. 1884. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 447. 1889. =4.= Rivers _Cat._ 35. 1898.

_Damas Précoce de Rivers_ 3. Rivers’ Early Damson 1, 3, 4.

Grown by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, from a seed of St. Etienne. Fruit of medium size, sweet and juicy; good.

=Robert.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:15. 1901.

Robert’s Freestone 1.

Fruit of medium size, oblong, flattened; suture a line; light greenish-yellow overlaid with purplish-red; skin thick, tough; flesh moderately firm, sweet but not rich; stone nearly free.

=Roby Yellow.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 944. 1869.

A seedling raised by H. R. Roby, Fredericksburg, Virginia. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit small, round; suture broad, shallow; cavity small; greenish-yellow; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Rockford.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 392. 1891. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 161 fig. 1901. =3.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 128. 1906.

Introduced in 1889 by C. G. Patten of Charles City, Iowa, who found the variety in 1871 on the farm of O. J. Green who, in turn, had brought it as a young tree from a grove near Rockford. Tree productive; fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity medium; suture shallow; skin thick, tough; dark and somewhat purplish-red; bloom thick; dots small; flesh yellow; good; stone large, oval, flattened, clinging; mid-season; listed by the American Pomological Society since 1897.

=Rocky Mountain.= Species? =1.= _Can. Hort._ =15=:157. 1892. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892.

_Rocky Mountain Seedling_ 2.

Reported in the Canadian Horticulturist as a “heavy cropper and of first quality.” Bailey mentions a “Rocky Mountain Seedling” in an unclassified list. The Rocky Mountain described by Waugh is not to be confused with these two varieties as it is undoubtedly a Sand Cherry.

=Rodney.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831.

_Rodney Gage_ 1.

Described in the London Horticultural Society catalog as large, oval, purple; quality fair; clingstone.

=Rodt Blaue Zwetsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 447. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 365. 1895.

“A variety of little merit.”

=Rodt Frühe Grosse Pflaumenzwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 447. 1889.

_Grosse Hâtive de Rodt._

=Rognon D’Ane.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:100. 1832.

Fruit large, oval, dark purple; mid-season; similar to Yellow Egg except in color.

=Rognon de Coq.= Domestica. =1.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 68. 1699. =2.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =3=:1754. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831.

Quetsche Rognon de Coq 3.

Mentioned only by the earlier writers. Fruit long; suture deep, prominent; light yellow streaked with red; clingstone; late.

=Rollande Galloppi.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 944. 1869.

Fruit of medium size, long-oval, necked; suture distinct; cavity small; yellowish-green, dotted with crimson in the sun; bloom light; flesh yellowish-green, juicy, sweet; good; clingstone; late.

=Ronald Fancy.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 945. 1869.

Fruit of medium size, oval; suture distinct; cavity medium deep; yellow, striped with green; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, sugary, vinous, sprightly; good; freestone; very late.

=Roselle.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:287. 1900.

_Hoffman Seedling_ 1.

A chance seedling grown by Ernest Hoffman, Roselle, Carroll County, Iowa, in 1892. Fruit large, roundish-oval, yellow blushed with red; sweet; semi-free; mid-season.

=Ros-Pruim Double.= Domestica. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:62. 1771.

Similar to the Horse plum except that it is smaller.

=Ross.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =23=:438. 1900.

Ross Seedling 1.

A seedling, supposedly of Bradshaw, grown by J. T. Ross, Hamilton, Canada. Fruit of much the same appearance as Bradshaw but inferior in quality; earlier in season.

=Rossy Frühe Zwetsche.= Species? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 447. 1889.

_Rossy’s Früh Zwetsche._

=Rostrave Bell.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 945. 1869.

Originated with John D. Stephens, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-oval; suture broad, shallow; cavity deep; reddish-purple; dots brown; flesh yellow, coarse, rather dry, vinous; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Rote Mirabelle.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 448. 1889.

_Damasine Kleine Kirsch Pflaume._ _Mirabelle Rouge._

=Rotes Zeiberl.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 448. 1889.

_Rote Herbst Zeiberl_ 1.

Referenced by Mathieu from _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 288. 1884.

=Rote Zwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 448. 1889.

_Rosinen Pflaume._ _Spitzige Rote Pflaume._ _Spitz Pflaume._

=Rothe Jungfernpflaume.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 445. 1881.

A German variety said to be unproductive in dry soil.

=Rouge Hâtive de Nitka.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 96. 1877.

Mentioned in the preceding reference as of medium size, purple, juicy, rich; good; mid-season.

=Roulette.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:50, 86. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 142. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 188. 1901.

Rowlett 2.

Supposed to have originated in Texas. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity small; suture a line; skin thin; bright red; dots numerous; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone oval, flattened, clinging; mid-season. Listed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society since 1899.

=Round.= Species? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 83. 1888.

J. Webster of Centralia, Illinois, states that he received this variety from a Mr. Spears of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Of high quality; especially adapted for canning.

=Round Leaf Wonderful.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =12=:612. 1893.

An obscure variety found only in a few collections. Fruit of medium size, long-oval; suture a line; cavity small; dark purple; bloom thick; dots small; flesh yellow, fine-grained, tender, sweet, mild; very good; stone flattened, oval, free; mid-season.

=Rowley.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:36. 1903.

Originated with Jos. Rowley, Cummings Bridge, Ontario. Tree very productive; fruit above medium size, round; suture a line; purplish-red; flesh yellow, moderately juicy, firm, sweet, rich; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Royal.= Domestica. =1.= Rea _Flora_ 207. 1676. =2.= Quintinye _Com. Gard._ 69. 1699. =3.= Langley _Pomona_ 92, Pl. XX fig. 8. 1729. =4.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:40, Tab. 191 fig. 1. 1796. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 945. 1869. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 438. 1889.

Die Königliche grosse Pflaume 4. _French Royal_ 4, 5, 6. Kings Plum 1. Königspflaume 6. _La Royale_ 5, 6. La Royal 2. _Prune Royale_ 5, 6. _Royal tres-grosse_ 4, 6. _Royal Red_ 5, 6. _Royal_ 5, 6. Royal 2. _Royal Plumb_ 3. Royale 5. _Royale_ 6. _Sir Charles Worsley’s_ 3, 5, 6. _Wahre Königspflaume_ 6.

Royal is an Old World variety supposed to have originated in France. Tree a slow grower; top bushy; shoots pubescent; fruit medium in size, roundish; suture distinct; cavity narrow; reddish-purple; dots small, brownish; bloom thick; flesh yellow, melting, juicy, rich, subacid; quality very good; stone small, roundish, pointed, free; mid-season.

=Royal Bullace.= Insititia. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 689. 1884.

Royal Bullace is the largest of the Bullaces. Fruit round; suture faint; cavity wide, deep; stem short, slender; greenish-yellow, mottled with red; bloom thin; flesh green, sprightly; good; freestone; late.

=Royal Dauphine.= Domestica. =1.= Miller _Gard. Kal._ 184. 1734. =2.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

Royal Dauphin 2. Royale Dauphin 1.

Fruit large, oval, dark red shading to light red, mottled; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Royal de Braunac.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 2nd App. 157. 1876.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture very slight; light red with dark purple blush; dots numerous, brown; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, coarse, rather firm, juicy, rich; clingstone; mid-season.

=Royale de Behrens.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 422. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 365. 1895.

Behren’s Königspflaume 1. _Behrens Königspflaume_ 2. _Royale de Behrens_ 1.

Listed in the preceding references.

=Royale de Siebenfreud.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 158, 365. 1895.

_Royale de Siebenfreund_ 1. Siebenfreund’s Königspflaume 1. _Siebenfreud’s Königspflaume_ 2.

Grown by Liegel and named by him in honor of M. Siebenfreud, of Tyrnau, Hungary. Fruit large, long-oval, brownish-red; flesh pale yellow, juicy; good; mid-season.

=Royale Hâtive de Liegel.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 420. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 430. 1889. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 365. 1895.

Frühe Königspflaume 2. _Frühe Königspflaume_ 3. Königspflaume Frühe 1. _Rouge de Liegel_ 2. _Royale Hâtive de Liegel_ 2. _Royale Hâtive_ 2.

Similar to the Royal Hâtive but inferior in quality.

=Royale Violette de Keindl.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 437. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 365. 1895.

_Keindl’s Violette Königspflaume_ 2. Keindt’s Violette Königspflaume 1. _Royale Violette de Keindt_ 1.

Originated by Liegel and named after Mr. Keindl, a German pomologist. Fruit large, oval, violet; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy; good; early.

=Royal Pea.= Domestica. Mentioned in Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

=Royer Aprikosen Pflaume.= Domestica. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 449. 1889.

_Abricotée de Royer._ _Prune-Abricot de Royer._

=Ruben Burgunder Zwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 449. 1889.

=Ruby.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. and For._ =7=:243. 1894.

Charles H. Shinn of Berkeley, California, describes this variety as a dark red prune coming from Lake County, California.

=Ruby.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 46. 1895. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:228. 1899. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 224. 1901.

Originated by J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, North Carolina, from seed of Abundance pollinated with Wild Goose; fruit borne in 1894. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture faint; dark, wine-red; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm, meaty, slightly fibrous, sweet, rich; good; clingstone.

=Ruby.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Orchard Home Nur. Cat._ 7. 1891. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 8. 1900.

A seedling of Wild Goose introduced by L. T. Sanders of the Orchard Home Nursery, Plain Dealing, Louisiana, in 1891. Fruit slightly smaller than the parent, round, red with small dots; flesh solid; good; a good shipper.

=Rudolph.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 438. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 449. 1889.

_Frankfurter Pflaume_ 2. _Rudolphspflaume_ 1. Rudolph Pflaume 2.

In Germany considered valuable for dessert, compotes and market. Tree quick in growth, large; shoots almost glabrous, dark brownish-red; fruit large, of prune shape; suture shallow; halves usually equal; stem hairy; cavity shallow; skin easily removed, yellow often flecked with red, sometimes reddish; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, very sweet, sprightly; nearly freestone; mid-season.

=Rue.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:288. 1900. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 300. 1903. =3.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:34. 1905.

_J. B. Rue_ 1, 2, 3.

Originated with J. B. Rue, Pottawattamie County, Iowa; distributed by Professor J. L. Budd. The fruit closely resembles Stoddard except in the stone, that of the latter being large and flat, while that of the former is small and round.

=Ruff Choice.= Domestica. =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:484. 1894.

Under test at the Texas Experiment Station.

=Ruff Spanish.= Species? =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:490. 1894.

Under test at the Texas Experiment Station.

=Russian Mirabelle.= Insititia. =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 324. 1903.

Described by Budd and Hansen as a Russian plum; hardier than the Mirabelle of western Europe and differing in tree and fruit. Fruit small, roundish-oblate, bright yellow; suture indistinct to distinct at the apex; cavity narrow; stem medium in length and thickness; flesh yellow, juicy, rich; quality best; freestone.

=Russian No. 2.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Rpt._ 111. 1887. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:45. 1898.

Imported from Russia. Fruit of medium size, irregular in shape; suture a line; deep purple with heavy bloom; flesh firm, subacid; quality fair; freestone.

=Russian No. 3.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Rpt._ 111. 1887. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:35. 1905.

Said to be unproductive and not hardy.

=Sada.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:59. 1897. =2.= _Ibid._ =87=:15. 1901. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 163. 1901.

A seedling of Van Buren grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1893. Fruit large, round; suture a line; cavity shallow; red over a yellow ground with many conspicuous dots; skin thick, tough, astringent; flesh dark yellow, mushy; quality fair; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Saffold.= Species? =1.= _Am. Gard._ =14=:51. 1893. =2.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 175. 1898.

A variety brought into Texas from Alabama about 1853 by General Saffold of Sequin, Texas, where for years it was the only cultivated plum. Although inferior to later introductions, it is excellent for preserves and still retains a place among Texan varieties.

=Sagetsuna.= Triflora. =1.= Normand _Sp. Cir._ 1895. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 8. 1901. =3.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =68=:6, 33. 1905.

Sagetsuma 3. _Wasse Botankyo_ 2.

A variety imported from Japan by J. L. Normand, Marksville, Louisiana. In 1901, J. W. Kerr fruited Sagetsuna and Wasse Botankyo and found them identical. Tree vigorous with straggling habit; fruit large, conic, red over a yellow ground, with numerous dots; flesh yellow, firm; good; clingstone; earlier than Abundance.

=St. Anne.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 40. 1899.

Bonne St. Ann 1.

Originated in Vermont; catalogued by the American Pomological Society in 1899 and 1901. Fruit blue; good.

=Saint Antoine.= Domestica. =1.= _Traité Prat. Sech. Fruits_ 172. 1893.

Prune de Bordeaux 1.

A plum found in the neighborhood of Gironde, France. The prunes from this variety are know as Prunes de Bordeaux. The fruits are less esteemed than those of the Agen.

=Saint Antonio.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 153. 1831.

=St. Aubert.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Chron._ =36=:1205. 1873. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 365. 1895.

Saint Aubert 2.

Of Belgian origin; resembles Golden Drop but is a month earlier and is superior in quality and productiveness; fruit oval, rounded at both ends, greenish spotted and marked with a crimson blush; color and flavor of the flesh like Reine Claude.

=Sainte Therese.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 449. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 365. 1895.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, long-oval, reddish-purple; flesh fine-grained; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=St. Etienne.= Insititia. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 381. 1866. =2.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 431. 1881. =3.= _Gard. Chron._ =24=:187. 1885. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 160, 365. 1895. =5.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 480. 1904.

_Mamelonnee?_ 4. _Pflaume von St. Etienne_ 4. Pflaume von St. Etienne 2.

Tree vigorous; fruit globular or frequently roundish-oval; suture distinct dividing the sides equally; stem medium; cavity narrow; skin not adherent; yellow blushed and spotted with red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, tender, melting, juicy, sweet with a fine flavor; stone small; free; early.

=St. James.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:165. 1843. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 311. 1845.

St. James’ Quetsche 1, 2, 3.

A strain of the German Prune; tree very productive; fruit of medium size, oblong, purple; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=St. John.= Domestica. =1.= Willich _Dom. Enc._ =4=:195. 1803. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =3=:396. 1848. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 429. 1854.

_Prune de St. Jean_ 3. Prune de St. Jean 2.

A foreign variety of unknown origin. Tree very productive; fruit of medium size, round, purplish-blue; flesh greenish-yellow; early.

=St. Lawrence.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 38. 1874. =2.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 416. 1883. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 122. 1901.

A seedling of Smith Orleans grown on the grounds of Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, New York. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit variable in size, averages medium, roundish-oval; cavity deep, rounded; stem short; suture shallow; dark reddish-purple; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, juicy, melting, sweet; quality poor to fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Saint Martin Quetsche.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 283. 1845. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 55. 1852. =4.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 414. 1854. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:49. 1866-73.

_Coe’s Late Red_ 5. _Prune Violette D’Octobre_ 5. _Rouge Tardive De Coe_ 5. Saint-Martin 5. Saint Martin’s 4. _Saint Martin’s Quetsche_ 4. _Violette October Pflaume_ 5.

Of German origin; introduced into this country during the second quarter of the Nineteenth Century. Fruit of medium size, ovate, yellow, sometimes blushed; covered with a thin bloom; flesh yellowish, juicy, rich; good; late; fruit hangs to the tree long after maturity.

=Saint Pierre.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 449. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 156, 366. 1895.

Fruit resembles Mirabelle, though it is larger; yellow marbled with red; flesh yellow; good; stone nearly free; very early.

=St. Remo.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 153. 1831.

Cultivated in the garden of the Horticultural Society of London.

=Sandalls.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =15=:247. 1868. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ =30=:1311, 1347. 1870.

Sandall’s Plum 2.

Originated about 1800 with a Mr. Sandall at Crab Tree, Fulton, England. Tree vigorous and attains great size; fruit of medium size, round, dark purple; flesh firm, reddish-yellow, juicy, pleasant; good; clingstone; very late.

=Sanders.= Angustifolia varians? =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 200. 1901.

_Honey Grove_ 1.

Introduced by J. S. Kerr, Sherman, Texas, in 1898. Fruit small, purplish-red; quality fair; very early.

=Sanderson.= Americana. =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 300. 1903.

Originated in Minnesota. Fruit large, roundish-oval, light red over a yellow ground; skin slightly astringent; good; semi-clinging.

=Sandle.= Domestica. Mentioned in Watkins _Cat._ 1892?

=Sandoz.= Species? =1.= Crete _Cat._ 1906.

Introduced by E. F. Stephens of the Crete Nursery, Crete, Nebraska. Tree hardy; productive; fruit red; early.

=Sand Plum.= Angustifolia watsoni. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 889. 1869. =2.= _Neb. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 173. 1895. =3.= Kansas “_The Plum_” 20, 45. 1900.

Sand Plum is the common name for _Prunus angustifolia watsoni._

=Sannois.= Domestica. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Div. Pom. Bul._ =10=:20. 1901.

Sannois Quetsche 1.

Originated in Sannois, France. A rather unattractive plum in appearance, but with a fine flavor and high quality. As grown at this Station the tree is small, vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit above medium to large, roundish-oblate, slightly compressed; suture shallow; stem medium in thickness and length; cavity wide, deep; apex flattened; dull, reddish-purple with darker shades in the sun; bloom moderate; dots numerous, brownish; skin thick, tough; flesh dark coppery-yellow, juicy, rather coarse, very fibrous, tough, firm, sweet; very good; stone medium, irregular-oval, turgid, rough, clinging; very late.

=Sansoto.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Americana. =1.= _Cir. S. Dak. Sta._ 1910.

Sansoto originated in 1907 as a cross between De Soto and _Prunus besseyi_ made by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station; introduced in 1910. Tree productive; fruit small, round, black; bloom heavy; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; clingstone.

=Santa Rosa.= Triflora. =1.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat._ 1907. =2.= _Ibid._ 1909.

Originated by Burbank; introduced by the Fancher Creek Nursery Company in 1907. Fruit very large, round, suture distinct; cavity medium deep; dark purplish crimson with thin bloom; flesh reddish near the skin shading to amber near the center; good; clingstone; keeps and ships well.

=Sapa.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Triflora. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ 108. 1908.

Grown by Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station from a cross of Sultan and a selected seedling of the _Prunus besseyi_; fruited in 1907. Fruit small, round, glossy, dark purple; flesh dark red.

=Saratoga.= Domestica. =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 103. 1889. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 25. 1897. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:243, 247. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 121. 1901. =5.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905.

Introduced by Green’s Nursery Company in 1889. Found in a garden at Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1897. The American Pomological Society placed it on its fruit catalog list. As tested at this Station it is identical to the Lombard in fruit-characters but differs in foliage. It is safe to assume that it is a seedling of the Lombard.

=Saskatchewan.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

Taken from the wild by Thomas Stonewall, Manitoba; tested at the Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory. Fruit of medium size, red; good; early.

=Satin.= Hortulana × Triflora. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:228. 1899.

Grown by J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, North Carolina, supposedly from a cross between Moreman and some Japanese variety. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; red with numerous large, yellow dots; skin thick, tough; flesh firm, yellow; good; clingstone.

=Satsugon.= Triflora. =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =64=:677. 1905.

Originated in 1900 with Levi Bell, Sparkill, New York, from a cross between Ogon and Satsuma. Fruit large, roundish; cavity deep; dark red; flesh red, firm, meaty; freestone; quality good; mid-season. The originator states that this variety will keep in an ordinary cellar for two months after picking.

=Satsuland.= Triflora × Domestica? =1.= _Rural N. Y._ =64=:677. 1905.

A cross between Satsuma and Richland grown by Levi Bell, Sparkill, New York, about 1900. Fruit below medium size, oval, cavity lacking; stem long; purplish-red; clingstone.

=Sauvageon.= Domestica. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 94. 1885.

_Corse’s Sauvageon_ 1.

Raised from seed by Henry Corse of Montreal, Canada. Tree strong, vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit dark blue; flesh reddish tinged, firm, sweet and pleasant; late.

=Sayer Favorite.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 94. 1877.

In 1877 J. E. Johnson in a report to the American Pomological Society mentioned this as a very fine seedling variety growing in Utah.

=Scaldatone.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 153. 1831.

=Scanarda.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 449. 1889.

_Die Scanarda._ _Scanarda._

=Scaudatella.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 153. 1831. =2.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: Pl. 1839.

Scaldatello 1. Susino Scaudatella 2.

An old variety well known in Italy. Fruit medium, obovate, yellow; flesh yellow, meaty, juicy and sweet.

=Schamal.= Domestica. =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =7=:31, Pl. 1859. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 897. 1869. =3.= _Le Bon Jard._ LII. 1884. =4.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 354. 1895.

Automne de Schamali 2. _Damascena Schamali_ 1, 2, 4. _D’Automne de Schamal_ 2. Prune d’Automne de Schamal 1, 3, 4. _Prune d’Automne de Schamali_ 2. _Schamal_ 4. _Schamals Herbstpflaume_ 4.

Obtained by M. Schamal, nurseryman and pomologist at Jungbunzlau, Bohemia; first noted by Liegel in 1844. Tree vigorous, productive; young branches smooth, brownish-red; fruit large, pear-shaped; suture deep; halves unequal; stem slender, smooth; purplish-red; flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, sweet, vinous; stone oval, free; mid-season.

=Schenectady.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ 446. 1847. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 342. 1849. =3.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 414. 1854. =4.= _Cultivator_ =6=:52, 269. 1858. =5.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 947. 1869. =6.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 402. 1881.

Catharinenpflaume von Schenectady 6. _Schenectady Catharine_ 4. Schenectady Catherine Plum 1, 2, 5. _Schenectady Catherine_ 3.

Originated at Schenectady, New York, about 1800; introduced by Dr. Herman Wendell. It was described in the American Pomological Society’s catalog for twenty-two years. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, roundish-oval; suture shallow; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom thin; flesh greenish-yellow, melting, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; freestone; mid-season; said to reproduce itself from seed.

=Schieblers Eier Pflaume.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 449. 1889.

=Schiebler Luisante.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 409. 1881.

A seedling of the Red Egg plum, similar, but not an improvement.

=Schlachter Früh Zwetsche.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 449. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 366. 1895.

A variety resembling German Prune.

=Schley.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:65, 87. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 188. 1901.

_Schley’s Large Red_ 1, 2.

Originated near Augusta, Georgia; introduced by J. W. K. Nelson of that state. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture slight; cavity of medium depth; bright red with numerous dots; skin tough; flesh yellow; poor; clingstone; mid-season.

=Schmidt Rote Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 449. 1889.

_Quetsche Rouge de Schmidt_ 1.

Mathieu found it referred to in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 289. 1884.

=Schoenthal.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894-1900.

Fruit of medium size, globular, dull red; stone semi-clinging.

=Schöne von Riom.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 445. 1881.

Mentioned as an unproductive variety on dry soils.

=Schuyler Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 147. 1831. =2.= _Cultivator_ =1=:306. 1844. =3.= _Ibid._ =3=:19. 1855. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 947. 1869. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:103. 1866-73.

Reine-Claude de Schuyler 5. _Schuyler Gage_ 5.

A seedling of Reine Claude grown at Albany, New York, by General Schuyler of revolutionary fame, who refused to disseminate it. His successor in the ownership of the tree, John Bryan, also guarded the variety jealously, so that it was not until about 1847 when E. C. McIntosh came into possession of the estate that the variety was introduced. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture shallow; cavity small; yellow splashed with green and dotted with red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; freestone; late.

=Scioto.= Insititia. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Yearbook_ 502. 1905.

_Mussel_ 1. _Chickasaw_ 1.

Cultivated for nearly eighty years in the noted Damson district at Chillicothe, Ohio. It was brought there in 1831 by Miss Palace Hill from the nursery of her brother, Joseph C. Hill, Petersburg, Virginia, who in turn had found it on the farm of Thomas Hill near Bollings Bridge, North Carolina. The variety is of the Damson type and the seed of it was probably brought from Europe by the early colonists. Fruit small, oval, necked; suture slight; cavity lacking; dark blue; bloom heavy; good.

=Scribner.= Triflora × Munsoniana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 46, Col. Pl. 1895. =2.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:19. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 225. 1901.

From J. S. Breece, Fayetteville, North Carolina, supposedly from a cross of Abundance pollinated by Wild Goose. Fruit large, roundish-oval; suture faint; cavity large; stem short, stout; dark red with many small dots; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, firm, meaty; quality very poor; clingstone.

=Sea-Egg.= Triflora. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =106=:62. 1906.

Bailey mentions this variety as coming from Burbank and describes it as; “globular heart shaped in outline and mottled red; flesh very thick and meaty; orange-yellow, sweet and excellent, with a slight muskiness, cling.”

=Semiana.= Domestica. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 344, 346. 1849. =3.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 217. 1849. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 947. 1869.

_Blue Impératrice_ 2, 3, 4. Semiana of Boston 4. Semina 1. _Simiana_ 2.

At one time grown extensively around Boston; often confused with Blue Impératrice and the Semiana or Suisse of Europe. It is, however, much inferior to either of the above. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit of medium size, oval, necked; cavity very small; deep purple; flesh greenish, juicy, subacid, not rich; clingstone; very late.

=Seper.= Nigra? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1897-1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 171. 1901.

_Seper’s Peach_ 2. Seper’s Peach 1.

Introduced by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland. Fruit large, roundish-oblong, dark red; quality poor; clingstone.

=September.= Americana =1.= Meneray _Cat._

One of H. A. Terry’s numerous varieties; introduced by F. W. Meneray of Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fruit large, round, bright red; fair quality.

=September Damask.= Insititia. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:77. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:45, Tab. 200 fig. 1. 1796. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:84. 1832. =4.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ 1. 1846. =5.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 357. 1866. =6.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 947. 1869. =7.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:1. 1873. =8.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

Damas de Septembre 1, 2, 5, 7. _Damas de Septembre_ 3, 6, 8. Die späte oder September Damaskpflaume 2. _Michaelis Pflaume_ 8. _Münchenpflaume_ 8. Prune Damas de Septembre 4. _Prune de Vacance_ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. _Prunier des Vacances_ 3, 6, 8. _Sankt-Michel’s Pflaume_ 8. _September Damascene_ 8. September Damask 3. _September Damask_ 7, 8. _September Damson_ 1. Vakanzpflaume 8.

An old variety probably of French origin. Tree of medium vigor, productive; shoots downy; fruit small, roundish to slightly elongated; suture shallow; stem short; cavity shallow; skin tender, purplish-black, covered with a thick bloom; flesh greenish, fine, melting, sweet, agreeable when well ripened; freestone; late.

=Shaker.= Americana? =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 80. 1880.

Grown in Iowa from seed brought from Ohio. Fruit red, coloring a month before maturity; ripening period very long.

=Shaw.= Species? =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 103. 1889.

Mentioned by Bailey in the Annals of Horticulture as introduced by Lovett in 1889; not listed in Lovett’s catalogs.

=Shedd Cluster.= Munsoniana? Letter from F. T. Ramsey.

A prolific variety resembling Robinson selected from the wild on the line between Lampasas and Coryelle counties, Texas, by a Mr. Shedd.

=Sheldon.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 948. 1869.

Originated on the farm of Wareham Sheldon, Huron, Wayne County, New York. Tree vigorous and prolific; fruit large, oval; suture a line; cavity small; purplish-black; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, aromatic; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Shepherd Bullace.= Insititia. =1.= Watkins _Nur. Cat._ 48. 1892? =2.= Thompson _Gard. Ass’t_ =4=:160. 1901.

Shepherd’s White 2.

A large Bullace mentioned without description in the preceding references.

=Shepway Bulleis.= Insititia. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

Parkinson mentions under this name a large “dark bluish-brown” plum of the Bullace type inferior to the common variety.

=Shilling.= Domestica. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905.

A variety introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1894. Fruit of medium size, oblong-oval, pointed at the apex; cavity shallow; suture a line; stem short, stout; dull red; bloom light; flesh yellow; quality poor; clingstone; mid-season.

=Shipper.= Triflora. 1. Burbank _Cat._ 18. 1893. =2.= Childs _Cat._ 62. 1896.

A seedling of Satsuma grown by Burbank; introduced in 1896 by John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, New York. Fruit oval, light red; flesh very firm, juicy, sweet; keeps and ships well; mid-season.

=Shirata Bene.= Triflora. =1.= Lovett _Cat._ 1892. =2.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:256, 257. 1905.

Introduced as a crimson plum but described at the Ohio Experiment Station as yellow.

=Shviata Bene.= Triflora. =1.= _Gard. Mon._ 367. 1887.

_Uwase_ 1. _Blood Plum_ 1.

H. H. Berger states that the above name and synonyms were applied to a red-fleshed variety indigenous to Japan. Probably a class name.

=Siamese.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 284. 1845.

Fruit in pairs firmly attached on one side and hanging from a single stem. The original tree grew in the garden of Wm. Roe, Newburgh, New York. Fruit of medium size, obovate; cavity small; skin pale yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, sprightly; quality fair; clingstone; mid-season.

=Sidone.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889.

=Siebenburger Pflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 366. 1895.

“A variety of little merit.”

=Sierra.= Subcordata. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =19=:405. 1896.

Sierra Crimson 1.

Reported in the preceding reference by S. S. Watkins, Grizzly Flats, California, as a very good wild plum growing high up in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Said to bear beautiful crimson fruit about the size of the Reine Claude, of good quality; highly recommended for jelly.

=Silassy.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:52. 1895. =2.= _Ibid._ =152=:211. 1898.

Imported from Hungary by the Michigan Experiment Station.

=Silas Wilson.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 105. 1900. =3.= Terry _Cat._ 1900.

Grown by H. A. Terry, from seed of Hawkeye; first fruited in 1891. Fruit large, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; red over a yellow ground; dots numerous; flesh yellow, juicy; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Silva Koning Claudie.= Domestica. =1.= Wickson _Cal. Fruits_ 358. 1891.

_Miller’s Early_ 1.

Described by Wickson as an undetermined variety brought from Germany by Dr. L. E. Miller, of California, in 1854; introduced by C. M. Silva & Son of Newcastle, California, in 1887. Fruit purplish-black; fine flavor; similar in size to the Early Royal, and about a month earlier.

=Sirocco.= Triflora ×? =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 47. 1895. =2.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:19. 1895.

J. S. Breece, of Fayetteville, North Carolina grew this variety as a cross between Abundance and Marianna. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; cavity small; suture a line; coppery-red with streaks of yellow; dots minute, russet; flesh reddish near the skin but yellow towards the stone, juicy; good.

=Sisson.= Subcordata kelloggii. =1.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 216, 217. 1898.

Fruit larger than the wild Subcordata; yellow or red; flesh soft and palatable. See the discussion of _Prunus subcordata_, page 74.

=Sixby.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:15. 1901.

Sent out by Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa. Fruit small; suture distinct; bright red with conspicuous dots; skin adherent; flesh deep yellow tinged with red, crisp, rich; stone oval.

=Six Weeks.= Triflora × Angustifolia varians? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 10. 1901-2. =2.= _Tex. Nur. Cat._ 8. 1907. =3.= _Tex. Dept. Agr. Bul._ =12=:102. 1910.

Early Six Weeks.

Grown from seed of Abundance crossed with an early “Chicasaw;” named and introduced by J. S. Kerr of Texas. Tree vigorous, upright, rapid in growth, resembles the native variety more than Triflora; fruit large, oblong, yellow tinged red; early.

=Skuya.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ 108. 1908.

A cross between De Soto and Red June made by Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station resulted in eight seedlings of which the above was the first to fruit. Fruit large, dark, dull red and yellow, sweet; good; stone small.

=Sloe.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894-1900. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:59. 1897.

Sloe is a small native variety that has been given the common name of the wild European plum. (See the following name.) Fruit small, roundish-oblong; skin thick, dark red; clingstone; mid-season. The name is also applied in one locality or another to nearly all of the American species of plums as they grow wild.

=Sloe.= Spinosa. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ 1529. 1688. =3.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:63. 1771. =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:106. 1832.

_Blackthorn_ 4. Black Prunella 2. _Common Sloe_ 4. _Épine noire_ 4. _Petit prunallier_ 4. Pruneola 1. _Prunelle_ 3. _Prune Sauvage_ 3. _Prunus silvestris_ 3. _Prunus spinosa, foliis lanceolatis_ 3. _Prunelier_ 4. _Prunus spinosa_ 4. _Prunier èpineux_ 4. _Prunallier_ 4. Slee-Pruim 3. White Prunella 2. _White Blossomed Sloe_ 4.

See _Prunus spinosa_.

=Small Green Drying.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 153. 1831.

A variety under test in the garden of the London Horticultural Society.

=Small White Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:81. 1768. =2.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:44, Tab. 198 fig. 1. 1796. =3.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 300. 1846. =4.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:496. 1860. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:127. 1866-73. =6.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 726. 1884. =7.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 427. 1889.

_Damas blanc petit_ 6, 7. Damascenen Mirabelle 7. Die Kleine Weisse Damascenerpflaume 2. _Kleine Weisse Damascene_ 7. _Klein Weisse Damassener Pflaume_ 5. Petit Damas Blanc 1, 5. _Petit Damas Blanc_ 2, 3, 7. _Prune Petit Damas Blanc_ 5. Prunier Damas à petit fruit blanc 4. Small White Damask 6. _Small White Damask_ 7. White Damask 3.

Probably a French variety. Tree of medium productiveness; shoots smooth; fruit small, roundish, inclining to ovate; stem medium in length, slender; skin yellowish, tinged with red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet and well flavored; freestone; mid-season; culinary.

=Smiley.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 40. 1899. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 188. 1901. =4.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:281, 282. 1904.

Thought to have originated in Alabama. Tree vigorous with an open and spreading habit, very productive; fruit medium or above, roundish-oval to roundish-oblong; cavity shallow, rounded; suture a line; red with numerous small, yellow dots; skin tough; flesh yellow, soft; quality fair to good; stone medium, oval, somewhat flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Smith.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:18. 1901. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 164. 1901.

A seedling of Quaker grown by C. A. Smith, Caroline County, Maryland. Tree of straggling, open growth, vigorous and productive; fruit large, sometimes very large, roundish-oval to roundish-oblong; suture a line; apex rounded; cavity shallow, narrow; stem short and stout; yellow overspread with dark red; dots small, yellow; bloom heavy; skin thick, tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; good to best; stone large, oval, nearly free; medium early. Waugh says, “One of the best Americanas I ever saw.”

=Smith October.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 146. 1896.

A seedling grown by A. M. Smith, St. Catherines, Ontario. Fruit of medium size, slightly one-sided; suture obscure; black, somewhat mottled; bloom light; flesh dark yellow, firm, subacid; quality fair; stone small, globular with a deep hollow alongside a thickened margin.

=Smith Prolific.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:56. 1900. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 433. 1905.

Under test at the Experimental Farm at Agassiz, British Columbia. Fruit medium in size, globular; cavity deep; stem short; suture distinct and terminating in a depression; yellowish with a purple-red cheek; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, juicy, sprightly; stone of medium size, clinging; mid-season.

=Smith Red.= Nigra? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Rpt._ =11=:345. 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:59, 60. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 171. 1901.

Smith’s Red 1, 2.

Sent to the Wisconsin Experiment Station in 1890 by I. F. Gale & Son, Waukesha, Wisconsin. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, round-oval; suture a line; stem short and stout, set in a shallow cavity; purplish-red, shading to orange; dots minute; bloom thin; skin thick with a very slight harshness; flesh yellow, firm, sweet; fair to good; stone large, oval, thin, clinging; mid-season.

=Snelling.= Nigra. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 136. 1894. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:39. 1903.

Grown by W. H. Snelling, New Edinburgh, Ontario, about 1880 from a sprout of an old tree growing at Gatineau Point, Quebec. Fruit medium to large, usually round; stem an inch long, set in a round cavity; suture distinct; yellowish-red, mostly covered with darker red; bloom light; skin thin, tender, apt to crack when fully ripe, slightly astringent; flesh soft, very juicy, sweet; good; stone large, flat; mid-season.

=Snyder.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:288. 1900. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 301. 1903.

A seedling of De Soto; originated in 1893 with J. A. Fairchild, Coggon, Linn County, Iowa. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit large, roundish, oblique-truncate; suture a line; apex depressed; stem stout set in a shallow cavity; light red with darker shades of red; dots large; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, brisk subacid; fair to good; stone large, oval, flat, clinging.

=Souris.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

Under test at Indian Head, Northwest Territory, Canada.

=South Cumberland.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 151. 1891.

P. J. Berckmans of Augusta, Georgia, says in the above reference that this variety has been known for twenty-six or twenty-seven years in his section. Fruit golden yellow; very good.

=Southern Beauty.= Species? =1.= Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1892. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894.

Tree peach-like in growth and general appearance; wholly barren; possibly the Blackman renamed; worthless.

=Southern Golden.= Species? =1.= _Ala. Sta. Bul._ =11=:12. 1890.

Noted in the preceding reference as a feeble grower; fruit medium in size, oblong, yellow, tender; quality best; early.

=Spanish Damask.= Domestica. =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:129, Tab. 175 fig. 2. 1796. =2.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803. =3.= Willich _Dom. Enc._ =4=:300. 1803. =4.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1.= 1846. =5.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 693. 1884. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 439. 1889.

_Damas d’Espagne_ 1, 6. Damas D’Espagne 5. Die Damaskpflaume aus Spanien 1. Liegel’s Spanische Damascene 6. Prune Damas D’Espagne 4. _Prunus hispanica_ 4. Spanish Damascene 2. _Spanish Damask_ 6. Spanish Red Damask 3.

Fruit small, roundish; suture shallow; cavity small; stem short; purplish-black; bloom thick; flesh yellow, tender, juicy, not rich; quality fair; freestone; mid-season.

=Spanish King.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 355. 1878. =2.= _Ibid._ 145. 1880. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =169=:243, 247. 1899. =4.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:279. 1900. =5.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 326. 1903.

_Rex_ 1, 2. Spanish 3.

Introduced into Marion County, Iowa, by John Laike, a German, under the name Rex, through cions obtained in 1872 from a Spanish consul. Several tests show this variety to be identical with the Lombard. If the origin given is correct, the belief that the Lombard is an old European variety is substantiated.

=Späte Zwetsche Von Karlstadt.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889.

=Speckled Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt._ =7=:92. 1888.

Originated as a sucker from trees secured in Montreal by James Tobias. Fruit small, round, purplish, speckled with conspicuous dots; very sweet; good.

=Speer.= Americana. =1.= =Cornell Sta. Bul.= =38=:42. 1892. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:45. 1898. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 305. 1898.

Found wild by J. A. Speer, Cedar Falls, Iowa. Tree small, very hardy, spreading, productive, apt to overbear; fruit medium or below, irregular-oval to oblong; suture distinct; cavity shallow; stem short, slender; purplish-red on a yellow ground; dots numerous, small; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, firm and sweet; good; stone large, oval, flat, ends blunt, semi-clinging; medium late.

=Spicer.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:56. 1900.

Originated with Charles Luedloff of Minnesota; according to the above reference of no value in British Columbia.

=Spilling Jaune-double.= Insititia. =1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:63. 1771.

Except in its larger size and poorer quality this variety closely resembles the White Wheat.

=Splendid.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:288. 1900. =2.= Kerr _Cat._ 6. 1900.

Found wild by I. K. Teeter near Magnolia, Harrison County, Iowa, in 1878; introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1900. Tree dwarfish, bears early, productive; fruit medium in size, dark red; skin tough; flesh yellow, very firm, sweet; good; semi-clinging; medium to late.

=Splendor.= Domestica. =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 15 fig. 1893. =2.= _Cal. State Bd. Hort. Rpt._ 47. 1897-98. =3.= _Am. Gard._ =21=:36. 1900. =4.= _U. S. D. A. Yearbook_ 274, Pl. XXXVI. 1903.

Cross-bred Prune A.P.-318 1.

Splendor was originated by Luther Burbank in 1886 from a cross between Pond and Agen. In 1893 it was sold under the name Cross-bred Prune A.P.-318 to Stark Brothers of Louisiana, Missouri, who introduced it the following year under its present name. The fruit is twice the size of Agen, ovoid, compressed, dark purple; bloom heavy; flesh yellow, rich, sweet; freestone; hangs well to the tree and ripens its crop all together.

=Spotted Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 949. 1869.

Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit medium or above, oval; suture shallow; greenish-yellow shaded, mottled and splashed with crimson and lilac; dots numerous, light; bloom thin; flesh coarse, yellow, sugary, juicy, a little vinous; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Springer.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:8. 1901. =2.= _Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 91, 94. 1901.

Found wild by Wm. A. Springer of Fremont, Wisconsin; sent to the Wisconsin Experiment Station in 1890 and named by Professor E. S. Goff. Tree productive; fruit of large size, deep purplish-red shading to yellow; dots numerous, yellow; bloom moderate; skin thick, tender, not harsh; flesh deep yellow, sweet and rich; stone large, thick margined, clinging; mid-season.

=Stabeler Seedling.= Species? =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 429. 1854.

According to Elliott, an American variety; fruit medium in size, oval, greenish-yellow with white specks; flesh yellowish, adhering to the stone; mid-season.

=Standard.= Domestica. =1.= _Gard. Chron._ =13=:600. 1853. =2.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:533. 1855. =3.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =8=:25, Pl. 1860. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 382. 1866. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 429. 1889.

Etendard d’Angleterre 5. _L’Etendard De L’Angleterre_ 3. _Standard of England_ 5. Standard of England 1, 2, 4.

An English variety raised from seed about 1845 by Henry Dowling of Woolston. Fruit above medium size, obovate; suture shallow; stem medium; cavity small; bright red, shading to purplish-red; dots yellow; bloom thin, violet; flesh greenish, firm, juicy, brisk flavor; good; stone small, oval, nearly free; mid-season.

=Standard.= Domestica. =1.= Burbank _Cat._ 11. 1911.

This Standard is a cross between Tragedy and Sugar recently sent out by Luther Burbank. Professor E. J. Wickson of the College of Agriculture at Berkeley, California, describes it as follows: “Freestone, pit small ⅝ inch by ⅝ inch. Flesh yellowish, melting, fine-grained; very juicy and sweet; skin dark blue, sub-color dark red, medium texture.”

=Stark Green Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 196. 1891. =2.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ 1891.

Stark Green Gage is said to be a seedling of Missouri Green Gage; introduced by Stark Brothers in 1891. As tested at this Station both of these varieties are identical with Imperial Gage.

=Steinman.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:59. 1897. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:288. 1900. =3.= _Ibid._ =114=:144. 1910.

Steinman No. 2, 3.

Of the type of Stoddard, originated in 1883 by C. Steinman, Mapleton, Iowa, from a mixed lot of seed of De Soto, Quaker and Forest Garden. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, oval, conical, one-sided; stem short; suture distinct; apex pointed; crimson with numerous dots; bloom thick; skin thin; flesh yellow, watery, sweet; good to very good; stone medium, oval, pointed; late.

=Stella.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 6. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 164. 190=1.=

Grown by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska. Tree spreading, very productive; fruit large, globular, purplish-red; season medium.

=Steptoe.= Domestica. =1.= _Oregon Sta. Bul._ =45=:31. 1897. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:211. 1898. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 548. 1901.

Originated with Calvin Throop near Steptoe Butte, Washington; introduced by George Purdy, Colfax, Washington. Tree upright, vigorous, bears every year; fruit resembles Italian Prune very much but is larger and ripens two weeks earlier; ovate, purple; bloom thin; flesh yellowish, juicy, sweet, pleasant.

=Sterling.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 12. 1898.

Cataloged by J. W. Kerr for three years; not described.

=Stickney.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:60. 1897.

A tender-fleshed variety of the season and size of Rollingstone, grown by Franklin Johnson of Baraboo, Wisconsin.

=Stint.= Domestica. =1.= _Garden_ =52=:261. 1897. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:56. 1900. =3.= _Garden_ =62=:133. 1902. 4. Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889.

Stintpflaume 4.

Introduced by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England, in 1885. Tree dwarfish, very productive; fruit small, roundish, red or reddish-purple; flesh orange, juicy, sweet, fine; good; stone free; early.

=Stonewood.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:165. 1843.

Listed in the catalog of the London Horticultural Society. Fruit of medium size, roundish, purple; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Stout.= Domestica. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894.

An inferior blue variety originated by Mr. Stout of Kent County, Delaware; tested by J. W. Kerr.

=Strawberry.= Angustifolia watsoni. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:65. 1892. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 234. 1901.

Tree dwarf, symmetrical, much subject to twig-blight. Fruit small, roundish; cavity shallow; stem slender; skin thin, red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, soft; quality poor; stone roundish, clinging.

=Striped-leaved.= Domestica? =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

Mentioned by Forsyth as one of the sorts commonly grown in England in his time.

=Sucker State.= Hortulana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:50, 87. 1892. =2.= _Col., O., Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 82. 1892. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 182. 1901.

The origin of this variety is not known, but it is thought to have come from Illinois. Tree vigorous, fairly productive; fruit medium or above, round-oblong; suture a line; cavity shallow; stem slender; dark red; dots numerous, small, yellow; bloom very thin or lacking; skin thick; flesh yellow, firm; good; stone of medium size, clinging; late.

=Suisse.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:82. 1768. =2.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803. =3.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:63. 1832. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 949. 1869. =5.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 726. 1884. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 450. 1889.

_Altesse_ 3, 5, 6. La Prune Suisse 2. _Monsieur Tardif_ 4, 5, 6. _Monsieur Tardive_ 3, 4. _Prune d’Altesse_ 4, 6. _Prune de Monsieur Tardive_ 3. Prune Suisse 1. _Prune Suisse_ 3, 4. _Swiss Plum_ 3, 4, 6. Semiana 6. _Simiana_ 4. Schweizer Pflaume 6. _Switzer’s Plum_ 4, 5, 6.

An old European variety known under many names. In the French nurseries, it has been badly confused with the Blue Impératrice so common in England. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit small, oval, dark purple shading to dark red; bloom heavy; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy and melting; good; clingstone; late.

=Sultan.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ =21=:243. 1871. =2.= _Flor. and Pom._ 145. Pl. 1875. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 727. 1884.

Raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, from seed of Belle, about 1871. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit medium to large, round with a deep suture; stem medium; cavity wide; deep red; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, juicy, brisk and pleasant; clingstone; early mid-season; said to be an excellent culinary plum.

=Sultaneck Erick.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

=Sunrise.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 78. 1897.

Exhibited by C. C. Stirling, Grand Rapids, Michigan, at the meeting of the American Pomological Society in 1897. Fruit of medium size, round, yellow and lilac; of the Reine Claude type.

=Sunrise.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 102. 1902. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:32. 1903.

A seedling of De Soto from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Fruit large, oval; cavity narrow, shallow, abrupt; suture distinct, but not depressed; apex rounded; yellow more or less covered with bright red; dots few, yellow, distinct; bloom medium; skin thick, moderately tough; flesh deep yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone large, flat, oval, free or nearly so; late.

=Sunset.= Americana. =1.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:46. 1898. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:289. 1900.

Originated by Charles E. Pennock of Bellevue, Colorado, in 1892. Tree vigorous, hardy, very productive; fruit large, oval or oblong; suture distinct; stem rather long, slender; deep red on a yellow ground, beautifully shaded; flesh firm, of excellent quality; mid-season.

=Surpasse Monsieur.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:63. 1832. =2.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:498. 1860. =3.= _Le Bon Jard._ 341. 1882.

A hybrid between Monsieur and Jerusalem raised by M. Noisette of Paris; first fruited in 1819. Tree very vigorous; fruit above medium size, round, purplish-black; flesh yellow, a trifle harsh; excellent; mid-season.

=Svedske Tidlig Leipziger.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 153. 1831.

Grown in the gardens of the London Horticultural Society prior to 1831.

=Svedske Ungersk.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 153. 1831.

=Swan.= Domestica. =1.= Rivers _Cat._ 35. 1898. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:56. 1900.

Raised by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England. Tree very productive; fruit large, red; freestone; mid-season.

=Swan Golden.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:56. 1900. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 548. 1901. =3.= _Ibid._ 433. 1905.

Swan 3. Swan’s Yellow 2.

Found only in the preceding reports. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture distinct; cavity small; stem short; yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, tender; stone small, mid-season.

=Sweet Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843.

An English variety similar to Shropshire except in its sweetness.

=Swift.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 119. 1904.

A seedling of De Soto grown at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Fruit large, broad-oval, much flattened; cavity narrow, shallow; suture a line; apex slightly flattened; yellow, mottled and washed with deep red; dots obscure; bloom light; skin thick, moderately tough; flesh pale yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; stone above medium, oval, almost free.

=Szillassy Piros.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:211. 1898.

Noted in the preceding reference as a variety imported from Hungary.

=Tardive de Corny.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 155, 366. 1895.

This variety is a seedling grown by Victor Simon of Corny, Metz, France. Tree rather small in trunk, but forms a large head, regularly productive; fruit of medium size, roundish, clear yellow blushed with red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet and aromatic; good; late.

=Tardive de Fourqueux.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

Mathieu took his references from the _Journal de la Société Nationale et Centrale d’Horticulture de France_ 169. 1885.

=Tardive de Genes.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 162, 366. 1895.

An Italian variety noted for its size, lateness and color. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit very large, roundish-oval, yellow; flesh firm, sour; very late.

=Tardive Musquee.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:147. 1873. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 370. 1887. =3.= _Rev. Hort._ 536, 561. 1893. =4.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 470. 1894.

_Späte Muskateller Pflaume_ 4.

Originated by M. M. Baltet, a nurseryman at Troyes, France, about 1859. Tree weak, productive; fruit medium to above, round-oval with an indistinct suture, very deep purple; bloom thick; flesh greenish, melting, with aroma of musk; good; mid-season. This may be the Late Muskatelle of Lucas.

=Tarleton.= Cerasifera. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 21. 1897. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:370. 1900.

Waugh says this variety, which comes from Georgia, is very similar to Early Cherry. Tree vigorous, spreading and irregular in growth; fruit small, round; suture indistinct; stem medium, set in a shallow cavity; red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, soft, sweet; quality fair; stone small, clinging; very early.

=Tatge.= Domestica. =1.= _Penin. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 12. 1892. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 76. 1895. =3.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:289. 1900. =4.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 326. 1903. =5.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =162=:258. 1905.

Tatge is said to have originated at Belle Plains, Benton County, Iowa. In 1892, J. W. Kerr of Maryland mentioned this plum as a new variety, brought to notice about 1890. Tatge is so similar to the Lombard that many authorities have noted them as identical. J. L. Budd of Iowa considered it somewhat hardier and less subject to rot.

=Tawny.= Domestica. =1.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1528. 1688.

Given by Ray in a list of the best sorts of plums cultivated in his time.

=Taybank.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:341. 1846. =2.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:532. 1855. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 727. 1884.

Guthries Taybank 1, 2, 3.

Grown by Charles Guthrie, of Taybank, Dundee, Scotland; probably an offspring of Reine Claude. Fruit nearly large, ovate; suture faint; stem medium, inserted almost without a depression; greenish-yellow with specks of russety-red on the sunny side; flesh yellow, juicy, tender, melting, very sweet, approaching Reine Claude in flavor but not equal to that variety; clingstone; mid-season.

=Tecumseh.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 13. 1897. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:52. 1900.

_Hughes Late_ 1.

J. W. Pool of Indiana who introduced this plum named it Hughes Late but later changed the name to avoid confusion with the variety named Hughes. Fruit medium in size, round, yellow mottled with bright red changing to coppery-red when fully ripe; clingstone; mid-season.

=Temple.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 1875-1899.

Listed by the American Pomological Society in its catalog from 1875 to 1899.

=Tenneha.= Species? Mentioned in _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892.

=Tennessee.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Am. Jour. Hort._ =5=:148. 1869.

Tennessee Plum 1.

A strain of Wild Goose.

=Terrell.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 249. 1903. =2.= _Glen. St. Mary Nur. Cat._ 1904.

A seedling of Excelsior from Jay Terrell, Hastings, Florida; introduced by the Glen St. Mary Nurseries, Glen St. Mary, Florida. Tree healthy, vigorous, similar to Excelsior, bears heavy crops annually; fruit medium to large, nearly round; suture a line; apex blunt; cavity medium in depth; stem short and slender; reddish-yellow, somewhat mottled and deepening to wine-red; dots minute, yellowish; skin thin, tough; flesh greenish-yellow, meaty, subacid, rich; excellent; stone small, broadly oval, turgid, clinging; ripens in June in the South.

=Terry.= Americana mollis. =1.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ 1896. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:271. 1900. =3.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 224. 1902. =4.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:40. 1905.

Free Silver 2. _Free Silver_ 1, 3, 4.

H. A. Terry of Crescent, Iowa grew this variety from seed of Van Buren; first fruited about 1896. Tree vigorous, upright, open; fruit large, regular, oval; cavity small, shallow; suture indistinct; dark red; dots small, gray; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm but melting; good; stone large, oval, clinging; mid-season; ripens very evenly.

=Terry De Soto.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:289. 1900.

Terry’s Desota 1.

A seedling of De Soto, grown by H. A. Terry. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit large, golden-yellow overspread with light crimson, mottled with darker shades; flesh yellow, rich and sweet; clingstone; early.

=Texas Belle.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 34, 57. 1888. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:50. 1892. =3.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:481. 1894.

_Belle_ 2. Paris Belle 1, 3.

Grown by Stephen H. Turner of Texas; introduced by Dr. W. W. Steele of Paris, Texas. Tree small, drooping, hardy and productive; fruit medium to large, roundish, light red; flesh yellow, firm, sweet and pleasant; stone short and turgid, clinging; last of June in Texas. Mentioned in the catalog of the American Pomological Society in 1897.

=Texas Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:484. 1894.

Noted in the preceding reference as having been grown at the Texas Experiment Station.

=Thanksgiving.= Domestica. =1.= Green _Cat._ 8. 1902. =2.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 25. 1904.

Thanksgiving Prune 1.

Thanksgiving originated with a Mr. Gridley of Chili, New York; introduced in 1902 by Charles A. Green of Rochester, New York. Fruit of medium size, oval; suture distinct; purplish-black; sweet; good; late; shrivels and keeps for some time after picking.

=Theresa.= Domestica? =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 264. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 74. 1895.

Originated at Bloomingburgh, Ohio; named for Mrs. Theresa M. Morris of that place. Tree bears heavily and regularly, hardy; fruit of medium size, roundish-oval, reddish-purple; bloom heavy; flesh yellowish-green, very mild, sweet; good; early.

=Thomas.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =7=:388. 1841. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 315. 1845. =3.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:155. 1848. =4.= Hovey _Fr. Am._ =1=:95. 1851. =5.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 439. 1881.

Thomaspflaume 5.

Found in the garden of Wm. Thomas of Boston for whom it was named by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society; first fruited about 1840. Tree vigorous, productive, bears early; fruit large, roundish-oval inclined to oblong; suture shallow with sides unequal; cavity small and narrow; stem medium, rather stout; deep amber mottled and shaded with soft red; dots white, numerous, bloom thin; flesh yellow; juicy, somewhat coarse with a mild pleasant flavor; quality medium; stone rather large, roundish-ovate, light in color, free; mid-season.

=Thomas October.= Domestica? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 85. 1854.

Said to have originated in Upper Dublin Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Fruit medium in size, pale red; good.

=Thompsons Golden Green.= Species? =1.= _Country Gent._ =26=:238. 1865.

From R. O. Thompson, Nebraska. Fruit bronze or gold in color, dotted with red in the sun; very sweet, juicy; freestone.

=Thorndyke Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 950. 1869.

Originated near Newburgh, New York. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit below medium size, roundish; suture slight; pale green; flesh greenish, juicy, sweet, pleasant; clingstone; good; mid-season.

=Thousand-and-one.= Munsoniana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 189. 1901.

Origin unknown. Fruit small, round; suture indistinct; cavity small; bright red with many small, conspicuous dots; flesh yellow, soft; stone small, oval, clinging; mid-season or earlier.

=Thresher.= Domestica. =1.= _Pioneer Nur. Cat._ 1900.

An improved strain of Agen grown by a Mr. Thresher of California.

=Throop.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =152=:211. 1898. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 547. 1901. =3.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:16. 1904.

From George E. Ruedy, Colfax, Washington, in 1896. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit of medium size, ovate; cavity small; suture shallow; dark purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, sweet, pleasant; quality fair; freestone; mid-season.

=Throop No. 1.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:57. 1900.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval; suture broad, distinct; cavity usually lacking; red with thin bloom; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet, rich; stone roundish, free; early.

=Throop No. 2.= Domestica. =1.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:16. 1904.

Tree vigorous, unproductive; fruit large, roundish; sides unequal; suture broad; cavity small; reddish-purple; bloom heavy; dots few, yellow; flesh greenish-yellow, firm, a little coarse, sweet; good; stone semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Throssel.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:290. 1900.

Found wild on the Des Moines River by a Mr. Throssel, Pierson, Woodbury County, Iowa. Tree vigorous, hardy; fruit large; suture distinct; late.

=Tillemond.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:93. 1832.

_Belle Tillemond_ 1. _Prunier de Tillemond_ 1.

Fruit very large, oval; cavity slight; stem large; light purple, with a darker cheek; flesh greenish, somewhat melting, sharp and acid, not pleasant; late.

=Tobias Gage.= Domestica. =1.= _N. Y. Sta. Rpt._ =12=:612. 1893.

Tobias Gage is a supposed seedling of Reine Claude received for testing at this Station in 1888 from J. T. Macomber, Grand Isle, Vermont. Tree moderately vigorous and productive; fruit below medium in size, oblate; suture and cavity shallow; dark coppery-yellow with a dull mottled red blush; bloom thin; flesh yellow, slightly fibrous, firm, sweet; quality good; stone small, semi-clinging; not equal to Reine Claude in appearance or quality.

=Togo.= Triflora. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 119. 1904.

A seedling of Red June from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, from seed planted in 1895; named in honor of Admiral Togo. Fruit above medium, roundish; suture usually indistinct; cavity narrow, medium in depth, abrupt; yellow overlaid with deep red, with many small, inconspicuous dots; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone of medium size, oval, flattened, clinging.

=Tokeya.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Simonii. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ 108. 1908.

One of a lot of hybrids originated at the South Dakota Experiment Station, first fruiting in 1906. Fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter, flat, dark red; flesh green, sprightly subacid, intermediate between that of the two parents; good; stone very small; early.

=Tomato.= Cerasifera. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =13=:370. 1900.

According to Waugh, a seedling of Pissardi, from A. L. Bruce, Basin Springs, Texas. Fruit small to medium, spherical; cavity shallow; stem short, slender; dark red; dots very minute; bloom thin; flesh soft, yellow; poor to fair; stone large, oval, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Tomlingson.= Species? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892.

Given by Bailey in a list of native plums.

=Towakong.= Rivularis. =1.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 223. 1898.

_Creek_ 1. Rivularis 1.

The Indian name of _Prunus rivularis_.

=Trabesche.= Domestica. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =28=:231. 1895. =2.= _Ibid._ =31=:348. 1895.

Trabeshe 2.

A Russian variety introduced into this country by Charles Gibb; tested at the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station. Tree hardy, bears early; fruit large, oval, blue; quality best; freestone; mid-season.

=Transparente.= Species? =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 406. 1881. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 366. 1895.

Durchsichtige 1. _Die Durchsichtige_ 2. _Frühe Gelbe Reine Claude_ 2.

Distinct from the English variety, Transparent. Fruit of medium size, oval clear greenish-yellow; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, aromatic; good; clingstone; early.

=Trapps Königspflaume.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 423. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

Königspflaume von Trapp’s 1. _Royale de Trapp_ 2. _Von Trapp’s Königs Pflaume_ 2.

Produced by Liegel. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, oblate; suture shallow; halves equal or nearly so; stem with short hairs; cavity wide, deep; skin easily removed, sourish; bluish-black; dots fine, numerous, golden; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, fine, juicy, sprightly, pleasant; freestone; ripens before the Reine Claude.

=Traubenpflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

_Usum Erreck_ 1.

Reference found by Mathieu in _Obst-Garten_ 47. 1885.

=Trauttenberg.= Domestica. =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:81. 1873. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_Die Zuckersüsse_ 2. _König Zwetsche_ 2. _Sucree de Trauttenberg_ 2. Sucree-Douce De Trauttenberg 1, 2. _Trauttenberg Zuckersüsse_ 1. Von Trauttenberg’s Zuckersüsse 2.

Originated in Bohemia; named in honor of Baron Trauttenberg, a zealous pomologist. Fruit medium in size, obovate and flattened; suture a line; skin brownish-purple; bloom thick; flesh yellowish-green, juicy, very rich, aromatic; excellent for dessert; stone rough, free; mid-season.

=Trianon.= Domestica. Listed in _Lond. Hort Soc. Cat._ 153. 1831.

=Trinkle No. 4.= Triflora. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1905.

John W. Trinkle of Madison, Indiana, grew this plum from seed of Burbank about 1897. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit large; suture medium; apex small; cavity large, regular, deep; yellowish; dots small, yellow; skin thick, tenacious, bitter; flesh yellowish, slightly translucent, meaty, moderately juicy, mild subacid; good to very good; mid-season.

=Trostle.= Species? =1.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 234. 1901.

Known only in the vicinity of Kingsley, Iowa. Fruit dark red.

=Trouvée de Vouêche.= Species? =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 398. 1857. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

_Trouvée de Vaunêge_ 2. Trouvée de Vonêche 2.

Found wild by Gregoire (probably of Belgium) and introduced by him. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit medium to small, oval, regular, reddish-violet with a darker cheek; bloom violet; flesh juicy, sweet; very good; mid-season.

=Truro.= Americana × Hortulana mineri. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 47. 1895. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 164. 1901.

From Ezra W. Tucker, Williamsfield, Illinois, about 1895. A seedling of Weaver crossed with Miner. Tree upright, hardy; fruit large, oblong; suture shallow; cavity small, shallow; red with many, small, russet dots; flesh yellowish with yellow veins, tender, melting, juicy, mild subacid; very good; stone medium, oval, clinging; late.

=Tucker.= Species? =1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 26. 1894.

Another seedling from Ezra W. Tucker; said to be grown from seed taken from a cluster of trees containing Weaver, Miner, Wild Goose and two prune trees; first fruited in 1894. Tree resembles Wild Goose; fruit medium to large, pyriform, greenish-yellow, overspread with light purplish-red; dots many, small; skin thick, tender, almost sweet; very good; stone large, angular, clinging; mid-season.

=Tudor.= Munsoniana? =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:481. 1894.

Tested at the Texas Experiment Station. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit above medium size, oblong, light red; skin very thin; flesh acid unless fully ripe.

=Turkey.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576, 577. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =3.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1529. 1688. =4.= Langley _Pomona_ 95, 97, Pl. XXV fig. V. 1729. =5.= Abercrombie _Gard. Ass’t_ 13. 1786.

Turkie =1.= Turky =2.= Turkey Plumb 4.

From the brief descriptions of the Seventeenth Century writers, it appears that Turkey was a large blue plum of the German Prune type but the variety has either long since been buried under the hosts of new sorts that have been developed or a new name has been given it.

=Turkish Prune.= Domestica. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 152. 1831. =2.= R. G. Chase _Cat._ =3.= Rice Bros. _Cat._ 1908.

_Quetsche Turkish_ 1.

The name “Turkish Prune,” although sometimes applied to the Italian Prune does not seem to be connected with any particular variety. It may be a synonym of the “Jerusalem Prune” or it may have developed, as a corruption of the still older “Turkey” plum mentioned by Parkinson and other writers in the Seventeenth Century.

=Twice Bearing.= Domestica. =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:113. 1768. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:103. 1832. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831. =4.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ =1=:1846. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:79. 1866-73. =6.= Nicholson _Dict. Gard._ =3=:235. =7.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889.

_Bifere_ 2, 7. Bifere 5. _Bon deux fois l’an?_ 2. _Bonne deux fois l’an_ 3. _De Deux Saison_ 5. _Deux fois l’an_ 2. _P. biferum_ 6. _Prune bifere =2.= Prune de Deux Saisons_ 2, 7. _Prune qui fructifie deux fois l’an_ 5, 7. _Prunier bifere_ 4. _Prunier Fleurissant et Poussant Deux Fois_ 5, 7. _Prunier qui fructifie deux fois par an_ 1, 2. Prunus bifera 1. _Zweimal Blühende und Zweimal Tragende Bunte Pflaume_ 5, 7. Zweimal Tragende 7.

A Domestica of ancient origin grown more as a curiosity and an ornamental than for utility. Fruit long, almost olive-form; suture faint; skin reddish-yellow, heavily tinged with brown; bloom heavy; flesh coarse, yellow, green beneath the suture, juice insipid; stone almost smooth, acutely pointed, clinging. The first crop is borne the beginning of August; the second very late; both worthless.

=Twins.= Domestica. =1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 55. 1878.

_Corse’s Twins_ 1.

A curious double plum which originated with Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada; inferior.

=Tzaueron.= Insititia? =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 357. 1891.

Le Prunier Tzaneron 1. _Tzaneron_ 1.

Very generally grown throughout southeastern Europe. Tree below medium size; branches upright; leaves small; glabrous, oval, deep green in color; fruit grows in clusters, small, pale yellow; flesh firm, juicy, sprightly, refreshing. This variety is an important commercial sort in the country where it is grown.

=Ulysses.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 950. 1869.

From western New York; fruit above medium size, roundish-oval, whitish, shaded and mottled with violet-purple; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Uncle Ben.= Domestica? =1.= _Gard. and For._ =7=:243. 1894. =2.= Kansas “_The Plum_” 29. 1900.

Originated in Stanislaus County, Napa Valley, California; fruit medium to large, golden-yellow, spotted with red; flesh sweet, juicy, very good; freestone; late.

=Ungarische Dattel Zwetsche.= Domestica? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

_Ungarische Späte Bouteillen Zwetsche._

=Union.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =6=:269 fig. 1895. =2.= _Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt._ 120. 1898. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:161. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 124. 1901.

Reagles’ Union Purple 1. Union Purple 2, 3. _Union Purple_ 4.

Union originated about 1850 with C. Reagles of Schenectady, New York. Tree hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, dark purple; bloom thick; stem adheres strongly to the fruit; flesh dark yellow, firm, tender, sweet, mild; quality fair; stone oval, turgid, clinging; mid-season.

=Uryany.= Domestica.

Introduced from Ammassia, Turkey, by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1904 and sent to this Station for testing. Tree vigorous, upright with a dense top; fruit variable in size, roundish to roundish-ovate; suture a line; cavity narrow, deep, abrupt; stem rather thick, short; dark purple; dots numerous, very small, yellowish; bloom heavy; skin thin, tough, astringent; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; stone of medium size, somewhat flattened, clinging; season late.

=U. S.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 6. 1900. =2.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 165. 1901. =3.= _Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 109. 1903.

_Brittlewood No._ 2 3. _United States_ 3.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, spherical, dark purplish-red; flesh a trifle coarse; good; clingstone; medium to late.

=Valence.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:163. 1843. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 145, 153. 1831.

Damas de Valence 1, 2. _Saint Loo_ 2.

Fruit small, roundish, purple; clingstone; late.

=Valentia.= Domestica. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803.

Mentioned as a plum of value by Forsyth.

=Valienciennes.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889.

_Die Valienciennes._ _Edle Königs Pflaume._

=Value.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 6. 1902-3. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:39. 1903.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska; introduced in 1902 by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland. Tree vigorous, healthy and productive; fruit large, round or sometimes inclined to oblong, dark red; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Van Benschoten.= Domestica.

Van Benschoten was introduced by a Mr. Snyder of Kingston, New York. Fruit of medium size, roundish, greenish-yellow with russet spots; good; stone small, free.

=Van Buren.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 286. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:42. 1892. =3.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:46, Pl. XV. 1898. =4.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ =43=:32. 1903.

Van Buren came from a wild seedling in Van Buren County, Iowa; introduced by J. Thacher. Tree spreading, moderately productive and slow growing; fruit of medium size, roundish; cavity small; suture a line; skin thick; red over yellow; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, sweet; quality good; clingstone; season late.

=Van Deman.= Americana. =1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 392. 1891. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 88. 1895. =3.= Terry _Cat._ 1900. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 165. 1901.

Van Dieman 2.

Van Deman is a seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1891. Fruit large, oval; cavity small; suture a line; skin thick; dark red; bloom thick; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone oval, flattened, clinging; season late.

=Van Houten.= Species? =1.= Terry _Cat._ 5. 1900.

A plum of unknown parentage from H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; first fruited in 1895; dwarfish; productive; fruit very large, round, bright red; mid-season.

=Venetianische Zweimal Tragende.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 452. 1889.

_La Bonne Deux Fois L’An._ _La Venitienne_.

=Venus.= Munsoniana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 8. 1900.

From H. A. Terry; of unknown parentage. Tree upright, productive; fruit very large, yellow overspread with light pinkish-red becoming darker red; dots numerous, white; flesh yellow, very sweet and rich; good; clingstone; early.

=Verdacchio.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676. =3.= Gallesio _Pom. Ital._ =2=: fig. 1839.

Verdock 1, 2.

An old Italian variety. A few of the modern writers hold it to be the Reine Claude but according to Gallesio, it is a distinct plum. Fruit medium in size, obovate, greenish; flesh crisp, sweet, agreeable; very good.

=Verdache.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 451. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 161, 366. 1895.

Tree very productive; fruit small, oval, yellowish olive-green with flesh the same color, sweet; late; said to be excellent for making prunes or for cooking.

=Vermilion.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:44. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 165. 1901.

Le Duc Vermillion 1, 2. _Le Duc Vermillion_ 3.

Grown for some years by J. W. Kerr, but dropped in 1901. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblong, bright red; flesh yellow, very good; clingstone; late.

=Vermilon Hâtif.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 452. 1889.

=Vesuvius.= Cerasifera ×? =1.= _Fancher Creek Nur. Cat._ 1907-8. =2.= _Ibid._ 1909.

_Foliage Plum_ 1, 2.

Grown by Luther Burbank from a cross between Pissardi and some native or Triflora sort; introduced by the Fancher Creek Nurseries in 1907. Tree vigorous, elm-like in habit of growth, not productive; fruit small, roundish, purplish-red; flesh yellow; quality fair; stone small; valuable only as an ornamental.

=Vick.= Munsoniana × Americana? =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 287. 1887. =2.= _Ibid._ 276. 1893. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:14. 1901.

James Vick 1, 2, 3.

Supposed to be a seedling of Wild Goose crossed with some Americana; originated by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, about 1880. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; dots numerous; suture distinct; bright red; bloom light; flesh yellowish-green, tender; quality fair; stone small, clinging; mid-season.

=Victor.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling raised at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Northwest Territory, Canada. Fruit of medium size; mid-season.

=Victoria.= Species? Letter from Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska; fruit large, firm; poor.

=Violet.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 578. 1629. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 92, fig. VII. 1729. =3.= _Garden_ =50=:223. 1897. =4.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:16. 1904.

_Early Violet_ 3. Violette 4. Violet Plumb 2.

This variety is possibly the same as Précoce de Tours but we are unable to identify it positively with this or any other known variety. The “Violette” mentioned in the fourth reference above may not be identical with the Violet of the older writers but it seems to be similar. According to Parkinson the Violet is “a small and long blackish blew plum, ripe about Bartholomew tide, a very good dry eating plum.”

=Victor Sand Cherry.= (_Prunus besseyi_ × Munsoniana) × Domestica. =1.= _Am. Br. Assoc. Rpt._ =2=:184. 1906.

Theodore Williams of Benson, Nebraska pollinated _Prunus besseyi_ with Wild Goose and the resulting seedling was fertilized with pollen from Quackenboss. This final cross resulted in the variety under discussion. Fruit nearly two inches in diameter; apparently of value.

=Violet Imperial.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =4=:196. 1849.

_Die Violette Kaiserpflaume_ 1. _Impériale Violette_ 1.

Violet Imperial is usually considered the same as Red Magnum Bonum but Liegel describes it as distinct in that its leaves are shorter, its fruit smaller, darker and ripening period three or four weeks later.

=Violet Royal.= Domestica. Mentioned in Miller _Gard. Kal._ 155. 1734.

=Violette Americaine.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 452. 1889.

Mathieu found reference in Revue Horticole 351. 1869.

=Virgata.= Species? =1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 51. 1889.

A tender shrub of value only as an ornamental. Flowers semi-double, rose colored; fruit of medium size, oblong, yellow; flesh yellow, juicy, subacid; quality fair; clingstone; very early.

=Virgie.= Hortulana mineri × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:229. 1899.

Originated with A. L. Bruce of Texas; a cross between Miner and Crimson Beauty. Fruit medium, nearly round; suture a line; cavity very shallow; deep crimson with many yellow dots; flesh yellow; good; stone small, round, slightly flattened, clinging.

=Virginia Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 151. 1891.

Mentioned in the preceding reference as doing well in Virginia.

=Von Berlepsch Zwetsche.= Domestica. Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_Berlepsch’s Violette Zwetsche._

=Von Bose Rote Zwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

=Von Lade Späte Mirabelle.= Insititia. Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

=Von Moro Reine Claude.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

Mathieu’s reference taken from _Pomologische Monatshefte_ 1. 1878.

=Voslauer Zwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Mathieu =Nom. Pom.= 453. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 367. 1895.

Similar to the Italian Prune.

=Vulcan.= Triflora ×? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:229. 1899.

A hybrid grown by Luther Burbank; much like Wickson. Fruit very large, oval, with sides unequal; cavity large, abrupt; stem short, very stout; suture deep at the top; purple with darker shades; dots numerous, yellow; flesh red next the skin, sweet and pleasant; excellent; stone large, elliptical, slightly flattened, clinging.

=Wabash.= Species? =1.= _Ind. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 72. 1868.

Noted as a native variety grown in Gibson and Posey Counties, Indiana. Tree low and shrubby, bearing early; fruit large, conical.

=Wady.= Species? =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 286. 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:80. 1892. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:62. 1897.

_Wady’s Early_ 1, 2, 3.

Reported as of little value except for early ripening and productiveness; fruit small; good for canning.

=Wagner.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =46=:291. 1900.

Wagner No. 9 1.

A seedling of Weaver fertilized with a wild variety; grown by J. F. Wagner, Bennett, Iowa, in 1894. Fruit small, ovate; cavity broad, shallow; suture clearly defined; yellowish-red; bloom thin; flesh brownish-yellow, sugary, sweet; quality best; stone large, flattened, clinging; mid-season.

=Wahre Frühzwetsche.= Domestica. =1.= Lucas _Vollst. Hand. Obst._ 473. 1894. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_August Zwetsche_ 2. _Couetsche Précoce_ 2. _Couetsche Précoce La Vraie_ 2. _Diel’s August Zwetsche_ 2. _Frühe Gemeine Zwetsche_ 2. _Frühe Haus Zwetsche_ 2. _Frühe Zwetsche_ 2. _Précoce Veritable_ 2.

Tree large, a quick grower; fruit medium, oval, dark blue; stone completely free; valuable for dessert and drying.

=Wahre Weisse Diaprée.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_Dorell’s Neue Weisse Diaprée._

=Wakapa.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ 108. 1908.

A hybrid between De Soto and Red June reported by Hansen, the originator, in the preceding reference as worthy of further testing.

=Walker Seedling.= Domestica. =1.= _Can. Hort._ =21=:390. 1898.

A seedling raised by A. W. Walker, Clarksburg, Ontario. Fruit of medium size, dark maroon; flesh greenish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet, pleasant; freestone; early.

=Wallace.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of Harrison grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree healthy, vigorous and productive; fruit large, inclined to oblong, bright yellow overspread with red; flesh firm; good; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Walter.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 431. 1881.

Produced by Herr Walter in Altenburg, Germany; valuable for table and market purposes. Tree vigorous; shoots glabrous; fruit roundish-oval, medium; suture deep; halves usually equal; stem thick, straight, strongly hairy; skin not adherent, dark brown; bloom thick; flesh yellow, tender, very juicy; like Reine Claude in flavor; early.

=Walther Pflaume.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

The reference by Mathieu came from _Monatsschrift für Pomologie_ 281. 1858.

=Ward October Red.= Rivularis ×? =1.= Munson _Cat._ 10. 1902-3.

Found in Clay County, Texas, by Robert Ward; introduced by T. V. Munson, Denison, Texas. Tree very vigorous and hardy, spreading habit, very productive; fruit dark bright red with meaty flesh; excellent quality; stone small; ripens in Texas in September and October.

=Warner.= Domestica. =1.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =31=:60. 1886. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:193. 1897.

Warner’s Late 1. Warner’s Late Red 2.

Warner originated in Schoharie County, New York, and was introduced by S. D. Willard, Geneva, New York. It is a late variety too small and unattractive for commercial purposes. Fruit below medium in size, roundish; cavity shallow; suture a line; stem three-quarters of an inch long; skin moderately thick, dull greenish-red; bloom thin; flesh yellow, juicy, firm, sweet, mild; quality fair to good; stone oval, slightly flattened, clinging; season very late.

=Warren.= Americana. =1.= Terry _Cat._ 5. 1900.

Grown from seed of Hawkeye by H. A. Terry; first fruited in 1897. Fruit large, mottled light red, with thin bloom; late.

=Wastesa.= Species? =1.= _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

_State Fair No. 16_ 1.

A seedling of some native plum; grown and sent out by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station.

=Waterloo Pflaume.= Domestica? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889.

_Duc de Waterloo_ 1. _Prune de Waterloo_ 1.

This may be identical with Golden Drop although Mathieu separates them.

=Watson.= Triflora × Angustifolia varians? =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:21. 1898.

A seedling of Kelsey thought to have been pollinated by Lone Star; originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates in 1897. Tree vigorous, open; fruit large, pointed, red when fully ripe; flesh yellow, juicy, melting; stone nearly free, small.

=Watts.= Species? =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 166. 1885.

Mentioned as grown by Dr. D. S. Watts of Madison County, Mississippi.

=Waugh.= Triflora × Hortulana. =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:273. 1901. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =61=:658. 1902. =3.= _Ibid._ =65=:730. 1906.

Grown by J. W. Kerr, Denton, Maryland, from seed of Chabot fertilized with Wayland; introduced in 1901. Favorably reported where tested. Tree vigorous, rapid and shapely in growth; fruit medium to large, roundish inclining to oblong; cavity shallow; stem slender; dark purplish-red; dots few and indistinct; flesh yellow, firm, meaty; very good; stone small, semi-clinging; mid-season or early.

=Wax.= Domestica. =1.= _Cultivator_ =3=:19. 1855. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 425. 1889.

Cire 2. _Wax Plum_ 2.

Raised by Elisha Dorr of Albany, New York; thought to be a cross between Bleeker and Denniston Superb; resembles Bleeker in growth and productiveness of tree; fruit large, slightly oval; stem very long; deep yellow overspread with carmine; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm, sweet with a sprightly flavor; clingstone; late.

=Wazata.= Nigra? =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:42. 1892. =2.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 190. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 171. 1901.

Found wild in Minnesota; introduced by P. M. Gideon and W. F. Heikes. Tree upright, very ornamental in bloom; fruit small to medium, round, dull red; flesh yellow; inferior; clingstone; mid-season to late.

=Webster Gage.= Domestica. =1.= Watkins _Cat._ 1892. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 157, 364. 1895. =3.= _Garden_ =56=:344. 1899.

Reine-Claude de Webster 2. _Webster Gage_ 2. Webster’s Gage 1, 3.

Tree bears regularly but sparsely; fruit larger than Reine Claude, a little more oval in shape, yellowish-green; flesh yellowish, tender, soft, juicy, rich; mid-season.

=Weeping Blood.= Triflora. =1.= _Hill Side Nursery Sp. Cir._ 1895-6.

From J. L. Normand of Marksville, Louisiana; produces blood-red plums of good quality; valuable only as an ornamental.

=Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889.

_Weisse Zeiberl_ 1.

Mathieu found reference to this variety in _Wiener Garten-Zeitung_ 290. 1884.

=Welch.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

Grown by H. A. Terry from seed of Hammer; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree upright, vigorous; fruit large, bright red on a yellow ground; flesh yellow, rich; clingstone; mid-season.

=Welcome.= Americana. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 100. 1903.

A handsome seedling of De Soto grown by the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit above medium size, oval, flattened; cavity narrow, shallow; rich yellow, more or less washed with red; dots very small, yellow, indistinct; bloom thin; skin moderately thick, tough; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; good; mid-season.

=Weisse Kaiserin.= Domestica. =1.= Oberdieck _Deut. Obst. Sort._ 418. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889.

_Datte Jaune_ 2. _Gelbe Marunke_ 2. _Grosse Gelbe Dattel Pflaume_ 2. Grosse Gelbe Dattel Zwetsche 2. _Imperial Jaune_ 2. _Prune Datte_ 2. _Weisse Kaiserin_ 2.

Probably of German origin; tree medium in size, a rapid grower, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval; suture shallow; stem short, glabrous; skin not adherent, whitish-yellow, the sunny side dull red, sometimes dotted with red; dots numerous, fine, yellowish; bloom thin; flesh whitish-yellow, firm, very juicy, highly flavored; good for dessert and cooking; clingstone; late.

=Werder’sche Frühzwetsche.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889.

_Stengel Pflaume._

=Wetherell.= Domestica. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:92. 1840.

Col. Wetherell 1.

Originated by Henry Corse, Montreal, Canada, about 1830. Spoken of highly at the time of its origin; valuable for commercial purposes.

=Wetherill’s Sweet.= Insititia. =1.= Prince _Treat. Hort._ 27. 1828. =2.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831.

A Damson-like plum; small, sweet and delicious; clingstone; early.

=Whatisit.= _Prunus besseyi_ × Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 18. 1899-1900.

Grown by Theodore Williams of Nebraska from seed of _Prunus besseyi_ pollinated by an Americana; introduced by J. W. Kerr. Tree upright and vigorous, bears early, productive; fruit small, spherical inclining to oblong, dark purplish-red.

=Wheat.= Insititia. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 209. 1676. =3.= Ray _Hist. Plant._ =2=:1529. 1688. =4.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831. =5.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 293, 383. 1846. =6.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 913. 1869. =7.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 730. 1884.

English Wheat 6. _Great Whitton_ 4. _Nutmeg_ 2. _Nutmeg_ 4, 5, 6. Red Wheate 1. Wheaten 3. _Wheaten_ 4, 5. _Whitton_ 4, 5. Wheat Plum 5. _Wheat Plum_ 6. _Wheaton_ 6. _Whitlow_ 6.

During the Seventeenth Century this name was applied to all Insititia plums and is still so used in parts of Europe.

=Whitaker.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:51, 86. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 74. 1895. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 190. 1901. =4.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 212. 1904.

Whitacre 4.

Whitaker is a seedling of Wild Goose raised and introduced by J. T. Whitaker of Tyler, Texas. Fruit of medium size, oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bright red; bloom thin; dots many, distinct; flesh yellow, sweet; quality fair; stone small, long-oval, pointed, flat, clinging; mid-season. Listed in the catalog of the American Pomological Society since 1899.

=Whitby.= Species? =1.= _Can. Hort._ =18=:350. 1895.

A seedling exhibited at the Toronto Industrial Fair in 1895 by the originator, J. K. Gordon, Whitby, Canada.

=White Corn.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831.

=White Diaper.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 952. 1869.

_Diapre Blanc_ 1. _Diaprée Blanche_ 1.

This variety seems to have been known only by Downing who says it is a small, round plum with a whitish-green skin covered with bloom; flesh rather firm, pale yellow, sweet; good; mid-season.

=White Honey Damson.= Insititia. =1.= Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1892.

A sweet yellow Damson.

=White Muscle.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

_White Mussell_ 1.

A strain of the Muscle plum differing from it only in its greenish-white color.

=White Otschakoff.= Domestica. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1887. =2.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 18. 1889.

_Bielaya Otschakorskaya_ 1.

One of the numerous varieties imported from East Europe by the Iowa Agricultural College about 1882. At one time recommended for the prairie states by Professor Budd.

=White Pear.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Langley _Pomona_ 96, 97. 1729. =3.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831. =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:104. 1831.

Late White Pear 1.

A variety of ancient and unknown origin. Fruit medium in size, obovate; flesh adhering to the stone.

=White Peascod.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Rea _Flora_ 208. 1676.

Peascod Plum 2. White Pescod 1.

Mentioned by the early writers; similar to the Green and Red Peascod.

=White Prune.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 228. 1909.

Grown by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa; not yet introduced. Fruit long-oval, yellow, partly over-spread with red; bloom thick, conspicuous; skin thick, tough, acrid; flesh very firm, meaty, sweetish; good; freestone.

=White Queen.= Domestica. =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =7=:95, Pl. 1859. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:101, fig. 1866-73. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 721. 1884. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889. =5.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:42, 43. 1899.

_Neue Weisse Kaiserin_ 4. Prune Reine Blanche 1. Reine Blanche 2, 3. _Reine Blanche_ 2, 4. _Reine Blanche de Galopin_ 4. _Weisse Königin_ 2. Weisse Königin 4.

Raised by M. Galopin, a nurseryman of Liege, Belgium, about 1844; introduced into America by the United States Department of Agriculture about 1890. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size, roundish-ovate, flattened at the ends, yellowish-white, sometimes tinged with red; suture shallow; cavity shallow, wide; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, aromatic; good; stone small, oval, clinging; late.

=White Sweet Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:123. 1840.

Originated as a seedling in Essex County, New York, sometime previous to 1840.

=White Wheat.= Insititia. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629. =2.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =2=:63. 1771.

Spilling Jaune-simple 2. White Wheate 1.

A yellow variety of the Wheat plum of Europe. Fruit small, oval, yellow; fair quality.

=White Virginal.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:73. 1831. =2.= Poiteau _Pom. Franc._ 1. 1846. =3.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._ 306. 1854. =4.= Bridgeman _Gard. Ass’t_ 130. 1857. =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:129. 1866-73. =6.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889. =7.= _Guide Prat._ 158, 367. 1895.

_Altesse Blanche?_ 6, 7. _Double Beurre Witte?_ 6, 7. _Peach_ 3. _Précoce_ 7. _Prune Précoce?_ 6. _Prune Virginale_ 2. _Virginal à gros fruit blanc_ 1. _Virginal blanc_ 1. Virginale 4. _Virginale à Fruit Blanc_ 6, 7. _Virginale à gros fruit blanc_ 5, 6, 7. _Virginal Blanche_ 6. Virginale blanche 3, 5, 7. _Virgin_ 6. _White Virginal_ 4. _White Virginale_ 6. Weisse Jungfernpflaume 6. _Weisse Jungfernpflaume_ 5, 7.

A variety confused by Downing with the Red Virginal. Fruit medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture a line; greenish-yellow; bloom heavy; flesh pale greenish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Whyte.= Nigra. =1.= _Can. Exp. Farm. Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:57. 1900. =2.= _Ibid._ =43=:39. 1903.

Whyte’s Red Seedling 1.

Grown by R. B. Whyte, Ottawa, Canada; under test at the Central Experimental Farm, under the name “Whyte R. B., No. 3.” Fruit medium in size, roundish; cavity narrow; suture a line; apex rounded; deep red; dots and bloom lacking; skin thin, tender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; good; stone long, semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Whitley.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 731. 1884.

Whitley’s 1.

Fruit below medium size, round; suture faint; stem on a slight elevation, of medium length, slender; red with yellow dots, darker on the side next the sun; flesh yellow with white veins, juicy, sweet and well flavored; clingstone; late.

=Wier.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Gard._ =13=:460. 1892. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:45, 86. 1892. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:63. 1897.

Wier Large Red 1. Wier’s Large Red 2, 3.

Originated by D. B. Wier of Illinois; resembles Miner, but is no better than that variety. Fruit large, round; skin thin, red; flesh yellow, moderately firm; fair to good; clingstone.

=Wier No. 50.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:63. 1897.

Wier’s No. 50, 1, 2.

From D. B. Wier of Illinois. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive, bears annually; fruit large, round, dark red over yellow; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Wilde.= Domestica. =1.= _Horticulturist_ =7=:402. 1852. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 953. 1869.

Wilde’s 1.

Raised by a Mr. Comack from a stone brought from Italy by R. H. Wilde. Tree productive; fruit medium to large, oval-oblong, greenish-yellow; flesh yellowish-green, firm, dry, sweet; clingstone; early.

=Wilder.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:78. 1892. =2.= Terry _Cat._ 1899. =3.= _Ala. Coll. Sta. Bul._ =112=:178. 1900. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 175. 1901.

Col. Wilder 1, 2. _Colonel Wilder_ 4. President Wilder 3.

Wilder was grown from seed of Wild Goose in 1885 by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; skin firm, dark red; bloom thin; dots distinct; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet; quality good; stone large, oval, clinging; mid-season.

=Wild Goose Improved.= Munsoniana. =1.= Stark _Cat._ 29. 1910.

An improved strain of Wild Goose introduced by Stark Brothers, Louisiana, Missouri, in 1910.

=Wildrose.= Americana. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ =134.= 1887. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:45, 86. 1892. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:64. 1897.

A wild seedling found in Minnesota; introduced in 1880 by A. W. Sias, Rochester, Minnesota. Fruit large, round, yellow blushed with red; flesh firm; clingstone; early to mid-season.

=Wilkinson.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 400. 1857.

Tree vigorous; branches smooth, rather slender; fruit of medium size, oval, slightly necked; skin reddish-purple; bloom thick; stalk medium, set in a small cavity; flesh dark yellow, firm, sweet, not rich; semi-clinging; late.

=Willamette.= Domestica.

For a discussion of this plum see the Pacific.

=Williams.= Nigra? =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 1894. =2.= _Ibid._ 15. 1897. =3.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:64. 1897.

Tree vigorous, healthy, moderately productive; fruit large, oblong, pointed, red; clingstone; early.

=Wilmeth Late.= Species? =1.= _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:490. 1894.

Noticed in the preceding reference as on trial.

=Wilson.= Americana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:64. 1897.

Noted in the preceding reference as a very early fine plum.

=Wine Plum.= Domestica. =1.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 237. 1817. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:101. 1832.

Much like the Yellow Egg in appearance but smaller, oblong, pale green; stem long; flesh rich, juicy and well flavored; early.

=Winesour.= Insititia. =1.= Forsyth _Treat. Fr. Trees_ 21. 1803. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:101. 1832. =3.= Floy-Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 294, 383. 1846. =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:17. 1873. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 453. 1889. =6.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 367. 1895.

_Rotherham_ 3, 5, 6. _Sauere Weinpflaume_ 4. _Sauere Wein Pflaume Von Yorkshire_ 5, 6. _Sour Wine Plum of Yorkshire_ 5, 6. _Vineuse acidule_ 4, 5. Vineuse-Acidule 6. _Vinisour_ 6. Weinsauerliche Pflaume 5. Weinsauerliche Zwetsche 4, 6. _Winesour_ 6. _Winesour Plum_ 5. _Yorkshire Winesour_ 5, 6.

An old English variety from Rotherham in Yorkshire, where it is highly esteemed for making preserves. Fruit of the Damson type, small, oval; stem one-half inch long; dark purple; dots dark colored; flesh greenish-yellow, sometimes tinged with red towards the stone, sour; stone long, slender, pointed, clinging; late.

=Winnebago.= Americana. =1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 286. 1887. =2.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:64. 1897. =3.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:47. 1898.

From Minnesota; tree vigorous, rigid and thorny, moderately productive; fruit medium in size, round, irregular; stem long, slender; cavity deep; yellow overspread with deep red; skin thin; flesh yellowish, soft, of inferior flavor; stone elliptical, somewhat oblique, rather flat, rounded at both ends, clinging; mid-season.

=Winter Creke.= Domestica. =1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 576. 1629.

Noted by Parkinson as very late.

=Winter Damson.= Insititia. =1.= _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 146. 1831. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:89. 1832. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 297. 1845. =4.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 244. 1857. =5.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =2=:145. 1873.

_Black Damson_ 3. _Blue Damson_ 2. _Blue Damascene_ 2. _Common Blue Damson_ 2. _Common Damson_ 3. Damas d’Hiver 5. _Damson_ 2. Damson 2, 3. Damson Winter 4. _Early Damson_ 3. _Late Damson_ 2. Late Purple Damson 2. _Purple Damson_ 3. _Purple Winter Damson_ 2. _Winter Damson_ 2, 5.

Mas thought that this variety originated in America, but since it was first noted in England it is probably an importation to the New World from that country. Downing distinguished it from the common Damson by its extreme lateness. Tree medium in size; fruit roundish, small; suture a line; purplish-black; bloom thick; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, acid, with a slight astringency; good for preserving; clingstone.

=Wiseman.= Domestica. Mentioned in Wild Bros. _Cat._ 1908.

Wiseman’s Prune.

=Wohanka.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ 108. 1908.

A hybrid between De Soto and Red June grown by Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station who considers it worthy of trial.

=Wolf and Japan.= Triflora × Americana mollis. =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 424. 1905.

Listed with a number of plums which were tested by H. T. Thompson, Marengo, Illinois.

=Wolf Clingstone.= Americana mollis. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:18. 1901. =2.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =93=:13. 1905.

Clingstone Wolf. Wolf Cling 1.

Propagated and sent out in many cases as the true Wolf which it much resembles except that it is darker in color and is a clingstone. It seems to be more resistant to diseases and insects than Wolf.

=Woolston.= Domestica. =1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:53. 1855. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =13=:168. 1858. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:153, fig. 77. 1866-73. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889. =5.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 433. 1905.

Reine-Claude de Woolston 5. Reine-Claude Noire de Woolston 3. _Woolston Black_ 4. Woolston Black Gage 1. Woolston Gage 2. _Woolston’s Black Gage_ 3, 4. Woolston’s Violette Reine-Claude 4.

Raised by a Mr. Dowling of Southampton, England. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish, purplish-black; suture not pronounced; cavity deep and wide; stem medium in length, slender; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, sugary, tender, aromatic; very good; freestone; mid-season.

=Wooster.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:65. 1897.

Mentioned in the preceding reference as not being hardy in Minnesota.

=Wooten.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:65. 1892. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 492. 1897. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 191. 1901.

Wootton 2.

Wooten was found growing wild in Burnet County, Texas, in 1876, by F. T. Ramsey; introduced by A. N. Ramsey & Son. Fruit oval; cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bright red; bloom thin; flesh yellow; quality good; stone large, clinging; mid-season.

=Worth.= Americana. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 7. 1902-3.

Originated by Theodore Williams of Nebraska; named and introduced by J. W. Kerr in 1902. Tree vigorous, healthy and productive; fruit large, round-oblong, purplish-red on a greenish-yellow ground; semi-clinging; mid-season.

=Wragg.= Americana. =1.= Meneray _Cat._

A seedling of Hawkeye grown by H. A. Terry; introduced by F. W. Meneray, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive; fruit very large, yellow blotched with dark red; flesh yellow, firm, rich; good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Wragg Freestone.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =87=:18. 1901.

Received by the Wisconsin Experiment Station from Edson Gaylord, Nora Springs, Iowa. Fruit medium to small, roundish, dark purplish-red with numerous elongated yellowish markings; bloom heavy; stem long, slender; skin tender, not harsh; flesh greenish-yellow, crisp, very rich but harsh near the center; stone round, grooved, semi-clinging.

=Wunder von New York.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 454. 1889.

_Merville de New York._

=Wyandotte.= Species? =1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 290. 1889.

Professor Budd of Iowa mentioned this plum as hardy and as bearing continuously.

=Wyant and Japan.= Triflora × Americana. =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 420. 1905.

Mentioned in a list of varieties under test by H. T. Thompson, Marengo, Illinois. Said to be a hybrid seedling; fruit light red; fair quality; freestone; mid-season.

=Wyckoff.= Munsoniana. =1.= _Linn County Nur. Cat._

Wyckoff was found growing wild along the Cedar River, Iowa, by a Mr. Wyckoff; introduced by Snyder Brothers, Center Point, Iowa.

=Wyedale.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 732. 1884. =2.= _Garden_ =58=:395. 1900. =3.= Thompson _Gard. Ass’t_ =4=:159. 1901.

From Yorkshire, England; much grown in the northern parts of England. Tree very productive, strong and upright in growth; fruit small, oval; cavity small; dark purple, almost black; flesh greenish-yellow, brisk, juicy, agreeably flavored; clingstone; late.

=Wyzerka.= Domestica. =1.= _Kan. Sta. Bul._ =73=:191. 1897. =2.= _Ibid._ =101=:121, Pl. 6 fig. 1. 1901. =3.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ 328. 1903.

Wiezerka 1, 2.

Wyzerka is one of the numerous Russian varieties imported by J. L. Budd of the Iowa Experiment Station. There seems to have been some confusion in the distribution of this plum, for Budd and Hansen, in reference three, describe Wyzerka as a large, oval, yellow plum with a fine peach-like flavor; the variety sent to this Station under this name bears a small, purplish-black, Damson-like fruit, long-oval in form, cavity shallow; suture a line; skin thin; bloom very heavy; flesh yellow, juicy, slightly fibrous, sweet, mild; flavor good; stone oval, small, free; mid-season.

=Yates.= Triflora × Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =67=:22. 1898. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:275. 1901.

From seed of Kelsey thought to have been pollinated with Lone Star; originated with D. H. Watson, Brenham, Texas; introduced by W. A. Yates, 1897. Tree thrifty, healthy; fruit large, roundish, red when fully ripe; clingstone; mid-season.

=Yellow Americana.= Species? Letter from Kerr.

Originated by Theodore Williams, Benson, Nebraska.

=Yellow Egg.= Species? =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:66. 1897.

Goff mentions a variety under this name which differs from the older plum of the same name. Tree of weeping habit, productive; fruit long; freestone.

=Yellow, 43 Fischer.= Domestica. =1.= Bailey _Ann. Hort._ 18. 1889.

Introduced into this country from Russia by Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa.

=Yellow Impératrice.= Domestica. =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ 55, Pl. 1853. =2.= _Pom. France_ =7=: No. 11. 1871. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:113, fig. 1866-73. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 732. 1884. =5.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 431. 1889. =6.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 461. 1906.

_Altesse Blanche_ 4, 5. _D’Altesse Blanche_ 6. _De Monsieur Jaune_ 3. Gelbe Herrn Pflaume 5. _Impératrice Jaune_ 3, ?5. Jaune de Monsieur 2. _Jaune de Monsieur_ 5, 6. _Monsieur à Fruits Jaune_ 4, 5. Monsieur à Fruits Jaunes 3. _Monsieur à Fruits Jaunes_ 5, 6. Monsieur Jaune 6. _Prune de Monsieur Jaune_ 5. Prune de Monsieur Jaune 1. _Prune de Monsieur, Varietè Jaune_ 5. _Prune Monsieur Jaune_ 2. _Prune d’Altesse Blanche_ 2, 5. _Virginale Blanche_ 4, ?5. _Yellow Impératrice_ ?3, 5.

M. Jacquin, nurseryman of Paris, France, obtained this plum from seed of a cross between the Orleans and the Reine Claude planted about 1820; brought to notice in 1845. Mas considered Hogg’s and Downing’s Yellow Impératrice as different from the French variety. Tree medium in vigor; fruit medium in size, usually roundish-oval; suture broad; halves unequal; skin not adhering, golden-yellow, dotted and streaked with carmine-red; flesh yellow, juicy, very sweet and aromatic; freestone; mid-season.

=Yellow Imperial.= Domestica. =1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:59. 1832.

_Imperial jaune_ 1. Impériale jaune 1.

Described by Prince as distinct from Yellow Egg which it much resembles but differing in that it is somewhat smaller, about two weeks earlier and slightly more acid.

=Yellow Jack.= Domestica. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 154. 1831.

=Yellow Jerusalem.= Domestica. =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 732. 1884. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 436. 1889.

Jahns Gelbe Jerusalems Pflaume 2. _Jahn’s Jerusalems Pflaume_ 2. _Jerusalem Jaune_ 1, 2. _Jahn’s Gelbe Jerusalems-pflaume_ 1. _Yellow Jerusalem_ 2.

Fruit of medium size, roundish-oval; suture a line; cavity deep; deep yellow with crimson specks next the sun; flesh yellow, with white veins, tender, juicy, brisk, sweet, very good; clingstone; mid-season.

=Yellow Magnum Bonum.= Domestica. =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =17=:228. 1869.

According to the preceding reference this variety is distinct from the Yellow Egg (White Magnum Bonum). Fruit medium in size, oval, dull yellow sprinkled with red dots; rich; clingstone; young shoots smooth.

=Yellow Nagate.= Triflora. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 106. 1891. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farm Bul._ 2nd Ser. =3=:57. 1900.

A little known Triflora very closely resembling if not identical with some of the standard yellow Trifloras.

=Yellow Oregon.= Hortulana. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:66. 1897. =2.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:287. 1898.

Described by Waugh from specimens received by him from B. A. Matthews, Iowa. Fruit small, nearly spherical; suture a faint line; bright golden-yellow; dots many, whitish; skin thick and strong; flesh yellow and not very firm; quality medium; stone large, smooth, clinging; inferior in size and quality to Captain or Cumberland.

=Yellow Panhandle.= Angustifolia watsoni. =1.= _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:66. 1897. =2.= Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 222, 223. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 234. 1901. =4.= _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =67=:285. 1904.

A variety from the Panhandle of Texas; introduced by F. T. Ramsey of Austin, Texas. Tree forms a close symmetrical head; fruit small, roundish-oblong, yellow overspread with clear bright red; dots few, indistinct; skin tough; flesh yellow, hard; quality poor; stone medium, oval, turgid, clinging.

=Yellow Roman Bullace.= Insititia. Mentioned in _Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat._ 144. 1831.

=Yellow Sweet.= Americana. =1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:46. 1892. =2.= _Colo. Sta. Bul._ =50=:47. 1898. =3.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 168. 1901.

Thought to have originated in Minnesota. Tree small; fruit large, round inclining to oblong; suture distinct; stem short and stout; yellow more or less mottled and shaded with red; bloom thin; flesh firm, juicy, rich, sweet; good; stone round, flat, clinging.

=Yellow Transparent.= Angustifolia varians. =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 162. 1881. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 25. 1897. =3.= _Ohio Sta. Bul._ =113=:156. 1899. =4.= Waugh _Plum Cult._ 200. 1901.

_Transparent_ 4 incor. _Transparent Yellow_ 2.

Selected from a seedling orchard of two thousand trees planted near Denison, Texas, by J. L. Freeman. Tree vigorous, forming a handsome top, productive; fruit medium in size, oblong, bright yellow; skin thin and tough, reported to crack badly in some localities; flesh soft and watery, sweet and good; clingstone; early.

=Yellow Wildgoose.= Munsoniana? =1.= Van Lindley _Cat._ 42. 1899.

Said to have been introduced by R. Bates of Jackson, South Carolina. Fruit large, equal in size to Wild Goose with better quality; ripens at the same time.

=Yellow Yosemite.= Species? =1.= _Gard. Mon._ =20=:176. 1878. =2.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:52, 55. 1895.

Yosemite 1. Yosemite Yellow 2.

Yellow Yosemite came from the “Rocky Mountains” about 1870 with the Purple Yosemite; introduced by W. S. Carpenter, Rye, New York. Fruit roundish; suture a line; skin thick, tough, yellow, with reddish tinge; flesh yellow, sweet, tender; stone roundish-ovate, clinging; mid-season.

=Yohe.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 954. 1869.

Yohes Eagle 1.

Noticed by Downing who says it is an accidental seedling in the garden of Caleb Yohe, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

=York State Prune.= Domestica. =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 504, 505. 1897. =2.= Greene _Cat._ 1897. =3.= Sweet _Cat._ 13. 1897. =4.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ =44=:92. 1899.

Large German Prune 3. _York State Prune_ 3.

A seedling grown near Dansville, New York. As tested at this Station and by many fruit-growers it is identical with Italian Prune.

=Young.= Domestica. =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 955. 1869.

_Young’s Seedling_ 1.

From Pennsylvania. Tree vigorous; fruit medium in size, roundish-oval, deep reddish-purple; flesh yellow, sweet; good; freestone; mid-season.

=Yukon.= Nigra? =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 426. 1900.

A seedling grown at Indian Head Experimental Farm, Canada. Fruit of medium size, red; skin thick; good; early.

=Yuteca.= Species? =1.= _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

_South Dakota No. 8_ 1.

A very early ripening seedling of some native plum grown by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station; sent out in 1907.

=Zahlbruckner Damascene.= Species? Mentioned in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889.

_Zahlbruckner’s Violette Damascene._

=Zekanta.= Species? =1.= _Cir. S. Dak. Exp. Sta._ 1910.

A large yellow seedling of some native plum grown and introduced by N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station.

=Zucchetta Gialla.= Species? Listed in Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889.

=Zulu.= Species? =1.= _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:230. 1899.

Grown by Luther Burbank who says in regard to its parentage “It is a mystery, being three or four generations from innumerable crosses, and resembles no other known species or variety.” Fruit medium in size, round or somewhat oblate; suture shallow; cavity broad, open; stem short, strong; very dark dull red, almost black; dots many, minute, whitish; bloom thick; skin thin and tender; flesh firm, juicy, red, rich and sweet; quality good to best; stone medium large, rounded, only slightly flattened, clinging.

=Zuzac.= Domestica. =1.= Kerr _Cat._ 25. 1897.

Similar in appearance to Townsend.

=Zwergpflaume.= Domestica. =1.= Kraft _Pom. Aust._ =2=:35, Tab. 183 fig. 2. 1796.

Die kleine Zwergpflaume 1. _Prune nain_ 1.

Tree low; leaves lance-shaped, short-stemmed; flowers small, fragrant; petals long, not widely opened; fruit hanging on a long stem, the size and appearance of a cherry except that it is more elongated; pleasant; sometimes sourish and flat.

=Zwetsche Professor Wittmack.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889.

Referenced by Mathieu from _Garten-flora_ 142. 1888.

=Zwetsche Von der Worms.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 455. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 163, 368. 1895.

_Grosse Blaue Zwetsche Von der Worms_ 1, 2. _Quetsche Grosse Blaue de la Worms_ 1, 2.

Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, oval, bluish-black; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, firm; mid-season.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES, WITH ABBREVIATIONS USED.

In this list it is hoped that there will be found all horticultural books in America dealing with the plum. No attempt has been made to include botanical works. Only such European books are recorded as were found useful in preparing the volume. All the agricultural and horticultural periodicals to which references are to be found in the preceding pages are given, but no more. The reports and bulletins of experiment stations and horticultural societies are not included since the abbreviations used for such publications are readily recognized. The date of copyright has been preferred to that of publication though sometimes it has been necessary to use the latter, as when there were several editions from the same copyright.

Abercrombie, Gard. Ass’t

The Gardeners Daily Assistant. By John Abercrombie. London: 1786.

Am. Gard.

American Gardening. New York: 1892-1904. (Before its union with Popular Gardening in 1892, was known as American Garden. Both Popular Gardening and American Garden resulted from the union or absorption of several other horticultural periodicals.)

Am. Gard. Mag.

American Gardener’s Magazine. See Mag. Hort.

Am. Hort. An.

American Horticultural Annual. A Year Book of Horticultural Progress, etc., under the general editorial care of Dr. George Thurber. New York: 1867-1871.

Am. Jour. Hort.

The American Journal of Horticulture and Florist’s Companion. Boston: 1867-1869. Continued as Tilton’s Journal of Horticulture and Floral Magazine, 1869-1871.

Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.

American Pomological Society Report. Issued usually biennially from 1852 to date.

Ann. Hort.

Annals of Horticulture and yearbook of information on practical gardening. London: 1846-50. 5 vols.

Ann. Pom. Belge

Annales de Pomologie Belge et Étrangère; publiées par la Commission royale de Pomologie, instituée par S. M. le Roi des Belges. 8 vols. Bruxelles: 1853-1860.

Bailey, Ann. Hort.

Annals of Horticulture in North America. A record of Horticultural Progress, appearing annually from 1889-1893. By L. H. Bailey. New York.

Bailey, Cyc. Hort.

Cyclopedia of American Horticulture. By L. H. Bailey, assisted by Wilhelm Miller. In Four Volumes. New York: 1900.

Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits

A sketch of the Evolution of Our Native Fruits. By L. H. Bailey. New York: 1898.

Bailey, Sur. Unlike

The Survival of The Unlike. By L. H. Bailey. New York: 1906.

Baltet, Cult. Fr.

Traité de la Culture Fruitière Commerciale et Bourgeoise. Par Charles Baltet. Quatrième Édition. Paris: 1908.

Barry, Fr. Garden

The Fruit Garden. By P. Barry. New York: 1851. Revised edition, 1883.

Bartrum, Pears & Plums

The Book of Pears and Plums. By E. Bartrum. London and New York: 1903. Being Volume XI of Handbooks of Practical Gardening, edited by Harry Roberts.

Bradley, Gard.

New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical. In three parts. By Richard Bradley. Seventh edition, London: 1739.

Bridgeman, Gard. Ass’t

The Young Gardener’s Assistant. Three parts. By Thomas Bridgeman. New York: 1857.

Brookshaw, Pom. Brit.

Pomona Brittanica or a collection of the Most Esteemed Fruits at Present cultivated in Great Britain. By George Brookshaw. London: 1817.

Budd-Hansen, Am. Hort. Man.

American Horticultural Manual, etc. By J. L. Budd and N. E. Hansen. In 2 vols; vol. 2. New York and London: 1903.

Cal. Fr. Grower

The California Fruit-Grower. San Francisco: 1888 to date.

Can. Hort.

Canadian Horticulturist. Toronto: 1878 to date.

Cat. Cong. Pom. France

Société Pomologique de France. Catalogue descriptif des fruits adoptés par le Congrès pomologique. Lyon: 1887. Ibid.: 1906.

Cole, Am. Fr. Book

The American Fruit Book. By S. W. Cole. Boston: 1849.

Country Gent.

Country Gentleman. Albany: 1853-1865. The Cultivator and Country Gentleman. Albany: 1866-1897. The Country Gentleman. Albany: 1898 to date.

Coxe, Cult. Fr. Trees

A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees. By William Coxe. Philadelphia: 1817.

Cultivator

Albany: 1834-1865. In 1866 united with the Country Gentleman.

Decaisne & Naudin, Man. Am. des Jard.

Manuel de L’Amateur des Jardins. By Jh. Decaisne and Ch. Naudin. Tome quatrième. Paris.

De Candolle, Or. Cult. Plants

Origin of Cultivated Plants. By Alphonse De Candolle. Geneva [Switzerland]: 1882. New York: 1885.

Downing, Fr. Trees. Am.

The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. By A. J. Downing. New York and London: 1845. Second edition, same text, with colored plates, 1847. First revision, by Charles Downing. New York: 1857. Second revision, by Charles Downing. New York: 1869. First appendix, 1872. Second appendix, 1876. Third appendix, 1881.

Duhamel, Trait. Arb. Fr.

Traité des Arbres Fruitiers. Par M. Duhamel du Monceau. Tomes 1 et 2. Paris: 1768. Edition publie en 1782 en trois tomes. Nouvelle Edition en six tomes, 1807-1835.

Elliott, Fr. Book

Elliott’s Fruit Book: or the American Fruit-Growers’ Guide. By F. R. Elliott. New York: 1854. Revised edition, 1859.

Fish, Hardy-Fr. Bk.

The Hardy-Fruit Book. By D. T. Fish. Two volumes. London: probably 1882.

Flor. & Pom.

The Florist and Pomologist. A Pictorial Monthly Magazine of Flowers, Fruits and General Horticulture. Conducted at first by Robert Hogg and John Spencer, later by Thomas Moore and William Paul. London: 1862-84.

Floy-Lindley, Guide Orch. Gard.

A Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden. By George Lindley; edited by John Lindley. American edition by Michael Floy. New York: 1833. New edition with an appendix, 1846.

Forsyth, Treat. Fr. Trees

A Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees. By William Forsyth. London: 1802. Same with Introduction and Notes, by William Cobbett. Albany: 1803. Seventh edition [English] London: 1824.

Gallesio, Pom. Ital.

Pomona Italiana Ossia Trattato Degli Alberi Fruttiferi Di Giorgio Gallesio. Tomo Secondo. Pisa: 1839. Volume 2 includes two large books, Testo 2, which contains the fruit descriptions and Tavole 2, which contains the plates.

Gard. and For.

Garden and Forest. Charles S. Sargent, editor. New York: 1888-1897.

Gard. Chron.

Gardeners’ Chronicle, etc. London: 1841 to date.

Garden

Garden. London: 1872 to date.

Gardening

Gardening. Chicago: 1893 to date.

Gard. Mon.

Gardener’s Monthly, etc. Thomas Meehan, editor. Philadelphia: 1859-1887.

Gard. World

Gardening World, illustrated. A weekly paper exclusively devoted to all the branches of practical gardening. London: 1884-1909. In Vol. 20, 1903, the title was changed to The Gardening World, an illustrated journal for country gentlemen and professional gardeners. The editor from May, 1895, has been John Fraser; previously the editor had been Brian Wynne, but in the earlier years the editor’s name is not given.

Gaucher, Pom. Prak. Obst.

Pomologie der Praktischen Obstbaumzüchters. Von N. Gaucher. Stuttgart: 1894.

Gen. Farmer

Genesee Farmer. Edited by Luther Tucker. Rochester: 1831-1839. Then consolidated with the Cultivator. Another periodical of the same name was published in Rochester from 1845 to 1865. Also New Genesee Farmer and Monthly Genesee Farmer.

Gerard, Herball

The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. By John Gerard. Enlarged and amended by Thomas Johnson. London: 1636.

Goodrich, N. Fr. Cult.

The Northern Fruit Culturist, or Farmers’ Guide. By Chauncey Goodrich. Burlington, Vt.: 1849.

Guide Prat.

Guide Pratique de L’Amateur de Fruits. Description et Culture des Variétés de Fruits Classées Par Séries de Mérite. Composant les Collections Pomologiques de L’Établissement Horticole Simon-Louis Frères. A Plantières-lès-Metz. (Lorraine Annexée) Deuxième Édition. Revue et Corrigée par les Chefs de Culture de L’Établissement. Paris and Nancy: 1895.

Hoffy, N. Am. Pom.

Hoffy’s North American Pomologist. Edited by William D. Brinckle. Book No. 1. Philadelphia: 1860.

Hoffy, Orch. Com.

Hoffy’s Orchardist’s Companion or Fruits of the United States. A quarterly journal. Vol. 1, 1841-2, Vol. 2, 1842-3. Alfred Hoffy, Editor and Publisher. Philadelphia.

Hogg, Fruit Man.

The Fruit Manual. By Robert Hogg. First edition, London: 1860. Second edition, 1861. Third edition, 1866. Fourth edition, 1873. Fifth edition, 1884.

Hooper, W. Fr. Book

Hooper’s Western Fruit Book. By E. J. Hooper. Cincinnati: 1857.

Horticulturist

The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste. Albany, Philadelphia and New York: 1846-1875. Founded by A. J. Downing. Other editors were Barry, Smith, Mead, Williams and the Woodwards.

Hovey, Fr. Am.

The Fruits of America. Two Volumes. C. M. Hovey. Boston: 1851.

Jour. Hort.

Journal of Horticulture began as: The Cottage Gardener; or Amateurs’ and Cottagers’ guide to out-door gardening and spade cultivation. London: 1849-1861. 25 vols. (Edited Vols. 1-13 by G. W. Johnson, vols. 14-25 by G. W. Johnson and R. Hogg.) Continued as The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener and Country Gentleman.... New Series. London: 1861-1880. 38 vols. (edited by G. W. Johnson and R. Hogg)—continued under the same title as ... Third Series. London: 1880-1909. 59 vols. (edited by R. Hogg).

Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc.

Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. London: 1846 to date. Vols. 1-9; 1846-55, bear the title of Journal of the Horticultural Society of London.

Kenrick, Am. Orch.

The New American Orchardist. By Wilham Kenrick. Boston: 1832. Second edition revised, 1835. Seventh edition, enlarged and improved, with a supplement, 1844.

Knoop, Fructologie

## Part I. Pomologie ou Description Meilleures Sortes de Pommes

et de Poires. Part II. Fructologie ou Description des Arbres Fruitiers. Par Jean Herman Knoop. Amsterdam: 1771.

Koch, Deut. Obst.

Die Deutschen Obstgeholze. By Karl Koch. Two Parts. Stuttgart: 1876.

Kraft, Pom. Aust.

Pomona Austriaca. Abhandlung von dem Obstbaumen. By Johann Kraft. Wein: 1792.

Lange, Allgem. Garten.

Allgemeines Gartenbuch. By Theodore Lange. Two Volumes. Second Edition, Leipsic: 1879.

Langley, Pomona

Pomona; or the Fruit Garden Illustrated. By Batty Langley. London: 1729.

Lauche, Deut. Pom.

Deutsche Pomologie. Von W. Lauche. Berlin: 1882.

Le Bon Jard.

Le Bon Jardinier. 126th Edition Almanach Horticole, 1882 and the 129th Edition, 1884. Paris.

Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat.

A Catalogue of the Fruits Cultivated in the Garden of the Horticultural Society of London. London: 1826. Second edition, 1831. Third edition, 1842. A supplement was published in 1853.

London, Arb. Frut. Brit.

Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum. By J. C. Loudon. Second Edition, Volume 2. London: 1844.

Loudons Enc. Gard.

An Encyclopedia of Gardening, etc. By J. C. Loudon. New edition. London: 1834.

Lucas, Vollst. Hand. Obst.

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Book of Fruits. By Robert Manning. Salem: 1838. Second edition with title, New England Fruit Book. Revised by John M. Ives. Salem: 1844.

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INDEX.

(Names of varieties in this index, if accepted names, appear in Roman type; if synonyms, in italics.)

Abbaye d’Arton, 391

_Abricot Blanc_, _Blanche_, de France; Abricot ordinaire; _Abricote_; _Abricotée_; _Abricotée Blanc_, _Blanche_, _de Tours_, _Perdrigon_ (Syns. of Apricot), 148

_Abricot de Guthrie_ (syn. of Guthrie Apricot), 457

Abricotée de Braunau, 391

_Abricotée de Braunau_ (syn. of Abricotée de Braunau), 391

_Abricotée de Braunau Nouvelle_ (syn. of Liegel Apricot), 484

Abricotée de Lange, 391

Abricotée de Liegel (syn. of Liegel Apricot), 484

_Abricotée de Royer_ (syn. of Royer Aprikosen Pflaume), 535

Abricotée de Trauttenberg, 391

_Abricotée de Trauttenberg_ (syn. of Abricotée de Trauttenberg), 391

_Abricote Hâtif_; _Abricotée Hâtive_, or _Précoce_ (syns. of Early Apricot), 437

_Abricotée Nouvelle de Dörell_ (syn. of Dorell Aprikosenpflaume), 434

_Abricot_, _Abricote_ or _Abricotée Rouge_ (syns. of Red Apricot), 321

_Abricotée Rouge de Trauttenberg_ (syn. of Abricotée de Trauttenberg), 391

Abricotée Sageret (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Abricot Princesse, 391

_Abricot Verd_ or _Vert_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Abundance, 136

_Abundance_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

Adair, D. L., var. orig. by, 292

Admirable, 391

Admiral, 391

Admiral Rigny or de Rigny (syn. of Rigny), 532

Admiral Dewey (syn. of Dewey), 432

Admiral Schley, 391

Advance, 392

_Aechte Gelbe Eierpflaume_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_A Fleur Double_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

African, 392

Agen, 138

Agen Date or Prune; _Agen Datte_; _Agener Kaiserzwetsche_ or _Pflaume_ (syns. of Agen), 138

Aitken (syn. of Aitkin), 140

Aitkin, 140

_Ak Erik_ (syn. of Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene), 432

Alabama, 392

Albany Beauty, 392

Alberta, 393

_Albert’s Damascene_; _Albertus Damen Pflaume_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Alderton_ (syn. of Victoria), 363

_Alderton_ (syn. of Sharp), 340

_Al Erik_ (syn. of Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene), 432

Alexander, 393

_Alexander’s Late_ (syn. of Alexander), 393

Alhambra, 141

Alibuchari, 393

Alice, 393

Allen, 393

Allfruit, 393

Allie, 393

Aloe, 393

_Aloise’s Green Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Alois Reine-Claude, 393

_Alois’ Reine Claude_ (syn. of Alois Reine Claude), 393

Aloo Bokhara, 393

Alpha, 393

Alpha-Americana, 394

_Altesse_ (syn. of Suisse), 549

_Altesse Blanche?_ (syn. of White Virginal), 565

_Altesse Blanche_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

_Altesse Double_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

_Altesse du Roi_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

_Altesse ordinaire_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Althahn’s Rote Reine-Claude_; _Althan’s_ or _Althann’s Reine Claude_ (syns. of Altham), 141

Altham, 141

_Amalia Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

Amaryllis, 394

Amber, 394

Amber Primordian, 394

_Amber Primordian_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Ambre de Provence_ (syn. of Bernsteinzwetsche), 402

Ambre Tardif, 394

_Ambrée Tardive_ (syn. of Ambre Tardif), 394

Amelie Blanche, 394

Amelie Noire, 394

Ameliorée, 394

America, 142

American, 143

American Cherry Plum (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_American Damson_ (syn. of Frost Gage), 216

American Eagle, 144

American Golden, 394

American Magnum Bonum, 394

American Prune, 394

_American Prune_ (syn. of Dawson), 186

American Seedling (syn. of American), 143

American Violet, 394

American Wheat, 395

_American Wheat_ (syn. of American Wheat), 395

_American Yellow Gage_; American Yellow Gage (syns. of Yellow Gage), 388

_Amiral de Rigny_ (syn. of Rigny), 532

Ames, 144

_Ananas Zwetsche_ (syn. of Petite Quetsche Sucrée), 515

_Ananas Zwetsche_ (incor.) (syn. of Large Sugar Prune), 480

Ancient City, 395

Anderson, 395

_Anderson’s Early Red_ (syn. of Anderson), 395

Angelina Burdett, 395

_Anglaise Noire_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

_Anglesio_ (syn. of Washington), 368

_Angloise Noire_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

Angouleme, 395

Anna, 395

_Anna Lawson_ (syn. of Lawson), 482

Anna Maria, 395

_Anna Spaeth_ (syn. of Anna Spath), 395

Anna Spath, 395

Annual Bearer, 395

Apple, 396

Apple, 146

Apple Plum (syn. of Apple), 396

Apricock Plum, Apricocke, _Apricot_, _Apricot Plum_, _Apricot Plum of Tours_ (syns. of Apricot), 148

Apricot, 147

_Apricot_ (syn. of Duane), 196

Apricot, 396

_Apricot Plum_ (syn. of Peach), 309

_Apricot Plum_ (syn. of Simon), 346

Apricot Plum (syn. of Red Apricot), 321

Aprikosenartige Mirabelle, 396

_Aprikosenartige Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Aprikosenartige Pflaume_ or _Aprikosen Perdrigon_ (syns. of Apricot), 148

Arab, 396

Arab No. 1 (syn. of Black Prune), 404

_Arab No. 2_ (syn. of Nicholas), 295

_Arabische Kirsche_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Arch Duke, 148

Arctic, 150

Arctic, 396

Arkansas, 152

_Arkansas Lombard_ (syn. of Arkansas), 152

Arris, John, var. orig. by, 339

Ashes Seedling, 396

Ashridge Black, 396

_Asiatische Kirsche_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Askew’s Golden_ or _Golden Egg_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Askew’s Purple Egg_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Assiniboia, 396

Aston, 396

Aston Green Gage, 396

Atkins, 396

A-248, 397

Aubert, 397

_Aubertiana_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Auburn, 397

Auchtertyre, 397

August, 397

_Auguste Zwetsche_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Augustine, A. M., var. orig. by, 475

_August Pflaume_ (syn. of Damson), 186

_August Red_ (syn. of August), 397

August Zwetsche, 397

_August Zwetsche_ (syn. of Wahre Frühzwetsche), 560

_August Zwetsche_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Aunt Ann, 397

_Aunt Ann_ (syn. of Aunt Ann), 397

Aurora, 397

_Auserlesene Gelbe Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Yellow Gage), 388

_Auserlesene Rote Reine-Claude_ or _rothe Reineclaude_ (syn. of Red Gage), 527

Austrian Quetsche, 397

Automne de Schamali (syn. of Schamal), 540

_Autriche Violette_ (Pr. d.) (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Autumn Beauty_ (syn. of Belle), 158

_Autumn Compote_ (syn. of Autumn Compote), 153

Autumn Compote, 153

_Autumn Gage_ (syn. of Autumn Gage), 398

Autumn Gage, 397

_Avant Prune blanche_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Azure, 398

_Azure Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Blue), 438

_Babcock_ (?) (syn. of Abundance), 136

_Babcock_ (syn. of Chabot), 172

_Backpflaume_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Bailey, 398

_Bailey_ (syn. of Chabot), 172

_Bailey_ (syn. of Lyon), 488

Bailey, Liberty Hyde, plum investigations of, 64; quoted, 63, 65, 99, 541

Baker, 398

Baker, var. orig. by, 398

_Baker_ (syn. of Stoddard), 352

Baker Damson (syn. of Baker), 398

_Baker’s German Prune_ (syn. of Baker), 398

Baldwin, 398

_Bal Erik_ (syn. of Nikitaer Blaue Frühzwetsche), 504

Ballonartige Gelbe Zwetsche, 398

Ballonartige Rote Damascene, 398

Baltet, M. M., var. orig. by, 551

_Bamberger Eier Pflaume_ (syn. of Blue Egg), 405

_Bamberger Eier Pflaume_ (incor.) (syn. of Kaiser Wilhelm), 474

Bankalari Früh Damascene, 398

_Bankalari’s Rote Früh Damascene_ (syn. of Bankalari Früh Damascene), 398

Banker’s Gage, 399

Bant Späte Reine Claude, 399

_Bant’s Late Green Gage_ (syn. of Bant Späte Reine Claude), 399

Baraboo, 399

Barbary, 399

_Barberry_ (syn. of Barbary), 399

_Bardak Erik_ (syn. of Nikitaer Dattelzwetsche), 504

Barkhausen Violette Reine Claude, 399

Barkley, 399

Barnsback, 399

_Barnsbeck_ (syn. of Barnsback), 399

Baronne Helen Trauttenberg, 399

Barry, quoted, 167

Bartlett, 154

_Bartlett_ (syn. of Oren), 300

Basaricatta, 399

_Basilic_ (syn. of Hungarian Musk Prune), 465

Bassett, 155

_Bassett’s American_ (syn. of Bassett), 155

Bastle, 399

Batchelor Damson, 399

_Battle Monument_ (syn. of Blue Perdrigon), 164

_Bauern Pflaume_ (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451

_Bauernpflaume_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Bavay, 155

Bavay’s Early Gage or _Bavay’s Frühe Reine-Claude_ (syns. of July Green Gage), 474

_Bavay’s Green Gage_, Reine Claude or _renkloie_; _Bavays Reine-Claude_ (syns. of Bavay), 155

Bazalicza, 399

Bazalicza Damson or _Zwetsche_; _Bazalicza’s Grosse Blaue Zwetsche_ or Prune (syns. of Bazalicza), 399

Beach Plum, 400

Beals, 400

Beals, George F., var. orig. by, 400

Bean, 400

_Beatty_ (syn. of Aitkin), 140

Beatty, James, var. orig. by, 396

Beaty, 400

Beaty, Lee, var. orig. by, 400

Beaty Choice; _Beaty’s Choice_; Beauty, Beauty’s Choice (syn. of Beaty), 400

Beauty of Naples (syn. of Naples), 502

Bechstein Spitzpflaume, 400

Bedford, 400

_Beef’s Heart_ (syn. of Coeur de Boeuf), 420

_Beekman’s Scarlet_ (syn. of Lombard), 268

Beer Plum, 400

Behren’s Königspflaume; _Behrens Königspflaume_ (syns. of Royale de Behrens), 535

Béjonnières, 157

Belgarian Prune (syn. of Bulgarian), 411

Belgian Purple, 157

_Belgian Purple_ (syn. of Belgian Purple), 157

_Belgische Damascene_ (syn. of Belgian Purple), 157

Bell, 400

Bell, Levi, var. orig. by, 539

Belle, 158

_Belle_ (syn. of Texas Belle), 552

_Belle d’Albany_ (syn. of Albany Beauty), 392

_Belle de Doue_ (syn. of Chauviere), 417

Belle de Hardy, 400

Belle de Louvain, 400

Belle de Paris, 401

Belle de Riom, 401

Belle de Schöneberg, 401

_Belle de Schöneberg_ (syn. of Belle de Schöneberg), 401

_Belle de Septembre_ (syn. of Belle), 158

_Belle Tillemond_ (syn. of Tillemond), 554

_Bell’s October_ (syn. of Bell), 400

Belsiana, 401

Belvoir, 401

_Bely Zwetsche_ (syn. of Large Sugar Prune), 480

Bender, 401

Benedict, 401

Beni Botan, 401

Beni-Smono No. 3 (syn. of Blood Plum), 405

Beni Smono No. 4 (syn. of Satsuma), 337

Benschoten, 401

Benson, 401

Benson Market (syn. of Benson), 401

Berckmans, 159

Berckmans, P. J., life of, 159-160; var. orig. by, 159

Berger, 160

Berlepsch, 402

Berlepsch’s Grosse Grüne Reine-Claude (syn. of Berlepsch), 402

_Berlepchs Renclode Grosse Grüne_ (syn. of Berlepsch), 492

Berlet Früh Damascene, 402

_Berliner Pflaume_ (syn. of Grüne Dattel Zwetsche), 456

Bernsteinzwetsche, 402

_Bernsteinzwetsche_ (syn. of Bernsteinzwetsche), 402

Berry Plum, 402

Berryhill, 402

Best, var. orig. by, 307

Best Black Blood, 402

Best of All, 402

Bestovall (syn. of Best of All), 402

Beta, 402

Betterave, 402

Beverly, quoted, 21, 84

Beztercser Grosse Zwetsche, 402

Biconical, 402

_Bielaya Nicholskaya_ (syn. of Nicholas), 295

_Bielaya Otschakorskaya_ (syn. of White Otschakoff), 564

_Bieler Pflaume_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

Biery, 403

_Bifere_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

_Big Blue_ (syn. of Gueii), 234

Big Rose, 403

_Bilboa_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Biles, H. A., var. orig. by, 403

Bilona, 403

Biltern (syn. of Bittern), 403

_Bingaman_ (syn. of Oren), 300

Bingham, 403

_Bingham_ (syn. of Jefferson), 255

Bingham’s Pflaume (syn. of Bingham), 403

Biondeck, 403

Biondeck’s Frühzwetsche; _Biondeck’s rothe Frühzwetsche_ (syns. of Biondeck), 403

Birchland, 403

Bischofsmütze (syn. of Bonnet d’Eveque), 407

_Bischtin Erik_ (syn. of Frühe Grüne Zwetsche), 448

Bittern, 403

Bixby, 403

_Black Arab_ (syn. of Black Arabka), 404

Black Arabka, 404

Black Ball, 404

Black Bullace, 161

Black Bulleis (syn. of Black Bullace), 161

Black Damask, 404

_Black Damask_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

Black Damask Hasting, 404

Black Damosine (syn. of Damson), 186

_Black Damson_ (syn. of Damson), 186

_Black Damson_ (syn. of Late Black Damson), 480

_Black Damson_ (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

Black or Blacke Damascene (syn. of Damson), 186

_Black Damask_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Black Diamond_ (syn. of Diamond), 191

Black Diapred (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

Black Hawk, 404

Black Hill, 404

_Black Imperial_ (syn. of Bradshaw), 166

Black-knot, discussion of, 126, 127

Blackman (syn. of Charity Clark), 417

Blackman, Dr., var. orig. by, 163

_Black Morocco_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

Black Muscle (syn. of Muscle), 501

Black Mussell (syn. of Muscle), 501

_Black Orleans_ (syn. of Late Orleans), 265

Black Pear, 404

Black Perdrigon, 404

_Black Perdrigon_ (syn. of Early Blue), 438

Black Prune, 404

_Black Prune_ (syn. of Black Arabka), 404

Black Prunella, 404

Black Prunella (syn. of Sloe), 544

_Black Prune No. 1_ (syn. of Black Prune), 404

_Black Utah Hybrid_ (syn. of Utah), 362

Black Vengerka (syn. of Black Prune), 404

Blackman, 163

_Blackthorn_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

Blaisdon, 404

Blaisdon’s Red (syn. of Blaisdon), 404

_Blanche Grosse Espèce_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Blaue Damascenerin_ (syn. of Lange Violette Damascene), 479

_Blaue Dattel Pflaume_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Blaue Diaprée_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

_Blaue Eier_ (incor.) (syn. of Kaiser Wilhelm), 474

Blaue Eierpflaume (syn. of Blue Egg), 405

_Blaue Eier Pflaume_ (syn. of Large Sugar Prune), 480

_Blaue Eier Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

_Blaue Eierpflaume_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Blaue Fasanen Pflaume_ (syn. of Blue Perdrigon), 164

_Blaue Herzformige Pflaume_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

Blaue Kaiserin (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

_Blaue Kaiser Pflaume_ (syn. of Blue Egg), 405

_Blaue Kaiserpflaume_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

_Blaue Krieche_ (syn. of Haferpflaume), 458

Blaue Reine Claude, 405

_Blaue Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

_Blaue Riesenzwetsche_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

_Blauer Perdrigon_ (syn. of Blue Perdrigon), 164

_Blauer Spilling_ (syn. of Nikitaer Blaue Frühzwetsche), 504

_Blaue von Belgien_ (syn. of Belgian Purple), 157

_Blaue Zipper_ (syn. of Bechstein Spitzpflaume), 400

Blaugh, 405

_Bleecker’s_; _Bleecker’s Gage_, _German Gage_, _Yellow_, or _Yellow Gage_; _Blecker’s_; Bleeker’s Gage, _Gelbe Reine-Claude_, _Gelbe Renklode_, _Gelbe Zwetsche_, _Yellow_, or _Yellow Gage_ (syns. of Bleeker), 163

_Bleecker’s Rothe Pflaume_; _Bleecker’s Scarlet_; Bleeker’s Rotepflaume or _Scarlet_; _Bleeker’s Rothe Pflaume_ (syns. of Lombard), 268

Bleeker, 163

Bleeker, Mrs., var. orig. by, 164, 405

Bleeker Large Red, 405

Bleu de Belgique; _Bleu de Bergues_ or _de Pergue_; _Bleue de Belgique_, _de Bergues_, _de Peck_ or _de Perk_ (syns. of Belgian Purple), 157

Bleue de Perse, 405

_Bleue d’Italie_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

_Blew Damask_ or Damson (syn. of Damson), 186

Blew Perdrigon (syn. of Blue Perdrigon), 164

Blood Plum, 405

_Blood Plum_ (syn. of Satsuma), 337

_Blood Plum_ (syn. of Shviata Bene), 543

Blood Plum No. 3 (syn. of Blood Plum), 405

_Blood Plum No. 4_ (syn. of Satsuma), 337

Blubenthal, 405

Blubenthal Damson (syn. of Blubenthal), 405

_Blucher’s_ Gage (syn. of Bleeker), 163

Blue Apricot, 405

_Blue Damascene_ (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

_Blue Damson_ (syn. of Damson), 186

_Blue Damson_ (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

Blue Egg, 405

Blue Egg-Plum (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Blue Eye, 405

_Blue Gage_ (syn. of Early Blue), 438

_Blue Holland_ (syn. of Holland), 462

_Blue Imperatrice_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

_Blue Imperatrice_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

_Blue Impératrice_ (syn. of Semiana), 541

_Blue Imperial_ (syn. of Bradshaw), 166

_Blue Magnum Bonum_ (syn. of Gueii), 234

Blue Matchless, 405

Blue Moldavka, 405

Bluemont, 405

Blue Perdrigon (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

Blue Perdrigon, 164

_Blue Perdrigon_ (syn. of Blue Perdrigon), 164

_Blue Perdrigon_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Blue Plum, 406

Blue Prolific, 406

_Blue Prolific_ (syn. of Blue Prolific), 406

Blue Primordian, 406

Blue Prune, 406

Blue Rock, 406

Blue Tweens, 406

Blue Violet, 406

Blum, 406

_Bocksdutten_ or _Bockshoden_ (syns. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Boddaert, 165

Boddaert’s Green Gage or Reine Claude; Boddart’s Green Gage (syns. of Boddaert), 165

Bohemian Prune, 406

_Bohns Mirabelle_ or _Gestreifte Mirabelle_ (syns. of Mirabelle De Bohn), 496

_Bole_ (syn. of Bowle), 407

_Bolmar_; _Bolmer_; _Bolmar’s_ or _Bolmer’s_ or _Bolmore’s Washington_ (syns. of Washington), 368

Bomberger, 406

_Bon deux fois l’an_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

Bongoume, 407

Bonne Bouche, 407

Bonne de Bry, 407

Bonnemain de la Digue, 407

Bonne Rouge, 407

Bonne St. Ann (syn. of St. Anne), 537

Bonnet d’Eveque, 407

_Bonnet d’Eveque_ (syn. of Bonnet d’Eveque), 407

_Bonne Verte_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Bonum Magnum_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

_Bonum Magnum_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Bossland, 407

_Botan_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

_Botan_ (syn. of Berckmans), 159

_Botan_ (syn. of Red June), 324

_Botan_ (syn. of Willard), 379

_Botan No. 26_ (syn. of Willard), 379

Botan White (syn. of Berckmans), 159

_Botankin_ (syn. of Kelsey), 258

_Botankio_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

_Bottle Plum_ (syn. of Red Prune), 529

_Boulouf_ (syn. of Jodoigne), 472

Bouloff (syn. of Boulouf), 407

Boulouf, 407

Bouncer, 407

Bourgeois, M., var. orig. by, 174

Bower, 407

Bower, var. orig. by, 407

_Bower’s Gage_ (syn. of Bower), 407

Bowle, 407

Brackett, 408

_Bradford Gage_, _Green Gage_ or _Queen Gage_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Bradley’s King or King of Damsons (syns. of King Damson), 259

Bradshaw, 166

_Bradshaw_ (syn. of Bradshaw), 166

_Bradshaw_ (syn. of Gueii), 234

_Bradshaw_ (syn. of Nectarine), 291

Brahy, 408

_Brahy’s Green Gage_ (syn. of Brahy), 408

Brainerd, 408

_Brainerd’s Best_ (syn. of Brainerd), 408

Brandon Ruby, 408

Brandy Gage, 408

Brant of Naples, 408

Brauman, 408

Braunauer Aprikosenartige; _Braunauer Aprikosenartige Damascene_ or _Neue Kernfrucht_ (syns. of Abricotée de Braunau), 391

Braunauer Damascenenartige Pflaume, 408

_Braunauer Königs Pflaume_ or _Violetter Perdrigon_ (syns. of Buchner Königspflaume), 410

Breck, 408

Breck, Joseph, var. orig. by, 454

Breece, J. S., var. orig. by, 414, 421, 425, 458, 496, 498, 511, 512, 535, 539, 541, 544

Breitgedrückte Kaiser Zwetsche or _Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Aplatie), 523

_Bremen Prune_ (syn. of Austrian Quetsche), 397

Brevoort, Henry, var. orig. by, 408

Brevoort Purple, 408

_Brevoort’s Purple_, Purple Bolmar or _Purple Washington_; Brevorts; _Brevort’s Purple_; _Brevorts Purple Bolmar_; _Brevorts’ Purple Bolmar_ (syns. of Brevoort Purple), 408

Briançon, 409

_Bricet_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle), 263

_Bricet_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

_Bricetta_ or _Bricette_ (syns. of Late Mirabelle), 263

_Bricette_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

Brignole, 409

Brignole (syn. of Brignole Violette), 409

Brignole (syn. of Orleans), 302

_Brignole_ or _Brignolle_ (syns. of White Perdrigon), 375

Brignole Jaune (syn. of Brignole), 409

_Brignole Plum_ (syn. of Brignole), 409

Brignole Violette, 409

_Brignole Violette_ (syn. of Blue Perdrigon), 164

_Brignole Violette_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

Brill, 409

_Brisette_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle, 263; of Saint Catherine, 334)

Bristol, 409

Briton Seedling, 409

Brittlewood, 409

_Brittlewood No. 1_ (syn. of Brittlewood), 409

_Brittlewood No. 2_ (syn. of U. S.), 557

Brittlewood No. 3, 410

Britzer Egg, 410

Brock, 410

Brodie, R., var. orig. by, 410

Brodie, 410

Brompton, 410

Brooklyn, 410

Brown, var. orig. by, 461

Brown, John, var. orig. by, 445

Brown-rot, discussion of, 127

Brown’s Crimson Drop (syn. of Crimson Drop), 424.

Bruce, A. L., life of, 527-528; var. orig. by, 402, 423, 425, 434, 447, 455, 490, 509, 519, 526, 527, 554, 560

Bruce, Philip Alexander, quoted, 84, 85

_Brugnole_ (syn. of Brignole Violette), 409

Brugnole (syn. of Orleans), 302

_Brugnon de Neerveteren_ (syn. of Rademakers), 525

_Brugnon Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Brugnon Green Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Brünner Zwetsche, 410

Brunswick, 410

Brussels, 410

_Brustwarzenpflaume, Die_ (syn. of Mamelonnée), 489

_Bruyn Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Bryan, 410

Bryanston, 168

Bryanston Gage; Bryanstone; Bryanstone Gage; Bryanston’s Gage (syns. of Bryanston), 168

Buchanan, 410

Buchner Königspflaume, 410

Buckman, Benjamin, var. orig. by, 476

Budd, 410

Budd, Prof. J. L., life of, 145; quoted, 145, 269; var. orig. by, 145, 362, 471

Buel, 411

Buel, Judge, var. orig. by, 256

_Buel’s Favorite_; Buel’s Liebling’s Zwetsche (syns. of Buel), 411

Buffalo Bill, 411

Buhl-Eltershofen, 411

_Buhl-Eltershofen Zwetsche_ (syn. of Buhl-Eltershofen), 411

Buhler, 411

Buhler’s Early Prune (syn. of Buhler), 411

Bulah No. 4, 411

Bulgaria, 411

Bulgarian, 411

Bullace (syn. of White Bullace), 373

_Bullace_ (syn. of Damson), 186

Bullace group, 40

Bullesse (syn. of Black Bullace), 161

Bullman, 411

Bullock, Jesse, var. orig. by, 175

Bullock, 411

Bullock’s Heart (syn. of Bullock), 411

Bull Plum, 411

Bunker Hill, 411

Bunte Früh Pflaume, 411

_Bunte Herzformige Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

Bunter Perdrigon, 412

_Buntfarbige Violette Pflaume_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

Buon-Boccone (syn. of Catelano Giallo), 415

Burbank, 169

Burbank First, 412

Burbank, Luther, life of, 170-171; quoted, 76, 77, 95, 96, 146, 147, 333, 571; var. orig. by, 141, 142, 146, 147, 154, 170, 171, 179, 222, 225, 237, 257, 275, 285, 296, 297, 333, 337, 343, 354, 377, 393, 402, 416, 420, 421, 439, 446, 447, 450, 452, 461, 465, 467, 471, 473, 480, 483, 485, 491, 504, 518, 521, 539, 543, 547, 548, 559, 560, 571

Burbank’s First (syn. of Burbank First), 412

Burbank No. 1, 412

Burbank No. 2 (syn. of Abundance), 136

_Burbank No. 3_ (syn. of Late Blood), 480

_Burbank No. 4_ (syn. of Heikes), 460

Burbank No. 7, 412

Burbank No. 11, 412

Burbank × Redick, 412

_Burbank’s Sultan_ (syn. of Occident), 295

Burchardt Gelbe Früh Zwetsche, 412

Burettes, 412

Burford, 412

_Burgnon Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Burgunder Zwetsche (syn. of Burgundy Prune), 412

Burgundy Prune, 412

_Burgundy Prune_ (syn. of Burgundy Prune), 412

Burlington Gage, 413

Burnet, 413

Burrettes (syn. of Burettes), 412

Bursoto, 413

_Burwood_ (syn. of Emerald), 442

_Bury Seedling_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 228

_Bush_; _Bush Plum of Kent_ (syns. of Kent), 476

Byefield, 413

Caddo Chief, 413

Caldwell Golden Drop, 413

Caldwell’s Golden Drop (syn. of Caldwell Golden Drop), 413

Caldwell’s White Gage (syn. of Caldwell White Gage), 413

Caldwell White Gage, 413

_Caledonian_ (syn. of Dove Bank, 435; of Goliath, 231; of Nectarine, 231; of Peach, 309)

_California_ (syn. of Agen), 138

California, 413

_California Seedling_; Cal. Seedling (syns. of California), 413

_Calvels Pfirschenpflaume_ (syn. of Peach), 309

Cambell, 414

_Cambell’s Seedling_ (syn. of Cambell), 414

Camp, Charles B., var. orig. by, 478

Campbell, 414

Canada Blue, 414

_Canada Egg_ (syn. of Canada Orleans), 414

Canada Orleans, 414

Canadian Apricot, 414

_Canawa_ (syn. of Kanawha), 474

Candelaria, 414

Candelaria Prune (syn. of Candelaria), 414

_Cant’s Late Green Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Caper, 414

Capitaine Kirchhof, 414

_Capitaine Kirckhof_ or _Kirckkof_ (syns. of Capitaine Kirchhof), 414

Captain, 414

Capt. Bacon, 415

Capt. Watrous, 415

Caradeuc (syn. of De Caradeuc), 188

Caro, 415

Caroline, 415

Carpenter, 415

Carrière, quoted, 336

Carson, 415

Carstesen, H. P., var. orig. by, 415

Carstesen, 415

Cartier, Jacques, quoted, 70

Carver, 415

_Castelane_; Castellan (syns. of Early Yellow), 203

Catalana Propria, 415

_Catalana-Susina_ (syn. of Catalano), 415

_Catalana Toscana_ (syn. of Catalana Propria), 415

_Catalane_; Catalonia; _Catalonian_; _Catalonische Kricke_ or _Pflaume_; _Catalonischer Spilling_ (syns. of Early Yellow), 203

Catalano, 415

Catelana Morella (syn. of Catelano Violaceo), 416

_Catelane_ (syn. of Catalano), 415

Catelane Giallo, 415

Catelano Violaceo, 416

_Catharinenpflaume_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

Catharinenpflaume von Schenectady (syn. of Schenectady), 540

Catherine, 416

Catherine (Prune de Ste.) (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

_Catherine violette_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Cavel’s Pfirschenpflaume_ (syn. of Nectarine), 291

Cel, 416

Centennial, 416

Centralia, 416

_Cerasus nigra_, 69

_Cerasus umbellata_, 78

_Cerasus pubescens_, 92

_Cerise_; _Cerisette_; _Cerisette Blanche_; Cerizette (syns. of Myrobalan), 290

_Cerisette Blanche_ (syn. of Gelbe Kirschpflaume, 450; of Early Yellow, 203)

_Cernay Perdrigon_ (syn. of Perdrigon of Cernay), 514

Cernay Perdrigon (syn. of Cerney Perdrigon), 416

Cerney Perdrigon, 416

Ceur de Beuf, 416

Chabardin, M., var. orig. by, 456

_Chabot_ (syn. of Chabot), 172

Chabot, 172

Chabot Blood, 416

Chalco, 174

Chambourcy, 174

Champion, 175

Champion, 416

Champion Prune (syn. of Champion), 175

Chancellor Gage, 416

Chapin, Aaron, var. orig. by, 416

Chapin, 416

_Chapin’s Early_ (syn. of Howell), 465

Chapman, var. orig. by, 367

_Chapman’s Prince of Wales_; Chapman’s Prince of Wales’ Plum (syns. of Wales), 366

Chariot, 417

Charity Clark, 417

_Charles Downing_ (syn. of Downing), 193

_Charlotte_ (syn. of Charlotte), 417

Charlotte, 417

Charmer, 417

_Chase_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

Chautauqua, 417

Chauviere, M., var. orig. by, 417

Chauviere, 417

Cheney, 176

Cheresoto, 417

Cherokee, 417

Cherry, 417

_Cherry_ (syn. of Cheney, 176; of Myrobalan, 290; of Queen Mother, 522)

_Cherry Plum_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Chester, 417

Chester County Prune, 418

Chestnut, 418

_Cheston_; _Cheston Matchless_; Cheston’s Plumb (syns. of Violet Diaper), 365

_Chicasaw Chief_ (syn. of Miner), 281

_Chickasaw_ (syn. of Scioto), 541

Chicrigland, 418

_Chili_ (syn. of Pond), 314

Chinook, 418

Chippewa, 418

Chippeway (syn. of Chippewa), 418

Choptank, 418

Christian, 418

Christie, 418

Christ’s Damascene (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

Churchill, 419

Chypre, 418

Cinnamon, 419

Cire (syn. of Wax), 562

_Ciriselle_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Cistena, 419

City, 419

_Clairac Mammoth_ (syn. of Imperial Epineuse), 250

Clara, 419

Clarendon, 419

Clark, Thomas, var. orig. by, 522

Clark, 419

Claudia (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Cleavinger, 419

Cleveland, 419

Clifford, Mrs., var. orig. by, 420

Clifford, 419

Climate, effects of, 101-109

Climax, 178

Climax’s Brother, 420

Clingstone Wolf (syn. of Wolf Clingstone), 567

Cling Stem, 179

Clinton, 420

_Cloth of Gold_; _Cloth of Gold Plum_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

_Cloth of Gold_; _Cloth of Gold Esperen_ (syn. of Esperen), 206

Cluck, 420

Cluck, George, var. orig. by, 420

_Cluster_ (syn. of Crittenden), 184

Cluster, 420

_Cluster Damson_ (syn. of Crittenden), 184

Clyman, 180

Clyman, Mrs. Hannah, var. orig. by, 184

Cochet, 420

_Cochet Pére_; Cochets Pflaume (syns. of Cochet), 420

Coe (syn. of Golden Drop), 228

Coe, Jervaise, var. orig. by, 229.

_Coe à Fruit Violet_ (syn. of Coe Violet), 420

Coe Golden Drop (syn. of Golden Drop), 228

_Coe_ (Pr. de); _Coe’s_; Coe’s Golden Drop; Coe’s Golden Drop Plum; _Coe’s Imperial_; _Coe’s Plum_; Coe’s Rotgefleckte Pflaume; _Coe’s Rothgefleckte Pflaume_; _Coe’s Seedling_ (syns. of Golden Drop), 228

Coe’s Fine Late Red (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Coe’s Golden Drop Violette_ (syn. of Coe Violet), 420

_Coe’s Late Red_ (syn. of Saint Martin Quetsche), 538

Coe’s Late Red (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Coë’s sehr späte rothe Pflaume_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Coe Violette_; Coe’s Violet; _Coe’s Violette_ (syns. of Coe Violet), 420

Coe Violet, 420

Coeur de Boeuf, 420

_Coeur de Pigeon_ (syn. of Queen Mother), 522

Coferer, 421

_Coferers_ (syn. of Coferer), 421

Coinage, 421

Col. Wetherell (syn. of Wetherell), 563

_Col. Young’s Seedling_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Coletta, 421

Coleus, 421

Collman (syn. of Colman), 421

Collo-Torto (syn. of Basaricatta), 399

Colman, 421

_Colonel Bryan_ (syn. of Bryan), 410

_Colonel_ or Col. Wilder (syns. of Wilder), 565

_Colorado_ (syn. of Colorado Queen), 421

Colorado Queen, 421

Columbia, 181

_Columbia_ (syn. of Captain), 414

_Columbia Gage_; _Columbia Pflaume_; _Columbian Gage_ (syns. of Columbia), 181

Columella, quoted, 28, 36

Combination, 421

Comfort, 421

_Common Blue Damson_ (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

_Common Damson_ (syn. of Damson, 186; of Winter Damson, 567)

_Common Orleans_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

_Common Quetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Common Saint Julien (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

_Common Sloe_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

Communia, 421

Compass, 422

Compass, 182

_Compass Cherry_ (syn. of Compass), 182

Compass Cherry (syn. of Compass), 422

Compote d’Automne (syn. of Autumn Compote), 153

Comptine, 422

Comte Gustavo d’Egger, 422

Consul, 422

Cope, John, var. orig. by, 423

Cooch, 422

Cooch, var. orig. by, 422

Cook, 422

Cook (syn. of Cook Choice), 422

Cook Choice, 422

Cook’s Choice; _Cook’s Favorite_ (syns. of Cook Choice), 422

_Cook’s Early_ (syn. of Cook), 422

Cooper, 422

Cooper, Joseph, var. orig. by, 423

Cooper’s (syn. of Smith Orleans), 348

Cooper’s (syn. of Cooper), 423

_Cooper’s Blue Gage_ (syn. of Early Blue), 438

Cooper’s Grosse Pflaume (syn. of Cooper), 423

_Cooper’s Grosse Rothe Zwetsche_ (syn. of Cooper), 423

_Cooper’s Large_ (syn. of Cooper, 423; of Golden Drop, 228; of Smith Orleans, 348)

_Cooper’s Large American_ (syn. of Cooper), 423

_Cooper’s Large Red_ (syn. of Cooper, 423; of Smith Orleans, 348)

_Cooper’s Large Red American_ (syn. of Cooper), 423

Coopers Plum (syn. of Cooper), 423

_Cooper’s Plum_ (syn. of Cooper), 423

_Cooper’s Red_ (syn. of Cooper, 423; of Smith Orleans, 348)

Cope, 423

Cope’s Seedling (syn. of Cope), 423

_Copper_ (syn. of Copper, 183; of Richland, 531)

Copper, 183

_Copper Plum_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Cornell, J. R., quoted, 244

Cornemuse, 423

Corse, Henry, var. orig. by, 391, 432, 445, 453, 455, 507, 532, 540, 557, 563

_Corse’s Admiral_ (syn. of Admiral), 391

Corse’s Dictator (syn. of Dictator), 432

_Corse’s Field Marshal_; Corse’s Field Marshall (syns. of Field Marshall), 445

Corse’s Great Bearer (syn. of Great Bearer), 455

Corse’s Nota Bena or Nota Bene (syn. of Nota Bene), 507

Corse’s Rising Sun (syn. of Rising Sun), 532

_Corse’s Sauvageon_ (syn. of Sauvageon), 539

_Corse’s Twins_ (syn. of Twins), 557

Corymbus, 423

Cottrell, 423

Cottrell, R. T., var. orig. by, 423

_Couetch; Couetche; Couetsche_ (syns. of German Prune), 219

_Couetsche d’Italie; Couetsche Fellenberg_ (syns. of Italian Prune), 253

_Couetsche Ordinaire_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Couetsche Précoce_; _Couetsche Précoce La Vraie_ (syns. of Wahre Frühzwetsche), 560

Couler, 423

Couler, William, var. orig. by, 423

Coulommiers, 423

Coulommiers Pflaume (syn. of Coulommiers), 423

Coulon Reine Claude, 423

Coulon’s Reine Claude (syn. of Coulon Reine Claude), 423

Coul Orleans, 423

Count Althann’s Gage (syn. of Altham), 141

Court Royal, 424

Cover-crops, value of, 121

_Covetche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Covetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Cowles, E. D., var. orig. by, 516

Cowperthwait Green Gage, 424

Cox, Mrs., var. orig. by, 424

Cox, 424

Coxe, William, quoted, 25

Cox’s Emperor (syn. of Denbigh), 430

Cox’s Seedling (syn. of Cox), 424

Crable, 424

Craig, 424

Crescent, 424

Crescent City (syn. of Crescent), 424

Crimson, 424

Crimson Beauty, 424

Crimson Drop, 424

Crittenden, 184

Crittenden, James, var. orig. by, 184

Crittenden’s Damson (syn. of Crittenden), 184

_Crittenden’s Prolific_; _Crittenden’s Prolific Damson_ (syns. of Crittenden), 184

Croft Early, 424

Croft’s Early (syn. of Croft Early), 424

Cross, var. orig. by, 438

Cross-bred Prune A.P.-318 (syn. of Splendor), 547

Cruger, Henry, var. orig. by, 424

Cruger Scarlet, 424

_Cruger’s_; _Cruger’s Früh Pflaume_, _Plum_, Rote Pflaume, _Scarlet_, _Scarlet Gage_, or _Seedling_ (syns. of Cruger Scarlet), 424

Csaszar Sziloa, 425

Culberson, 425

Cumberland, 425

Curlew, 425

Curry, 425

Curry, S. L., var. orig. by, 425

Cyca Mono, 425

Cyclone, 425

Cydemarine, 425

Cyprian (syn. of Chypre), 418

_Cyprische Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

Czar, 184

_D’Abricot of Streets of Paris_ (syn. of Peach), 309

D’Agen (syn. of Agen), 138

D’Agen Ameliorée (syn. of Ameliorée), 394

D’Agen Dorée (syn. of Dorée), 434

Dahlgreen, 425

Daisy, 425

Dakota, 425

_D’Allemagne_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Dalrymple, 426

Dalrymple Damson (syn. of Dalrymple), 426

_D’Altesse Blanche_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

Damas Ambre, 426

_Damas Aubert_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Damas-Ballon Jaune_ (syn. of Ballonartige Gelbe Zwetsche), 398

_Damas-Ballon Rouge_ (syn. of Ballonartige Rote Damascene), 398

_Damas-Ballon Panachée Variete_ (syn. of Ballonartige Gelbe Zwetsche), 398

_Damas Blanc_, _Blanc Gros_, _Blanc Hâtif Gros_, _Blanc Tres Hâtif_ (syns. of Large White Damson), 480

_Damas blanc petit_ (syn. of Small White Damson), 544

Damas Commun (syn. of Damson), 186

_Damas de Dieffenbach_ (syn. of Damas de Diffenbach), 426

Damas de Diffenbach, 426

_Damas de Leipsick_ (syn. of Frühe Leipziger Damascene), 448

Damas de Mangeron; _Damas de Mangeron_, _de Maugeron_, _de Maugerou_; or _de Maugiron_, _Damascene Maugeron_, von Mangeron or _von Maugeron_ (syns. of Maugeron), 492

Damas de Provence, 426

_Damas de Provence_ or _de Provence Hâtif_ (syns. of Damas de Provence), 426

_Damas de Septembre_ (syn. of Perdrigon Tardif, 515; of September Damask, 542)

_Damas d’Espagne_ (syn. of Spanish Damask), 546

Damas d’Ete, 426

_Damas de Tours_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

_Damas de Tours_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Damas de Tours_ or _de Tours Gros_ (syns. of Gros Damas de Tours), 456

Damas de Valence (syn. of Valence), 557

Damas d’Hiver (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

_Damas d’Italie_ (syn. of Italian Damask), 470

_Damas d’Onderka_ (syn. of Onderka Damascene), 509

Damas Dronet, 426

_Damas Dronet_ (syn. of Damas Dronet), 426

Damas Dronet de Merlet, 427

_Damas Fin_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

_Damas Gris_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Damas Gros_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Damas gros de Tours (syn. of Gros Damas de Tours), 456

Damas Hâtif (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Damas Jaune_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

Damas Jaune Musque, 427

_Damas Jaune Tardif de Koch_ (syn. of Koch späte Damascene), 477

_Damas Lawson_ (syn. of Lawson), 482

_Damas Long_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Damas Musque (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

_Damas Noir_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Damas noir_ (syn. of Late Black Damson), 480

Damas Noir (syn. of Damson), 186

_Damas Noir de Dieffenbach_ (syn. of Damas de Diffenbach), 426

Damas Noir de Tours, 427

_Damas Noir Hâtif_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

Damas Noir Hatif (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Damas Noir Tardif_ (syn. of Late Black Damson), 480

_Damas Précoce de Rivers_ (syn. of Rivers Early), 532

Damas Rouge (syn. of Orleans), 302

Damas Rouge de Biondeck, 427

_Damas Rouge de Friedheim_ (syn. of Friedheim Damascene), 448

Damas Rouge de Mayer or de Moyer (syns. of Mayers Rothe Damascene), 493

Damas Rouge Hâtif, 427

_Damas Rouge Hâtif_ (syn. of Damas Rouge Hâtif), 427

_Damas rouge tardif_ (syn. of Late Red Damask), 481

Damas Tardif de Kock (syn. of Koch Späte Damascene), 477

_Damas Verd_ or _Vert_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Damas Vert_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Damas Violet, 427

_Damas Violet_ (syn. of Damas Violet, 427; of German Prune, 219; of Maugeron, 492; of Orleans, 302; of Queen Mother, 522)

_Damas Violet Allonge_ (syn. of Lange Violette Damascene), 479

_Damas Violet Gros_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Damas Violet Longuet_ (syn. of Lange Violette Damascene), 479

Damas Violet of Tours (syn. of Gros Damas de Tours), 456

Damas Violet Tardif (syn. of Damas Violet), 427

_Damascena Armeniaca_ or _Armeniacea_ (syns. of Mirabelle), 284

_Damascena Dominicalis Praecox_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

_Damascena Schamali_ (syn. of Schamal), 540

_Damascene_ (syn. of Damson), 186

_Damascene_ (syn. of Shropshire), 344

_Damascene Maugeron_, von Mangeron or _von Maugeron_ (syns. of Maugeron), 492

Damascenen Mirabelle (syn. of Small White Damson), 544

Damaschino d’Estate (syn. of Damaschino Estivo), 426

Damaschino Estivo, 426

Damaschino Settembrino, 426

Damascus (syn. of Damson), 186

_Damasine_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Damasine_ (syn. of Rote Mirabelle), 533

_Damask_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Damask Violet (syn. of Queen Mother), 522

_Damask of Provence_ (syn. of Damas de Provence), 426

_Damasquinée_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

Damatie Rouge, 427

_Dame Ambert_, _Ambert Blanche_ or _Ambert Jaune_, _Aubert_, _Aubert Blanche_, _Aubert Grosse Luisante_, or _Aubert Jaune_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

Dame Aubert, _Aubert Rouge_ or _Aubert Violette_ (syns. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Dame Aubert Jaune (syn. of Aubert), 397

_Dame Aubert Rouge_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Dame-Aubert Rouge_ (syn. of Blue Egg), 405

_Dame Aubert Violet_ (syn. of Duane), 196

_D’Amerique Rouge_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Damson_ (syn. of Damson, 186; of Winter Damson, 567)

Damson, 185

_Damson Cluster_ (syn. of Crittenden), 184

Damson group, description of, 39-40

_Damson Plum_ (syn. of Shropshire), 344

Damson Riley, 427

Damson Royal, 427

Damson Winter (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

Dana, Rev., var. orig. by, 428

Dana’s Gage; _Dana’s Yellow Gage_ (syns. of Dana Yellow Gage), 428

Dana Yellow Gage, 427

Daniel, Dr., var. orig. by, 428

Daniel Weeping, 428

Danish Damson, 428

_Dark Blue Egg_ (syn. of Kaiser Wilhelm), 474

Darst, 428

Darst, var. orig. by, 428

Darwin Peach (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Das Blaue Auge_ (syn. of Lange Violette Damascene), 479

_D’Ast_ (syn. of Agen), 138

Date, 428

_Date_ (syn. of Agen), 138

_Date de Hongrie_; _Date Plum_; _Datte de Hongrie_ or Hungrie; _Datte Violette_; _Dattelzwetsche_ (syns. of Hungarian), 246

Date Plum (syn. of Date), 428

Datilles, 428

Datte Hongroise Jaune, 428

_Datte Jaune_ (syn. of Weisse Kaiserin), 563

_Dattel Pflaume_ or _Zwetsche_ (syns. of Red Date), 322

Dattelpflaumen; _Dattelzwetsche_ (syns. of Date), 428

_Datte Verte_ (syn. of Grüne Dattel Zwetsche), 456

_Datte Violette_ (syn. of Agen), 138

_Dauphin_ (syn. of Victoria), 363

_Dauphin_ (syn. of Sharp), 340

_Dauphin à Fleurs doubles_; _Dauphin à Fleurs semi-doubles_ (syns. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

Dauphine, 428

_Dauphine_; _Dauphiny_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_D’Automne de Schamal_ (syn. of Schamal), 540

D’Autriche (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_D’Autriche_ (syn. of Date), 428

Davenport, 429

Davies Seedling, 429

Davies’ Seedling (syn. of Davies Seedling), 429

Davis, 429

_D’Avoine_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Dawson, 186, 429

Dawson, P. P., var. orig. by, 187

Dawson City, 429

_Dawson Seedling_ (syn. of Dawson), 186

_De Bavay_ (syn. of Bavay), 155

_De Besançon_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_De Bordeaux_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

De Briançon (syn. of Briançon), 409

_De Briancon_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_De Brignole_ (syn. of Agen), 138

DeCaisne, 187

_Decaisnes Pflaume_ (syn. of DeCaisne), 187

De Caradeuc, 188

De Caradeuc, A., var. orig. by, 188

_De Catalogue_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_De Chypre_ (syn. of Chypre, 418; of Red Diaper, 323; of Musk Damson, 501)

_De Coe_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 228

De Délice, 429

_De Deux Saison_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

De Gisborne (syn. of Gisborne), 451

De Gondin, 430

_De Jerusalem_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_De Kirke_ (syn. of Kirke), 260

De la Toussaint, 430

_De la Saint-Martin_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

Delaware, 430

De l’Inde, 430

_De Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

De Mitchelson (syn. of Mitchelson), 498

_De Monsieur_ (syn. of Yellow Egg, 386; Early Tours, 202; Orleans, 302; Early Orleans, 198)

_De Monsieur Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

_De Monsieur Jaune_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

De Montfort, 430

De Montmirail, 430

_De Pologne_ (syn. of Quetsche Dr. Létricourt), 524

De Pontbriant (syn. of Pontbriant), 517

_De Prince_ (syn. of Norbert), 505

_De Prince_ (_en Lorraine_) (syn. of De Seigneur), 431

_De Reizeinstein_ (syn. of Reizenstein Yellow Prune), 531

_De Sainte-Catherine_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

De Seigneur, 431

De Soto, 189

_De Soto × Oregon No. 3_ (syn. of Ames), 144

_De Virginie_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_De Wangenheim_ (syn. of Wangenheim), 368

De Wolf, M. J., var. orig. by, 498

Dean, 429

Deane, Samuel, D. D., quoted, 21, 38

Dean’s Jedburgh Seedling (syn. of Dean), 429

Deaton, 429

Deck, 429

Decks Damson (syn. of Deck), 429

Decker, 429

Decker, H. C., var. orig. by, 429

Decker’s Late Seedling (syn. of Decker), 429

_Decker’s Seedling_ (syn. of Decker), 429

Deep Creek, 429

Deepcreek (syn. of Deep Creek), 429

Defresne, 430

Denbigh, 430

_Denbigh-Pflaume; Denbigh Seedling_; _Denbigh_ (syns. of Denbigh), 430

Dennie (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

Dennis, 431

_Dennison’s Red_; _Denniston’s Red_; Denniston’s Rote Pflaume (syns. of Denniston Red), 431

_Dennison’s Superb_ (syn. of Denniston Superb), 431

Dennis Seedling No. 13, 431

Denniston, Isaac, var. orig. by, 393, 411, 431, 478, 500

Denniston Red, 431

_Denniston’s Albany_ or _Albany Beauty_ (syns. of Albany Beauty), 392

Denniston Superb, 431

_Denniston’s Superb_ or Superb Gage (syns. of Denniston Superb), 431

_D’Ente_ (syn. of Lot d’Ente), 486

_D’Ente_; D’Ente d’Agen (syns. of Agen), 138

D’Ente Impériale, 431

Denton, 431

_Denyer’s Victoria_ (syn. of Sharp, 340; of Victoria, 363)

Der blaue Rebhuhn aus der Normandie (syn. of Normand Perdrigon), 505

_Der Bunter Perdrigon_ (syn. of Bunter Perdrigon), 412

Derbyshire Green Gage, 431

Deron, 431

Deron’s (syn. of Deron), 431

Des Béjonnières (syn. of Béjonnières), 157

Des Burettes (syn. of Burettes), 412

Des Moines, 431

_Deutsche Blaue Herbstzwetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Deux fois l’an_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

Dewey, 432

_Diademe_; _Diademe Imperial_ or _Imperiale_ (syns. of Red Diaper), 323

Diademe Imperial-Isabelle, 432

_Diamant_; Diamantpflaume (syns. of Diamond), 191

_Diamant_; Diamantpflaume (syns. of Pond), 314

Diamond, 191, 432

Diamond, var. orig. by, 191

Diana, 432

Diaper; _Diaper Rouge_; _Diapre Rouge_, _Diaprea rubra_; _Diaprée de Roche Corbon_; _Diaprée Rouge_ (syns. of Red Diaper), 323

_Diaper’d Plumb_ (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432

_Diaphane_ (syn. of Transparent), 360

_Diaphane Laffay_ (syn. of Transparent), 360

_Diapre Blanc_ (syn. of White Diaper), 564

_Diaprée Blanche_; Diaprée Weisse (syns. of Diaprée Blanche), 432

_Diaprée Blanche_ (syn. of White Diaper, 564; of White Perdrigon, 375)

Diaprée Blanche, 432

Diaprée noire; _Diapre Violet_; _Diaprée Violette_ (syns. of Violet Diaper), 365

Diapree Nouvelle De Kook, 432

Dictator, 432

Die Abrikosenartige Pflaume (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Die Albertus Damenpflaume_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Die Aprikosenpflaume (syn. of Red Apricot), 321

_Die Bischofsmütze_ (syn. of Bonnet d’Eveque), 407

_Die Blaue Dattelpflaume_ (syn. of Agen), 138

_Die Blutfarbege Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Die Brisette_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle), 263

_Die Brustwarzenpflaume_ (syn. of Mamelonnée), 489

Die Damascenerpflaume von Maugeron (syn. of Maugeron), 492

Die Damaskpflaume aus Spanien (syn. of Spanish Damask), 546

_Die Durchsichtige_ (syn. of Transparente), 555

Die frühe Pflaume von Tours (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Die Gartenzwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Maraichère), 524

_Die gelbe frühzeitige Pflaume_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Die grosse indianische braunrothe Pflaume (syn. of Indian), 468

Die grosse Königin Claudiapflaume, die grüne Abrikose (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Die grosse Königin Klaudia Pflaume mit halbgefullter Bluthe (syn. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

Die grosse rothe Feigenpflaume (syn. of Red Date), 322

Die grosse Weisse Glanzende (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Die grüne herzförmige Pflaume (syn. of Grüne Herzformige), 456

_Die Hauszwetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Die Herrnpflaume (syn. of Orleans), 302

Die Hyacinthenpflaume (syn. of Jacinthe), 471

Die Isabelle (syn. of Isabella), 469

Die Kaiserliche veilchenfarbige Pflaume (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Die Kaiserliche Weisse Pflaume (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Die kleine Königin Claudia (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

Die kleine langlichte Damaskuspflaume (syn. of Damas Dronet), 426

Die kleine Zwergpflaume (syn. of Zwergpflaume), 571

Die Kleine Weisse Damascenerpflaume (syn. of Small White Damson), 544

_Die Königin_ (syn. of Mayer Konigspflaume), 493

Die Königin Klaudia (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Die Königliche grosse Pflaume (syn. of Royal), 534

Die königliche Pflaume von Tours (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

Die lange, grüne und grosses welsche Pflaume? (syn. of Quetsche Verte D’Italie), 525

Die Morillenpflaume (syn. of Apricot), 148

Die musquat Damaskuspflaume (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

Die Pflaume aus Cypern (syn. of Chypre), 418

Die Pflaume ohne Stein (syn. of Stoneless), 353

Die Rothe Eierflaume (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Die Rothe Eierflaume_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Die Rothe Kaiserpflaume (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Die rothe Rebhuhnpflaume (syn. of Red Perdrigon), 528

_Die Scanarda_ (syn. of Scanarda), 540

Die späte oder September Damaskpflaume (syn. of September Damask), 542

_Die Valienciennes_ (syn. of Valienciennes), 558

Die veilchenfarbige Birnpflaume (syn. of Pear Plum), 513

Die veilchenfarbige Damascenerpflaume (syn. of Damas Violet), 427

Die Veischenfarbige Kaiserinnpflaume (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

Die violete Kaiserpflaume mit scheckichten Blattern (syn. of Imperial Violet), 467

_Die Violette Diaprée_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

_Die Violette Kaiserpflaume_ (syn. of Violet Imperial), 559

_Die Violette Königin Claudia_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

_Die Violette Königin Claudie_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

_Die Violette oder Blaue Reneclode_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

_Die Violette oder Blaue Renoclode_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

Die wälsche Damascene pflaume (syn. of Italian Damask), 470

_Die Wangenheim_ (syn. of Wangenheim), 368

Die Weisse Buntfarbige Pflaume (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432

Die weisse Duranzen pflaume (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375

Die Weisse Kaiserinnpflaume; _Die Weisse Kaiserpflaume_ (syns. of White Imperatrice), 375

Die Zuckersüsse (syn. of Trauttenberg), 555

Dieffenbachs Damascene; _Dieffenbachs Schwarze Damascene_ (syn. of Damas de Diffenbach), 426

Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene, 432

_Diel’s August Zwetsche_ (syn. of Wahre Frühzwetsche), 560

_Diels Königpflaume_ or _Diel’s Königspflaume_ (syns. of Royal Tours), 332

_Diffenbachs Damascene_ (syn. of Damas de Diffenbach), 426

Dine, 433

_D’Italie_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Dittisham, 433

Dixie, 433

_Dobrowitzer Frühzwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche de Dobrowitz), 523

Dochnahl Damascene, 433

_Dochnahl’s Königs Pflaume_ (syn. of Dochnahl Damascene), 433

Dodd, William, var. orig. by, 282

_D’OEuf_; _D’OEuf Blanche_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_D’Oeuf Violette_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Dojene, 433

Doles, A. H., var. orig. by, 519

Dollaner, 433

Dollaner Zwetsche (syn. of Dollaner), 433

_Dolphin_ (syn. of Sharp, 340; of Victoria, 363)

Domina, 433

Domine Dull, 433

Domine Dull’s; Domine Dull’s Plum (syns. of Domine Dull), 433

_Domino_ (syn. of Domina), 433

Don, 433

Don Alteza, 433

_Donauers Zusammen Gedrückte Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Aplatie), 523

Don Carlos, 433

Don Carlos’ (syn. of Don Carlos), 433

Doppelte Mirabelle (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

Dora, 433

Dorée, 434

_Dorée de Lawson_ (syn. of Lawson), 482

Dorell, 434

Dorell, Dr., var. orig. by, 434, 520

Dorell Aprikosenpflaume, 434

_Dorell’s Neue Aprikosen Pflaume_ (syn. of Dorell Aprikosenpflaume), 434

_Dorelle’s Neue Grosse Zwetsche_ or _New Purple Prune_; Dorells grosse neue Zwetsche, or _Grosse Zwetsche_, or _Neue Grosse Zwetsche_; Dorell’s Neue Purpur Zwetsche; _Dorrel_ (syns. of Dorell), 434

Dörell’s Grosse Ungarische Pflaume (syn. of Large Sugar Prune), 480

_Dorell’s Neue Weisse Diaprée_ (syn. of Wahre Weisse Diaprée), 561

Doris, 434

Dorr, 434

Dorr, Elisha, var. orig. by, 461, 464, 562

Dorr Seedling, 434

Dorr’s Favorite (syn. of Dorr, 434; of Pond, 314)

Dorsett, 434

Dosch, 435

Dosch, Henry E., var. orig. by, 435

Double, 435

_Double Blackpruim_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

_Double-blossomed_; Double-blossomed Plum (syns. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

_Double Beurre Witte?_ (syn. of White Virginal), 565

_Double Drap d’Or_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

Double Flowering Gage, 192

_Double Imperial Gage_ (syn. of Washington), 368

_Double Mirabelle_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

Double Plum, 435

Dougall, James, var. orig. by, 435

Dougall Best, 435

Dougall’s Best (syn. of Dougall Best), 435

_Douglas_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

_Douglas_ (syn. of Chabot), 172

Douglass, 435

Dove Bank, 435

Dowling, Henry, var. orig. by, 395, 548, 567

Downing, A. J., quoted, 519; var. orig. by, 443

Downing, 193

Downing Early, 435

Downing’s Early (syn. of Downing Early), 435

Downton Impératrice, 435

Downton’s Kaiserin; _Downtoner Kaiserin_ (syns. of Downton Impératrice), 435

Drake, George, var. orig. by, 436

Drake Seedling, 436

Drake’s Seedling (syn. of Drake Seedling), 436

_Drap d’Or_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

_Drap d’Or_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Drap d’Or, 194

_Drap d’Or d’Esperen_; _Esperen_, _of Esperen_, or of Esperin (syns. of Esperen), 206

_Drap d’Or Pflaume_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

_Dr. Dennis_ (syn. of Dennis), 431

Dronet Damask (syn. of Damas Dronet), 426

Drouth King, 436

Dr. Uff, 436

Dr. Uff Szilvaja, 436

Dry, var. orig. by, 436

Dry Seedling, 436

Dry’s Seedling (syn. of Dry Seedling), 436

_Dschau Erik_ (syn. of Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene), 432

Duane, 196

Duane, James, var. orig. by, 197

Duane’s French Purple, _Large Orleans_, _Large Purple_, or _Purple French_ (syns. of Duane), 196

_Duane’s Purple_ (syn. of Duane, 196; of Peach, 309; of Smith Orleans, 348)

Duboise, var. orig. by, 216

_Duc d’Edinbourg_ (syn. of Duke of Edinburgh), 436

_Duc de Waterloo_ (syn. of Waterloo Pflaume), 561

Duke, 436

Duke of Devonshire, 436

Duke of Edinburgh, 436

Dull, var. orig. by, 433

Dumberline, 436

Dumiron, 437

Dummer, 436

Dummer, var. orig. by, 437

_Dunkelblaue Eierpflaume_ (syn. of Kaiser Wilhelm), 474

Dunkelblaue Kaiserin, 437

Dunlap, 437

Dunlap, J. P., var. orig. by, 437

Dunlap (syn. of Dunlap No. 1), 437

Dunlap (No. 1) (syn. of Dunlap No. 1), 437

Dunlap No. 1, 437

Dunlap No. 2 (syn. of Dunlap), 437

Dunlap’s No. 1 (syn. of Dunlap No. 1), 194

Dunlap’s No. 2 (syn. of Dunlap), 437

Dunlop, W. W., var. orig. by, 499, 500

Dunlop Nut, 437

_Dunlop 53_ (syn. of Raynes), 526

_Dunlop 54_ (syn. of Mount Royal), 500

_Dunmore_, 437

_Dumore_ (syn. of Dunmore), 437

Dupuis, August, var. orig. by, 394

Durand, var. orig. by, 187

Durazen Zwetsche, 437

_Durchscheinende Reineclaude_ (syn. of Transparent), 360

Durchsichtige (syn. of Transparente), 555

Durham, Miss, var. orig. by, 287

_Du Roi_ (syn. of Agen), 138

_Du Roi_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

_Dutch Plum_ or _Plumb_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Dutch Prune_ (syn. of Domine Dull, 433; of German Prune, 219)

_Dutch Quetszen_ (syn. of Domine Dull), 433

Dymond (syn. of Diamond), 191

Eagle, 437

_Earley’s November_ (syn. of Black Bullace), 161

_Earliest of All_ (syn. of Earliest of All), 198

Earliest of All, 198

Early, 437

Early Amber, 437

_Early Apricot_ (syn. of Early Transparent Gage), 440

Early Apricot, 437

Early Apricot Plum (syn. of Early Apricot), 437

_Early Bavay_ (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

_Early Black Damask_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Early Black Morocco_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

Early Blue, 438

_Early Blue_ (syn. of Early Blue), 438

_Early Bradshaw_ (syn. of Gerishes Seedling, 451; of Field, 208)

Early Cherry, 438

Early Cluster, 438

Early Cross, 438

_Early Damask_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Early Damask of Provence_ (syn. of Damas de Provence), 426

_Early Damson_ (syn. of Damson, 186; of Horse, 464; of Morocco, 288; of Winter Damson, 567)

Early Damson (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Early de Tours_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Early Favorite, 438

_Early Favorite_, or _Favourite_ (syns. of Early Favorite), 438

_Early Forcing_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

_Early Fruchtbare_ (syn. of Early Rivers), 200

_Early Genesee_ (syn. of Henrietta Gage), 461

Early Genesee, 438

Early Golden (syn. of Early Golden Drop), 438

Early Golden Drop, 438

Early Green (syn. of Emerald), 442

Early Green Gage? (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

Early Honey, 439

_Early John_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Early Large Black_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

Early Minnesota, 439

Early Mirabelle, 439

_Early Monsieur_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

_Early Morocco_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

Early Normandy, 439

_Early Orleans_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

Early Orleans, 198

Early Pale, 439

Early Pear, 439

Early Perdrigon, 439

_Early Prolific_ (syn. of Early Rivers), 200

_Early Purple_ (syn. of Howell), 465

Early Red, 439, 440

Early Red Primordian (syn. of Red Primordian), 528

Early Red Russian; _Early Red Russian No. 3_ (syns. of Early Red), 440

_Early Rivers_ (syn. of Early Rivers), 200

Early Rivers, 200

Early Royal, 201

_Early Royal_ (syn. of Early Royal), 201

_Early Royal of Nikita_ (syn. of Early Royal of Nikita), 440

Early Royal of Nikita, 440

_Early Russian_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Early Scarlet_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Early Six Weeks (syn. of Six Weeks), 544

Early St. John, 440

Early Tours, 202

_Early Tours_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Early Transparent; _Early Transparent Gage_ (syns. of Early Transparent Gage), 440

Early Transparent Gage, 440

_Early Violet_ (syn. of Early Tours, 202; of Violet, 559)

_Early White Plum_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Early Yellow, 203

_Early Yellow_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Early Yellow Gage, 440

Early Yellow Prune, 440

Eason, 441

Eberly, 441

Eberly’s Plum (syn. of Eberly), 441

Ebert, Madame, var. orig. by, 430

Ebon, 441

_Echte Gelbe Eier Pflaume_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Echte Grosse Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Echte Hafer Pflaume_ or _Zwetsche_ (syns. of Haferpflaume), 458

Eckenholm, M. Brahay, var. orig. by, 408

Ecully, 441

Eddie, 441

Edith, 441

_Edith of Terry_ (syn. of Julia), 473

Edle Early, 441

Edle Frühpflaume (syn. of Edle Early), 441

_Edle Gelbe Eger Pflaume_; _Edle Gelbe Eier Pflaume_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Edle Königs Pflaume_ (syn. of Valienciennes), 558

Edouard Seneclauze, 441

Eggles, 441

_Egg Plum_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Egger’sche Eier Zwetsche_ (syn. of Comte Gustave d’Egger), 422

_Eier Pflaume_ (syn. of Blue Egg, 405; of Yellow Egg, 386)

Eldora, 441

Eldorado, 441

Eldridge, 442

_Elfreth’s Prune_ (syn. of Elfrey), 442

Elfrey, 442

_Elfrey’s Prune_; _Elfry’s Plum_ (syns. of Elfrey), 442

Elisabeth Pflaume, 442

_Elisabeth d’Elsner_ (syn. of Elisabeth Pflaume), 442

Ella, 442

Elliott, quoted, 256

Ellis, 442

Ellwood, 442

Elmore, 442

_El Paso_ (syn. of Beaty), 400

Elsner Grüne Zwetsche, 442

_Elsner’s Elisabeth Pflaume_ (syn. of Elisabeth Pflaume), 442

_Elsner’s Von Gronow Grüne Zwetsche_ (syn. of Elsner Grüne Zwetsche), 442

Elton, 442

Elwood (syn. of Ellwood), 442

Emerald, 442

Emerald Drop, 443

Emerson, 443

_Emerson’s Early_ (syn. of Emerson), 443

Emerson Yellow, 443

Emigrant, 443

Emily May, 443

Emma, 443

Empereur, 443

_Empereur de Mas_ (syn. of Empereur), 443

_Empereur de Sharp_ (syn. of Sharp), 340

_Empereur du Japan_ (syn. of Emperor of Japan), 443

Emperor (syn. of Denbigh, 430; of Goliath, 231)

Emperor of Japan, 443

_Emperor of Japan_ (syn. of Emperor of Japan), 443

Empire, 203

Empire State (syn. of Empire), 203

_Empress_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

Engre, 206

Engle, 443

Englebert, 204

_Englebert_ (syn. of Englebert), 204

Englische Zwetsche (syn. of Large English), 262

_English Orleans_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

English Pond’s Seedling (syn. of Pond), 314

_English Pond’s Seedling_ (syn. of Duane), 196

English Wheat (syn. of Wheat), 563

_English Yellow Gage_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Enkelde Backspruim_; _Enkelde Blackpruim_ (syns. of German Prune), 219

_Epine noire_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

_Erby September_ (syn. of Irby), 468

Esjum Erik, 443

Esperen, 206

Esperen’s Goldpflaume (syn. of Esperen), 206

Esperin, Major, var. orig. by, 156, 207

Essex Bullace, 444

Esslinger Frühzwetsche, 444

Esther, 444

Etendard d’ Angleterre (syn. of Standard), 548

Etopa, 444

Etta, 444

Eugen Fürst; Eugene Fürst (syns. of Fürst Damson), 448

_Eugen Fürsts Frühzwetsche_ (syn. of Furst), 217

Eureka, 444

_Eureka_ (syn. of Wickson), 376

_European Cherry Plum_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Eva, 444

Evelyn, 444

Excelsior, 207

Excelsior Damson, 444

Exoascus, diseases caused by, 127, 128

Fairchild, 444

Fairchild, J. A., var. orig. by, 546

_Fair’s Golden_ or _Golden Drop_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 228

_Farleigh Prolific_ (syn. of Crittenden), 184

Fancy, 445

Fanning, 445

Farleigh (syn. of Crittenden), 184

_Farleigh Castle_ (syn. of Pond), 314

Farleigh Damson (syn. of Crittenden), 184

_Fausse Altesse_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

_Favorite de Buel_ (syn. of Buel), 411

_Favorite de Lawrence_ (syn. of Lawrence), 266

_Favorite d’Howard_ (syn. of Howard), 464

_Favorite Hâtive_, Précoce, _Précoce de Rivers_ (syns. of Early Favorite), 438

Favorite Pourpre (syn. of Purple Favorite), 521

Fawn, 445

_Feine Damascene_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

Feine Und Gute (syn. of Fine Bonté), 445

Fell, quoted, 387

_Fellemberg_ (syn. of German Prune, 219; of Italian Prune, 253)

_Fellenberg_; _Fellenberg Quetsche_; _Fellenberger Zwetsche_; _Fellenburg_; _Feltemberg_ (syns. of Italian Prune), 253

Femmons, Frank, var. orig. by, 445

Femmonzi, 445

_Fertheringham_ (syn. of Belgian Purple), 157

Fertile Bleue (syn. of Blue Prolific), 406

_Fertile Précoce_ (syn. of Early Rivers), 200

Fertilizers, use and value of, 121, 122

Field, 207

Field Marshall, 445

Figue Grosse Rouge, 445

Figue Grose Rouge (syn. of Red Date), 322

_Figue Grosse Rouge_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

Fin de Siecle, 445

Fine Bonté, 445

Fine Early Plum, 445

Firba Königspflaume, 445

Firbas Frühe Schuttenhoferin, 446

First, 446

First Best, 446

First Sweet, 446

Fisher, J. E., var. orig. by, 365

Fitze, Charles G., var. orig. by, 274

Fitzhugh, William, quoted, 85

Fitzroy, 446

Flora Plena, 446

_Florence_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

_Flotows Allerfrüheste Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle de Flotow), 497

Fluke, N. K., var. orig. by, 394, 429, 477

Flushing Bulleis, 446

_Flushing Gage_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

Foderingham; Foderingham Plum (syns. of Fotheringham), 212

_Foliage Plum_ (syn. of Vesuvius), 559

_Fondante Noire_ (syn. of Frühe Leipziger Damascene), 448

_Fonthill_ (syn. of Pond), 314

Foote, 446

Foote, Asahel, var. orig. by, 440, 446

_Foote’s Early Orleans_ (syn. of Foote), 446

Foote Golden Gage, 446

Forest Garden, 209

Forest Rose, 210

Forest Rose Improved, 447

Forewattamie, 447

Formosa, 447

Forward Damask, 447

Fotheringay (syn. of Fotheringham), 212

Fotheringham, 212

_Fourth of July_ (syn. of Lovett), 486

_Fourth of July_ (syn. of Marble), 490

_Francfort Peach_; Frankfurter Pfirschen Zwetsche (syns. of Frankfort Peach), 447

Frankfort Peach, 447

_Frankfurter Pflaume_ (syn. of Rudolph), 536

Frankland, Thomas, var. orig. by, 396

Franklin, 447

_Franklin_ (syn. of Washington), 368

Fraser, 447

Fraser, John, var. orig. by, 447

Fraser’s Early Yellow (syn. of Fraser), 447

_Frauendorfer Frühe Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Précoce De Frauendorf), 524

Freeman, 212, 447

Freeman, var. orig. by, 212

Freeman’s Favorite (syn. of Freeman), 447

_Free Silver_ (syn. of Terry), 552

Freestone, 213, 447, 448.

_Freestone Damson_ (syn. of Freestone), 213

Freestone Goose, 448

Freestone Quetsche, 448

French, 214

_French_ (syn. of Agen), 138

_French Apricot_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_French Copper_ (syn. of Copper), 183

_French Damson_ (syn. of French), 214

_French Orleans_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

_French Prune_ (syn. of Agen), 138

_French Royal_ (syn. of Royal), 534

_French St. Julien_ (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

_Freudenberger Früh Pflaume_ (syn. of Précoce de Freudenberg), 517

_Friars_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

_Friar’s Plum_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

Friedheim Damascene, 448

_Friedheim’s Rote Früh Damascene_ (syn. of Friedheim Damascene), 448

Fritze Herrnpflaume, 448

Frogmore, 215

Frogmore Damson; Frogmore Prolific Damson (syns. of Frogmore), 215

Froment American (syn. of American Wheat), 395

Frost Gage, 216

_Frost Plum_ (syn. of Frost Gage, 216; of White Damson, 374)

Frostproof, 448

_Frühe Aprikosenpflaume_ (syn. of Early Apricot), 437

Frühe Dattelzwetsche (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Frühe Englische Zwetsche, 448

_Frühe Fruchtbare_ (syn. of Early Rivers), 200

_Frühe Gelbe Kaiser Pflaume_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Frühe Gelbe Kaiser Pflaume_ (syn. of Frühe Gelbe Reine Claude), 448

Frühe Gelbe Reine Claude, 448

_Frühe Gelbe Reine Claude_ (syn. of Transparente), 555

_Frühe Gemeine Zwetsche_ (syn. of Wahre Frühzwetsche), 560

_Frühe Grosse Schwarze Pflaume_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

Frühe Grüne Zwetsche, 448

_Frühe Haus Zwetsche_ (syn. of Wahre Frühzwetsche), 560

_Frühe Herrnpflaume_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

_Frühe Herrn Pflaume_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

Frühe Herrnpflaume (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

_Frühe Herrnpflaume_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

_Frühe Herzogspflaume_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

_Frühe Königspflaume_ (syn. of Royale Hâtive de Liegel), 535

_Frühe Königspflaume von Nikita_ (syn. of Early Royal of Nikita), 440

Frühe Leipziger Damascene, 448

_Frühe Nikitaer Königspflaume_ (syn. of Early Royal of Nikita), 440

_Frühe Platte Damascene_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Frühe Reine-Claude_ (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

Früher Perdrigon; Früher Violetter Perdrigon (syns. of Early Perdrigon), 439

_Frühe Schwarze Pflaume_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

Frühe Schwarze Pflaume (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Frühe Treibzwetsche_; _Frühe Treib Zwetsche_ (syns. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Frühe von Bergthold (syn. of Early Mirabelle), 439

_Frühe Weisse Aprikosenpflaume_ (syn. of Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene), 432

_Frühe Zwetsche_ (syn. of Wahre Frühzwetsche), 560

_Früh Zwetsche_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

_Frühzwetsche mit Silberblatt_ (syn. of Quetsche à feuille argentée), 523

_Frühzwetsche von Buhlerthal_ (syn. of Quetsche Précoce de Buhlerthal), 524

Fuller, 448

Fuller’s Egg (syn. of Fuller), 448

Fulton, 448

Funk, 448

Funk, J. M., var. orig. by, 448

Funk’s Early (syn. of Funk), 448

Furst, 217

Fürst Damson, 448

_Fürstenzeller Pflaume_; _Fürstenzeller Reine-Claude_ (syns. of Red Apricot), 321

_Fürsten Zwetsche_; _Fürstenzwetsche_ (syns. of Imperatrice), 249

Fürst’s Damson (syn. of Fürst Damson), 448

Fürst’s Frühzwetsche (syn. of Furst), 217

_Furugiya_ (syn. of Chabot), 172

Gabriel Combes, 449

_Gage Verte_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Galbraith, 449

Galbraith, var. orig. by, 449

Gale, 449

Galena, 449

_Gale Seedling_ (syn. of Gale), 449

_Gale’s No. 3_ (syn. of Gale), 449

Gallesio, quoted, 28

Galopin, 449

Galopin, M., var. orig. by, 564

Garden King, 449

Garfield, 449

Garlick, 450

Garlick’s Early (syn. of Garlick), 450

_Garnet_ (syn. of Occident), 295

Garnet, 450

Garriel, var. orig. by, 351

_Garten Pflaume_ or _Zwetsche_ (syns. of Quetsche Maraichère), 524

Gates, 450

Gaunt, 450

Gaviota, 450

Gaylord, 450

Gaylord, Edson, var. orig. by, 395, 453

Gaylord Gold, 450

_Gelbe Apricosenartige Pflaume_; Gelbe Aprikosenpflaume; _Gelbe Dauphins_ (syns. of Apricot), 148

_Gelbe Catharinenpflaume_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

Gelbe Damascener Pflaume, 450

_Gelbe Eger Pflaume_; _Gelbe Egg_; _Gelbe Eierpflaume_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Gelbe frühe Pflaume_; _Gelbe Frühzeitige_ (syns. of Early Yellow), 203

_Gelbe Frühzwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Jaune Précoce), 524

Gelbe Herrn Pflaume (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

Gelbe Jerusalempflaume, 450

_Gelbe Katharinenpflaume_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

Gelbe Kirschpflaume, 450

_Gelbe Malonke_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Gelbe Marunke_ (syn. of Weisse Kaiserin, 563; of Yellow Egg, 386)

_Gelbe Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Gelber Bidling_ (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451

_Gelbe Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Gelbe Reneclode Mit Gefullter Bluthe_ (syn. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

Gelbe Spatzwetsche, 451

_Gelbe Ungarische Eier Pflaume_; _Gelbe Ungarische Eyerpflaume_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

Gem, 451

_Gemeine Hauszwetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling, 451

_Gemeine Zwetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

General Brock (syn. of Brock), 410

Gen. Hand; _General Hand_; Genl. Hand (syns. of Hand), 239

_General Jackson_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Gentleman, 451

Georgeson, 217

Georgeson, C. C., quoted, 55

_Georg IV_ (syn. of Rigny), 532

Georgia, 451

Geperlte Mirabelle (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Gerard, quoted, 162

Gerishes Seedling, 451

_German Gage_ (syn. of Bleeker), 163

German Plum (syn. of German Prune), 219

German Prune, 219

_German Prune_ (syn. of Domine Dull, 433; of German Prune, 219; of Italian Prune, 253)

_German Prune Seedling_ (syn. of Mankato), 489

_German Quetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Gersepflaume, 451

Geuii (syn. of Gueii), 234

Ghiston, 451

Ghiston’s Early (syn. of Ghiston), 451

Giant, 222

_Giant Prune_ (syn. of Giant), 222

Gibb, Charles, var. orig. by, 395, 483

Gibson, 451

Gibson, W. L., var. orig. by, 451

Gideon, Peter M., var. orig. by, 470

Gifford, var. introduced by, 261

Gifford’s Lafayette (syn. of Lafayette), 261

Gill, 451

_Gillett_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Gisborne, 451

_Gisborne’s_; _Gisborne’s Early_; _Gisborne’s Zwetsche_ (syns. of Gisborne), 451

Glaister, 452

_Glanzende Gelbe Mirabelle_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

Glass, 223

Glass, Alexander, var. orig. by, 224

_Glass Seedling_ (syn. of Glass), 223

Gloire de Louveciennes, 452

_Gloire de New York_ (syn. of Hulings), 245

_Gloire de Schöneberg_ (syn. of Belle de Schöneberg), 401

Gloire d’Epinay, 452

Gloria, 452

Gloucestershire Violet, 452

Glow, 452

_Gluhende Kohle_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

G. No. 4, 452

G. No. 44 Jones (unpublished) (syn. of G. No. 4), 452

Goff, 452

Goff, Emmett Stull, life of, 355-356

Gold, 452

_Gold_ (syn. of Golden), 224

Gold Coin, 453

Gold Colored, 453

Golden, 224

Golden (syn. of Golden Prune), 453

Golden (syn. of Gold), 452

Golden Beauty, 226

Golden Cherry, 228

Golden Cherry Plum (syn. of Golden Cherry), 228

Golden Cluster, 453

Golden Drop, 228

_Golden Drop_; _Golden Drop Plum_; _Golden Gage_ (syns. of Golden Drop), 228

_Golden Esperen_ (syn. of Esperen), 206

Golden Esperen Plum (syn. of Esperen), 206

Golden Gage, 453

_Golden Gage Lawson_ (syn. of Lawson), 482

Golden Gem, 453

Golden Prolific, 453

Golden Prune, 453

Golden Queen, 453

Golden Transparent, 453

_Gold Pflaume_; _Goldfarbige Pflaume_ (syns. of Drap d’Or), 194

Goldsmith, 454

Goldsmith’s Vienna (syn. of Goldsmith), 454

_Goldstoff_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

_Goldzeng_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

_Goliath_ (syn. of Goliath, 231; of Nectarine, 291)

Goliath, 231

Gondin, 454

Gonne, 454

Gonne, Dr., var. orig. by, 454

_Gonne’s Green Gage_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

Gonne’s Rothe Pflaume (syn. of Gonne), 454

_Gonzales_ (syn. of Gonzales), 232

Gonzales, 232

Goose-Dye, 454

Goose-O, 454

Goose Plum, 59

Gordon, 454

Gordon, J. K., var. orig. by, 410, 564

Gordon Castle, 454

_Gordon No. 3_ (syn. of Gordon), 454

_Goring’s Golden Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Gorman, 454

Gorrie, Archibald, var. orig. by, 482

Gough, quoted, 164

Goutte d’Or, 228; _Goutte d’Or de Coe_, 229 (syns. of Golden Drop)

_Goutte d’Or Violette_ (syn. of Coe Violet), 420

Goutte Emeraude (syn. of Emerald Drop), 443

Govalle, 454

Grace, 454

Grace, W. R., var. orig. by, 454

_Graf Althann’s Reine-Claude_; _Graf Althan’s Reine-Claude_ (syns. of Altham), 141

Graf Gustav von Egger (syn. of Comte Gustave d’Egger), 422

_Grand-Duc_ (syn. of Grand Duke), 233

Grand Duke, 233

Grand Précoce, 454

Graugrüne Frühpflaume, 455

Gray, quoted, 99

Gray Damask, 455

Grayson, 455

Great Bearer, 455

_Great Damask Violet of Tours_ (syn. of Gros Damas de Tours), 456

Great Date (syn. of Date), 428

_Great Green Damask_; _Great Green Damaski_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Great Imperial Plum_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Great Mogul (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Great Plum of Tours; Great Violet Damask de Tours; Great Violet Tours Damask (syns. of Gros Damas de Tours), 456

_Great Queen Claudia_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Great Whitton_ (syn. of Wheat), 563

Greeley (syn. of Greely), 455

Greely, 455

Greely, Captain Eliphalet, var. orig. by, 455

Green Damask (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Greene, quoted, 77

Greenfield, 455

Greenfield, var. orig. by, 455

Green Gage (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Green Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude Group), 27

Green Indian, 455

Green Italian, 455

Green Oysterly, 455

Green Perdrigon, 455

Green Pescod, 455

_Green Spanish_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Gregoire, M., var. orig. by, 412

Grelck, John, var. orig. by, 455

Grelck, 455

Gridley, var. orig. by, 553

Griesa, A. H., var. orig. by, 512

_Grimwood Early Orleans_; _Grimwood’s Early Orleans_ (syns. of Early Orleans), 198

Groot, S. C., var. introduced by, 320

Gros Damas; _Gros Damas de Tours_; _Gros Damas Violet de Tours_ (syns. of Gros Damas de Tours), 456

_Gros Damas Blanc_ (syn. of Large White Damson), 480

Gros Damas de Tours (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Gros Damas de Tours, 456

Gros Damas Noir, 456

_Gros Damas rouge tardif_ (syn. of Late Red Damask), 481

_Gros Damas Vert_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Gros Luisante_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Gros Prune_ (syn. of Pond), 314

Gros Reine-Claude (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Gros Rouge de Septembre_ (syn. of Belle), 158

_Gros Saint-Julien_ (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

_Gros-Damas Blanc_ (syn. of Diel Grosse Weisse Damascene), 432

_Grosse à sécher de Knight_ (syn. of Large Green Drying), 479

_Grosse Blaue Eier Pflaume_ (syn. of Blue Egg), 405

_Grosse Blaue Zwetsche Von der Worms_ (syn. of Zwetsche Von der Worms), 572

_Grosse Damascene von Tours_ (syn. of Gros Damas de Tours), 456

Grosse Datte (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Grosse De Cooper (syn. of Cooper), 423

_Grosse Englische Pflaumen Zwetsche_; _Grosse Englische Zwetsche_ (syns. of Large English), 262

_Grosse Früh Pflaume_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

_Grosse Früh Zwetsche_ (syn. of Hungarian, 246; of Italian Prune, 253; of Red Magnum Bonum, 325)

_Grosse Gelbe Dattel Pflaume_; Grosse Gelbe Dattel Zwetsche (syns. of Weisse Kaiserin), 563

_Grosse Gelbe Eier Pflaume_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Grosse German Prune_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Grosse Glanzende_; _Grosse Glanzende Alberts Pflaume_; _Grosse Glanzende Pflaume_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Grosse Grüne Pflaume_ (syn. of Isle-Verte), 470

_Grosse Grüne Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Grosse Hâtive de Rodt, 456

_Grosse Hâtive de Rodt_ (syn. of Rodt Frühe Grosse Pflaumenzwetsche), 533

_Grosse Hauspflaume_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Grosse Königin Claudiapflaume (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Grosse-Luisante_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Grosse Marange, 456

_Grosse Maronke_; _Grosse Marouk_; _Grosse Marunke_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Grosse Mirabelle_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

_Grosse Mirabelle Drap d’Or_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

_Grosse noir de Montreuil_; Grosse Noire hâtive (syns. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

_Grosse Prune Blanche_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Grosse Prune d’Agen_ (syn. of Pond), 314

_Grosse prune d’Inde rouge_ (syn. of Indian), 468

Grosse Prunelle Nouvelle (syn. of New Large Bullace), 503

Grosse Quetsche De Dorell; _Grosse Quetsche Nouvelle_ (syns. of Dorell), 434

_Grosse Reine_; _Grosse Reine-Claude_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Grosse Reine-Claude Verte De Berlepsch (syn. of Berlepsch), 402

Grosse Rosspauke, 456

_Grosse Rote Feigen Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

_Grosse rouge de Cooper_ (syn. of Cooper), 423

Grosse Schwarze Kaiser Pflaume (syn. of Bradshaw), 166

Grosse Surpasse, 456

_Grosse u. Lange Früh Zwetsche_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Grosse Ungarische Zwetsche_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Grosse Violette de Grugliasco, 456

_Grosse Weisse Glanzende_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Grosse Zuckerzwetsche (syn. of Large Sugar Prune), 480

_Grosse Zwetsche_ (syn. of Large English), 262

Grossherzog’s Pflaume (syn. of Grand Duke), 233

_Groundacre_ (syn. of Gundaker Prune), 457

_Grove House Purple_ (syn. of Fotheringham), 212

_Grüne Abrikose_ or _Aprikose_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Grüne Dattelzwetsche (syn. of Grüne Dattel Zwetsche), 456

Grüne Dattel Zwetsche, 456

_Grüne Eierpflaume_ (syn. of Quetsche Verte D’Italie), 525

Grüne Herzformige, 456

_Grüne Inselpflaume_ (syn. of Isle-Verte), 470

_Grüne Insel Pflaume_ (syn. of Grüne Dattel Zwetsche), 456

_Grüne Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle Verte), 497

_Grüne Reineclaude_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Grüne Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Verte D’Italie), 525

Grüne Zwetsche Von Monrepos, 456

_Grünliche Dattel Pflaume von Besançon_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Gueii, 234

_Gueii_; _Guii_ (syns. of Gueii), 234

Guilford No. 2, 456

Guimaraen, 457

Guinea Egg, 457

Gundaker, 457

Gundaker, Samuel E., var. orig. by, 457

Gundaker Prune, 457

_Gus Erik_ (syn. of Nikitaer Blaue Frühzwetsche), 504

_Gute Grüne_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Gute Kathe_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

Guthries Taybank (syn. of Taybank), 551

Guthrie, Charles, var. orig. by, 236, 397, 457, 551

Guthrie Apricot, 457

Guthrie Green (syn. of Guthrie Late), 236

Guthrie Late, 236

Guthrie Russet, 457

Guthrie Topaz, 457

_Guthrie’s Apricot_; Guthrie’s Apricot Plum; _Guthrie’s Golden_; Guthrie’s New Apricot (syns. of Guthrie Apricot), 457

_Guthrie’s Aunt Ann_ (syn. of Aunt Ann), 397

_Guthrie’s Late Green_; Guthrie’s Minette (syns. of Guthrie Late), 236

_Guthrie’s Russet_ (syn. of Guthrie Russet), 457

_Guthrie’s Topaz_ (syn. of Guthrie Topaz), 457

Gwalsh, 457

_Gweii_ (syn. of Gueii), 234

Haag, 458

_Haber Pflaume_ (syn. of Damson), 186

Hackl, Prof. Pater, var. orig. by, 217

Hackl Grosse Zwetsche, 458

Haferpflaume, 458

_Hafer Schlehe_ (syn. of Damson), 186

_Haferkrieche_ (syn. of Damas Rouge Hâtif), 427

Haffner Herbstpflaume, 458

Haffner Königspflaume, 458

Hagaman, var, orig. by, 235

_Hahnenhode_ (syn. of Nikitaer Hahnenpflaume), 504

Hakluyt, quoted, 164

Haku Botan, 458

Hale, 236

_Hale_ (syn. of Late Blood), 480

Hallenbeck, 458

Hallenbeck, Henry, var. orig. by, 458

Halcyon, 458

Hammer, 238

Hammond, quoted, 75

_Hampton Court_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

Hancock, Thomas, var. orig. by, 457

Hand, 239

Hand, General, var. orig. by, 240

Hanford, 458

Hanford’s Orleans (syn. of Hanford), 458

Hanska, 458

Hanson, 458

Hanson, N. E., quoted, 116, 117; var. orig. by, 417, 419, 444, 458, 468, 474, 489, 509, 539, 544, 561, 567, 571

Happiness, 458

Hardow, P. L., var. orig. by, 296

Hare, Thomas, var. orig. by, 209

Harlow, 458

Harlow, S. C., var. orig. by, 458

Harney, 459

Harper, 459

Harper (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

Harper’s (syn. of Harper), 459

Harriet, 241, 459

Harris, 459

Harrison, 459

_Harrison’s Peach_ (syn. of Harrison), 459

Hart, 459

Hart, H., var. orig. by, 459

_Hart Prune_ (syn. of Bradshaw), 166

_Hart’s De Soto_ (syn. of Hart), 459

Hartwick, 459

Hartwiss, 459

_Hartwiss Gelbe Zwetsche_; Hartwiss Yellow Prune (syns. of Hartwiss), 459

Harvest, 460

_Harvest Gage_ (syn. of Yellow Gage), 388

Hathen’s Red Gage (syn. of Altham), 141

_Hâtive d’Augny_ (syn. of Grosse Marange), 456

_Hâtive de Tours_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Hattan_; Hattankin No. 2; _Hattonkin_; _Hattonkin No. 2_; _Hattankio_; _Hattankio No. 2_; _Hattankio Oblong_; _Hytan-Kayo_; _Hytankio_ (syns. of Kerr), 259

_Hattankin No. 1_ (syn. of Georgeson), 218

_Hattonkin_ (syn. of Georgeson), 218

_Hattankio_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

_Hattonkin No. 1_ (syn. of Georgeson), 218

_Hattankio_ (syn. of Georgeson), 218

_Hattankio_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

_Hattankio_ (syn. of Kelsey), 258

_Hattankio No. 1_ (syn. of Georgeson), 218

Hattie, 460

_Hauptmann Kirchhof’s Pflaume_ (syn. of Capitaine Kirchhof), 414

_Hauspflaume_; _Hauszwetsche_ (syns. of German Prune), 219

Hawkeye, 242

Hayden, E. L., var. orig. by, 441

Hayo-Simoni, 460

Hazard, 460

Hazelton, D. C., var. orig. by, 140

Heaton, 460

Hector, 460

Heep, 460

Heideman, C. W. H., var. orig. by, 294, 415

_Heideman Sand Cherry_ (syn. of Compass), 182

Heikes, 460

Heine Superbe, 460

Helen, 460

Helen’s Seedling (syn. of Helen), 460

Hendrick, 460

Hendrick’s (syn. of Hendrick), 460

_Henrietta Gage_ (syn. of Henrietta Gage), 461

Henrietta Gage, 461

Henry Clay, 461

Herbst Kriecke, 461

Herbstpflaume, 461

_Herbstpflaume_ (syn. of Prune d’Automne), 520

Herbst Reine Claude (syn. of Autumn Gage), 398

Hereford Damson, 461

Herefordshire Prune, 461

Heron, 461

Heroy, 461

Herren, 461

_Herrnpflaume_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

_Herrenhäuser Blaue Eier Pflaume_ (syn. of Large Sugar Prune), 480

Herrnhauser Doppelte Mirabelle (syn. of Mirabelle Double de Herrenhausen), 497

Herzformige Pflaume, 461

_Herzog von Orleans_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

Heupflaume, 461

_Herr Pflaume_ (syn. of Frühe Grüne Zwetsche), 448

Hiawatha, 461

_Hick’s large Egg?_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Higginson, Francis, quoted, 20, 93

Highland, 461

Highlander, 462

Hilda No. 5, 462

Hillside, 462

Hilltop, 462

Hilman, 462

Hinckley, M. E., var. orig. by, 490, 515

_Hinckley_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Hinkley, 462

Hlubeck Aprikosenpflaume, 462

Hoag’s Seedling, 462

Hoffman, 462

Hoffman, Ernest, var. orig. by, 533

Hofinger Mirabelle, 462

_Hofinger’s Rote Mirabelle_ (syn. of Hofinger Mirabelle), 462

Hog, 462

Hogg, John A., quoted, 200, 260, 363, 364, 432; var. orig. by, 432

Hog Plum, 59

_Hoheitspflaume_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

_Hoheits Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Holister_ (syn. of Hollister), 463

Holister, var. orig. by, 463

Holland, 462, 463

_Holland Plum_; _Holland Prune_ (syns. of Holland), 462

Hollister, 463

Holman, D. S., var. orig. by, 463

Holman Prune, 463

Holme, 463

Holmes Early Blue (syn. of Holme), 463

Holt, B. J., var. orig. by, 463

Holt, 463

Holton, Warren, var. orig. by, 442

Homestead, 463

Honey, 463

_Honey Drop_ (syn. of Golden Beauty), 226

_Honey Grove_ (syn. of Sanders), 538

Honey Julian, 463

_Honsmomo_ (syn. of Berger, 160; of Satsuma, 337)

Hon-smomo (syn. of Chabot), 172

Hoo Green Gage, 463

Hooker, quoted, 37

Hoosier, 463

Horemoritzer Reine Claude, 463

Horrigan, 463

Horse, 464

_Horse Gage_ (syn. of Horse Jag), 464

Horse Jag, 464

Horse Plum, 59

_Horse Plum_ (syn. of Horse), 464

Hoskins, 464

Hoskins, var. orig. by, 464

Houston County, 464

Hovey, C. M., quoted, 167, 229

How, Hall J., var. orig. by, 464

Howard, 464

_Howard’s Favorite_ (syn. of Howard), 464

Howe, 464

Howell, 465

Howell’s Early (syn. of Howell), 465

_Howell’s Large_ (syn. of Nectarine, 291; of Peach, 309)

_Howel’s_ (syn. of Nectarine), 291

How Amber, 464

How’s Amber (syn. of How Amber), 464

Hoyo Smomo, 465

Hoyt, R. D., var. orig. by, 446

H. T. S. 84,761, 465

Huankume, 465

Hudson, 243

Hudson, quoted, 93

_Hudson_; _Hudson Gage_; _Hudson’s gelbe Frühpflaume_ (syns. of Hudson Gage), 465

Hudson Gage, 465

Hudson River Purple; _Hudson River Purple Egg_ (syns. of Hudson), 243

Hughes, 465

_Hughes Late_ (syn. of Tecumseh), 552

Hulings, 245

_Huling’s Reine Claude_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Huling’s Reine-Claudia_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Huling’s Superb_ (syn. of Hulings), 245

Hungarian, 245

_Hungarian_ (syn. of Pond), 314

Hungarian (syn. of Ungarish), 361

Hungarian Date (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Hungarian Musk Prune, 465

Hungarian No. 1, 465

Hungarian No. 2, 466

_Hungarian Plum_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Hungarian Prune (syn. of Hungarian, 246; of Pond, 314; of Ungarish, 361)

Hungarica (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Hungary (syn. of Ungarish), 361

Hunn, 466

Hunt, 466

Hunt, Henry, var. orig. by, 466

Hunt, R. A., var. orig. by, 491

Hunt De Soto, 466

Hunt’s De Soto (syn. of Hunt De Soto), 466

_Hyacinth_; _Hyacinthe Pflaume_ (syns. of Jacinthe), 471

_Hytankayo_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

_Hytankayo_ (syn. of Chabot), 172

_Hytankayo_ (syn. of Red June), 324

_Hytan-Kayo_ (syn. of Kerr), 259

_Hytankio_ (syn. of Kerr), 259

Ickworth, 247

_Ickworth Imperatrice_ (syn. of Ickworth), 247

Ida, 466

_Ida Gage_; _Ida Green Gage_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Ida Green Gage, 466

_Idal_ (syn. of Idall), 466

Idall, 466

_Idol_ (syn. of Idall), 466

_Ienua_ (syn. of Date), 428

_Ilevert_; _Ile Vert_; _Ile vert_; _Ille verte_; _Illvert_ (syns. of Isle-Verte), 470

_Illinois Ironclad_ (syn. of Ironclad), 469

_Illinois Plum_ (syn. of Langsdon), 479

Impératrice, 248

_Impératrice_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Impératrice_; Impératrice Blue; _Impératrice Violette_ (syns. of Impératrice), 249

_Impératrice Blanche_ (syn. of White Impératrice), 375

Impératrice group, 33

_Impératrice Ickworth_ (syn. of Ickworth), 247

_Impératrice Jaune_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

Impératrice Jckworth (syn. of Ickworth), 247

_Impératrice Violette_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Impératrice Violette Grosse_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Imperial_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Imperial, 466

_Imperial Blanc_; _Imperiale Blanche_; (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Imperial de Sharp_ (syn. of Sharp, 340; of Victoria, 363)

_Imperial Diadem_; _Imperial Diademe_ (syns. of Red Diaper), 323

_Imperial Jaune_ (syn. of Weisse Kaiserin), 563

Imperial Epineuse, 250

Imperial Epineux (syn. of Imperial Epineuse), 250

Imperial Gage, 251

_Imperial Gage_ (syn. of Washington), 368

_Imperial Gage_; _Imperial Green Gage_ (syns. of Imperial Gage), 251

_Imperial jaune_ (syn. of Yellow Imperial), 569

_Imperiall_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Imperial Ottoman, 467

_Imperial Ottoman_ (syn. of Imperial Ottoman), 467

Imperial Purple, 467

_Imperial Purple_ (syn. of Imperial Purple), 467

_Imperial Rouge_; _Imperial Violet_ (syns. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Imperial Violet, 467

Imperial Washington, 467

_Impériale_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Impériale Alexandrina, 466

Impériale à Petit Fruit Violet (syn. of Imperial Violet), 467

_Impériale Blanche_ (syn. of Quetsch, Dr. Létricourt, 524; of Yellow Egg, 386)

_Impériale de Mann_ (syn. of Brandy Gage), 408

Impériale de Milan, 467

_Impériale Ottomane_ (syn. of Imperial Ottoman), 467

Imperiale de Sharp (syn. of Sharp), 340

Impériale de Turquie (syn. of Imperial Ottoman), 467

_Impériale Hâtive_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

Impériale jaune (syn. of Yellow Imperial), 569

_Impériale Rouge_; _Impériale Violette_ (syns. of Red Magnum Bonum), 325

_Impériale Violette_ (syn. of Violet Imperial), 559

Impériale Violette à feuilles panachees (syn. of Imperial Violet), 467

Improved French Prune, 467

Incomparable, 467

Incomparable de Lucombe (syn. of Lucombe), 271

_Incomparable Prune_ (syn. of Incomparable), 467

Indian, 468

Indian Chief, 468

Indiana, 468

_Indiana Red_ (syn. of Indiana), 468

Infertility, causes of, in plums, 110-112

Inkpa, 468

_Inselpflaume Grüne_ (syn. of Isle-Verte), 470

Iola, 468

Iona, 468

Iowa, 468

Iowa Beauty, 468

Irby, 468

Irby September (syn. of Irby), 468

Ireland, 469

Ireland Golden, 469

Ireland’s Golden Gage (syn. of Ireland Golden), 469

Ireland’s Seedling (syn. of Ireland), 469

Irene, 469

Iris, 469

_Irish Horse Plum_ (syn. of Horse), 464

Ironclad, 469

Iroquois, 469

_Irving’s Bolmar_ or _Bolmer_ (syns. of Washington), 368

Isaac, 469

_Isabel_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Isabella, 469

_Isle Vert_; Isle Verte (syns. of Isle-Verte), 470

Isle-Verte, 469

_Isleworth Green Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Italian Damask, 470

_Italian Damask_ (syn. of Morocco, 288; of Orleans, 302)

_Italian Guetsche_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

_Italianische blanc Zwetsche_, _blaue Zwetsche_, _Zwetsche_; _Italian Prune_ or _Quetsche_; _Italienische Zwetsche_ (syns. of Italian Prune), 253

Italienische Damascene (Diel’s), 470

Italienische Damascene (Liegel’s), 470

_Italienische Blaue Zwetsche_ or _Pflaumen Zwetsche_ (syns. of Italian Prune), 253

Italian Prune, 252

_Italienische Grüne Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Verte D’Italie), 525

Itasca (syn. of Aitkin), 140

Itasca, 470

Itaska (syn. of Itasca), 470

Ithaca, 470

Ivason, 470

Ives, 470

Ives, J. M., var. orig. by, 470

Ives Damson (syn. of Ives), 470

_Ive’s Seedling_ (syn. of Ives), 470

_Ive’s Washington_ (syn. of Ives), 470

Ives’ Washington Seedling (syn. of Ives), 470

Jacinthe (syn. of Jacinthe), 471

Jacinthe, 471

_Jackson?_ (syn. of Rigny, 532; of Washington, 368)

Jacob, 471

_Jacobi Zwetsche_ (syn. of Large Sugar Prune), 480

_Jahns Gelbe Jerusalems-Pflaume_ (syn. of Yellow Jerusalem), 569

_Jahn’s Jerusalems Pflaume_ (syn. of Yellow Jerusalem), 569

_Jakobs Pflaume_ (syn. of Damson), 186

James Vick (syn. of Vick), 559

Jamin, var. orig. by, 187

Japan Blood Plum (syn. of Satsuma), 337

Japanese Plum Seedling, 471

Japanese Seedling X (syn. of Japex), 255

_Japan Hybrid No. 3_ (syn. of Ames), 144

Japan No. 1, 471

Japan No. 3, 471

Japan Hybrid No. 2 (a), 471

Japan Hybrid No. 2 (b), 471

Japex, 255

Jap No. 4, 471

Jaspisartige Pflaume, 471

_Jaune de Bleeker_ (syn. of Bleeker), 163

_Jaune de Catalogne_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Jaune de Jerusalem_ (syn. of Gelbe Jerusalempflaume), 450

_Jaune de Monsieur_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

_Jaune de Reizenstein_ (syn. of Reizenstein Yellow Prune), 531

Jaune d’Este, 471

_Jaune Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Jaune précoce_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Jaune Tardive, 471

Jaune Tres Hâtive Baboud, 471

_Jckworth Imperatrice_ (syn. of Ickworth), 247

Jean d’Este (syn. of Jaune d’Este), 471

_Jean Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Jean Morceau, 472

_Jean Morceau_ (syn. of Stoneless), 353

_Jean White_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Jefferson, 255

_Jemmy Moore_ (syn. of Denbigh), 430

Jenkins, J. H. G., var. orig. by, 448

_Jenkin’s Imperial_ (syn. of Nectarine, 291; of Peach, 309)

_Jenkinson’s Imperial_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

Jennie Lucas, 472

Jerusalem, 472

_Jerusalem_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Jerusalem Jaune_ (syn. of Yellow Jerusalem), 569

Jessie, 472

Jewell, 472

_J_ (syn. of Hale), 237

_J. B. Rue_ (syn. of Rue), 536

J. H. Rue, 472

Jodoigne, 472

Jodoigne Green Gage (syn. of Jodoigne), 472

Joe Hooker, 473

Johannispflaume (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

John A, 473

Johnny Roe, 473

_John’s Gelbe Jerusalems-Pflaume_ (syn. of Yellow Jerusalem), 569

Johnson, Franklin, var. orig. by, 548

Johnson, J. E., var. orig. by, 362

Jones, 473

Jones, Herbert A., var. orig. by, 452

Jones, Mrs. Owen, var. orig. by, 473

Jones Late, 473

Jordan, F., var. orig. by, 473

Jordan Seedling, 473

Josselyn, John, quoted, 20

J. Parks, 473

Judson, 473

Juicy, 257

Julia, 473

Julian, 473

Julien Gros à Feuilles Panachees, 473

Juli Reine-Claude; _Julius Reine-Claude_ (syns. of July Green Gage), 474

July Fourth, 473

July Green Gage, 473

_July Green Gage_ (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

Jumelles, 474

Jumelles de Liegel, 474

_Jumelles de Liegel_ (syn. of Jumelles de Liegel), 474

Kaga, 474

_Kaiser Von Japan_ (syn. of Emperor of Japan), 443

Kaiser Wilhelm, 474

Kalm, Peter, quoted, 20

Kampeska, 474

Kanawha, 474

_Karl Koch’s Königs Pflaume_ (syn. of Koch Königspflaume), 477

Kazan, 474

_Keindl’s Violette Königspflaume_ (syn. of Royale Violette de Keindl), 535

Keindt, 475

Keindt’s Frühdamascene (syn. of Keindt), 475

Keindt’s Violette Königspflaume (syn. of Royale Violette de Keindl), 535

Keith, 475

_Keiser_ (syn. of Hulings), 245

Kelley, 475

Kelbalan, 475

Kelmyro, 475

Kelroba, 475

Kelsaw, 475

Kelsey, 258

Kelsey No. 1 (syn. of Kelmyro), 475

Kelsey No. 2 (syn. of Kelroba), 475

Kelsey No. 3 (syn. of Kelbalan), 475

Kelsey Prune, 475

Kelsey’s Japan (syn. of Kelsey), 258

Kelso, 475

Kenellan, 475

Kennedy Red, 475

_Kensington Prune_ (syn. of Holland), 462

Kent, 475

_Kentish Bush_ (syn. of Kent), 476

Kentish Diamond (syn. of Diamond), 191

Kenyon, 476

Kerr, 259

Kerr, J. W., life of, 349-350; quoted, 98, 115, 118, 171, 422, 495, 508; var. orig. by, 349, 418, 446, 492, 501, 559, 562

Kester Green Gage, 476

Kester’s Green Gage (syn. of Kester Green Gage), 476

Kester’s Yellow Gage (syn. of Kester Yellow Gage), 476

Kester Yellow Gage, 476

Keyser, var. orig. by, 245

_Keyser’s Plum_ (syn. of Hulings), 245

_Kibitzenei_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

Kicab, 476

Kickapoo, 476

Kieth (syn. of Keith), 475

Kilpatrick, E. W., var. orig. by, 485

King, 476

King Damson, 259

King of Damsons (syn. of King Damson), 259

_King of Plums_ (syn. of Golden Drop, 229; of Reine Claude, 327)

King of Plums (syn. of King), 476

Kings Plum (syn. of Royal), 534

Kings Plum of Tours (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

Kingston (syn. of Diamond), 191

Kingston, 476

_Kirchhof’s Pflaume_ (syn. of Capitaine Kirchhof), 414

Kirke, 260

_Kirke_ (syn. of Kirke), 260

_Kirke’s_; _Kirke’s Pflaume_; _Kirke’s Plum_; _Kirk’s Plum_ (syns. of Kirke), 260

_Kirke’s Stoneless_ (syn. of Stoneless), 353

_Kirschpflaume_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Kladrauer Pflaume_ (syn. of Large Sugar Prune), 480

_Klein Weisse Damassener Pflaume_ (syn. of Small White Damson), 544

Kleine Blaue Frühzwetsche, 476

_Kleine Blaue Julians Pflaume_ (syn. of Damson, 186; of Saint Julien, 335)

_Kleine Brisette_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle), 263

_Kleine Dauphine_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

Kleine Gelbe Eierpflaume, 476

_Kleine gelbe Früh Pflaume_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Kleine Grüne Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

Kleine Kirschpflaume, 476

_Kleine Kirschpflaume_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Kleine Kirsch Pflaume_ (syn. of Rote Mirabelle), 533

_Kleine Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Kleine Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

Kleine Rosspauke, 476

_Kleine Weisse Damascene_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude, 347; of Small White Damson, 544)

_Kleine Zucker Zwetsche_ (syn. of Petite Quetsche Sucrée), 515

_Kleinste Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Klondike, 477

Klondyke (syn. of Klondike), 477

_Knevett’s Late Orleans_ (syn. of Nelson), 503

Kniedsen’s Peach (syn. of Knudson), 477

Knight, var. orig. by, 248, 436, 479

_Knight’s Green Drying_, _Large Drying_ or _Large Green Drying_ (syns. of Large Green Drying), 479

_Knight’s No. 6_ (syn. of Ickworth), 247

Knudson, 477

Knudson, H., var. orig. by, 182, 422, 460, 462, 463, 477, 496

Knudson’s Peach (syn. of Knudson), 477

Koa, 477

Koa’s Imperial (syn. of Koa), 477

Kober, 477

Koch, quoted, 17, 18

_Koch’s Gelbe Spät Damascene_ (syn. of Koch Späte Damascene), 477

Koch Königspflaume, 477

Koch Späte Damascene, 477

_Koch’s Späte Aprikosen_; _Koch’s Späte Damascene_ (syns. of Koch Späte Damascene), 477

Koepher, 477

_Koetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Kohlenkamp, 477

Kohlenkamp, W., var. orig. by, 477

Kohlen Kamp (syn. of Kohlenkamp), 477

_Königin Claudia_ or _Klaudia_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Königin der Mirabellen_ (syn. of Reine des Mirabelles), 530

Königin Mutter (syn. of Queen Mother), 522

_Königin Victoria_ (syn. of Victoria), 363

_Königin von Tours_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

_Königliche Grosse Pflaume_; _Königliche Pflaume von Tours_; _Königs Pflaume_; _Königspflaume von Tours_ (syns. of Royal Tours), 332

_Königspflaume_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

Königspflaume (syn. of Royal), 534

_Königs Pflaume aus Paris_; _Königspflaume von Paris_ (syns. of Perdrigon Tardif), 515

Königspflaume Frühe (syn. of Royale Hâtive de Liegel), 535

_Königs Pflaume von Maugerou_ (syn. of Maugeron), 492

Königspflaume von Trapp’s (syn. of Trapps Königspflaume), 555

_König Zwetsche_ (syn. of Trauttenberg), 555

Kook, var. orig. by, 432

_Kook’s Gelbe Diaprée_; _Kooks Neue Diapre_ (syn. of Diaprée Nouvelle De Kook), 432

Kopp, 477

Korai, 478

_K. P. 193_ (syn. of Purple-leaved Hybrid), 521

_Krasnaya osimaya_ (syn. of Red Winter), 529

_Krasnaya Skorospielkaya_ (syn. of Early Red), 440

_Kreger_ (syn. of Danish Damson), 428

_Kreke_ (syn. of Damson), 186

_Kreuters Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche de Kreuter), 523

Krieche (syn. of Damson), 186

_Krieke_ (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451

Kroh, P. H., var. orig. by, 316

_Kroh_ (syn. of Poole Pride), 315

Kroos-Pruim, 478

_Krueger_ (syn. of Danish Damson), 428

_Kruger’s Seedling_ (syn. of Cruger Scarlet), 424

_Kuchen Pflaume_ (syn. of Frankfort Peach), 447

Kume, 478

_La Bonne Deux Fois l’An_ (syn. of Venetianische Zweimal Tragende), 558

_La Bricette_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle), 263

_La Courbon_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_La Delicieuse_ (syn. of Cooper, 423; of Smith Orleans, 348)

_La Duc_ (syn. of Le Duc), 483

_La Grosse Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_La Madeleine_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

_La Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

La Prairie, 479

La Prune Suisse (syn, of Suisse), 549

_La Roche-Corbon_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

La Royal (syn. of Royal), 534

_La Royale_ (syn. of Royal), 534

_La Venitienne_ (syn. of Venetianische Zweimal Tragende), 558

La Victorine (syn. of Victoria), 363

Labert (syn. of Lambert), 478

_Labert’s Red_ (syn. of Lambert), 478

Lachine, 478

Ladies’ Plum (syn. of Damas Violet), 427

Lady, 478

_Lady Lucy_ (syn. of Cooper), 423

Lady Plum (syn. of Lady), 478

Lafay, M., var. orig. by, 360

Lafayette, 261

Laire, 262

Lakeside No. 1 & No. 2, 478

Lallinger Königspflaume, 478

Lambert, 478

_Lambert’s Red_ (syn. of Lambert), 478

Lammas, 478

Lancaster, 478

Lang, 478

Langdon, 478

Langdon, Reuben, var. orig. by, 478

_Langdon_ (syn. of Langsdon), 479

_Langdon’s Seedling_ (syn. of Langdon), 478

_Langes Aprikosenpflaume_ (syn. of Abricotée de Lange), 391

Lange Violette Damascene, 479

_Lange Violette Dattel Pflaume_; _Lange Violette Dattel Zwetsche_ (syns. of Red Date), 322

_Lange Violette Dattel Zwetsche_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Langley, quoted, 302

Langsdon, 479

_Langliche Blaue Damascene?_ (syn. of Lange Violette Damascene), 479

Lannix, 479

_Large Black Imperial?_ (syn. of Belle de Louvain, 400; of Bradshaw, 166)

_Large Early Black_ (syn. of Nectarine), 291

_Large early black_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

_Large Early Damson_ (syn. of Horse), 464

Large English, 262

Large English Damson, 479

Large German Prune (syn. of York State Prune), 571

_Large German Prune_ (syn. of German Prune, 219; of Italian Prune, 253)

Large Golden Prolific, 479

_Large green claudia_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Large Green Drying, 479

_Large Green Drying_ (syn. of Large Green Drying), 479

_Large Holland_ (syn. of Holland), 462

_Large Late Red Damask_ (syn. of Late Red Damask), 481

_Large Long Blue_ (syn. of Manning), 489

_Large Orlean_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum, 326; of Smith Orleans, 348)

_Large Peach_ (syn. of Peach), 309

Large Peach Plum (syn. of Peach), 309

_Large Purple_ (syn. of Smith Orleans), 348

Large Queen, 479

_Large Queen Claude_; Large Queen Claudia (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Large Red Orleans_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

_Large Red Sweet_ (syn. of Plunk), 516

Large Saint Julien (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

_Largest Damask of Tours_ (syn. of Gros Damas de Tours), 456

Large Sugar Prune, 480

Large Sweet Damson (syn. of Horse), 464

_Large White Damask_ (syn. of Large White Damson), 480

Large White Damson, 480

_Large Yellow Egg_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Late Black Damson, 480

_Late Black Orleans_ (syn. of Late Orleans), 265

Late Blood, 480

Late Bolmer, 480

Late Chalons, 480

_Late Cluster_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

Late Conical, 480

Late Damask? (syn. of Late Black Damson), 480

_Late Damson_ (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

_Late Diamond_ (syn. of Arch Duke), 148

_Late Gage_; _Late Green Gage_ (syns. of Late Reine Claude), 481

Late Goose, 481

_Late Green Gage_ (syn. of Late Reine Claude), 481

_Late Klondike_ (syn. of Golden), 224

_Late Klondike_ (syn. of Shiro), 342

Late Mirabelle, 263

_Late Monsieur_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

Late Muscatel (syn. of Late Muscatelle), 264

Late Muscatelle, 264

Late Orange, 481

_Late Orleans_ (syn. of Late Orleans), 265

Late Orleans, 265

Late Prolific, 481

Late Purple Damson (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

Late Red Damask, 481

_Late Red Damson_ (syn. of Late Red Damask), 481

_Late Red Imperial_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

Late Reine Claude, 481

Late Rivers, 481

Late Rollingstone, 482

Late Transparent, 482

Late Transparent Gage (syn. of Late Transparent), 482

_Late Violet_ (syn. of Imperatrice, 249; of Late Transparent, 482)

Late White Damson (syn. of White Damson), 374

Late White Pear (syn. of White Pear), 564

_Late Yellow Damson_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

Later Perdrigon (syn. of Perdrigon Tardif), 515

Latz German Prune—See German Prune, 220

Laubinger Sugar Prune, 482

_Laubinger’s Catharinen Pflaume_ (syn. of Laubinger Sugar Prune), 482

Laubinger’s Zuckerzwetsche (syn. of Laubinger Sugar Prune), 482

Lauche, quoted, 221, 254

Laura, 482

Lawrence, 266

Lawrence, L. V., var. orig. by, 182, 266, 465

Lawrence; _Lawrence’s Early_; _Lawrence’s Früh Rote Pflaume_ (syns. of Lawrence Early), 482

Lawrence Early, 482

_Lawrence Early_ (syn. of Belle), 158

_Lawrence_ or _Lawrence’s Favorite_; Lawrence Gage; _Lawrence’s Gage_; _Lawrences Reine Claude_ (syns. of Lawrence), 266

Lawson, 482

Lawson, John, quoted, 84, 93

_Lawson’s Golden_ (syn. of Lawson), 482

Lawson’s Golden Gage (syn. of Lawson), 482

_Le Czar_ (syn. of Czar), 184

Le Duc, 483

_Le Duc Vermillion_ (syn. of Vermilion), 558

Le Prunier Tzaneron (syn. of Tzaueron), 557

_L’Etendard De L’Angleterre_ (syn. of Standard), 548

Legal Tender, 483

Leib Sour, 483

Leipsic (syn. of Merunka), 494

_Leipzic_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Leipzig_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Leipzig Early Quetsche (syn. of Merunka), 494

_Leipziger Zwetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Leonard, 483

Leopard, 483

Lepine, 483

Lepine, var. orig. by, 483

_Lepine_ (syn. of Norbert), 505

Leptune, 483

_Lerchenei_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Leroy, André, var. orig. by, 157

Letta, 483

Lewelling, Seth, var. orig. by, 453

Lewis, 483

Lewiston Egg, 484

Lewiston’s Egg (syn. of Lewiston Egg), 484

Lex Plum, 484

_Lieflander Gelbe Pflaume_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Lieflandische Grüne Zwetsche_ (syn. of Jaspisartige Pflaume), 471

_Liegal’s August Zwetsche_ (syn. of August Zwetsche), 397

Liegel Rote Damascene, 484

Liegel Apricot, 484

Liegel, Dr., var. orig. by, 391, 399, 402, 403, 422, 477, 484, 493, 523, 526, 535, 555

Liegel Gage, 484

_Liegel’s Blaue Reine Claude_ (syn. of Blaue Reine Claude), 405

_Liegels Frühzwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Précoce Liegel), 525

_Liegel’s Marokko_ (syn. of Kaiser Wilhelm), 474

Liegel’s Spanische Damascene (syn. of Spanish Damask), 546

_Liegel’s Zwillingspflaume_ (syn. of Jumelles de Liegel), 474

Liegel Unvergleichliche, 484

Lillian Augusta, 484

Lillie, 484

Lincoln, 266

Lindley, quoted, 229

Lindow’sche Frühe Werder’sche Pflaume, 484

Lindsay, 484

Lindsay’s Seedling (syn. of Lindsay), 484

Little, 485

Little Black Damask (syn. of Black Damask), 404

_Little Blue Gage_ (syn. of Early Blue), 438

_Little Date_ (syn. of Datilles), 428

_Little Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Little Queen Claude_ or _Claudia_; _Little Reine Claude_ (syns. of Small Reine Claude), 347

Little Seedling (syn. of Little), 485

_Livingston Manor_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Livlandscher bierpflaume_ (syn. of Livland), 485

Livland, 485

Lizzie, 485

Lockey, 485

Lombard, 268

Lombard group, 33, 34

_Lombard Plum_ (syn. of Lombard), 268

_Lombard_ (syn. of Lombard), 268

_Lombard_ (syn. of Red Gage), 527

_London Plum_ or _Plumb_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Lone Star, 485

Long Blue, 485

_Long Damson_ (syn. of Shropshire), 344

Long Fruit, 270

_Long Fruit_ (syn. of Red June), 324

Long Fruited (syn. of Long Fruit), 270

Long Leaf Wonderful, 485

Long Red, 485

Long Scarlet, 485

Long Violet Damascene, 486

_Long Violet Damask_ (syn. of Damas Violet), 427

Longworth, 486

Longworth, Nicholas, var. orig. by, 486

Lord, Orville Morell, life of, 331; var. orig. by, 331, 482

Lot d’Ente, 486

_Lot d’Ente_ (syn. of Agen), 138

Lotta (syn. of Lottie), 486

Lottie, 486

Louis, Simon, var. orig. by, 445

Louisa, 486

Louis Brun (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Louise-Brune, 486

_Louise Brune_ (syn. of Louise-Brune), 486

Louisen’s Braune Damascene (syn. of Louise-Brune), 486

Louisiana, 486

_Louis Philipp_ or _Philippe_ (syns. of Washington), 368

_Louis Philippe_ (syn. of Nectarine), 291

Lovett, 486

Lovett Late, 487

_Lovett’s Late Long Red_ (syn. of Lovett Late), 487

Lowry, 487

Lowry’s Gage (syn. of Lowry), 487

Lucas Frühzwetsche (syn. of Précoce de Lucas), 518

Lucas Königspflaume, 487

Luccombe’s Nonesuch (syn. of Lucombe), 271

Lucombe, 271

Lucombe, var. orig. by, 271

Lucombe’s Nonesuch (syn. of Lucombe), 271

_Lucombe’s Nonsuch_ (syn. of Lucombe), 271

_Lucombe’s Unvergleichliche_ (syn. of Lucombe), 271

Luedloff, 487

Luedloff, Charles, var. orig. by, 406, 469, 487, 503, 547

Luedloff Green, 487

Luedloff Red, 487

Luedloff’s Green (syn. of Luedloff Green), 487

Luedloff’s Red (syn. of Luedloff Red), 487

Luedloff’s Seedling (syn. of Luedloff), 487

Luizet, M., var. orig. by, 441

Lunn, 487

Luscombe, 487

Luscombe’s Seedling (syn. of Luscombe), 487

Lutts, 487

Lyon, 488

Lyon Apricot, 488

Macedonia, 488

Mackland, 488

_MacLanglin_ (syn. of McLaughlin), 276

MacLaughlin (syn. of McLaughlin), 276

Macomber, 488

Macomber, J. T., var. orig. by, 453

Macomber, L. M., var. orig. by, 180, 510, 520

Macomber No. 1 and No. 2, 488

Madame Henri Deschars, 488

Madame Nicolle, 488

Madam Leeds, 488

Madeleine, 488

_Madeleine_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Madison_ (syn. of Denniston Superb), 431

Madison, 488

_Magnum Bonum_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Mailändische Kaiserpflaume_ (syn. of Impériale de Milan), 467

Mainzer Frühzwetsche, 489

_Maître Claude_ (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375

Majestic Damson, 489

Mallard, 489

_Mamelon_ (syn. of Mamelonnée), 489

_Mamelonnée_ (syn. of St. Etienne), 537

Mamelonnée, 489

_Mamelon Sageret_ (syn. of Mamelonnée), 489

_Mammola_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Mammoth July_ (syn. of Culberson), 425

_Mangeron_ (syn. of Maugeron), 492

Manitoba, 489

Manitoba No. 1, 489

Manitoba Seedlings, 489

Mankato, 489

Manning, 489

_Manning’s Long Blue_; _Manning’s Long Blue Prune_; _Manning’s Prune_ (syns. of Manning), 489

_Mann’s Brandy Gage_; _Mann’s Imperial_ (syns. of Brandy Gage), 408

Maquoketa, 271

_Maraichère_ (syn. of Quetsche Maraichère), 524

Marais des Cygne, 490

Marange, 490

Marble, 490

Marbled-Plum, 490

_Marble Plum_ (syn. of Marbled-Plum), 490

Marcellus, 490

Marcus, 490

Mardy, 490

Margate, 490

_Marian_ (syn. of Early Royal), 201

Marianna, 273

Marietta, 490

Marigan, 491

Marion, 491

Marjorie, 491

Marketman, 491

Market Plum (syn. of Golden Cherry), 228

Markle, E., var. orig. by, 177

Marmorierte Eierpflaume, 491

_Marokko Pflaume_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

Marshall, quoted, 58, 83, 84

Marster, 491

Marster’s (syn. of Marster), 491

Marten, 491

_Marten’s Seedling_ (syn. of Marten), 491

Maru, 275

Marunka (syn. of Merunka), 494

Mary, 491

Maryland, 491

Mas, 492

Mas, M., quoted, 497; var. orig. by, 443

Mason, 492

Mason, var. orig. by, 492

Massot (syn. of Oullins), 303

_Matchless_ (syn. of Red Diaper, 323; of Violet Diaper, 365)

Matchless, 492

Mathews, 492

Mathews, B. A., var. orig. by, 492

Matthews (syn. of Mathews), 492

Mauchete, 492

Maude Lacy, 492

Maugeron, 492

_Maugeron_; _Maugeron Damask_ (syn. of Maugeron), 492

_Maugiron_ (syn. of Maugeron), 492

Mayerboeck Zwetsche, 492

_Mayerboeck’s Rote Zwetsche_ (syn. of Mayerboeck Zwetsche), 492

Mayer Hellrote, 493

Mayer Königspflaume, 493

_Mayers Braunrothe Königspflaume_ (syn. of Mayers Rothe Damascene), 493

_Mayer’s Hellrothe Damascene_ (syn. of Mayer Hellrote), 493

Mayers Rothe Damascene, 493

_Mayers Rothe Damascene_ (syn. of Mayers Rothe Damascene), 493

Maynard, 275

McCance, M. E., var. orig. by, 378

McCartney, 493

_McCauley’s Seedling_ (syn. of Cambell), 414

McGillivray, 493

McLaughlin, 276

McLaughlin, James, var. orig. by, 277, 514

McLaughlin’s Gage Plum (syn. of McLaughlin), 276

McMahon, Bernard, quoted, 30, 38

McPherson, 493

McRea, 493

Mead, H. O., var. orig. by, 493

Meads, 493

Meads Seedling Plum (syn. of Meads), 493

Mediterranean, 493

Meigs, 493

Melon, 493

Melnicker Zwetsche, 493

Meneray, 494

Mereton, 494

Mereton’s Egg (syn. of Mereton), 494

Meroldt, 494

Meroldt, Dr., var. orig. by, 494

_Meroldt’s Gelbe Reine-Claude_; _Meroldt’s Golden Gage_; Meroldt’s Reineclaude (syn. of Meroldt), 494

Merryweather, 494

Merryweather, H., var. orig. by, 494

Merton’s Egg (syn. of Mereton), 494

Merunka, 494

Merville d’Automne, 494

Meyer, 494

Miama, 494

Miami (syn. of Miama), 494

_Michaelis Pflaume_ (syn. of September Damask), 542

Middleburg, 278

Middleburgh (syn. of Middleburg), 278

Mignonne, 495

Mikado (syn. of Georgeson), 218

Miles, 495

_Miller_ (syn. of Improved French Prune), 467

Miller, 495

Miller, Colonel Charles, var. orig. by, 279

Miller, David J., var. orig. by, 445, 495

Miller No. 1, 495

Miller No. 5, 495

_Miller’s Early_ (syn. of Silva Köning Claudie), 543

Miller Superb, 279

Millett, 495

Millett Early Red, 495

Millett’s Early Red (syn. of Millett Early Red), 495

Millett, T. T., 495

Millett Very Early Red, 495

Millett’s Very Early Red (syn. of Millett Very Early Red), 495

_Millett’s Wild Plum_ (syn. of Millett), 495

Mills, 496

Mills Seedling, 496

Milton, 280

Milton Gage, 496

_Mimms_; _Mimms Pflaume_; _Mimms Plum_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

Minco, 496

Miner, 281

_Minette_ (syn. of Guthrie Late), 236

Minion, 496

Minner (syn. of Miner), 281

Minnesota, 496

Minnesota Seedling, 496

_Minnesota_ (syn. of Rollingstone), 330

Minnetonka, 496

Minnie, 496

_Minsterworth_ (syn. of Gloucestershire Violet), 452

_Mirababelle_; Mirabel; _Mirabelle_; _Mirabelle abricotée_, _Blanche_, _de Metz_, _de Vienne_, _Jaune_, _Perle_, _Perlée_, _Petite_, _précoce_, _Simple_, _Verte_ (syns. of Mirabelle), 284

Mirabelle, 283

_Mirabelle_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

_Mirabelle Abricotée_ (syn. of Aprikosenartige Mirabelle), 396

_Mirabelle de Berthold_ (syn. of Early Mirabelle), 439

Mirabelle de Bohn, 496

_Mirabelle de Bohn_ (syn. of Mirabelle de Bohn), 496

_Mirabelle de Doerell_ (syn. of Dorell Aprikosenpflaume), 434

Mirabelle de Flotow, 497

_Mirabelle de Metz_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Mirabelle de Nancy_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

Mirabelle de Rangheri (syn. of Rangheri), 526

Mirabelle de Ronvaux, 497

_Mirabelle d’Octobre_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle), 263

_Mirabelle Double_, _Double de Metz_, _Drap d’Or_, _Grosse_, _Grosse de Nancy_, _grosse double de Metz_, _la grosse_, _Perlée_; Mirabellen (syns. of Drap d’Or), 194

Mirabelle Double de Herrenhausen, 497

Mirabelle Gloire de Louveciennes (syn. of Gloire de Louveciennes), 452

Mirabelle group, discussion of, 40, 41

_Mirabelle Hâtive de Rangheri_ (syn. of Rangheri), 526

_Mirabelle La Plus Hâtive de Flotow_ (syn. of Mirabelle de Flotow), 497

_Mirabelle Précoce_ (syn. of Early Mirabelle), 439

Mirabelle Précoce de Flaford, 497

_Mirabelle Rangheri_; Mirabelle Rangheris (syns. of Rangheri), 526

_Mirabelle Rayee_ (syn. of Mirabelle de Bohn), 496

_Mirabelle Rouge_ (syn. of Myrobalan, 290; of Rote Mirabelle, 533)

_Mirabelle Tardive_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle, 263; of Saint Catherine, 334)

_Mirabelle Tardive Mme. H. Deschars_ (syn. of Madame Henri Deschars), 488

_Mirabelle Vert Double_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Mirabelle Verte, 497

_Mirabelle von Metz_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

Mirabilon; Mirabolan; _Mirabolane_; _Mirabolanenpflaume_; _Mirobalan_ (syns. of Myrobalan), 290

Miracle, 285

_Miriam_ (syn. of Early Royal), 201

_Mirian_ (syn. of Early Royal), 201

_Miser_; _Miser Plum_ (syns. of Myrobalan), 290

Mission Prune, 497

Mississippi, 497

_Mississippi Red_ (syn. of Mississippi), 497

Missouri, 497

Missouri Apricot (syn. of Golden Beauty), 226

Missouri Green Gage, 498

Mistake, 498

Mitchelson, 498

_Mitchelson_; Mitchelson’s (syns. of Mitchelson), 498

Mitchelson, var. orig. by, 498

_Miviam_; _Mivian_ (syns. of Early Royal), 201

Mivian, 498

_Mixed Arab_ (syn. of Early Red), 440

_Mixed Arab_ (syn. of Black Arabka), 404

M. J. De Wolf, 498

M’Laughlin (syn. of McLaughlin), 276

_Mogol Plum_; _Mogule Pflaume_; _Mogol_; _Mogul Plum_; _Mogul’s Pflaume_; _Mogule_; Mogule Plumb (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

Mogul (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Mogul Rouge_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

Moldavka (syn. of Blue Moldavka), 405

Moldavka (syn. of Voronesh), 365

Mollie, 498

Molly (syn. of Mollie), 498

Monarch, 286

Monarque (syn. of Monarch), 286

Monolith, 498

Monon, 498

Monona, 498

Monroe, 287

_Monroe Egg_; _Monroe Gage_ (syns. of Monroe), 287

_Monsieur_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Monsieur à Fruit Vert, 498

_Monsieur_; _Monsieur Ordinaire_ (syns. of Orleans), 302

_Monsieur_; _Monsieur Hâtif_; _Monsieur Hâtif de Montmorency_; _Monsieur Hâtive_ (syns. of Early Orleans), 198

_Monsieur_; _Monsieur’s Plum_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Monsieur à Fruits Jaune_; _Monsieur à Fruits Jaunes_ (syns. of Yellow Imperatrice), 569

_Monsieur de Smith_ (syn. of Smith Orleans), 348

Monsieur Hâtif de Foote (syn. of Foote), 446

Monsieur Jaune (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

Monsieur Jaune (syn. of Yellow Imperatrice), 569

Monsieur Noir Tardif (syn. of Late Orleans), 265

_Monsieur Tardif_ (syn. of Suisse), 549

Monsieur tardif (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Monsieur tardif de Knevett_ (syn. of Nelson), 503

_Monsieur Tardive_ (syn. of Suisse), 549

_Monstreuse de Bavay_; _Monstrueuse de Bavay_ (syns. of Bavay), 155

_Monstrueuse d’Oullins_ (syn. of Oullins), 303

Mont Barbat d’Ente, 499

_Montfort Pflaume_ (syn. of De Montfort), 430

_Montgomery_ (syn. of Hand), 239

Montgomery, 499

_Montgomery Prune_ (syn. of Lombard, 268; of Montgomery, 499)

Montmorency, 499

_Montreuil_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

_Montreal No. 60_ (syn. of Lunn), 487

Montreal, 499

Moon, 499

Moody, 499

_Mooney_ (syn. of Bradshaw), 166

Moore, A. T., var. orig. by, 151

Moore Early, 499

Moore’s Early (syn. of Moore Early), 499

Mooreman (syn. of Moreman), 288

_Moore’s Arctic_; Moore Arctic (syns. of Arctic), 150

Morel, M. F., var. orig. by, 517

Moreman, 288, 499

Moreman Cherry (syn. of Moreman), 499

Moreman Prune (syn. of Benson), 401

_Moreman’s Cherry_ (syn. of Aurora), 397

_Morillen Pflaume_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

Morines, 499

Morin Hâtif, 499

Morocco, 288

_Morocco_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Morocco_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

_Morocco Pflaume_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

_Moroccopflaume_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

Morocco Plumb (syn. of Morocco), 288

Morton, Thomas, quoted, 93

_Moschatelle_ (syn. of Queen Mother), 522

Mottled Prune, 289

_Mouchetée_ (syn. of Mauchete), 492

Mountain, 499

Mountain Plum, 500

Mount Royal, 500

Moyen, 500

_Moyen de Bourgogne_ (syn. of Moyen de Bourgoyne), 500

Moyen de Bourgoyne, 500

Moyer, 500

_Moyeu de Bourgogne_ (syn. of Early Perdrigon), 439

Moyret, 500

Moyret’s Gage; Moyret’s Reine Claude (syns. of Moyret), 500

Mrs. Cleveland (syn. of Cleveland), 419

Mrs. Bleeker’s Large Red (syn. of Bleeker Large Red), 405

_Mrs. Clifford_ (syn. of Clifford), 419

Mudson, 500

Mulberry, 500

Muldraugh, 500

Muldraugh’s-hill Plum (syn. of Muldraugh), 500

Mule, 500

Muncey (syn. of Muncy), 501

_Münchenpflaume_ (syn. of September Damask), 542

Muncy, 501

Munson, 501

Munson, Thomas Volney, plum investigations of, 88, 89; var. orig. by, 402, 412, 496

_Munson_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

Murdy, 501

_Murray’s Reine Claude_ or _Claudia_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Muscadine (syn. of Myrobalan, 290; of Queen Mother, 522)

_Musk Damask_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

Musk Damson, 501

Musk’d Damask; _Muskierte Damascene_ (syns. of Musk Damson), 501

_Muskirte Gelbe Damascene_ (syn. of Damas Jaune Musque), 427

Muscat Free, 501

Musk Perdrigon, 502

Muscle, 501

_Mussel_ (syn. of Scioto), 541

_Mussel_; _Mussell_; Mussell Plum (syns. of Muscle), 501

Mussey, 502

_Musque de Malta_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

_Musquée de Besztercze_ (syn. of Hungarian Musk Prune), 465

_Myrobalan_; _Myrobalane_; _Myrobolan_; Myrobalans (syns. of Myrobalan), 290

Myrobalan, 290

_Myrobalan Jaune_ (syn. of Gelbe Kirschpflaume), 450

Nagate-Maru, 502

_Nagate no Botankyo_ (syn. of Red June), 324

Nagats-Maru (syn. of Nagate-Maru), 502

Nagatus maru (syn. of Nagate-Maru), 502

Naples, 502

Native Red, 502

N. C. Seedling (syn. of North Carolina), 507

Nebraska, 502

Nebraska Seedling, 502

Nebraska Wonder, 502

Nectarine, 291

_Nectarine_ (syn. of Goliath, 231; of Nectarine, 291; of Peach, 309)

Nectarine Plum (syn. of Nectarine), 291

_Nectarine Rouge_ (syn. of Peach), 309

Neils, 502

Nellie, 502

Nellie Blanche, 503

Nelly (syn. of Nellie), 502

Nelson, 503

_Nelson’s Victory_ (syn. of Nelson), 503

_Neue Weisse Kaiserin_ (syn. of White Queen), 564

_New Orleans_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 199

Never Fail, 503

New American, 503

_New Apricot of Braunau_ (syn. of Liegel Apricot), 484

Newark, 291

_New Early Orleans_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 198

New Goderich, 503

_New Golden Drop_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 229

New Green Gage, 503

New Large Bullace, 503

_New Large Bullace_ (syn. of New Large Bullace), 503

Newman, 292

_New Orleans_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 199

Newton, 503

Newton Egg (syn. of Newtown Egg), 503

Newtown Egg, 503

New Transparent Gage (syn. of Early Transparent Gage), 440

New Ulm, 293

_New Washington_ (syn. of Washington), 368

New Wine Sour, 504

_New York Purple_ (syn. of Brevoort Purple), 408

_Niagara_ (syn. of Bradshaw), 166

Nicholas, 295

Niemburg Egg; _Nienburger Eierpflaume_ (syns. of Nienburger Egg Plum), 504

Nienburger Egg Plum, 504

Nikitaer Blaue Frühzwetsche, 504

Nikitaer Dattelzwetsche, 504

Nikitaer Frühe Königspflaume; _Nikitaner Frühe Königspflaume_; _Nikita’s Frühe Königs Pflaume_ (syns. of Early Royal of Nikita), 440

Nikitaer Hahnenpflaume, 504

_Nikitaner Hahnenhode_ (syn. of Nikitaer Hahnenpflaume), 504

Nikko, 504

Nimon, 504

_Noble Précoce_ (syn. of Edle Early), 441

Noire Americaine, 504

_Noire de Montreuil_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

Noire de Montreuil, 504

_Noire Hâtif_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

_Noire Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Noisette, M., var. orig. by, 550

Nolan, 504

_Nolen Plum_ (syn. of Wild Goose), 378

Nolton Ungarische, 505

Nome, 505

Nona, 505

Nonesuch; Nonsuch (syns. of Lucombe), 271

_Nonpareil_ (syn. of Incomparable), 467

Norbert, 505

_Norbert_; Norbert’s Pflaume (syns. of Norbert), 505

Norby, 505

Norby, A., var. orig. by, 505

Norby No. 1, 505

Norby No. 11, 505

Norman, 505

Normand, Joseph L., life of, 506; var. orig. by, 451, 486, 506

_Normand_; Normand Japan; _Normand’s Japan_; _Normand Yellow_ (syns. of Georgeson), 218

_Normande précoce_ (syn. of Early Normandy), 439

_Normand No. 5_ (syn. of Alabama), 392

_Normand No. 15_ (syn. of Louisiana), 486

Normand Perdrigon, 505

Normand No. 5, 506; No. 11, 506; No. 12, 506; No. 15, 506; No. 16, 506; No. 17, 506; No. 18, 507; No. 19, 507; No. 20, 507

Normand’s Seedlings, 506

Normannischer Perdrigon; _Norman Perdrigon_ (syns. of Normand Perdrigon), 505

North, 507

North, Professor, var. orig. by, 507

North Carolina, 507

_North Carolina Seedling_ (syn. of North Carolina), 507

_North’s Seedling_ (syn. of North), 507

North Star, 507

Nota Bene, 507

_Nota Bene de Corse_ (syn. of Nota Bene), 507

_Nouvelle_; _Nouvelle De Dorrel_; Nouvelle De Dorelle; _Nouveau De Dorrelle_ (syns. of Dorell), 434

_Nouvelle Goutte d’Or_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 229

November Gage, 507

Noyes, 507

Noyes, Mrs., var. orig. by, 507

_Noyes’ Seedling_ (syn. of Noyes), 507

_No. 3_ (syn. of Early Red), 440

No. 11 (syn. of Norby No. 11), 505

_113 Riga_ (syn. of Merunka), 494

_116 Riga_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_No. 31,288_ (syn. of First), 446

Nurseries, commercial, early origin of, 323-325

_Nutmeg_ (syn. of Christian, 418; of Wheat, 563)

Nutmeg, 508

Oakley Park Wild, 508

Oatey, 508

Oberdieck, quoted, 263, 433

Oberdieck Gestreifte Eierpflaume, 508

_Oberdiecks Frühe Aprikosenpflaume_ (syn. of Early Apricot), 437

Oberholtzer, George U., var. orig. by, 416

Oberley, 508

_Oberley’s Greenwood_ (syn. of Oberley), 508

Occident, 295

Ocheda (syn. of Ocheeda), 296

Ocheeda, 296

October, 297, 508

_October Gage_ (syn. of Frost Gage), 216

_October Green Gage_ (syn. of Late Reine Claude), 481

October Mirabelle (syn. of Late Mirabelle), 263

_October Purple_ (syn. of October), 297

Oddy, 508

Oddy’s (syn. of Oddy), 508

Odegaard (syn. of Odegard), 508

Odegard, 508

Odell, 508

_Oeil de Boeuf_; _Oeuil-de-Boeuf_ (syns. of Jerusalem), 472

_Oeuf Rouge_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Ogan_ (syn. of Ogon), 298

Ogden (syn. of Ogon), 298

Ogeechee, 508

Oglesby, 508

Ogon, 298

_Ogon_ (syn. of Ogon), 298

_O-Hatankyo_; O-hattankio (syn. of Chabot), 172

Ohio, 509

_Ohio Prolific_ (syn. of Ohio), 509

Okaw, 509

_Oktoberpflaume_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

Oku Botan, 509

_Old Apricot_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

Old Gold, 509

_Old Hickory_ (syn. of Miner), 281

_Old Orleans_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

Olive, 509

Ollie, 509

Olson, 509

Omaha, 509

Omega, 509

Onderdonk, Gilbert, life of, 392; var. orig. by, 392, 421, 439, 472, 501, 516

Onderka Damascene, 509

_Onderka_ (syn. of Onderka Damascene), 509

Ontario, 509

Opata, 509

Orange, 300, 510

_Orange_; _Orange Gage_ (syns. of Orange), 300

Orange Cherry, 510

_Orange’s Cherry Plum_ (syn. of Orange Cherry), 510

_Orel 19_; Orel No. 19 (syn. of Long Red), 485

_Orel No. 20_ (syn. of Long Blue), 485

Orel No. 21, 510

Oren, J. K., var. orig. by, 301

Oren, 300

Orenge, 510

_Orient_ (syn. of Chabot), 172

Oriental, 510

Orillia, 510

Oriole (syn. of Abundance), 136

Orleans, 302

_Orleans_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 199

_Orleans_; _Orleans Red Damask_ (syns. of Orleans), 302

_Orleans Late Black_ (syn. of Late Orleans), 265

Osage, 510

Osage 48 (syn. of Osage), 510

_Osterreichische Pflaume_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Oswego_ (syn. of Pond), 314

Ottoman; _Ottomanische Kaiserpflaume_ (syns. of Imperial Ottoman), 467

Ottoman Seedling, 510

_Ouillin’s Gage_, _Golden_, _Golden Gage_ or _Green Gage_ (syns. of Oullins), 303

Oullins, 303

Outremont, 510

Oval Blood (syn. of Occident), 295

Ovalrunde Spreckel Pflaume (syn. of Gisborne), 451

Overall, 510

Owatonna, 510

Owen, 511

Owen Sound Beauty (syn. of Owen), 511

Oxford, 511

Oyama, 511

Pacific, 305

_Pacific_; Pacific Prune (syns. of Pacific), 305

Paddock, Captain, var. orig. by, 511

Paddock Magnum Bonum, 511

Paine, 511

Paine, A. W., var. orig. by, 511

Paine’s Seedling (syn. of Paine), 511

Paisan Blanche, 511

Paisan Blanche et Double (syn. of Paisan Blanche), 511

Paisan Noire, 511

Palatine, 307

Palmer, 511

Pander, 511

Papeleu, 512

Pappaconi, 512

Paquet, 512

Paquet, C. G., var. orig. by, 513

Paragon (syn. of Chabot), 172

Pardee, S. D., var. orig. by, 395

Paris Belle (syn. of Texas Belle), 552

Park, 512

Parker, 512

_Parker’s Mammoth_ (syn. of Washington), 368

Parkinson, John, quoted, 28, 32, 373, 394, 421, 433, 441, 450, 455, 490, 509, 510, 513, 543, 559

_Parmentier_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 229

Parrott, 512

Parsonage, 512

_Parsons_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Partridge, 512

Pasqua, 512

_Paterson’s_ (syn. of Gisborne), 451

Pathfinder, 512

Patten, A., 513

Patten, B., 513

Patten, C. G., var. orig. by, 513

_Patten No. 40_ (syn. of Apple), 396

Paul, J. M., var. orig. by, 308

Paul Early, 308

_Paul’s Earliest_ (syn. of Paul Early), 308

_Paul Wolf_ (syn. of Bender), 401

_P. biferum_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

_P. Damascena Armeniacea_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Peach (syn. of Knudson), 477

_Peach_ (syn. of Nectarine, 291; of Peach, 309; of White Virginal, 565)

Peach, 309

Peach Leaf, 513

_Peachleaf_ (syn. of Peach Leaf), 513

_Peach-leaved_ (syn. of Kanawha), 474

_Peach Plum_ (syn. of Nectarine, 291; of Peach, 309)

Peach Plum (syn. of Peach-plum), 513

Peach-plum, 513

Peake, 513

Pearl, 310, 513

Pear Plum, 513

Pearson, H. A., quoted, 340, 435

Peasant, 513

Peascod Plum (syn. of White Peascod), 564

_Pêche_; _Pêche de Calvel_ (syns. of Nectarine, 291; of Peach, 309)

Peerless, 513

Peffer, G. P., var. orig. by, 406, 467

Peffer’s Premium (syn. of Premium), 518

Pekin, 513

Pendent, 514

Penn, William, quoted, 20

Penning, 514

Penning, Martin, var. orig. by, 356, 507, 514

Penning Peach, 514

_Penning’s Free_ (syn. of Penning), 514

Pennock, 514

Pennock, C. E., var. orig. by, 514, 550

Pennock’s Hybrid (syn. of Pennock), 514

Penobscot, 514

Peoly Early Blue, 514

_Perdigevena_; _Perdigon_; Perdrigon; _Perdrigon Violet_ or _Violette_ (syns. of Blue Perdrigon), 164

_Perdrigon Bariole_ (syn. of Bunter Perdrigon), 412

_Perdrigon blanc_ (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375

_Perdrigon de Brignole_; Perdrigon de Brignole Gros (syns. of Brignole), 409

_Perdrigon de Normandie_ (syn. of Normand Perdrigon), 505

Perdrigon des Alpes, 514

Perdrigon group, 31, 32

_Perdrigon Hâtif_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 194

_Perdrigon hâtif_ or _hâtive_ (syns. of Early Perdrigon), 439

_Perdrigon Jaune_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 195

_Perdrigon Normand_ (syn. of Normand Perdrigon), 506

Perdrigon of Cernay, 514

_Perdrigon rouge_ (syn. of Red Perdrigon), 528

Perdrigon Tardif, 515

_Perdrigon Violet_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Perdrigon Violet Hâtif (syn. of Early Perdrigon), 439

_Perfection_ (syn. of Wickson), 376

_Perry’s Seedling_ (syn. of Oriental), 510

Pershore, 515

Pershore Yellow Egg (syn. of Pershore), 515

_Persing Nos. 1, 2_ (syn. of Burbank), 170

Peters, 312

Peter’s Large Yellow; _Peter’s Yellow Gage_; Peters’ Yellow Gage; _Peters Yellow Gage_ (syns. of Peters), 312

Peterson, var. orig. by, 143

_Petit Bricette_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle), 263

_Petit Damas Blanc_ (syn. of Small White Damson), 545

Petit Damas Rouge (syn. of Queen Mother), 522

_Petit Damas Vert_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Petit Drap d’Or_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Petite_ (syn. of Agen), 138

_Petite Bricette_ (syn. of Saint Catherine, 334; of Late Mirabelle, 263)

_Petite d’Agen_ (syn. of Agen), 138

_Petite Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Petite Prune_ or _Prune d’Agen_ (syns. of Agen), 138

Petite Quetsche Sucrée, 515

_Petite Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Petit-Monsieur_ (syn. of Marange), 490

_Petit prunallier_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

_Petit Saint Julien_ (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

_Pfirschenpflaume_ (syn. of Goliath), 231

_Pflaume Mit dem Pfirsichblatt_ or _mit dem Pfirschenblatt_ (syns. of Italian Prune), 253

_Pflaume Ohne Steine_ (syn. of Stoneless), 353

Pflaume Von Gondin (syn. of Gondin), 454

_Pflaume von St. Etienne_ (syn. of St. Etienne), 537

_Philippe I_ (syn. of Washington), 368

Phillips, Henry, quoted, 29

Phiolenartige Gelbe Zwetsche, 515

Pickett, var. orig. by, 329

_Pickett’s July_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Pigeon’s Heart_ (syn. of Queen Mother), 522

Pilot, 515

Pink Damson, 515

Pioneer Prune, 515

Piper, 515

_Piper’s Peach_ (syn. of Piper), 515

Piram, 516

Pissardi, 516

_Pitch Plum_ (syn. of Moyen), 500

_Pitless_ (syn. of Stoneless), 353

Plantz, 516

Plantz’s Seedling (syn. of Plantz), 516

Platt, Judge, var. orig. by, 269

_Platte Hellrothe Königspflaume_ (syn. of Procureur), 520

Plattman, J. H., var. orig. by, 411

_Plattman’s Bunker Hill_ (syn. of Bunker Hill), 411

_Plattrunde Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Aplatie), 523

Pliny, quoted, 16, 17, 28, 36

Plumcot (syn. of Rutland Plumcot), 333

Plum crop, production of, in U. S. in 1899, 100

Plum culture, 100

_Plum de l’Inde_ (syn. of Pond), 314

Plum growing, location of, in New York, 100

_Plum of Louvain_ (syn. of Belle de Louvain), 400

Plums, blooming dates and season of ripening of, 105-109; characteristics of, 6-9; conspectus of species of, 9-11; cultivation of, 120-121; discussion of insects detrimental to, 131-135; diversity of kinds of, 4-6; hardiness of, 102-104; harvesting and marketing of, 122-125; locations and soils for, 113, 114; minor diseases of, 129-131; pollination of, 110; setting of trees of, 120; sexual affinities of varieties of, 112-113; subjection of, to diseases, 125; varieties of, grown in New York, 101

Plum Simon (syn. of Simon), 346

Plunk, 516

_Podiebrader Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Perdrigon), 528

Poiteau, quoted, 428

Pomology, origin of, in America, 18-26

Pomona, 516

Pomaria, 516

Pomeranzen Zwetsche (syn. of Orange), 300

Pond, 313

Pond, var. orig. by, 314

Pond Seedling; _Pond’s Purple_; Pond’s Samling; _Pond’s Seedling_ (syns. of Pond), 314

Pond Purple, 516

_Pond’s Purple_ (syn. of Pond Purple), 516

Pond’s Seedling (syn. of Pond Purple), 516

_Pond’s Seedling_ (English) (syn. of Pond), 314

Pontbriant, 517

Pontford, 517

Pontotoc, 517

_Poole_; _Poole’s Pride_ (syns. of Poole Pride), 315

Poole Pride, 315

Porsch Rote Zwetsche, 517

Pottawattamie, 517

Potter, 517

Poupart, 517

Poupart’s (syn. of Poupart), 517

Pourprée De Duane; _Pourpré Duane_ (syns. of Duane), 196

_Pourprée de Pond_ (syn. of Pond), 314

Pourprée Impériale (syn. of Imperial Purple), 467

Powell Damson, 517

Prairie (syn. of Prairie Flower), 517

Prairie Flower, 517

_Prairie Flower_ (syn. of Prairie Flower), 517

Prairie Rose, 517

Pratt, D. U., var. orig. by, 396

_Précoce_ (syn. of White Virginal), 565

_Précoce Biondeck_ (syn. of Biondeck), 403

_Précoce De Bergthold_ (syn. of Early Mirabelle), 439

Précoce Defresne, 517

Précoce de Freudenberg, 517

_Précoce de Freudenberg_ (syn. of Précoce de Freudenberg), 517

Précoce de Lucas, 518

_Précoce de Lucas_ (syn. of Précoce de Lucas), 518

Précoce de Reutlinger, 518

Précoce de Reutlinger Prune (syn. of Précoce de Reutlinger), 518

_Précoce de Rivers_ (syn. of Early Favorite), 438

_Précoce de Tours_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Précoce Veritable_ (syn. of Wahre Frühzwetsche), 560

Premium, 518

Preserver, 518

President, 518

President Courcelle (syn. of President Courcelles), 518

President Courcelles, 518

President Wilder (syn. of Wilder), 565

Presley, 519

Price, 519

Pride (syn, of Shipper), 341

_Pride of Waterloo_ (syn. of Pond), 314

_Pride of Waterloo?_ (syn. of Pride of Waterloo), 519

Pride of Waterloo, 519

Primate, 519

Primordian (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Prince_ (syn. of Gloucestershire Violet), 452

Prince, 519

Prince, William, life of, 389; quoted, 23, 24, 30, 38, 231, 310, 369, 417; var. orig. by, 252, 369, 389, 467, 519, 520, 527

Prince, William Robert, life of, 24; quoted, 31

Prince Albert? (syn. of Wales), 366

_Prince De Galles_ (syn. of Wales), 366

Prince Engelbert; _Prince Englebert_ (syns. of Englebert), 204

_Prince of Wales_ (syn. of Wales), 366

_Prince’s Blue Primordian_ (syn. of Prince Primordian), 520

Prince Early Damson, 519

_Prince’s Early Purple_ (syn. of Prince Early Damson), 519

Prince’s Gage (syn. of Yellow Gage), 388

_Prince’s Gage_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

Prince’s Gelbe Reine-Claude (syn. of Yellow Gage), 388

Prince’s Imperial Gage (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

Prince’s Kaiser Reine-Claude (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

Prince Orange Egg, 519

_Prince’s Orange Egg_ (syn. of Prince Orange Egg), 519

Prince Orange Gage, 519

Prince Primordian, 520

_Prince’s Red Gage_ (syn. of Red Gage), 527

Prince’s Rote Reine-Claude (syn. of Red Gage), 527

_Prince’s White Gage_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

_Prince’s Yellow Gage_ (syn. of Yellow Gage), 388

Pringle, 520

Pringle Blue, 520

Pringle Purple, 520

_Prinz Engelbert_ (syn. of Englebert), 204

_Prinzens Kaiser Reine Claude_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

_Prinzens rothe Reineclaude_ (syn. of Red Gage), 527

_Prinzessinpflaume_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Prinzessin Pflaume_ (syn. of Imperatrice, 249; of Red Diaper, 323)

Prinz Von Wales (syn. of Wales), 366

Prochaska, Herr, var. orig. by, 142

Procureur, 520

_Prof. Budd_ (syn. of Budd), 410

_Prof. Craig_ (syn. of Craig), 424

Prof. Goff (syn. of Goff), 452

Prof. Price (syn. of Price), 519

Prof. Wittmack, 520

Profuse, 520

_Prolific_ (syn. of Crittenden, 184; of Hale, 237)

_Prolific Damson_ (syn. of Crittenden), 184

_Prolifique Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Rivers), 200

_Proune bissioque_ (Roumanie) (syn. of Hungarian Musk Prune), 465

_Provence Damask_ (syn. of Damas de Provence), 426

Provencer Königspflaume (syn. of Damas de Provence), 426

_Provinz Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Pointue), 524

Pruine Damson? (syn. of Shropshire), 344

_Prunallier_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

Prune (syn. of Shropshire), 344

Prune-Abricot; _Prune Abricote_, Abricotée, Abricotée Blanche, _Abricotée de Tours_ (syns. of Apricot), 148

_Prune-Abricot de Royer_ (syn. of Royer Aprikosen Pflaume), 535

Prune Abricotée Rouge (syn. of Red Apricot), 321

_Prune à Fleurs Doubles_ or _à fleurs semi-doubles_ (syns. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

_Prune Allemand_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Pruneau, 520

_Pruneau de Tours_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

_Pruneau Jaune de Reizenstein_ (syn. of Reizenstein Yellow Prune), 531

Prune Autumn Gage (syn. of Autumn Gage), 398

_Pruneaux de Tours_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

Prune Bleue de Belgique (syn. of Belgian Purple), 157

_Prune bifere_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

Prune Buel’s Favorite (syn. of Buel), 411

_Prune Celeste_ (syn. of Elsner Grüne Zwetsche), 442

_Prune Cerise_, _Ceriset_, _Cerisette_ or Cerizette (syns. of Myrobalan), 290

Prune coeur de pigeon verd (syn. of Grüne Herzformige), 456

_Prune Cordiforme_ (syn. of Herzformige Pflaume), 461

_Prune d’Abricos_ (syn. of Red Apricot), 321

_Prune d’Abricot_ (syn. of Nectarine), 291

_Prune d’Abricot_, _d’Abricot bigarree_, _Blanch_, _de France_ or _Ordinaire_ (syns. of Apricot), 148

Prune d’Abricot rouge (syn. of Red Apricot), 321

_Prune d’Agen_ (syn. of Agen), 138

Prune d’Agen Double, 520

_Prune d’Allemagne_; _d’Allemagne la commune_ (syns. of German Prune), 219

_Prune d’Altesse_ (syn. of German Prune, 219; of Suisse, 549)

Prune de Altesse (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

_Prune d’Altesse blanche_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Prune d’Altesse Blanche_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

_Prune d’Amerique Rouge_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Prune d’Amour, 520

Prune Damas d’Italie (syn. of Italian Damask), 470

Prune Damas de Provence (syn. of Damas de Provence), 426

Prune Damas de Septembre (syn. of September Damask), 542

Prune Damas D’Espagne (syn. of Spanish Damask), 546

Prune Dame Aubert or d’Aubert (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Prune Damson_ (syn. of Shropshire), 344

_Prune d’Ante_ or _d’Ast_ (syns. of Agen), 138

_Prune Datte_ (syn. of Date, 428; of Red Date, 322; of Weisse Kaiserin, 563)

_Prune-Datte_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Prune Datte Violette_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Prune Dauphine (syn. of Dauphine), 428

Prune d’Automne, 520

Prune d’Automne de Schamal; _Prune d’Automne de Schamali_ (syns. of Schamal), 540

_Prune d’Autriche_ (syn. of Date, 428; of Hungarian, 246; of Red Date, 322)

_Prune d’Avoine_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Prune de Bavay_ (syn. of Bavay), 155

_Prune De Besançon_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Prune de Bordeaux_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

Prune de Bordeaux (syn. of Saint Antoine), 537

_Prune de Bourgoyne_ (syn. of Burgundy Prune), 412

_Prune De Briançon_ (syn. of Briançon, 409; of Red Diaper, 323)

_Prune de Brigantiaca_ (syn. of Briançon), 409

Prune de Brignole (syn. of Brignole), 409

_Prune de Brignole_ (syn. of Agen), 138

Prune Decaisne (syn. of DeCaisne), 187

_Prune de Catalogne_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Prune de Cheval_ (syn. of Horse), 464

_Prune de Chypre_ (syn. of Chypre, 418; of Musk Damson, 501; of Red Diaper, 323)

_Prune de Coulommiers_ (syn. of Coulommiers), 423

_Prune de Délices_ (syn. of De Délice), 429

_Prune de Deux Saisons_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

_Prune de Double_ (syn. of Double), 435

_Prune de Gaillon_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Prune de Gondin_ (syn. of Gondin), 454

_Prune de Jerusalem_ (syn. of Gelbe Jerusalempflaume, 450; of Jerusalem, 472)

_Prune de Kirchhof_ (syn. of Capitaine Kirchhof), 414

_Prune de Kirke_ (syn. of Kirke), 260

Prune de Laghouat, 520

_Prune de la Gallissioniere_ (syn. of _P. americana_), 59

_Prune de la Madeleine_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Prune de la St. Martin_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Prune de Lepine_ (syn. of Norbert), 505

_Prune de Louvain_ (syn. of Belle de Louvain), 400

_Prune de Malte_ or _de Malthe_ (syns. of Musk Damson), 501

_Prune de Milan_ (syn. of Impériale de Milan), 467

_Prune de Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Prime de Monsieur_ (syn. of Early Tours, 202; of Orleans, 302; of Yellow Egg, 386)

_Prune de Monsieur Hâtif_ or _Hâtive_ (syns. of Early Orleans), 199

_Prune de Monsieur Jaune_ or _Varietè Jaune_ (syns. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

_Prune de Monsieur Tardive_ (syn. of Suisse), 549

Prune de Montfort (syn. of De Montfort), 430

_Prune d’Ente_ (syn. of Agen), 138

Prune d’Ente (syn. of Sergeant), 339

Prune d’Ente Impériale, 521

_Prune de Orange_ (syn. of Orange), 510

_Prune de Paisan blanche and simple_ (syn. of Paisan Blanche), 511

Prune de Paisan Noire (syn. of Paisan Noire), 511

_Prune de Pologne_ (syn. of Quetsche Dr. Létricourt), 524

Prune De Pontbriant (syn. of Pontbriant), 517

_Prune de Prince_ (syn. of Norbert), 505

Prune de Prince (syn. of Prune de Seigneur), 521

Prune de Reine Claude (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Prune de Rudolphe, 521

_Prune de Reizenstein_ (syn. of Reizenstein Yellow Prune), 531

_Prune de St. Barnabe_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Prune de Sainte Catherine_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

_Prune de St. Jean_ (syn. of Early St. John), 440

_Prune de Saint-Jean_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

_Prune de St. Jean_ (syn. of St. John), 537

_Prune de Savoye_ (syn. of Isle-Verte), 470

_Prune des Béjonnieres_ (syn. of Béjonnières), 157

Prune Des Burettes (syn. of Burettes), 412

Prune de Seigneur, 521

_Prune de Vacance_ (syn. of September Damask), 542

_Prune de Virginie_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Prune de Wangenheim_ (syn. of Wangenheim), 368

_Prune de Waterloo_ (syn. of Waterloo Pflaume), 561

_Prune Diademe_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Prune Diaphane_ or _Diaphane Laffay_ (syns. of Transparent), 360

Prune Diaprée Blanche (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432

Prune Diaprée Rouge (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Prune d’Inde Blanc_ or _Blanche, d’Oeuf_, or _d’Oeuf blanche_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Prune d’Italie_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

_Prune d’oeuf_ or _d’Oeuf Violette_ (syns. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Prune d’Oeuf Marbrée_ (syn. of Marmorierte Eierpflaume), 491

_Prune d’Orleans_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

_Prune du Roi_ (syn. of Agen, 138; of Early Orleans, 199)

Prune Early Favorite (syn. of Early Favorite), 438

_Prune Eugene Simon_ (syn. of Simon), 346

_Prune-figue_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Prune Figue_; _Prune figue grosse rouge_; (syns. of Red Date), 322

_Prune Gonne_ (syn. of Gonne), 454

_Prune Goutte d’Or De Coe_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 229

Prune Gros-Damas Violet (syn. of Damas Violet), 427

Prune Grosse Quetsche Nouvelle (syn. of Dorell), 434

Prune group, history of, in America, 30, 31; origin of, 30; specific characters of, 31; typical varieties of, 31

_Prune Ileverte_ (syn. of Isle-Verte), 470

Prune Impératrice (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

Prune Impératrice Blanche (syn. of White Impératrice), 375

Prune Impératrice Violette (syn. of German Prune), 219

Prune Impériale de Sharp (syn. of Sharp), 340

Prune Impériale Violette (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Prune Isabelle_ (syn. of Isabella), 469

_Prune Jacinthe_ (syn. of Jacinthe), 471

_Prune Kanawa_ (syn. of Kanawha), 474

_Prune Kirke_ (syn. of Kirke), 260

Prune Lawrence’s Gage (syn. of Lawrence), 266

_Prunelier_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

_Prunelle_ (syn. of Orleans, 302; of Sloe, 544)

Prune-making, growth of, 31

_Prune Maraichère_ (syn. of Quetsche Maraichère), 524

_Prune-Massot_ (syn. of Oullins), 303

Prune Monarque (syn. of Monarch), 286

_Prune Monsieur_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

_Prune Monsieur Jaune_ (syn. of Early Yellow, 203; of Yellow Impératrice, 569)

_Prune nain_ (syn. of Zwergpflaume), 571

_Prune noire hâtive_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Prune nouvelle de Dorrel_ (syn. of Dorell), 434

_Prune OEuf_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Prune-oeuf_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

Pruneola (syn. of Sloe), 544

_Prune-Pêche_ (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375

_Prune Pêche_ (syn. of Nectarine, 291; of Peach, 309)

Prune-Pêche (syn. of Goliath), 231

_Prune-Pêche De Calvel_ (syn. of Peach), 309

Prune Perdrigon hâtif (syn. of Early Perdrigon), 439

Prune Perdrigon Normand (syn. of Normand Perdrigon), 506

_Prune Petit Damas Blanc_ (syn. of Small White Damson), 545

_Prune Plum_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Prune poire grosse violette_ (syn. of Pear Plum), 513

_Prune de Pologne_ (syn. of Quetsche Dr. Létricourt), 524

_Prune Précoce?_ (syn. of White Virginal), 565

Prune Prince of Whales (syn. of Wales), 366

_Prune qui fructifie deux fois l’an_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

Prune Quetsch (syn. of German Prune), 219

Prune Reine Blanche (syn. of White Queen), 564

Prune Reine-Claude Gabriel Combes (syn. of Gabriel Combes), 449

Prune Reine Claude Violette (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

Prune Reine Victoria (syn. of Victoria), 363

_Prune Rouge De Bleeker_ (syn. of Lombard), 268

_Prune Royale_ (syn. of Royal), 534

_Prune Royale de Tours_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

Prunes, definition of, 30; process of making, 124-126

_Prune Sainte-Catherine_ or _Sainte-Catherine Jaune_ (syns. of Saint Catherine), 334

Prune Sans-Noyau (syn. of Stoneless), 353

_Prune Sauvage_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

_Prune Semi-double_ (syn. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

_Prune Suisse_ (syn. of Italian Prune, 253; of Suisse, 549)

_Prune Violet de Jerusalem_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Prune Violette D’Octobre_ (syn. of Saint Martin Quetsche), 538

_Prune Virginale_ (syn. of White Virginal), 565

_Prune Wangenheim Hâtive_ (syn. of Wangenheim), 368

Prune Washington Jaune (syn. of Washington), 368

_Prune Zwetschen_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Prunier à fleur semi-double_ (syn. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

_Prunier Allemand_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Prunier bifere_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

_Prunier d’Agen_ (syn. of Agen), 138

Prunier Damas à petit fruit blanc (syn. of Small White Damson), 545

_Prunier Datte_ (syn. of Sergeant), 339

_Prunier de Jerusalem_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Prunier de Saint Martin_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Prunier de Simon_ (syn. of Simon), 346

_Prunier des Vacances_ (syn. of September Damask), 542

_Prunier de Tillemond_ (syn. of Tillemond), 554

_Prunier de Virginie_ (syn. of _P. americana_), 59

_Prunier epineux_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

_Prunier Fleurissant et Poussant Deux Fois_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

Prunier Myrobolan (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Prunier qui fructifie deux fois par l’an_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

Prunier Sainte-Catherine (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

Prunier Saint-Julien (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

_Prunum Pyrinum praecox_ (syn. of Early Pear), 439

Prunus, differences between fruits of, 2, 3; genus, species included, 1; history of, 1, 2; horticultural value of, 4; variability of, 3, 4 _acutifolia_, 48 _alleghaniensis_, characters of, 72, 73; comparison of, with _P. americana_, 73; habitat of, 73, 74; specific description of, 72-74 _Americana_ (syn. of _P. hortulana_), 64; (syn. of _P. nigra_), 69; adaptation of, to cross-pollination, 62, 63; characters of, 56, 57; history of, 58-61; introduction of, into Europe, 59; natural habitat of, 57, 58; specific description of, 56-63; tree and fruit characters of, 61, 62 _Americana lanata_ (syn. of _P. americana mollis_), 63 _Americana Mollis_, specific description of, 63, 64 _Americana Nigra_ (syn. of _P. nigra_), 69 _angustifolia_, characters of, 82; original habitat of, 82, 83; specific description of, 82-85 _angustifolia varians_, characters, 87, 88; specific description of, 87, 88 _angustifolia watsoni_, characters of, 85, 86; habitat of, 86; specific description of, 85-87 _armeniaca dasycarpa_, 48 _bifera_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556 _bokhariensis_, 50 _Calvellana_ (syn. of Early Perdrigon), 439 _Catalana_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203 _Catalanica_ (syn. of Catalana), 415 _Catalonica_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203 _Catelana_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203 _cerasifera_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290; characters of, 45, 46; early history of, 46, 47; specific description of, 45-48; tree and fruit characters of, 47, 48 _cerasifera atropurpurea_, 48 _Cerasifera Atropurpurea_ (syn. of Pissardi), 516 _Cerasifera fructu majore_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290 _Cerasifera Fructu Minore_ (syn. of Kleine Kirschpflaume), 476 _Cerasifera Zanthocarpa_ (syn. of Gelbe Kirschpflaume), 450 _chicasa_ (syn. of _P. augustifolia_), 82 _chicasa var. normalis_ (syn. of _P. gracilis_), 98 _cocomilia_, characters of, 44, 45; specific description of, 44, 45 _cocomilia brutia_, 45 _cocomilia puberula_, 45 _cocomilia typica_, 45 _communis_ (syn. of _P. insititia_), 34; (syn. of _P. triflora_), 49 _communis domestica_ (syn. of _P. domestica_), 12 _contorta_, 48 _curdica_, specific description of, 44 _damascena dominicalis praecox_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 199 _dasycarpa_, 48 _divaricata_, 46, 47 _domestica_ (syn. of _P. triflora_), 49; characters of, 12; division of and how divided, 26; history of, in America, 18-26; origin of, 12-18; specific description of, 12-34 _Domestica Cereola_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327 _domestica insititia_ (syn. of _P. insititia_), 34 _Domestica Juliana_ (syn. of Saint Julien), 335 _domestica myrobalan_ (syn. of _P. cerasifera_), 45 _Domestica var. cereola_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327 _Domestica var. Claudiana_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327 _elegans_, 48 _exigua_, 13 _fruticans_, 43 _gigantea_, 48 _gracilis_, characters of, 98; natural habitat of, 98; specific description of, 98, 99 _gravesii_, comparison of, with _P. maritima_, 96, 97; characters of, 96; specific description of, 96, 97 _hattan_ Tamari (syn. of _P. triflora_), 49 _hispanica_ (syn. of Spanish Damask), 546 _hortulana_ (syn. of _P. munsoniana_), 88; characters of, 64, 65; groups of hybrids included in, 65, 66; habitat of, 66, 67; specific description of, 64-68; value of, to American pomology, 67 _hortulana mineri_, specific description of, 68, 69 _hortulana robusta_, 232 _hortulana robusta_, discussion of group of, 67, 68 _ichangana_, 50 _injucunda_ (syn. of _P. umbellata injucunda_), 79 _insititia_ (syn. of Damson), 186; characters of, 34; comparison of, with _P. domestica_, 35, 36; discussion as to sub-species included in, 34, 35; groups included in, 39; habitat of, in the Old World, 37; history of, in America, 37-39; specific description of, 34-42 _insititia glaberrima_, 36 _Insititia var._ (syn. of Saint Julien), 335 _italica_ (syn. of Italian Damask), 470; (syn. of _P. domestica_), 12 _japonica_ (syn. of _P. triflora_), 49 _lanata_ (syn. of _P. americana mollis_), 63 _littoralis_ (syn. of _P. maritima_), 92 _lutea_, 13; (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451 _maritima_, characters of, 92; habitat of, 93, 94; specific description of, 92-96; value of, 94, 95 _mitis_, characters of, 80; specific description of, 80, 81 _mollis_ (syn. of _P. nigra_), 69 _monticola_, characters of, 49; specific description of, 49 _munsoniana_, characters of, 88, 89; comparison of, with _P. augustifolia_, 90; habitat of, 90; horticultural value of, 91; leading varieties of, 91, 92; specific description of, 88-92 _Myrobalan_ (syn. of _P. cerasifera_), 45 _Myrobalana_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290 _Myrobolana_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290 _neustriensis_ (syn. of Normand Perdrigon), 506 _nigra_, characters of, 69, 70; comparison of, with _P. americana_, 71, 72; habitat of, 70, 71; specific description of, 69-72 _œconomica_ (syn. of German Prune), 219; (syn. of _P. domestica_), 12 _orthosepala_, characters of, 97; specific description of, 97-98 _oxycarpa_, 13; (syn. of Bechstein Spitzpflaume), 400 _pendula_, 48 _Pissardi_ (syn. of Pissardi), 516 _Pissardii_ (syn. of Pissardi), 516 _planteriensis_, 48 _pomarium_, 36 _provincialis_ (syn. of Damas de Provence), 426 _pseudoarmeniaca_, 45 _pubescens_ (syn. of _P. maritima_), 92 _rivularis_, characters of, 99; specific description of, 99 _rubella_, 13 _silvestris_ (syn. of Sloe), 544 _Simoni_ (syn. of Simon), 346 _Simonii_ (syn. of Simon), 346; characters of, 55; history of, 56; specific description of, 55, 56 _Spinosa_ (syn. of Sloe), 544; characters of, 42; general discussion of, 43, 44; specific description of, 42-44 _Spinosa coatanea_, 42 _Spinosa dasyphylla_, 42 _Spinosa flore-pleno_, 42, 43 _Spinosa, foliis lanceolatis_ (syn. of Sloe), 544 _Spinosa macrocarpa_, 43 _Spinosa praecox_, 42 _Spinosa purpurea_, 43 _spinosa sessiliflora_, 42 _spinosa typica_, 42 _subcordata_, characters of, 74; habitat of, 74, 75; specific description of, 74-77; typical form of, 76 _subcordata kelloggii_, specific description of, 77, 78 _subrotunda_, 13 _subsylvestris_, 36 _sylvestris_, 13 _syriaca_, 36 _tarda_, characters of, 81; specific description of, 81, 82 _thibetica_, 50 _triflora_, botanical differences of, 53, 54; characters of, 49, 50; early history of, 50-52; introduction of, into America, 52; natural habitat of, 51; specific description of, 49-55; value of fruit of, 52, 53; variability of, 54, 55 _umbellata_, characters of, 78; habitat of, 79; specific description of, 78, 79 _umbellata injucunda_, characters of, 79, 80; specific description of, 79, 80 _ursina_, 45 _ursina flava_, 45 _vinaria_, 13 _watsoni_ (syn. of _P. augustifolia watsoni_), 85

Pseudo Mirabelle, 521

_Purple Damson_ (syn. of Damson, 186; of Winter Damson, 567)

Purple Diaper (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

_Purple Egg_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum, 326)

Purple Egg (syn. of Hudson), 243

_Purple Egg_ (syn. of Duane; of Red Magnum Bonum, 326)

Purple Favorite, 521

_Purple Favourite_ (syn. of Purple Favorite), 521

Purple Flesh, 521

Purple Gage, 318

Purple-leaved Hybrid, 521

Purple-leaved Plum (syn. of Pissardi), 516

_Purple Magnum Bonum_ (syn. of Duane, 196; of Red Magnum Bonum, 326; of Smith Orleans, 348)

Purple Panhandle, 521

_Purple winter Damson_ (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

Purple Yosemite, 521

_Purpur Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

Puymirol d’Ente, 522

P. violette americaine (syn. of American Violet), 394

Quackenbos (syn. of Quackenboss), 319

Quackenboss, 319

Quaker, 522

Quality, 522

_Quastche_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Quebec, 522

Queen, 522

_Queen Claude_ or _Claudia_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Queen Claude of Bavay (syn. of Bavay), 155

_Queene Mother_ (syn. of Myrobalan, 290; of Queen Mother, 522)

Queen May, 522

_Queen Mother_ (syn. of Queen Mother), 522

Queen Mother, 522

Queen of Arkansas, 523

_Queen Victoria_ (syn. of Sharp, 340; of Victoria, 363)

_Quetsch_; _Quetsch Allemande_ (syns. of German Prune), 219

_Quetsch Hongroise_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Quetsch Longue (syn. of German Prune), 219

_Quetsche_ (syn. of German Prune, 219; of Italian Prune, 253; of Korai, 478)

Quetsche à feuille argentée, 523

Quetsche Aplatie, 523

_Quetsche Bleue d’Italie_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Quetsche Rognon de Coq (syn. of Rognon de Coq), 533

Quetsche Buhl-Eltershofen, 523

_Quetsche Commune_; Quetsche D’Allemagne; _Quetsche d’Allemagne Grosse_ (syns. of German Prune), 219

_Quetsche Datte_ (syn. of Date, 428; of Hungarian, 246)

Quetsche Datte des Allemands, 523

_Quetsche Datte Violette_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Quetsche de Bazalicza_ (syn. of Bazalicza), 399

_Quetsche de Breme_ (syn. of Austrian Quetsche), 397

Quetsche de Dobrowitz, 523

_Quetsche de Dollan_ (syn. of Dollaner), 433

_Quetsche De Dorelle_; De Dorelle Nouvelle Grand; _De Dorelle Nouvelle Grande_ (syns. of Dorell), 434

_Quetsche de Doubrawie_ (syn. of Quetsche de Dobrowitz), 523

_Quetsche de Francfort_ (syn. of Frankfort Peach), 447

_Quetsche de Hongrie_ (syn. of Date, 428; of Hungarian, 246; of Ungarish, 361)

Quetsche de Kreuter, 523

_Quetsche de Kreuter_ (syn. of Quetsche de Kreuter), 523

_Quetsche de Létricourt_ (syn. of Quetsche Dr. Létricourt), 524

Quetsche de Leipzig (syn. of Merunka), 494

_Quetsche de Lorraine_, _de Malogne_, or _de Metz_ (syns. of German Prune), 220

Quetsche de Millot, 523

_Quetsche de Province_ (syn. of Quetsche Pointue), 524

Quetsche De Ransleben, 523

_Quetsche des Allemands_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Quetsche de Transylvanie, 523

_Quetsche de Transilvanie_ (syn. of Quetsche de Transylvanie), 523

_Quetsche d’Italie_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Quetsche Domestique (syn. of German Prune), 220

Quetsche Dr. Létricourt, 524

Quetsche Freestone, 524

_Quetsche Grosse_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

_Quetsche Grosse Blaue de la Worms_ (syn. of Zwetsche von der Worms), 572

_Quetsche Grosse Nouvelle De Dorrel_ (syn. of Dorell), 434

Quetsche Hâtive, 524

_Quetsche Hâtive de Liegel_ (syn. of Quetsche Précoce Liegel), 525

_Quetsche Hongroise_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Quetsche Jaune_ (syn. of Quetsche Dr. Létricourt), 524

_Quetsche Jaune de Hartwiss_ (syn. of Hartwiss), 459

_Quetsche Jaune de Reizenstein_ (syn. of Reizenstein Yellow Prune), 531

Quetsche Jaune Précoce, 524

_Quetsche Jaune Précoce_ (syn. of Quetsche Jaune Précoce), 524

_Quetsche Jaune Tardive_ (syn. of Gelbe Spätzwetsche), 451

Quetsche Longue Précoce, 524

Quetsche Maraichère, 524

Quetsche musquée de Hongrie (syn. of Hungarian Musk Prune), 465

_Quetsche-Pêche de Francfort_ (syn. of Frankfort Peach), 447

Quetsche Pointue, 524

Quetsche Précoce de Buhlerthal, 524

Quetsche Précoce De Frauendorf, 524

_Quetsche Précoce de Biondeck_ (syn. of Biondeck), 403

Quetsche Précoce de Fürst (syn. of Fürst), 217

_Quetsche Précoce de Fürst_ (syn. of Fürst Damson), 448

Quetsche Précoce Liegel, 525

_Quetsche Précoce de Liegel_ (syn. of Quetsche Précoce Liegel), 525

_Quetsche Précoce de Lucas_ (syn. of Précoce de Lucas), 518

Quetsche Précoce de Reutlingen (syn. of Reutlinger Frühzwetsche), 531

Quetsche Précoce De Schamal, 525

_Quetsche Précoce d’Esslingen_ (syn. of Esslinger Frühzwetsche), 444

_Quetsche Précoce de Wangenheim_ (syn. of Wangenheim), 368

Quetsche Ronde, 525

_Quetsche Rouge de Schmidt_ (syn. of Schmidt Rote Zwetsche), 541

_Quetsche Sucree_ (syn. of Large Sugar Prune), 480

_Quetsche Turkish_ (syn. of Turkish Prune), 556

Quetsche Verte D’Italie, 525

_Quetschen_ (syn. of German Prune), 219

Quetzen (syn. of German Prune), 220

Quintinye, quoted, 455, 496, 500, 531

Quitique, 525

Rachel, 525

Rademakers, 525

Rademaker’s Prune (syn. of Rademakers), 525

Ragland, 525

Rainfall, effects of, 104

_Rains_ (syn. of Kanawha), 474

Raisin, 525

Ramsey, F. T., var. orig. by, 525

Ramsey Last, 525

Ranette, 526

_Rang_ (syn. of Lang), 478

Rangheri, 526

_Rangheri’s Aprikosen Pflaume_; _Rangheri’s Frühe Gelbe Mirabelle_; _Rangheri’s Frühe Mirabelle_; _Rangheri’s Gelbe Mirabelle_; Rangheris Mirabelle; _Rangheris Mirabelle_ (syns. of Rangheri), 526

_Ranslebens Pflaume_ or _Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche De Ransleben), 523

Rareripe, 526

_Rare Ripe_ (syn. of Rareripe), 526

Ray, 526

Raymond, 526

Raynes, 526

Rea, John, quoted, 32, 407, 455

Reagan, 526

Reagles, C., quoted, 320; var. orig. by, 395, 526, 557

_Reagles’ Ancient City_ (syn. of Ancient City), 395

Reagles’ Gage (syn. of Reagle Gage), 526

Reagle Gage, 526

Reagles’ Union Purple (syn. of Union), 557

Rebecca, 526

Reche, 527

Red Apricot, 321

_Red Apricot_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Red Apricot_; Red Apricot Plum (syns. of Red Apricot), 321

Red Aubert (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Red Bonum Magnum_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

Red Cloud, 527

_Red Damask_ (syn. of Orleans), 302

_Red Date_, 322

Red Date-plum (syn. of Red Date), 322

Red Diaper, 322

_Red Diaper_; _Red Diaper Plum_; _Red Egg Plum_ (syns. of Red Diaper), 323

_Red Egg_; _Red Egg Plum_ (syns. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Red Fotheringham_ (syn. of Fotheringham), 212

Red Gage, 527

_Red Gage_ (syn. of Long Scarlet), 485

_Red Gage_ (syn. of Red Gage), 527

Red Gage of Dutchess County, 527

Red Glass, 527

Red Glass Junior, 527

_Red Gold_ (syn. of Gonzales), 232

Red Horse, 527

Redick, 527

_Red Imperial_ (syn. of Impératrice, 249; of Red Diaper, 323)

Red Imperial (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

Red June, 323

_Red June_ (syn. of Red June), 324

Red Magdalene, 527

_Red Magnum_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

Red Magnum Bonum, 325

_Red Magnum Bonum_ (syn. of Cooper, 423; of Impératrice, 249; of Red Magnum Bonum, 326; of Smith Orleans, 348)

Red Magnum Bonum (syn. of Duane), 196

Red May, 527

Red Mirabelle (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Red Mirobalane (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Red Muscle; Red Mussell (syns. of Muscle), 501

_Red Nagate_ (syn. of Berger, 160; of Chabot, 172; of Red June, 324)

Red October, 528

_Red Orleans_ (syn. of Early Orleans), 199

_Red Orleans_; Red Orleans Plum (syns. of Orleans), 302

Red Panhandle, 528

Red Pear, 528

Red Peascod, 528

Red Perdrigon, 528

_Red Perdrigon_ (syn. of Red Perdrigon), 528

Red Pescod (syn. of Red Peascod), 528

Red Plum, 59

Red Primordian, 528

_Red Primordian_ (syn. of Red Primordian), 528

Red Prune, 529

_Red Queen Mother_ (syn. of Queen Mother), 522

_Red Saint Martin_ or St. Martin (syns. of Saint Martin), 336

Red Skin, 529

Red Violet, 529

Red Virginal, 529

Red Wheate (syn. of Wheat), 563

Red Winter, 529

Reed, 529

Reed, P. H., var. orig. by, 529

Reel, 529

Reeves, Samuel, var. orig. by, 228

Regina, 529

_Regina nova_; _Reina Nova_ (syns. of Belle), 158

_Reina Nova_ or _Reine Nova_ (Berre) (syns. of Belle), 158

_Reine Blanche_; _Reine Blanche de Galopin_ (syns. of White Queen), 564

Reine Claud; _Reine-Claude_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Reine Claude, 326

_Reine Claude_ (syn. of Bavay, 155; of Small Reine Claude, 347)

Reine-Claude Abricotine, 529

_Reine-Claude à Fleurs Semi-double_ or _fleur semi-double_ (syns. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

_Reine-Claude Alex. Dumas_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

_Reine-Claude Aloise_ (syn. of Alois Reine Claude), 393

_Reine-Claude Althan’s_ (syn. of Altham), 141

_Reine-Claude Ancienne_, _Blanche_, _Blanche Grosse Espece_, _Blanche la Grosse_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Reine-Claude Azurée (syn. of Azure), 398

_Reine-Claude Bavay Hâtive_ (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

_Reine-Claude Blanche_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Reine-Claude Blanche de Boston_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

_Reine-Claude Blanche Petite Espece_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Reine-Claude Bleue_ (syn. of Blaue Reine Claude), 405

_Reine-Claude Boddaert_ (syn. of Boddaert), 165

_Reine-Claude Braunau_ (syn. of Abricotée de Braunau), 391

Reine-Claude Bryanston (syn. of Bryanston), 168

Reine-Claude Chauviere (syn. of Chauviere), 417

_Reine-Claude Comte Althan_ or _d’Althan_; _Reine-Claude d’Althan_; _Reine Claude d’Althann_ (syns. of Altham), 141

_Reine Claude Coulon_ (syn. of Coulon Reine Claude), 423

_Reine-Claude d’Alois_ (syn. of Alois Reine Claude), 393

_Reine-Claude d’Angouleme_ (syn. of Angouleme), 395

Reine-Claude d’Automne (syn. of Autumn Gage), 398

Reine-Claude Davion (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

_Reine Claude de Bavay_ (syn. of Bavay), 155

_Reine-Claude de Bavay Hâtive_ (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

_Reine-Claude De Berger_ (syn. of Peach), 309

Reine-Claude de Bleecker or _de Bleeker_ (syns. of Bleeker), 163

_Reine-Claude de Boddaert_ (syn. of Boddaert), 165

_Reine-Claude de Brahy_ (syn. of Brahy), 408

Reine Claude de Brignais, 529

_Reine-Claude de Brignais_ (syn. of Reine Claude de Brignais), 529

Reine-Claude de Chambourcy (syn. of Chambourcy), 174

_Reine-Claude de Comte Hathen_ (syn. of Altham), 141

Reine Claude d’Ecully, 529

_Reine-Claude de Flushings_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

_Reine-Claude De Guigne_ (syn. of Transparent), 360

Reine-Claude d’Ecully (syn. of Ecully), 441

_Reine-Claude de Jodoigne_ (syn. of Jodoigne), 472

_Reine-Claude de Juillet_ (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

_Reine-Claude de Lawrence_ (syn. of Lawrence), 266

Reine Claude de l’Echoisier, 530

_Reine-Claude de Meroldt_ (syn. of Meroldt), 494

Reine Claude de Mezel, 530

Reine-Claude de Monroe (syn. of Monroe), 287

_Reine-Claude de Montmorency_ (syn. of Montmorency), 499

Reine Claude de Razaimbaut, 530

_Reine-Claude de Razaimbaut_ (syn. of Reine Claude de Razaimbaut), 530

Reine Claude de Saint-Avertin, 530

Reine Claude Descarde, 530

Reine-Claude de Schuyler (syn. of Schuyler Gage), 541

Reine Claude de Vandenbrok, 530

Reine Claude de Wazon, 530

Reine-Claude de Webster (syn. of Webster Gage), 562

Reine-Claude de Woolston (syn. of Woolston), 567

Reine-Claude D’Henrietta (syn. of Henrietta Gage), 461

Reine-Claude d’Hudson (syn. of Hudson Gage), 465

_Reine-Claude Diaphane_ (syn. of Transparent), 360

_Reine-Claude Diaphane Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Transparent Gage), 440

Reine Claude d’Oberdieck, 530

Reine-Claude d’October; _Reine-Claude d’Octobre_ (syns. of Late Reine Claude), 481

_Reine-Claude Dore_; _Reine Claude Dorée_; _Reineclaude d’oree_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Reine-Claude d’Oullins_ (syn. of Oullins), 303

_Reine-Claude du Comte d’Althan_ or _Hathem_ (syns. of Altham), 141

_Reine-Claude Geante_ (syn. of Reisenzwetsche), 531

_Reine-Claude Grosse_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Reine Claude group, 27-29; origin of, 27-29; character of, 29; leading varieties of, 29

_Reine-Claude Hâtive_ (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

Reine Claude Hamaitre, 530

_Reine-Claude Hâtive d’Avion_ (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

_Reine-Claude Hâtive de Bavay_ (syn. of July Green Gage), 474

_Reine-Claude Impériale_ or _Impériale de Prince_ (syns. of Imperial Gage), 251

Reine-Claude Jaune De Dana (syn. of Dana Yellow Gage), 428

Reine-Claude Jaune De Prince (syn. of Yellow Gage), 388

_Reine-Claude Latinois_ (syn. of Chambourcy), 174

_Reine-Claude mit Halbgefullter Bluthe_ (syn. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

_Reine-Claude Monot_ (syn. of Bavay), 155

Reine-Claude Monstreuse de Bavey (syn. of Bavay), 155

Reine Claude Monstrueuse de Mezel, 530

_Reine-Claude Moyret_ (syn. of Moyret), 500

_Reine-Claudenartige Aprikosen Pflaume_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

Reine-Claude Noire de Woolston (syn. of Woolston), 567

_Reine-Claude Petite_ or _Petite Espèce_ (syns. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Reine Claude Précoce_ (syn. of Oullins), 303

_Reine-Claude Précoce de Razimbaud_ (syn. of Reine Claude de Razaimbaut), 530

_Reine-Claude Rouge_ (syn. of Belle), 158

Reine-Claude Rouge Americaine (syn. of Red Gage), 527

_Reine-Claude Rouge Comte Althan_; _Rouge de Hathen_; _rouge du comte Hethan_; _Rouge du Comte Hethan_ (syns. of Altham), 141

_Reine-Claude Rouge de Prince_ (syn. of Red Gage), 527

_Reine-Claude Rouge de Septembre_ (syn. of Belle), 158

_Reine-Claude Rouge de Van Mons_ (syn. of Belle), 158

Reine-Claude Rouge of September; _Reine-Claude Rouge Van Mons_ (syns. of Belle), 158

Reine Claude Sagot, 530

_Reine-Claude Semi-Double_ (syn. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

_Reine-Claude tardive_ (syn. of Chambourcy), 174

_Reine-Claude Tardive_ (syn. of Late Reine Claude), 481

Reine-Claude Tardive de Chambourcy; _Reine-Claude Tardive Latinois_ (syns. of Chambourcy), 174

_Reine Claude Transparent_; _Reine-Claude Transparente_ (syns. of Transparent), 360

_Reine-Claude Verde Perdrigon_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Reine-Claude Verte_ (syn. of Chambourcy, 174; of Reine Claude, 327)

_Reine-Claude Verte Impériale_ or _Verte Superieure_ (syns. of Imperial Gage), 251

_Reine-Claude Verte Tiquetée_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Reine-Claude Violette_ (syn. of Blaue Reine Claude, 405; of Purple Gage, 318)

Reine-Claude von Bavays (syn. of Bavay), 155

Reine-Claude von Boddaert (syn. of Boddaert), 165

Reine Claude von Bollwiller, 530

Reine Claude Von Brahy (syn. of Brahy), 408

Reine-Claude von Jodoigne (syn. of Jodoigne), 472

Reine-Claude von Oullins (syn. of Oullins), 303

Reine-Claudia; _Reine-Claudia Blanche La Grosse_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Reine de Chypre_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

Reine des Mirabelles, 530

_Reinette Claude d’Althan_ or _Comte d’Althan_ (syns. of Altham), 141

Reine Victoria, 531

_Reine Victoria_ (syn. of Victoria), 363

Reisenzwetsche, 531

_Reitzensteiner Gelbe Zwetsche_ (syn. of Gelbe Spätzwetsche, 451; of Reizenstein Yellow Prune, 531)

Reizenstein Yellow Prune, 531

_Reizenstein’s Yellow Prune_ (syn. of Reizenstein Yellow Prune), 531

Ransleben, M., var. orig. by, 523

_Rensselaar_, _Rensselaer_ or _Rensselvar Gage_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Reutlinger Frühzwetsche, 531

_Reutlinger Frühzwetsche_ (syn. of Reutlinger Frühzwetsche), 531

_Rex_ (syn. of Spanish King), 546

Rhinebeck Yellow Gage, 531

Rhodes, 531

Rhue, 531

_Rhue’s Seedling_ (syn. of Rhue), 531

_Rice Seed_ (syn. of Gaviota), 450

Richard Trotter, 531

Richland, 531

Riga 11, 532

_Riga 115_ (syn. of Aubert), 397

Rigny, 532

Rising Sun, 532

Rivers, Francis, var. orig. by, 403

Rivers, Thomas, var. orig. by, 149, 153, 185, 200, 233, 241, 286, 406, 425, 438, 440, 453, 459, 461, 481, 482, 489, 518, 532, 549, 550

_Rivers’ Blue Prolific_; _Rivers’ No. 4_ (syns. of Blue Prolific), 406

Rivers’ Blue Prolific; Rivers’ Early; _Rivers’ Early No. 2_; _Rivers’ Early Prolific_ or Early Prolific Plum, Rivers’ Frühe Fruchtbare; Rivers Frühpflaume; _Rivers’ No. 2_ (syns. of Early Rivers), 200

Rivers Early, 532

Rivers Early; _Rivers Early Favorite_; _River’s Early Favourite_; _River’s Early No. 1_; _Rivers Frühpflaume_; Rivers Früh Pflaume; _River’s No. 1_ Fruhpflaume; _Rivers_’ No. 2 (syns. of Early Favorite), 438

Rivers’ Early Apricot (syn. of Early Transparent Gage), 440

Rivers’ Early Damson (syn. of Rivers Early), 532

Rivers’ Early Transparent Gage (syn. of Early Transparent Gage), 440

River’s Late Prolific (syn. of Late Prolific), 481

Rivularis (syn. of Towakong), 554

_Robe de Sargent_ or _Sergent_ (syn. of Agen), 138

_Robe de Sergeant_ or _Sergent_ (syn. of Sergeant), 339

Robert, 532

Robert’s Freestone (syn. of Robert), 532

_Robinson_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Robinson, 329

Roby, H. R., var. orig. by, 532

Roby Yellow, 532

Roch-courbon; _Roche-Carbon_; _Roche Corbon_; _Roche Courbon_ (syns. of Red Diaper), 323

Rockford, 532

Rocky Mountain, 532

_Rocky Mountain Seedling_ (syn. of Rocky Mountain), 532

Rodney, 532

_Rodney Gage_ (syn. of Rodney), 532

Rodt Blaue Zwetsche, 533

Rodt Frühe Grosse Pflaumenzwetsche, 533

_Rodt’s Grosse Frühe Pflaumen-Zwetsche_ (syn. of Kaiser Wilhelm), 474

Roe, William, var. orig. by, 398

Roe’s Autumn; _Roe’s Autumn Gage_ (syns. of Autumn Gage), 398

Rognon D’Ane, 533

Rognon de Coq, 533

_Rognon-de-Coq de Nikita_ (syn. of Nikitaer Hahnenpflaume), 504

_Roi_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

_Roi-Claude_ (syn. of Oullins), 303

Roi d’Agen (syn. of Agen), 138

Rollande Galloppi, 533

Rollingstone, 330

Rolling Stone (syn. of Rollingstone), 330

Ronald Fancy, 533

_Rood_ (syn. of Empire), 203

Rood, Ezra, var. orig. by, 204

Ros-Pruim Double, 533

Ros-pruim Double (syn. of Horse), 464

Roselle, 533

_Rosinen Pflaume_ (syn. of Bechstein Spitzpflaume, 400; of Rote Zwetsche, 534)

Ross, 533

Ross, J. T., var. orig. by, 533

Ross Seedling (syn. of Ross), 533

Rossy Frühe Zwetsche, 533

_Rossy’s Früh Zwetsche_ (syn. of Rossy Frühe Zwetsche), 533

Rostrave Bell, 533

Rote Aprikosenpflaume or Aprikosenzwetsche (syns. of Red Apricot), 321

_Rote Claude_ (syn. of Belle), 158

_Rote Cyprische Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

Rote Dattelzwetsche (syn. of Red Date), 322

Rote Diaprée; Rote Eier Pflaume; _Rote Marunke_; _Rote Masche_; _Rote Osterei_; _Rote Ross Pflaume_; _Rothe Diapre_ or _Diaprée_; _Rothe Eierpflaume_; _Rothe Marunke_; _Rothe Süsse Pflaume_; _Rothe Violen Pflaume_; _Rouge Corbon_ (syns. of Red Diaper), 323

_Rote Eier Pflaume_; Rote Kaiserpflaume; _Rote Kaiser Zwetsche_; _Rothe Kaiserpflaume_; _Rothe Kaiserzwetsche_ (syns. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Rote Feigen Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

Rote Früh Damascene (syn. of Damas Rouge Hâtif), 427

_Rote Herbst Zeiberl_ (syn. of Rotes Zeiberl), 533

Rote Jungfernpflaume (syn. of Red Virginal), 529

Rote Kirschpflaume (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Rote Mirabelle, 533

Rote Nectarine (syn. of Nectarine), 291

Rote Washington (syn. of Brevoort Purple), 408

_Rote Zipper_; _Rote Zwetsche_ (syns. of Bechstein Spitzpflaume), 400

Rote Zwetsche, 534

Roter Perdrigon; Rother Perdrigon (syns. of Red Perdrigon), 528

_Roter Spilling_ (syn. of Hofinger Mirabelle), 462

_Rotes Taubenherz_ (syn. of Queen Mother), 522

Rotes Zeiberl, 533

_Rothgefleckte Goldpflaume_ (syn. of Belle de Schöeneberg), 401

_Rothe Aprikosenpflaume_ (syn. of Red Apricot), 321

_Rothe Frühdamascene_ (syn. of Damas Rouge Hâtif), 427

Rothe Jungfernpflaume, 534

_Rothe Königspflaume_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

_Rothe Mirabelle_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Rothe Nectarine (syn. of Nectarine), 291

_Rothe Nektarine_ (syn. of Peach), 309

_Rotherham_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

_Rotgefleckte Gold Pflaume_ (syn. of Belle de Schöeneberg), 401

_Rouge Corbon_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Rouge de Bleecker_ (syn. of Lombard), 268

_Rouge de Brevoort_ (syn. of Brevoort Purple), 408

_Rouge de Denniston_ (syn. of Denniston Red), 431

_Rouge de Liegel_ (syn. of Royale Hâtive de Liegel), 535

Rouge Hâtive (syn. of Red Primordian), 528

Rouge Hâtive de Nitka, 534

_Rouge tardive de Coe_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Rouge Tardive De Coe_ (syn. of Saint Martin Quetsche), 538

Roulette, 534

Round, 534

Round Black Damson (syn. of Damson), 186

_Round Damson_ (syn. of Damson), 186

Round Leaf Wonderful, 534

Rousse De Guthrie (syn. of Guthrie Russet), 457

Rowlett (syn. of Roulette), 534

Rowley, Jos., var. orig. by, 534

Rowley, 534

Roxburgh, quoted, 51

Royal, 534

_Royal_ (syn. of Climax, 178; of Royal, 534)

Royal Bullace, 534

Royal Dauphin (syn. of Royal Dauphin), 534

Royal Dauphin, 534

_Royal Dauphine_ (syn. of Sharp, 340; of Victoria, 363)

Royal de Braunac, 535

_Royal de Vilvorde_ (syn. of Jodoigne), 472

_Royale_ (syn. of Mayer Königspflaume, 493; of Royal, 534; of Royal Tours, 332)

Royale Dauphin (syn. of Royal Dauphin), 534

Royale de Behrens, 535

_Royale de Behrens_ (syn. of Royale de Behrens), 535

_Royale de Braunau_ (syn. of Buchner Königspflaume), 410

_Royale de Haffner_ (syn. of Haffner Königspflaume), 458

_Royale de Koch_ (syn. of Koch Königspflaume), 477

_Royale de Lucas_ (syn. of Lucas Königspflaume), 487

_Royale de Mayer_ (syn. of Mayer Königspflaume), 493

_Royale de Paris Tardive_ (syn. of Perdrigon Tardif), 515

Royale de Siebenfreud, 535

_Royale de Siebenfreund_ (syn. of Royale de Siebenfreud), 535

_Royale de Tours_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

_Royale de Trapp_ (syn. of Trapps Königspflaume), 555

_Royale du Dr. Koch_ (syn. of Koch Königspflaume), 477

_Royale Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Royal), 201

_Royale Hâtive_ or _Hâtive de Liegel_ (syns. of Royale Hâtive de Liegel), 535

Royale Hâtive de Liegel, 535

_Royal Hâtive de Nikita_ (syn. of Early Royal of Nikita), 440

_Royale tres-grosse_ (syn. of Royal), 534

Royale Violette de Keindl, 535

_Royale Violette de Keindt_ (syn. of Royale Violette de Keindl), 535

_Royal Green Gage_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Royal Hâtive (syn. of Early Royal), 201

_Royale Hâtive de Nikita_ (syn. of Early Royal of Nikita), 440

Royal of Tours (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

Royal Pea, 535

_Royal Plumb_; _Royal Red_ (syns. of Royal), 534

_Royal red Plum_; _Royal Tours_ (syns. of Royal Tours), 332

Royal Tours, 332

Royer Aprikosen Pflaume, 535

Ruben Burgunder Zwetsche, 535

Ruby, 535

Rudolph, 536

_Rudolph’s Pflaume_ (syn. of Prune de Rudolphe), 521

_Rudolphspflaume_ (syn. of Rudolph), 536

Rue, 536

Rue, J. B., var. orig. by, 536

Ruff Choice, 536

Ruff Spanish, 536

Runde Brisette (syn. of Late Mirabelle), 263

_Runde Rote Damascene_ (syn. of Liegel Rote Damascene), 484

Runyon, O. R., var. orig. by, 359

Russian Mirabelle, 536

Russian No. 2, 536

Russian No. 3, 536

_Russian plum 20 M._ (syn. of Burbank), 170

Rutland Plumcot, 333

_Sabel Pflaume_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Sada, 536

Saffold, 536

Sagetsuma (syn. of Sagetsuna), 536

Sagetsuna, 536

St. Anne, 537

Saint Antoine, 537

Saint Antonio, 537

Saint Aubert (syn. of St. Aubert), 537

St. Aubert, 537

_Sainte Barnabé_; _St. Barnabée_ (syns. of Early Yellow), 203

Saint Catherine, 334

St. Catharine; _Saint Catherine_; _Sainte Catherine_; _Sainte-Catherine_; _Sainte-Catherine jaune_, _ordinaire_ or _de Tours_; St. Katharine (syns. of Saint Catherine), 334

_Sainte-Catherine_ (Belgien) (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Saint Clair_; _St. Claire_; _Saint Claire_; _Sainte-Claire_ (syns. of Bavay), 155

_Saint Cloud_ (syn. of Goliath), 231

_Saint Cyr_ (syn. of Morocco), 288

St. Etienne, 537

St. James, 537

St. James’ Quetsche (syn. of St. James), 537

_Saint-Jean_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

_Saint Jean_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_St. Jean_ (syn. of Early St. John), 440

St. John, 537

_St. Julian_; St. Julien; _Saint Julien_; Saint Julien Petit (syns. of Saint Julian), 335

Saint Julien, 335

St. Julien group, discussion of, 41, 42

St. Lawrence, 537

_Saint Loo_ (syn. of Valence), 557

Saint Martin, 336

_Saint_ (or _St._) _Martin_ or _Martin Rouge_ (syns. of Saint Martin), 336

Saint-Martin; Saint Martin’s; _Saint Martin’s Quetsche_ (syns. of Saint Martin Quetsche), 538

Saint Martin Quetsche, 538

Saint Maurin; _St. Maurin_; _Saint Mauriniana_ (syns. of Agen), 138

Saint Pierre, 538

St. Remo, 538

Sainte Theresa, 537

Sandall, var. orig. by, 538

Sandall, 538

Sandall’s Plum (syn. of Sandall), 538

Sanders, 538

Sanderson, 538

Sandle, 538

Sandoz, 538

Sand Plum, 538

_Sanguine_ (syn. of Satsuma), 337

_Sankt-Julians Pflaume_ (syn. of Damson), 186

_Sankt-Michel’s Pflaume_ (syn. of September Damask), 542

Sannois, 538

Sannois Quetsche (syn. of Sannois), 538

_Sans Noyau_ (syn. of Stoneless), 353

Sans-Noyau (syn. of Stoneless), 353

Sansoto, 539

Santa Rosa, 539

Sapa, 539

Saratoga, 539

Sargent, quoted, 97

Saskatchewan, 539

Satin, 539

Satsugon, 539

Satsuland, 539

Satsuma, 337

_Satsuma_ (syn. of Berger), 160

Satsuma Blood (syn. of Satsuma), 337

_Sauere Weinpflaume_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

_Sauere Wein Pflaume Von Yorkshire_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

Saunders, 339

_Saunders Seedling_ (syn. of Saunders), 339

Sauvageon, 539

_Savoy_ (syn. of Isle-Verte), 470

Sayer Favorite, 540

Scaldatello (syn. of Scaudatella), 540

Scaldatone, 540

Scanarda, 540

_Scanarda_ (syn. of Scanarda), 540

_Scarlet Gage_ (syn. of Long Scarlet), 485

Scaudatella, 540

Schamal, 540

Schamal, M., var. orig. by, 525, 540

_Schamal_ (syn. of Schamal), 540

_Schamals Frühzwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Précoce De Schamal), 525

_Schamals Herbstpflaume_ (syn. of Schamal), 540

Scheidweiler, M., var. orig. by, 205

Schenectady, 540

_Schenectady Catharine_, _Catherine_ or Catherine Plum (syns. of Schenectady), 540

Schieblers Eier Pflaume, 540

Schiebler Luisante, 540

Schlachter Früh Zwetsche, 540

_Schlehen Pflaume_ (syn. of Damson), 186

Schley, 540

Schley, Philip, var. orig. by, 425

_Schley’s Large Red_ (syn. of Schley), 540

Schmidt Rote Zwetsche, 541

Schneider, quoted, 44

Schoenthal, 541

_Schöne September Königspflaume_ (syn. of Belle), 158

_Schöne von Lowen_ (syn. of Belle de Louvain), 400

Schöne von Riom, 541

_Schöne von Schöneberg_ (syn. of Belle de Schöeneberg), 401

Schuyler, General, var. orig. by, 541

Schuyler Gage, 541

_Schuyler Gage_ (syn. of Schuyler Gage), 541

_Schuyler_ or _Schuyler’s Gage_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Schwarze Mirabelle_ (syn. of Norbert), 505

_Schwarze Muskateller Pflaume_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

_Schwarze Reine-Claude_ (syn. of Blaue Reine Claude), 405

_Schwarzer Perdrigon_ (syn. of Normand Perdrigon), 506

Schweizer Pflaume (syn. of Suisse), 549

_Schweizer Zwetsche_; _Schweizerzwetsche_ (syns. of Italian Prune), 253

_Schweizer Zwetsche_ (incor.) (syn. of Large English), 262

Scioto, 541

Scott & Co., var. orig. by, 211

Scribner, 541

_Sea_ (syn. of Howell), 465

Sea-Egg, 541

Semiana, 541

Semiana (syn. of Suisse), 549

_Semiana_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Semiana of Boston (syn. of Semiana), 541

_Semi-double flowering Reine Claude_ (syn. of Double Flowering Gage), 192

Semina (syn. of Semiana), 541

_Semis de Bury_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 229

_Semis de Dorr_ (syn. of Dorr Seedling), 434

_Semis de Dry_ (syn. of Dry Seedling), 436

_Semis de Pond_ (syn. of Pond), 314

Seper, 542

_Seper’s Peach_ (syn. of Seper), 542

September, 542

_September Damascene_ (syn. of Perdrigon Tardif), 515

_September Damascene_, _Damask_ or _Damson_ (syns. of September Damask), 542

September Damask, 542

_Serdali Irek_ (syn. of Gelbe Kirschpflaume), 450

Sergeant, 339

_Shailer’s White Damson_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

Shaker, 542

Sharp, 340

Sharp; _Sharpe’s Emperor_; _Sharp’s Emperor_; _Sharps Kaiserpflaume_ (syns. of Sharp), 340

Sharp; _Sharpe’s Emperor_; _Sharpe’s Emperor_; _Sharp’s Kaiserpflaume_ (syns. of Victoria), 363

Shaw, 542

Shedd Cluster, 542

_Sheen_ (syn. of Fotheringham), 212

Sheldon, 542

Sheldrake, 340

Shepherd Bullace, 542

Shepherd’s White (syn. of Shepherd Bullace), 542

_Shepler_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

Shepway Bulleis, 542

Shilling, 543

Shipper, 341, 543

_Shipper_ (syn. of Marketman), 491

_Shipper Pride_; Shipper’s Pride; _Shippers’ Pride_ (syns. of Shipper), 341

Shirata Bene, 543

Shiro, 342

_Shiro Smomo_ (syn. of Berger, 160; of Ogon, 298; of Red June, 324)

Shropshire, 344

_Shropshire Damson_ (syn. of Shropshire), 344

Shviata Bene, 543

Siamese, 543

Sidone, 543

Siebenbürger Pflaume, 543

_Siebenburger Pflaume_ (syn. of Early Yellow), 203

_Siebenburger Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche de Transylvanie), 523

_Siebenfreud’s Königspflaume_; Siebenfreund’s Königspflaume (syns. of Royale de Siebenfreud), 535

Sierra, 543

Sierra Crimson (syn. of Sierra), 543

Silassy, 543

Silas Wilson, 543

_Silberblattrige Zwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche à feuille argentée), 523

Silva Köning Claudie, 543

_Silver Prune_ (syn. of Golden Drop), 229

_Simiana_ (syn. of Semiana, 541; of Suisse, 549)

Simon, 345

Simon, Victor, var. orig. by, 551

_Simon_; _Simon’s Chinese Apricot Plum_; Simon’s Peach; Simon’s Plum (syns. of Simon), 346

Simpson, 346

Simpson, W. B., var. orig. by, 414.

_Sinomo_ (syn. of Kelsey), 258

_Sir Charles Worsley’s_ (syn. of Royal), 534

Sirocco, 544

Sisson, 544

Sixby, 544

Six Weeks, 544

_Skorospielka_ (syn. of Early), 437

Skuya, 544

Slee-Pruim (syn. of Sloe), 544

Sloe, 544

Sloe Plum, 59

Small, quoted, 80

Small Black Damask (syn. of Black Damask), 404

_Small Damas_ (syn. of Black Damask), 404

Small Green Drying, 544

_Small Green Gage_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Small Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

_Small Queen Claude_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_Small Red Damask_; Small Red Damson (syns. of Queen Mother), 522

Small Reine Claude, 347

_Small Round Damson_ (syn. of Damson, 186; of White Damson, 374)

_Small White Damask_ (syn. of Small White Damson), 545

Small White Damson, 544

Smiley, 545

Smith, Captain John, quoted, 84, 93

Smith, var. orig. by, 348

Smith, 545

Smith, A. M., var. orig. by, 545

Smith, C. A., var. orig. by, 545

Smith, E. F., quoted, 131

Smith, W. & T. Co., quoted, 118

Smith October, 545

Smith Orleans, 348

Smith Prolific, 545

_Smith Prune_ (syn. of Diamond), 191

Smith Red, 545

_Smith’s Herrn Pflaume_; _Smith’s large Orleans_; _Smith’s Orleans_; Smith’s Orleans Pflaume (syns. of Smith Orleans), 348

Smith’s large October (syn. of Impératrice), 249

_Smith’s Orleans_ (syn. of Cooper), 423

Smith’s Prune (syn. of Diamond), 191

_Smith’s Prune_ (syn. of Kingston), 476

Smith’s Red (syn. of Smith Red), 545

Snelling, 545

Snelling, W. H., var. orig. by, 546

_Snooks_ (syn. of New Ulm), 293

Snyder, 546

Sophie, 349

Souris, 546

_Sour Wine Plum of Yorkshire_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

South Cumberland, 546

Southern Beauty, 546

Southern Golden, 546

_Souvenir de Madame Nicolle_ (syn. of Madame Nicolle), 488

Spanish (syn. of Spanish King), 546

Spanish Damascene; _Spanish Damask_; Spanish Red Damask (syns. of Spanish Damask), 546

Spanish Damask, 546

Spanish King, 546

_Spanish King_ (syn. of Lombard), 268

_Späte Dattel Pflaume_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Späte Herrn Pflaume_; _Späte Königs Pflaume_; _Späte Königs Pflaume aus Paris_; _Später Perdrigon_ (syns. of Perdrigon Tardif), 515

_Späte Mirabelle_ (syn. of Late Mirabelle, 263; of Saint Catherine, 334)

Späte Muskateller; Späte Muskatellerpflaume (syns. of Late Muscatelle), 264

_Späte Muskateller Pflaume_ (syn. of Tardive Musquée), 551

_Späte Schwarze Damascene_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

Späte von Chalons (syn. of Late Chalons), 480

Späte Zwetsche Von Karlstadt, 546

Spath, M., var. orig. by, 395

Spaulding, 350

Speckled Gage, 546

Speer, 547

_Spelge_ (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451

Spicer, 547

_Spilge_ (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451

Spilling Jaune-double, 547

Spilling Jaune-simple (syn. of White Wheat), 565

_Spindel Pflaume_ (syn. of Gemeiner Gelbe Spilling), 451

_Spitszwetsche_ (syn. of Quetsche Pointue), 524

_Spitzige Rote Pflaume_; _Spitz Pflaume_ (syns. of Rote Zwetsche), 534

_Spitzige Rote Pflaume_ (syn. of Bechstein Spitzpflaume), 400

_Spitz Pflaume_ (syn. of Bechstein Spitzpflaume), 400

Spitzzwetsche (syn. of Quetsche Pointue), 524

Splendid, 547

Splendor, 547

Spotted Gage, 547

Springer, 547

Stabeler Seedling, 547

_Stambul Erik oder Irek_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

Standard, 548

_Standard of England_ (syn. of Standard), 548

Stanton, 352

Stanton’s Seedling (syn. of Stanton), 352

Stark Brothers, quoted, 116, 213

Stark Green Gage, 548

Starnes, H. N., quoted, 131, 376

Steer’s Emperor; _Steers’ Emperor_ (syns. of Goliath), 231

Steinlose Zwetsche (syn. of Stoneless), 353

Steinman, 548

Steinman, C., var. orig. by, 548

Stella, 548

_Stengel Pflaume_ (syn. of Werder’sche Frühzwetsche), 563

Stephens, John D., var. orig. by, 533

Steptoe, 548

Sterling, 548

Stickney, 548

Stint, 548

Stintpflaume (syn. of Stint), 548

Stocks, varieties of, 114-120

Stoddard, 352

Stoddart (syn. of Stoddard), 352

Stoneless, 353

_Stoneless_ (syn. of Stoneless), 353

Stonewood, 549

Stout, var. orig. by, 549

Stout, 549

Strachey, quoted, 84

Strawberry, 549

_Strawberry_ (syn. of Berger), 160

Striped-leaved, 549

Strong, William, var. orig. by, 512

Stumpe (syn. of Howe), 464

Stumpe, Mrs., var. orig. by, 465

_Stumpy_ (syn. of Howe), 464

Sucker State, 549

_Sucree de Trauttenberg_, or Sucree-Douce De Trauttenberg (syns. of Trauttenberg), 555

_Sucrin Vert_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Sugar, 354

Sugar Prune (syn. of Sugar), 354

_Suisina Grossella Piccola_ (syn. of Musk Damson), 501

Suisse, 549

Sultan, 549

_Sultan_ (syn. of Occident), 295

Sultaneck Erick, 549

_Sultaneck Erik_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Summer Damson_ (syn. of Damas d’Ete), 426

Sunrise, 549, 550

Sunset, 550

Superbe de Denniston (syn. of Denniston Superb), 431

Superbe de Huling (syn. of Hulings), 245

_Superior Gage_; _Superiour_ or _Superior Green Gage_ (syns. of Imperial Gage), 251

_Superior Gage_; _Superior Green Gage_ (syns. of Washington), 368

Supreme (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Surpasse Monsieur, 550

Surprise, 355

Susina Di Santa Caterina (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

_Susina Massina Piccola_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

Susina Regina (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Susina Settembrica Quialla_ (syn. of Reizenstein Yellow Prune), 531

Susina Torla d’Nova di Borgogna (incor.) (syn. of Burgundy Prune), 412

Susina or Susino Vecchietti (syns. of Catelano Violaceo), 416

_Susina Verdachia Longa_ (syn. of Grüne Dattel Zwetsche), 456

Susino Catalano (syn. of Catalano), 415

Susino Damaschino Settembrino (syn. of Damaschino Settembrino), 426

Susino Scaudatella (syn. of Scaudatella), 540

_Suwanee_ (syn. of Wild Goose), 378

Svedske Tidlig Leipziger, 550

Svedske Ungersk, 550

Swan, 550

Swan (syn. of Swan Golden), 550

Swan Golden, 550

Swan’s Yellow (syn. of Swan Golden), 550

_Sweet Botan_ (syn. of Abundance, 136; of Berckmans, 159)

Sweet Damson, 550

_Sweet Damson_ (syn. of Fürst Damson, 448; of Horse, 464)

_Sweet Prune_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Swift, 550

_Swiss_ or _Switzer’s Plum_ (syns. of Suisse), 549

_Swiss Prune_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

_Syrische Pflaume_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Szillassy Piros, 550

Tabor, G. L., var. orig. by, 207

Tante Anne (syn. of Aunt Ann), 397

_Tardif_ or _Tardive de Chalons_ (syns. of Late Chalons), 480

_Tardive de Chambourcy_ (syn. of Chambourcy), 174

Tardive de Corny, 551

Tardive de Fourqueux, 551

Tardive de Genes, 551

_Tardive de Rivers_ (syn. of Late Rivers), 481

Tardive Musquée, 551

Tarleton, 551

Tatge, 551

Tawny, 551

Taybank, 551

_Tchernaya Arabskaya_ (syn. of Black Arabka), 404

_Tchernaya vengerskaya_ (syn. of Black Prune), 404

Tecumseh, 552

Temperature, phases of, 102

Temple, 552

Tenant or Tennant Prune (syns. of Tennant), 357

Tennant, 357

Tennant, Rev. John, var. orig. by, 357

Tenneha, 552

Tennessee, 552

Tennessee Plum (syn. of Tennessee), 552

Terrell, 552

Terry, 552

Terry, H. A., life of, 242; var. orig. by, 193, 238, 242, 280, 391, 393, 402, 406, 408, 410, 415, 416, 419, 421, 422, 424, 425, 429, 431, 432, 434, 435, 441, 443, 444, 447, 448, 451, 453, 462, 469, 471, 472, 473, 483, 484, 485, 486, 490, 491, 492, 494, 503, 509, 513, 518, 519, 522, 529, 536, 542, 543, 552, 558, 559, 561, 562, 564, 566, 568

Terry De Soto, 552

Terry’s Desota (syn. of Terry De Soto), 552

_Teutsche blaue Zwetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Texas Belle, 552

Texas Gauge, 552

Thanksgiving, 553

Thanksgiving Prune (syn. of Thanksgiving), 553

_The Beauty_ (syn. of Corymbus), 423

The Coe’s Plum (syn. of Golden Drop), 229

The Cook’s Choice (syn. of Cook Choice), 422

_The Czar_ (syn. of Czar), 184

The Dosch (syn. of Dosch), 435

The Gem (syn. of Gem), 451

_The Great Damask Plum_ (syn. of Lange Violette Damascene), 479

The Green Damosine Plum (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

The Impératrice Plum (syn. of Impératrice), 249

The Imperial Plum (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

The Myrobalane Plum (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

The Nectarine Plum (syn. of Nectarine), 291

_The New Apricot Plum_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

The Purple Myrobalan (syn. of Pissardi), 516

The St. Julian Plum (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

The Washington Plum (syn. of Washington), 368

The White Impératrice Plum (syn. of White Impératrice), 375

Theresa, 553

Thomas, 553

Thomas October, 553

Thomaspflaume (syn. of Thomas), 553

Thompson’s Golden Green, 553

Thorndyke Gage, 553

Thousand-And-One, 553

Thresher, 553

Throop, 553

Throop, Calvin, var. orig. by, 548

Throop No. 1, 554

Throop No. 2, 554

Throssel, 554

Tillemond, 554

Tinsley, J. H., var. orig. by, 383

_Tobe’s Gage_ (syn. of Deaton), 429

Tobias Gage, 554

_Togari_ (syn. of Kelsey), 258

Togo, 554

Tokeya, 554

Tomato, 554

Tomlingson, 554

Tomlinson’s Charlotte (syn. of Charlotte), 417

Topaz (syn. of Guthrie Topaz), 457

_Topaze de Guthrie_ (syn. of Guthrie Topaz), 457

_Torlo d’Ovo_ or _d’Uovo_ (syns. of Saint Catherine), 334

Towakong, 554

_Townsend_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Trabesche, 555

Trabeshe (syn. of Trabesche), 555

Tragedy, 358

Traer (syn. of De Soto), 189

Tradescant, John, var. orig. by, 326

Tragedy Prune (syn. of Tragedy), 358

Transparent, 360

_Transparent_ (syn. of Macedonia, 488; of Yellow Transparent, 570)

Transparente, 555

_Transparent Gage_, Gage Plum or Green Gage (syns. of Transparent), 360

_Transparent Yellow_ (syn. of Yellow Transparent), 570

Trapps Königspflaume, 555

Traubenpflaume, 555

Trauttenberg, 555

_Trauttenbergs Aprikosenpflaume_ (syn. of Abricotée de Trauttenberg), 391

_Trauttenberg Zuckersüsse_ (syn. of Trauttenberg), 555

Trayer (syn. of De Soto), 189

Trianon, 555

Trinkle, John W., var. orig. by, 555

Trinkle No. 4, 555

_Triomphe Garcon_ or _Valet_; _Trompe Garcon_ or _Valet_; _Tromp-Valet_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Trostle, 555

Trotter, Lillian A., var. orig. by, 443

Trotter, Richard, var. orig. by, 473, 484, 511

_Trouvée de Vaunêge_ or Vonêche (syns. of Trouvée de Voueche), 555

Trouvée de Voueche, 555

_True Large German Prune_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

_True Sweet Botan_ (syn. of Berckmans), 159

Truro, 556

Tucker, 556

Tucker, Ezra W., var. orig. by, 556

Tudor, 556

Tupper, var. orig. by, 190

Turkey, 556

Turkey Plumb (syn. of Turkey), 556

Turkie (syn. of Turkey), 556

_Türkische Gelbe Pflaume_ (syn. of Imperial Ottoman), 467

_Türkische Kirsche_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Türkische Zwetsche_ (syn. of Hungarian, 246; of Red Date, 322)

_Turkish Prune_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Turkish Prune, 556

_Turkish Quetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Turky (syn. of Turkey), 556

Turner, Stephen H., var. orig. by, 552

Twice Bearing, 556

Twins, 557

Tzaueron, 557

_Uchi Bene_; _Uchi-Beni_ (syns. of Berger), 160

_Uchi Beni_ (syn. of Chabot), 172

Ulysses, 557

Uncle Ben, 557

Ungarische (syn. of Ungarish), 361

_Ungarische Blaue Eier_ (syn. of Kaiser Wilhelm), 474

Ungarische Dattelzwetsche (syn. of Hungarian), 246

Ungarische Dattel Zwetsche, 557

_Ungarische Pflaume_, _Sabel Pflaume_ or _Zwetsche_ (syns. of Hungarian), 246

_Ungarische Späte Bouteillen Zwetsche_ (syn. of Ungarische Dattel Zwetsche), 557

_Ungarische Zwetsche_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

Ungarish, 361

Ungarish Prune (syn. of Ungarish), 361

Union, 557

_Union Purple_ (syn. of Union), 557

_United States_ (syn. of U. S.), 557

_Ura-Beni_ (syn. of Berger), 160

Uryany, 557

U. S., 557

_Usum Erreck_ (syn. of Traubenpflaume), 555

Utah, 362

Utah Hybrid (syn. of Utah), 362

_Uwase_ (syn. of Shviata Bene), 543

_Vail’s Seedling_ (syn. of Large Golden Prolific), 479

Vakanzpflaume (syn. of September Damask), 542

Valence, 557

Valentia, 558

Valienciennes, 558

Value, 558

Van Benschoten, 558

Van Buren, 558

Van Deman, 558

Van Dieman (syn. of Van Deman), 558

Van Houten, 558

Van Mons, var. orig. by, 158

_Van Mons Königspflaume_ (syn. of Belle), 158

Van Mons’ Red; _Van Mons Red Gage_ (syns. of Belle), 158

Variegated Plum (syn. of Lombard), 268

_Veilchen Pflaume_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

Venetianische Zweimal Tragende, 558

Venus, 558

_Verdacchia rotonda_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

Verdacchio, 588

Verdache, 558

_Verdacia_ (syn. of Reine Claude), 327

_Verdage D’Italie_ (syn. of Quetsche Verte D’Italie), 525

_Verdoch_; _Verdochia_; _Verdochio_; _Verducia_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Verdock (syn. of Verdacchio), 558

_Veritable Imperatrice_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

Vermilion, 558

Vermilon Hâtif, 559

_Vertage d’Italie tres-grosse_ (syn. of Quetsche Verte D’Italie), 525

_Vert_ or _Verte Bonne_; _Verte d’Espagne_; _Verte Tiquetée_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

Verte à Secher de Knight (syn. of Large Green Drying), 479

_Verte Tardive de Guthrie_ (syn. of Guthrie Late), 236

Vesuvius, 559

Vick, 559

Victoire de Nelson (syn. of Nelson), 503

Victor, 559

Victoria, 362, 559

_Victoria_ (syn. of Sharp, 340; of Victoria, 363)

Victoria-Pflaume; _Victoria’s Kaiserzwetsche_ (syns. of Victoria), 363

Victor Sand Cherry, 559

_Vilmot’s Green Gage_, _Late Green Gage_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Vineuse acidule_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

_Vinisour_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

_Violet_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Violet, 559

Violet Damask (syn. of Damas Violet), 427

_Violet de Tours_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Violet Diaper, 365

_Violet Diaper_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

_Violet Empress_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

_Violet Gage_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

Violet Imperial, 559

_Violet Perdrigon_ (syn. of Blue Perdrigon, 164; of Cooper, 423; of Smith Orleans, 348)

Violet Plumb (syn. of Violet), 559

_Violet Queen Claude_ (syn. of Purple Gage), 318

Violet Royal, 559

_Violette Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Violette_ (syn. of Imperatrice), 249

Violette (syn. of Violet), 559

Violette Americaine, 559

_Violette Dattelzwetsche_ (syn. of Agen, 138; of Hungarian, 246)

_Violette de Galopin_ (syn. of Galopin), 449

_Violette de Jerusalem_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Violette de Tours_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

Violette Diaprée (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

_Violette d’Octobre_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Violette Fasanenpflaume_, _Fasanen Pflaume_, _Huhnerpflaume_, _Huhner Pflaume_, or _Rebhuhn Pflaume_; _Violetter Perdrigon_; _Violettes Rebhühnerei_ (syns. of Blue Perdrigon), 164

Violette Galopin (syn. of Galopin), 449

_Violette Hâtive_ (syn. of Early Tours), 202

_Violette Jerusalem_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Violette Jerusalemspflaume_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Violette Kaiserin_ (syn. of Dunkelblaue Kaiserin, 437; of Impératrice, 249)

_Violette Kaiser Pflaume_ (syn. of Blue Egg), 405

Violette Königspflaume (syn. of Early Royal), 201

_Violette October Pflaume_ (syn. of Saint Martin Quetsche), 538

_Violette Octoverpflaume_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Violette oder Blaue Kaiserpflaume_ (syn. of Red Magnum Bonum), 326

_Violette Oktoberpflaume_ (syn. of Saint Martin), 336

_Violette Queen Claude_; Violette Reine-Claude (syns. of Purple Gage), 318

Violette Reine-Claude Von Brignais (syn. of Reine Claude de Brignais), 529

_Violetter Perdrigon_ (syn. of Smith Orleans), 348

_Violette Violen Pflaume_ (syn. of Violet Diaper), 365

Virgata, 559

Virgie, 560

_Virgin_ (syn. of Red Virginal, 529; of White Virginal, 565)

_Virginal à Fruit Blanc_ or _Rouge_, _à gros Fruit blanc_, Blanc; _Virginale_; _Virginale à Fruit Rouge_; _Virginale Blanc_ or _Rouge_ (syns. of Red Virginal), 529

_Virginal à gros fruit blanc_; _Virginal blanc_; Virginale; _Virginale à Fruit Blanc_, _à gros fruit blanc_, Virginale blanche (syns. of White Virginal), 565

_Virginale_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Virginale_ (syn. of Red Virginal), 529

_Virginale Blanche_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

Virginia Damson, 560

_Virginian Cherry_ (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

_Virginische Ludwig’s Pflaume_ (syn. of Hungarian), 246

_Virginische Pflaume_ (syn. of Red Diaper), 323

_Von Flotows Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle de Flotow), 497

Von Berlepsch Zwetsche, 560

Von Bose Rote Zwetsche, 560

Von Lade Späte Mirabelle, 560

Von Hartwiss’ Gelbe Zwetsche (syn. of Hartwiss), 459

Von Moro Reine Claude, 460

_Von Trapp’s Königs Pflaume_ (syn. of Trapps Königspflaume), 555

Von Trauttenberg’s Aprikosenpflaume (syn. of Abricotée de Trauttenberg), 391

Von Trauttenberg’s Zuckersüsse (syn. of Trauttenberg), 555

_Von Wangenheim Pflaume_ (syn. of Wangenheim), 368

Voronesh, 365

Voronesh Blue (syn. of Blue Moldavka), 405

Voronesh Yellow (syn. of Voronesh), 365

Voslauer Zwetsche, 560

Vulcan, 560

Wabash, 560

Wady, 560

_Wady’s Early_ (syn. of Wady), 560

Wager (syn. of Orange), 300

Wagner, 560

Wagner, J. F., var. orig. by, 411, 462, 560

Wagner No. 9 (syn. of Wagner), 560

_Wahre Aprikosen Pflaume_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Wahre blaue Eierpflaume_ (syn. of Jerusalem), 472

_Wahre Caledonian_ (syn. of Goliath), 231

Wahre Frühzwetsche, 560

_Wahre Königspflaume_ (syn. of Royal), 534

_Wahre Schlehen Damascene_ (syn. of Damson), 186

Wahre Weisse Diaprée, 561

_Wahre Zwetsche_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Wakapa, 561

Walker Seedling, 561

Wallace, 561

Wales, 366

Walker, A. W., var. orig. by, 561

Walter, 561

Walter, Herr, var. orig. by, 561

Walther Pflaume, 561

Wangenheim, 367

_Wangenheim Hâtive_, _Wangenheims Frühzwetsche_ (syns. of Wangenheim), 368

Wangenheims Früh Zwetsche (syn. of Wangenheim), 368

_Waran Erik_ (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504

Ward October Red, 561

Warner, 561

Warner’s Late or Late Red (syns. of Warner), 561

Warren, 561

_Warren_ (syn. of Newman), 292

Washington, 368

_Washington_; _Washington Bolmar_, _Gage_, _Jaune_, _Mammot_, or _Yellow_ (syns. of Washington), 368

Washington or _Washington Purple_ (syns. of Brevoort Purple), 408

Washington Seedling (syn. of Ives), 470

_Wasse-Botankio_ (syn. of Lutts), 487

_Wasse Botankyo_ (syn. of Sagetsuna), 536

_Wasse Sumomo_ (syn. of Earliest of All), 198

_Wassu_ (syn. of Burbank), 170

Wastesa, 561

Waterloo Pflaume, 561

_Waterloo_ (syn. of Golden Drop, 229; of Kent, 476; of Reine Claude, 327)

_Waterloo of Kent_ (syn. of Kent), 476

Watson, 562

Watson, D. H., var. orig. by, 463, 505, 518, 525, 562, 569

Watts, 562

Watts, Dr. D. S., var. orig. by, 562

Waugh, 562

Waugh, Frank A., life of, 85-86; quoted, 65, 66, 86, 87, 99, 141, 393

Wax, 562

_Wax Plum_ (syn. of Wax), 562

Wayland, 370

Wayland, Dr., var. orig. by, 288

Wayland, Prof. H. B., var. orig. by, 371

Wazata, 562

Weaver, 372

Weaver, var. orig. by, 372, 476

Webster, J. B., var. orig. by, 416

_Webster Gage_; Webster’s Gage (syns. of Webster Gage), 562

Webster Gage, 562

Weedsport German Prune, 220

Weeping Blood, 562

_Weichharige Schlehen Damascene_ (syn. of Saint Julien), 335

Weinsauerliche Pflaume or Zwetsche (syns. of Winesour), 566

_Weisse Aprikosen Pflaume_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Weisse Diaprée_ (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375

_Weisse Hollandische Pflaume_; _Weisse Kaiserin_ or _Magnum Bonum_; _Weisser Kaiser_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Weisse Indische Pflaume_ (syn. of Grüne Dattel Zwetsche), 456

_Weisse Jungfernpflaume_ (syn. of White Virginal), 565

Weisse Kaiserpflaume (syn. of White Imperatrice), 375

_Weisse Kaiser Pflaume_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Weisse Kaiserin, 563

_Weisse Kaiserin_ (syn. of Weisse Kaiserin), 563

_Weisse Königin_ (syn. of White Queen), 564

Weisser Perdrigon; _Weisses Rebhuhnerei_ (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375

_Weisse Zeiberl_ (syn. of Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl), 562

Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl, 562

_Weisse Violen Pflaume_ (syn. of Jaspisartige Pflaume), 471

Welch, 562

Welcome, 562

_Wentworth_; Wentworth Plumb (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

Werder’sche Frühzwetsche, 563

Wetherell, 563

Wetherill’s Sweet, 563

_Wetschen_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

Whatisit, 563

Wheat, 563

_Wheaten_; _Wheaton_; Wheat Plum (syns. of Wheat), 563

Whitacre (syn. of Whitaker), 563

Whitaker, 563

Whitby, 563

White Apricot or Apricot Plum (syns. of Apricot), 148

_White Bonum Magnum_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_White Blossomed Sloe_ (syn. of Sloe), 544

White Bullace, 373

White Bulleis (syn. of White Bullace), 373

White Corn, 564

_White Damascene_ or _Damson_; White Damask (syns. of White Damson), 374

White Damask (syn. of Large White Damson, 480; of Small White Damson, 545)

White Damson, 374

White Date or Date Plum (syn. of Date), 428

White Diaper, 564

White Diapred (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432

_White Egg_ or _Egg Plum_, _Holland_, _Imperial_ or Imperial Bonum Magnum, Magnum Bonum, _Mogul_ (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386

_White Empress_ (syn. of White Imperatrice), 375

_White-fleshed Botan_ (syn. of Berckmans), 159

_White Gage_ (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347

_White Gage_ (syn. of Yellow Gage), 388

_White Gage_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

_White Gage of Boston_ (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251

White Honey Damson, 564

White Imperatrice, 375

_White Imperatrice_ (syn. of White Imperatrice), 375

_White Indian_ (syn. of Green Indian), 455

_White Kelsey_ (syn. of Georgeson), 218

_White Matchless_ (syn. of Matchless), 492

_White Mirabelle_ or Mirable (syns. of Mirabelle), 284

White Mirobalane (syn. of Myrobalan), 290

White Muscle, 564

_White Mussell_ (syn. of White Muscle), 564

White Mussell (syn. of Muscle), 501

White Nicholas (syn. of Nicholas), 295

White Otschakoff, 564

White Pear, 564

White Peascod, 564

White Perdrigon, 375

_White Perdrigon_ (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375

White Pescod (syn. of White Peascod), 564

White Prune, 564

_White Prune Damson_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

White Prunella (syn. of Sloe), 544

White Queen, 564

White Sweet Damson, 564

White Virginal, 565

_White Virginale_ (syn. of Red Virginal, 529; of White Virginal, 565)

White Wheat, 565

White Wheate (syn. of White Wheat), 565

_White Winter Damson_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

Whitley, 565

_Whitlow_; _Whitton_ (syns. of Wheat), 563

Whyte, 565

Whyte, R. B., var. orig. by, 565

Whyte’s Red Seedling (syn. of Whyte), 565

Wickson, 376

Wickson, E. J., quoted, 75, 76, 548

_Wickson Challenge_ (syn. of Formosa), 447

_Wiener Mirabelle_ (syn. of Mirabelle), 284

Wier, 565

Wier, D. B., var. orig. by, 466, 468, 469, 565

Wier Large Red (syn. of Wier), 565

Wier No. 50, 565

Wier’s No. 50 (syn. of Wier No. 50), 565

Wier’s Large Red (syn. of Wier), 565

Wiezerka (syn. of Wyzerka), 568

Wilder, 565

Wilde, 565

Wild Goose, 378

Wild Goose Improved, 566

Wildrose, 566

Wilkinson, 566

Willamette (syn. of Pacific), 305

Willamette, 566

Willamette Prune (syn. of Pacific), 305

Willard, 379

Willard, Samuel D., life of, 149; quoted, 208; var. orig. by, 214

Willard Japan; _Willard Plum_ (syns. of Willard), 379

_William Dodd_ (syn. of Miner), 281

Williams, 566

Williams, Theodore, var. orig. by, 392, 397, 402, 407, 409, 412, 413, 436, 441, 442, 444, 447, 448, 454, 475, 478, 481, 482, 483, 498, 499, 509, 513, 514, 520, 527, 529, 548, 557, 558, 559, 563, 568, 569

Williamson, H. M., quoted, 305

Wilmeth Late, 566

_Wilmot’s Early Orleans_, _Large Orleans_, _Late Orleans_, _New Early Orleans_ or _Orleans_ (syns. of Early Orleans), 199

_Wilmot’s Green Gage_, _Late Green Gage_ or _New Green Gage_ (syns. of Reine Claude), 327

_Wilmot’s Late Orleans_ (syn. of Goliath), 231

_Wilmot’s Russian_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

Wilson, 566

Wine Plum, 566

_Winesour_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

Winesour, 566

_Winesour Plum_ (syn. of Winesour), 566

Winnebago, 566

Winslow, Edward, quoted, 93

Winsor, E. W., var. orig. by, 393, 402

Winter Creke, 567

Winter Damson, 567

_Winter Damson_ (syn. of Winter Damson), 567

Wiseman, 567

Wiseman’s Prune (syn. of Wiseman), 567

_W. J. Bryan_ (syn. of Bryan), 410

Wohanka, 567

Wolf, 380

Wolf, D. B., var. orig. by, 380

Wolf and Japan, 567

Wolf Cling (syn. of Wolf Clingstone), 567

Wolf Clingstone, 567

_Wolf Free_ or _Freestone_ (syns. of Wolf), 380

_Wonder_ (syn. of Osage), 510

Wood, 381

Wood, Joseph, var. orig. by, 382

Woolston, 567

_Woolston Black_; Woolston Black Gage; _Woolston’s Black Gage_; Woolston’s Violette Reine-Claude (syns. of Woolston), 567

Woolston Gage (syn. of Woolston), 567

Wooster, 567

Wooten, 568

Wootton (syn. of Wooten), 568

World Beater, 383

Worth, 568

_Worth_ (syn. of Royal Tours), 332

Wragg, 568

Wragg, John, var. orig. by, 477

Wragg Freestone, 568

Wunder von New York, 568

Wyandotte, 568

Wyant, 384

Wyant, J. B., var. orig. by, 384

Wyant and Japan, 568

Wyckoff, 568

Wyedale, 568

Wyzerka, 568

Yates, 569

_Yeddo_ (syn. of Georgeson), 218

Yellow Americana, 569

_Yellow Apricot_ (syn. of Apricot), 148

_Yellow Aubert_ (syn. of Aubert), 397

_Yellow Bonum Magnum_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

_Yellow Damask_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 195

_Yellow Damson_ (syn. of White Damson), 374

Yellow Date (syn. of Date), 428

Yellow Diaprée (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432

Yellow Egg, 385, 569

_Yellow Egg_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Yellow Egg group, 32; origin of, 32; specific characters of, 32

_Yellow Fleshed Botan_ (syn. of Abundance), 136

Yellow Gage, 388

_Yellow Gage_ (syn. of Drap d’Or, 195; of Small Reine Claude, 347)

Yellow Impératrice, 569

_Yellow Impératrice_ (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569

Yellow Imperial, 569

Yellow Jack, 569

_Yellow Japan_ (syn. of Abundance, 136; of Chabot, 172)

Yellow Jerusalem, 569

Yellow Magnum Bonum, 570

_Yellow Magnum Bonum_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Yellow Moldavka (syn. of Voronesh), 365

Yellow Nagate, 570

_Yellow Nagate_ (syn. of Ogon), 298

Yellow Oregon, 570

Yellow Panhandle, 570

_Yellow Perdrigon_ (syn. of Drap d’Or), 195

Yellow Plum, 59

Yellow Roman Bullace, 570

_Yellow St. Catharine_ (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334

Yellow Sweet, 570

Yellow Transparent, 570

Yellow Voronesh (syn. of Voronesh), 365

Yellow Wildgoose, 570

Yellow Yosemite, 570

Yellow, 43 Fischer, 569

Yohe, 571

Yohes Eagle (syn. of Yohe), 571

_Yonemomo_; _Yonesmomo_ (syns. of Satsuma), 337

_Yorkshire Winesour_ (syn. Winesour), 566

York State Prune, 571

_York State Prune_ (syn. of York State Prune), 571

_Yosebe_ (syn. of Earliest of All), 198

Yosemite (syn. of Purple Yosemite, 521; of Yellow Yosemite, 570)

Yosemite Purple (syn. of Purple Yosemite), 521

Yosemite Yellow (syn. of Yellow Yosemite), 570

Yosete (syn. of Earliest of All), 198

_Yosobe_ (syn. of Earliest of All), 198

Young, 571

Youngken Golden; _Younken’s Golden Cherry_; Yunkin Golden (syns. of Golden Cherry), 228

_Young’s Seedling_ (syn. of Young), 571

_Young’s Superior Egg_ (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386

Yukon, 571

Yuteca, 571

Zahlbruckner Damascene, 571

_Zahlbruckner’s Violette Damascene_ (syn. of Zahlbruckner Damascene), 571

Zekanta, 571

_Zipperle_ or _Zipperlein_ (syns. of Damson), 186

Zuccherino (syn. of Damaschino Estivo), 426

Zucchetta Gialla, 571

_Zucker Zwetsche_ (syn. of Red Date), 322

Zulu, 571

Zuzac, 571

_Zweimal Blühende und Zweimal Tragende Bunte Pflaume_ (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

Zweimal Tragende (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556

Zwergpflaume, 571

_Zwespe_ (syn. of German Prune), 220

_Zwetsche_, _Zwetschen_ or _Zwetschke_ (syns. of German Prune), 220

_Zwetsche Frühe Von Buhlerthal_ (syn. of Quetsche Précoce de Buhlerthal), 524

_Zwetsche Leipziger_ (syn. of Merunka), 494

Zwetsche Professor Wittmack, 572

_Zwetsche Ungarische_ (syn. of Ungarish), 361

_Zwetsche von Dätlikon_ (syn. of Italian Prune), 253

Zwetsche Von der Worms, 572

Zwetsche Von Létricourt (syn. of Quetsche Dr. Létricourt), 524

FOOTNOTES

[1] Bailey, L. H. _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:43. 1892.

[2] Heideman, C. W. H. _Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 187. 1895.

[3] Waugh, F. A. _Vt. Sta. Bul._ 53. 1896.

[4] Bechstein _Forstbot._ Ed. 5. 424. 1843.

[5] Schneider, C. K. _Hand. Laub._ 631. 1906.

[6] Bailey, L. H. _Cyc. Am. Hort._ 1447. 1901; Hudson _Fl. Anglic._ 212. 1778.

[7] Heer _Pflanz. Pfahlb._ 27, fig. 16.

[8] Bostock and Riley _Nat. Hist. of Pliny._ =3=:294. 1892.

[9] Koch, K. _Dend._ =1=:94, 96. 1869. Ledebour. _Fl. Ross._ =2=:5. 1829. Boissier. _Fl. Orient._ =2=:652.

[10] Koch, K. _Deut. Obst._ 146. 1876.

[11] Kalm, Peter _Travels into North America_ =3=:240. 1771.

[12] _Watson’s Annals of Philadelphia_ =1=:17. 1844.

[13] _Mass. Hist. Soc. Collections_, 1st Ser. =1=:118.

[14] Josselyn, John, Gent. _New England Rarities_ London. 1672.

[15] Samuel Deane, D.D. _The New England Farmer or Georgical Dictionary_ 265. 1797.

[16] Beverly, Robert _History of Virginia_ 279. 1722. Reprint 1855.

[17] Lawson, John _History of North Carolina_ 110. 1714.

[18] Ramsey’s _History of South Carolina_ =2=:128, 129, Ed. 1858.

[19] Forbes, James Grant _Sketches of the Floridas_ 87, 91, 170. 1821.

[20] In 1763 Dr. Andrew Turnbull established a colony of fifteen hundred Greeks and Minorcans at New Smyrna, Florida, for the cultivation of sugar and indigo. But they cultivated other plants as well, among the fruits grown there being the grape, peach, plum, fig, pomegranate, olive and orange. Forbes, James Grant _Sketches of the Floridas_ 91. 1821.

[21] Bartram, William _Travels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, etc._ Dublin: 1793.

[22] Prince, William _Treatise of Horticulture_ 24. 1828.

[23] _Ibid._ p. 28.

[24] Prince, William _Treatise of Horticulture_ 23. 1828.

[25] The frontispiece of _The Plums of New York_, showing a likeness of William Robert Prince, dedicates the book to this distinguished American pomologist. It is appropriate that the following biographical sketch of Mr. Prince, written for _The Grapes of New York_, should be reprinted here. “William Robert Prince, fourth proprietor of the Prince Nursery and Linnaean Botanic Garden, Flushing, Long Island, was born in 1795 and died in 1869. Prince was without question the most capable horticulturist of his time and an economic botanist of note. His love of horticulture and botany was a heritage from at least three paternal ancestors, all noted in these branches of science, and all of whom he apparently surpassed in mental capacity, intellectual training and energy. He was a prolific writer, being the author of three horticultural works which will always take high rank among those of Prince’s time. These were: _A Treatise on the Vine_, _Pomological Manual_, in two volumes, and the _Manual of Roses_, beside which he was a lifelong contributor to the horticultural press. All of Prince’s writings are characterized by a clear, vigorous style and by accuracy in statement. His works are almost wholly lacking the ornate and pretentious furbelows of most of his contemporaries though it must be confessed that he fell into the then common fault of following European writers somewhat slavishly. During the lifetime of William R. Prince, and that of his father, William Prince, who died in 1842, the Prince Nursery at Flushing was the center of the horticultural nursery interests of the country; it was the clearing-house for foreign and American horticultural plants, for new varieties and for information regarding plants of all kinds.”

[26] Manning, Robert _Hist. Mass. Hort. Soc._ 33. 1880.

[27] Coxe, William _A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees_ 6. 1817.

[28] Landreth’s _Rural Register and Almanac_. 1872 and 1874.

[29] _Bulletin of the Essex Institute_ =2=:23.

[30] Downing, A. J. _Hovey’s Mag._ =3=:5. 1837.

[31] _Boston Palladium_, Sept. 9, 1822.

[32] The horticultural books published in America between 1779 and 1825 were: _The Gardener’s Kalender_ by Mrs. Martha Logan, Charleston: 1779; _The American Gardener_ by John Gardiner and David Hepburn, Washington: 1804; _The American Gardener’s Calendar_ by Bernard McMahon, Philadelphia: 1806; _A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees_ by William Cox, Philadelphia: 1817; _The American Practical Gardener_ by an Old Gardener, Baltimore: 1819; _The Gentleman’s and Gardener’s Kalendar_ by Grant Thorburn, New York: 1821; _American Gardener_ by William Cobbett, New York: 1819; and _The American Orchardist_ by James Thacher, M. D., Boston: 1822.

[33] During the quarter ending in 1825 two agricultural publications were in existence in the United States: _The American Farmer_, established in Baltimore in 1819, and the _New England Farmer_, founded in Boston in 1822. To these should be added the _Massachusetts Agricultural Repository_, not a journal in the strict sense of the word but published by the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture, established in 1793, and continued until the _New England Farmer_ was started in 1822. The Repository was the first agricultural periodical of the New World.

[34] At least three agricultural societies were founded soon after the close of the Revolution; the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture and the Agricultural Society of South Carolina were founded in 1785, and the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture in 1792, while the first strictly horticultural society, the New York Horticultural Society, was not established until 1818.

[35] _P. domestica cereola_ L. (_Sp. Pl._ 475. 1753), _P. claudiana_ Poir. (_Lam. Encycl._ =5=:677. 1804), _P. italica_ Borkh. (_Handb. Forstb._ =11=:1409. 1803).

[36] For a bibliography of this group see an article by Waugh in _Gard. Chron._ =24=:465. 1898.

[37] Koch, K. _Deut. Obst._ 149. 1876.

[38] Schneider, C. K. _Hand. der Laub._ 630. 1906.

[39] Columella =10=: lines 404-406.

[40] _The Natural History of Pliny._ Translated by John Bostock and H. T. Riley =3=:294. London: 1892.

[41] Hogg, Robert _The Fruit Manual_ Ed. =5=:704. 1884.

[42] Targioni-Tozzetti, Antonio, _Cenni storici sulla introduzione di varie piante nell’ agricoltura ed horticultura Toscana_. Florence: 1850.

[43] Parkinson, John _Paradisus Terrestris_ 576. 1629.

[44] Rea, John _A Complete Florilege_ 208. 1676.

[45] Ray _Historia Plantarum_ =2=:1529. 1688.

[46] Gallesio, Giorgio =2=: (Pages not numbered). 1839.

[47] Phillips, Henry _Comp. Orch._ 306. 1831.

[48] These are the plums which Linnaeus called _Prunus domestica galatensis_ (_Sp. Pl._ 475. 1753); Seringe, _Prunus domestica pruneayliana_ (_DC. Prodr._ =2=:533. 1825); and Borkhausen, _Prunus œconomica_ (_Handb. Forstb._ =2=:1401. 1803).

[49] Prince, William _A Short Treatise on Horticulture_ 27. 1828.

[50] “Of the prune, or, as they are termed in German, ‘Quetsche,’ there are a number of varieties, all which are of fine size, and considered as the best plums for drying as prunes; this is one of the largest of the varieties; the principal characteristic of these plums is that the flesh is sweet and agreeable when dried. I am informed that the ‘Italian Prune’ ranks highest as a table fruit when plucked from the tree. The process of drying prunes seems to be so very easy that I should suppose it might be undertaken in this country with a certainty of success, and so as to totally supersede the importation of that article.” _Ibid._

[51] _United States Patent Office Report_: xxix. 1854. The following description of this distribution is of interest: “The scions of two varieties of prunes, ‘Prunier d’Agen,’ and ‘Prunier Sainte Catherine,’ have been imported from France, and distributed principally in the states north of Pennsylvania, and certain districts bordering on the range of the Allegany Mountains, in order to be engrafted upon the common plum. These regions were made choice of in consequence of their being freer from the ravages of the curculio, which is so destructive to the plum tree in other parts as often to cut off the entire crop. It has been estimated that the State of Maine, alone, where this insect is rarely seen, is capable of raising dried prunes sufficient to supply the wants of the whole Union.”

[52] Wickson, E. J. _California Fruits_ Ed. =2=:82. 1891.

[53] Hedrick, U. P. in Bailey’s _Cyclopedia American Horticulture_ 1440. 1901.

[54] Miller says in his _Gardener’s Dictionary_ of the variety Perdrigon, “Hakluyt in 1582, says, of later time the plum called the Perdigwena was procured out of Italy, with two kinds more, by the Lord Cromwell, after his travel.” Miller, Philip _Gardener’s Dictionary_. Edited by Thomas Martyn, =2=: (no page). 1707.

[55] In the first edition of _Species Plantarum_ Linnaeus called these plums _Prunus domestica pernicona_; in the second edition the varietal name was changed to “Pertizone.” In the Prodromus Seringe designates the group as _Prunus domestica touronensis_.

[56] The _Prunus domestica aubertiana_ of Seringe. (_DC. Prodr._ =2=:533. 1825.)

[57] Rea, John _A Complete Florilege_ 209. 1676.

[58] Parkinson, John _Paradisus Terrestris_ 576. 1629.

[59] Koch, K. _Deut. Obst._ 560. 1876.

[60] Bauhin _Pin._ 443 _n_ 23.

[61] _Bul. Soc. Dauph._ fasc. VIII. 1881.

[62] _Ibid._

[63] _Dendrol._ 316. 1893.

[64] _Rhein. Reise-Fl._ 67. 1857.

[65] _Handb. Laubh._ =1=: 631. 1906.

[66] Pickering, Charles _Chron. Hist. Plants_. 218. 1879.

[67] Heer _Pflanz. Pfahl._ 27, fig. 16c.

[68] Hooker _Fl. Brit. Ind._ =2=: 315. 1879.

[69] The reader who desires fuller information regarding the botany of this species should consult the references given with the botanical description of _Prunus insititia_.

[70] McMahon, Bernard _Gardener’s Calendar_ 587. 1806.

[71] Samuel Deane, D.D. _New England Farmer_ 265. 1797.

[72] Koch, Karl _Deut. Obst._ 150. 1876.

[73] This subject is well discussed in an article by E. A. Carrière in _Revue Horticole_ 438. 1892.

[74] _Handb. Laubh._ 628. 1906.

[75] _Fl. Siles._ =1=:2, 10. 1829.

[76] _Fl. Nied. Ostr._ 819. 1890.

[77] _Fl. Siles._ =1=:2, 10. 1829.

[78] _Enum. Pl. Trans._ 178. 1866.

[79] _Handb. Laubh._ =1=:630. 1906.

[80] _Flora_ =9=:748. 1826.

[81] _Sched. Crit._ 217. 1822.

[82] _Boiss. Diag._ 2nd Ser. 96. 1856.

[83] _Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien._ 435. 1864.

[84] _Flor. Or._ =11=:625. 1872.

[85] In pre-Linnaean literature _Prunus cerasifera_ is mentioned by Clusius as _Prunus myrobalanus_ (_Rar. Plant. Hist._ 46 fig. 1601), and by Tournefort under the same name (_Inst. Rei Herb._ 622. 1700).

[86] Ledebour _Ind. Hort. Dorp._ Suppl. 6. 1824.

[87] Schneider _Handb. Laubh._ 632. 1906.

[88] Dippel _Handb. Laubh._ =3=:633. 1893.

[89] Jack _Gar. and For._ =5=:64. 1892.

[90] Bailey _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =38=:34. 1892.

[91] _Handb. Laubh._ =1=:633. 1906.

[92] _Beitr. Nat._ =6=:90. 1791.

[93] _Handb. Forstb._ =11=:1392. 1803.

[94] _Fedde Repert._ =1=:50. 1905.

[95] _Pl. David_ =2=:33. 1888.

[96] _Ill. Bot. His. Mountains and Fl. of Cash._ =1=:239. 1839.

[97] Several apricots and the loquat of southern Japan are also called Japanese plums. The name Triflora for common usage avoids this confusion and conforms with the growing usage in horticulture of using the specific name alone.

[98] Bailey says, (_Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:6. 1894) speaking of these specimens: “I have no hesitation in saying that our Japanese plums are the same.” The writer examined the specimens in the summer of 1909 and recognized them at once to be the same as the cultivated Triflora plums.

[99] February 23, 1909.

[100] pp. 10, 45.

[101] March 12, 1909.

[102] _Fl. Indica_ 501. 1824.

[103] Forbes and Hemsley _Jour. Linn. Soc._ =23=:219. 1886-88.

[104] _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:3. 1894.

[105] Berckmans, L. A. _Rpt. Ga. Hort. Soc._ 15. 1889.

[106] Bailey, L. H. _Cornell Sta. Buls._ =62=, =106=, =139=, =175=.

[107] Waugh, F. A. _Plum Cult._ 1901.

[108] Georgeson, C. C. _Amer. Gard._ =12=:74. 1891.

[109] For references and synonymy see the Simon plum.

[110] Carrière, E. A. _Rev. Hort._ 152. 1891.

[111] The New York Agricultural Experiment Station stands on the site of the old Indian village of Kanadasaga, founded by the Seneca Indians. The records of Sullivan’s raid just after the Revolution show that when this village was destroyed by the Whites there were orchards of apples and plums (see Conover’s _Kanadasaga and Geneva_ (Mss.) Hobart College) crudely cultivated. On the adjoining farm of Mr. Henry Loomis descendants of these old trees still grow. The plums are Americanas, and Mr. Loomis, now in his 94th year, says that when a boy the Indians and Whites alike gathered them, soaked them in lye to remove the astringency of the skins and then cooked, dried or otherwise preserved them.

[112] Poiteau =1=: (Unpaged). 1846.

[113] Waugh, F. A. _Plum Cult._ 51, 282-307. 1901.

[114] Goff, E. S. _Wis. Sta. Bul._ =63=:4. 1897.

[115] The _Prunus mollis_ of Torrey (_Fl. U. S._ =1=:470. 1824) was _Prunus nigra_, as Torrey’s specimen, now in the herbarium of Columbia University, plainly shows.

[116] A brief account of the life of Liberty Hyde Bailey appeared in _The Grapes of New York_ (page 142), but his work with plums deserves further mention. The foundation of our present knowledge of the cultivated species and races of American and Triflora plums was laid by the comprehensive study of these fruits made by Bailey in the closing decade of the Nineteenth Century. His examination of plums may be said to have begun in 1886 with the setting of an orchard of native plums—probably the first general collection of these plums planted—on the grounds of the Michigan Agricultural College, Lansing, Michigan. The results of his studies have largely appeared in the publications of the Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station, the first of which was _The Cultivated Native Plums and Cherries_ published in 1892; _The Japanese Plums_, 1894; _Revised Opinions of the Japanese Plums_, 1896; _Third Report upon Japanese Plums_, 1897; _Notes upon Plums_, 1897. Beside these bulletins a monograph of the native plums was published in _The Evolution of our Native Fruits_ in 1898 and a brief but complete monograph of the Genus Prunus in the _Cyclopedia of American Horticulture_ in 1901. These are but the chief titles under which his studies of plums have appeared, several minor contributions having been printed from time to time in the horticultural press. While Dr. Bailey has given especial attention to all fruits grown in eastern America, it is probable that pomology is most indebted to him for his long and painstaking work with the difficult Genus Prunus with which he has done much to set the varieties and species in order.

[117] _Bot. Gaz._ =24=:462. 1896; _Cornell Sta. Bul._ 170. 1897; _Ev. Nat. Fruits_ 194-208. 1898.

[118] _Gar. and For._ =10=:340, 350. 1897. _Plum Cult._ 60-66. 1901.

[119] Waugh, F. A. _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =14=:277. 1900-01.

[120] Hakluyt _Voyages_ =3=:258.

[121] _Torrey Bot. Club Bul._ =21=:301. 1894.

[122] _Silva of North America_ =4=:28. 1893.

[123] Jack, J. G. _Gard. and For._ =7=:206. 1894.

[124] _Gar. and For._ =3=:625. 1890.

[125] Sandberg, J. H. _Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb._ =3=:221. 1895.

[126] Coville, F. V. _Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb._ =5=:99. 1897; and Chestnut, V. K. _Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb._ =7=:356. 1902.

[127] Wickson, E. J. _California Fruits_ 52. 1891.

[128] Wickson, E. J. _Calif. Fruits_ Ed. =4=:35. 1909.

[129] _Pittonia_ =3=:21. 1896.

[130] The first published account of this plum is a brief non-technical description of it by Dr. Kellogg in _Hutching’s Mag._ =5=:7. 1859.

[131] _Torrey Bot. Club Bul._ =25=:149. 1898.

[132] The writer has examined the type specimen of Michaux’s _Prunus chicasa_ in the herbarium of the _Jardin des Plants_ in Paris and found it, though incomplete and poorly preserved, plainly not _Prunus angustifolia_ but more likely some form of _Prunus umbellata_. Undoubtedly, however, the references which follow Michaux’s are to _Prunus angustifolia_.

[133] “The Chicasaw plumb I think must be excepted, for though certainly a native of America, yet I never saw it wild in the forest, but always in old deserted Indian plantations: I suppose it to have been brought from the S. W. beyond the Mississippi, by the Chicasaws.” Bartram _Travels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, etc._ 38. 1793.

[134] Bailey _Ev. Nat. Fr._ 193. 1898.

[135] “The wild Plums of America are of several sorts. Those which I can give an account of from my own Knowledge, I will, and leave the others till a farther Discovery. The most frequent is that which we call the common _Indian_ Plum, of which there are two sorts, if not more. One of these is ripe much sooner than the other, and differs in the bark; one of the barks being very scaly, like our _American_ Birch. These Trees, when in Blossom, smell as sweet as any Jessamine, and look as white as a Sheet, being something prickly. You may make it grow to what Shape you please; they are very ornamental about a House, and make a wonderful fine Shew at a Distance, in the Spring, because of their white Livery. Their Fruit is red, and very palatable to the sick. They are of a quick Growth, and will bear from the Stone in five years, on their Stock.” Lawson, John _History of Carolina_ 105. 1714.

[136] “The third was known among the later colonists as the Indian cherry and was the product of a tree hardly exceeded by the English peach tree in girth and height, and showing an inclination for the soil of the valleys of the rivers, and of the narrow bottoms of the smaller streams. This variety was considered to be of extraordinary excellence in flavor; when ripe it was colored a dark purple, and there was only a single cherry to the stalk. There were two varieties of plums, resembling, both in size and taste, the English Damson.” Bruce, Philip Alexander _Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century_ =1=:94. 1896.

[137] Frank A. Waugh was born in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, July 8, 1869. On his father’s side he is of Scotch descent, though the family has long been in America; his mother came from Germany. He was educated in the public schools of Kansas and in the Kansas State Agricultural College, graduating from the latter place in 1891. In 1893 he became professor of horticulture in the Oklahoma Agricultural College and horticulturist at the Experiment Station, a place which he held for nearly three years, going late in 1895 to take the same position in the University of Vermont. After eight years of arduous service in Vermont, during which time he became well known by his writings on horticultural, botanical and agricultural subjects, he left Vermont to take charge of horticulture in the Massachusetts Agricultural College and the Hatch Experiment Station. Professor Waugh’s study of plums began in the West, Kansas and Oklahoma, but his reports in regard to this fruit have come from Vermont where his work has been mainly done. The chief titles under which his studies have been published in the bulletins and annual reports of the Vermont Station are: _The Pollination of Plums_, _Classification of Plums_, _A Monograph of the Wayland Group of Plums_, _Hybrid Plums_, _Types of European Plums_, _Propagation of Plums_, _The Myrobalan Plums_, _A Review of the Americana Plums_ and _The Grouping of Japanese-Hybrid Plums_. In 1901 he published _Plums and Plum Culture_, a popular presentation of the various phases of his botanical and horticultural work with this fruit. The titles given do not represent the extent of his studies with this fruit for there were third and fourth reports upon several of the subjects mentioned. In particular he has been helpful to American pomology in the classification of native plums, in his study of sex in plums and in setting forth the hardiness of the various species and groups. Besides his papers on plums, Professor Waugh’s chief contributions to horticulture have been a book entitled _Fruit Harvesting, Storing, Marketing_, another under the title _Systematic Pomology_ and two works on apples. He has also published two books on Landscape Gardening which have given him high standing in this division of horticulture. Professor Waugh will long be remembered in horticulture for the great extent of his work, for his versatility in the profession and for his ability to present well to both readers and hearers, either technically or popularly, horticultural knowledge.

[138] “The Sand Plums” _Country Gentleman_, Jan. 27, 1898.

[139] Thomas Volney Munson, after whom it has been a pleasure to name this species, though best known as a viticulturist, has also rendered invaluable service to plum-culture. A sketch of his life appeared in _The Grapes of New York_ (page 122) in which his services to viticulture were briefly mentioned. While his name is not commonly connected with the study of plums, it is not too much to say that without his aid the publications of those who have written during the last quarter century on native plums would have lacked much of the information they contain in regard to the species of the Southwest. He has an intimate knowledge of the wild plums of Texas and has freely given of it to all who have asked, often supplementing information with herbarium specimens or plants. The authors of _The Plums of New York_ wish to give him credit for much of the information, furnished directly or indirectly, in regard to the wild and cultivated plums of the region in which he lives, in recognition of which his name is given to one of the most important species of native plums. Mr. Munson has grown and introduced a number of hybrid plums of note, chief of those of his own growing being Nimon, Minco and Burford. Many of his experiments in hybridizing plums, though unproductive of new varieties, are of much value as a guide to other workers with this fruit.

[140] Lawson, John _History of Carolina_ 105. 1714.

[141] Waugh _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =12=:235. 1899. Bailey _Cyc. Am. Hort._ 1449. 1901.

[142] _Cont. Bot. Lab. University of Pa._ =2=:216. 1899-1900.

[143] DeVries, Hugo _Species and Varieties, etc._ 57. 1905.

[144] The references given contain these quotations.

[145] Waugh, F. A. _Vt. Sta. An. Rpt._ =11=:273. 1897-98.

[146] Hedrick. U. P; _The Relation of Weather to the Setting of Fruit_. Bul. 299. 1908.

[147] Waugh, F. A. _Vt. Sta. Bul._ =53=:51. 1896.

[148] Goff, E. S. _Wis. Sta. An. Rpt._ =18=:302. 1901.

[149] Waugh, F. A. _Plum Cult._ 297-300. 1901.

[150] Hansen, N. E. _S. D. Sta. Bul._ =93=:67. 1905.

[151] Carrière, E. A. Prunier Saint Julien. _Revue Horticole_ 438-439. 1892.

[152] Waugh _Plum Cult._ 247. 1901.

[153] Hansen, N. E. _S. D. Sta. Bul._ 87. 1904. _Ibid._ =93=:68. 1905.

[154] Wickson, E. J. _California Fruits_ 348. 1891.

[155] A prune is a dried plum. The requisite for a prune-making plum is that it have a large proportion of solids, particularly sugar. Comparatively few varieties of plums bear sufficient amounts of solids so that they may be successfully cured into a firm, long-keeping product. Only varieties of the Domesticas are used in making prunes, though possibly some of the Insititias might be so used. Prunes are chiefly used in cookery though some of the finer grades from France are sold as confections.

Prunes are either dried in the sun as in California; partially cooked in ovens and the curing completed indoors, as in European countries; or wholly dried in evaporators, as in the Pacific Northwest. Sun-drying is the most economical method where the climate permits. The half cooking does not make so attractive a product but when skillfully done the prunes are possibly more palatable, as the cooked flavor is liked by consumers. Beyond question the best prunes are made, however, all things considered, in well-managed evaporators. In evaporators the changes of curing take place most perfectly and uniformly so that, as a rule, the prune looks better, keeps longer, is not so tough and has a more natural taste of the green fruit.

In prune-making the fruit is allowed to remain on the trees until ripe enough to fall to the ground, as the maximum proportion of solids is thus obtained. After picking, the plums are passed over graders to remove rubbish and to secure uniformity in size, this being essential to obtain evenness in curing, since the small fruits dry more rapidly than large ones. Usually before evaporation begins the fruit is dipped in boiling lye or pricked by needles in a pricking machine to make tender the tough skin and so allow the moisture to escape more readily. The dipping consists of immersing the fruit for a minute or less in a solution of lye in the proportion of 1 pound of concentrated lye to from 10 to 50 gallons of water maintained at the boiling point. The fruit is carried mechanically through the lye vat and a rinser by a modified endless chain, or it may be dipped in wire baskets. After rinsing the plums are ready for curing.

Exposure to the sun in curing varies from five to twelve days, depending upon the heat of the sun and the size and the variety of the plum. Curing in evaporators varies with the fruit and with the make of the machine. In general the temperature in the evaporator is from 120° to 140° at the start, increasing to from 160° to 180° and decreasing when the prunes are taken out. Too much heat at first causes the cells of the fruit to burst, thereby producing drip and discoloration. Important factors in evaporating in machines are the circulation of air, convenience, cost of fuel and power. The time required for curing ranges from twelve hours for a small plum to forty-eight hours for a large, juicy one. If not cured enough fermentation and molding result; if cured too much the weight is lessened, the quality is injured, the prune is harsh and coarse and has a dried up appearance.

When sufficiently dried the prunes are put in bins or piles to sweat, a process taking from one to three weeks, after which they are graded, processed and packed. In grading, the prunes are separated into sizes indicating the number of prunes required to make a pound, as 30’s to 40’s, 40’s to 50’s and so on to the smallest size, 120’s to 130’s. The processing is done by dipping the prunes in boiling water and glycerine or by steaming or by using some special preparation in the final dipping or by rattling in a revolving cylinder. Processing is reputable if it adds beauty to the color, or kills insects’ eggs or sterilizes the prunes. It is disreputable when the aim is to add to the weight. The best prunes are packed in boxes, in which process lining with paper, filling facing, pressing and labeling are important details. A well cured prune is soft and spongy, the pit is loose but does not rattle, the skin is bright, the product is free from drippings or exudation, the flesh is meaty, elastic, and of a bright, lively color.

The custom has been to bleach light colored prunes with sulphur fumes. This process injures the quality and possibly makes the product somewhat poisonous. Sulphuring is now regulated by the Federal Pure Food Law.

If poorly managed or if the plums are not of the best, several difficulties are encountered in curing prunes. Thus, a syrupy liquid sometimes oozes from the prunes, besmearing and making unattractive the final product. Again, the finished prunes may be covered with globules of sugar, rendering them sticky and destroying the lustre. Fruit grown on poor soils, on unhealthy trees or picked green may cure into small prunes of an abnormal shape called “Frogs” or they may ferment and swell up in large soft prunes called “Bloaters.”

The plum chiefly used in California in making prunes is the Agen, usually called Petite, a prune curing into a bright amber-colored product. This plum is easily cured, and the prune from it needs little sugar in cooking. In the states north of California the Italian Prune is the favorite, producing a dark red, almost black product, more tart but on the whole rather better flavored than the prune from the preceding variety. Other varieties more or less used are Golden Drop, the product from which is known as the Silver Prune; Reine Claude, which makes a fancy product often used as a confection; Yellow Egg, which sells as the Silver Prune when evaporated; the German Prune, making a product much like the Italian Prune; “Hungarian Prune,” from a very large plum and making a fancy product but very difficult to cure; the Tragedy Prune, an early plum of the Italian type; Golden Prune, much like the Silver and possibly better; and the Champion, Willamette, Pacific, Tennant, Steptoe and Dosch, all of the Italian type.

[156] Farlow, W. G. The Black Knot, _Bulletin Bussey Institution_ 440-453. 1876. Halsted, B. D. Destroy the Black Knot, etc. _N. J. Sta. Bul._ =78=:1-14. 1891.

[157] Smith, E. F. Peach Rot and Peach Blight _Journ. Myc._ =5=:123-134. 1889. Quaintance, A. L. The Brown Rot, etc. _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =50=:237-269, figs. 1-9. 1900.

[158] Atkinson, G. F. Leaf Curl and Plum Pockets _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =73=:319-355, Pls. 1-20. 1894.

[159] Ibid.

[160] Sturgis, W. C. A Leaf Curl of the Plum _Conn. Sta. Rpt._ =19=:183, Pl. 2. 1895.

[161] Arthur, J. C. Plum Leaf Fungus _N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt._ =5=:276-281, Pls. 6-10. 1887.

[162] Duggar, B. M. _Fungous Diseases of Plants_ 314, figs. 147, 148. 1909. Pierce, N. B. A Disease of Almond Trees _Jour. Myc._ =7=:66-67, Pls. 11-14. 1892.

[163] Scribner, F. L. Leaf Rust of the Cherry, etc. _U. S. Dept. Agr. Rpt._ 353-355. Pl. 3. 1887. Hedrick, U. P. Prune Rust _Oreg. Sta. Bul._ =45=:67. 1897.

[164] Stewart, F. C. _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ =191=:323-324. 1900. Rolfs, F. M. Die Back of Peach Trees _Science_ =26=:87. 1907.

[165] Duggar, B. M. _Fungous Diseases of Plants_ 226. 1909.

[166] Smith, E. F. and Townsend, C. O. A Plant Tumor of Bacterial Origin _Science_ =25=:671-673. 1907. Toumey, J. W. Cause and Nature of Crown Gall _Ariz. Sta. Bul._ =33=:1-64, figs. 1-31. 1900. Hedgcock, G. C. Crown Gall, etc. _U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bul._ =90=:15-17, Pls. 3-5. 1906.

[167] Smith, E. F. _Science_ =17=:456-7. 1903. Ibid. =21=:502. 1905. Clinton, G. P. Report of Botanist _Conn. Sta. Rpt._ 273. 1905.

[168] Hedrick, U. P. Gumming of the Prune Tree _Oreg. Sta. Bul._ =45=:68-72. 1897.

[169] Stewart, F. C. _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ _191_:324-326. 1900.

[170] Pammel, L. H. New Fungous Diseases of Iowa _Jour. Myc._ =7=:99-100. 1892.

[171] Jones, L. R. Studies upon Plum Blight _Vt. Ex. Sta. Rpt._ =15=:231-239. 1902.

[172] Smith, E. F. The Peach Rosette _Jour. Myc._ =6=:144. 1891.

[173] Waugh, F. A. _Plum Cult._ 329. 1901.

[174] Ibid.

[175] Starnes, H. N. Japan and Hybrid Plums _Ga. Sta. Bul._ =68=:22-24. 1905.

[176] Hedrick, U. P. Curl-leaf of the Italian Prune _Oreg. Sta. Bul._ =45=:72-74. 1897.

[177] Smith, E. F. Field Notes _Jour. Myc._ =6=:108. 1891.

[178] Riley, C. V. _An. Rpt. State Entomol. Mo._ =1=:50-56. 1869; =3=:11-29. 1871.

[179] Ibid. =3=:39-42. 1871.

[180] Beutenmüller, W. _Sesiidae of America, etc._ 266-271. 1901.

[181] Ibid. 291-292. 1901.

[182] Riley, C. V. _An. Rpt. State Entomol. Mo._ =1=:46-47. 1869.

[183] Lowe, V. H. _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ =180=:122-128. 1900.

[184] Wilson, H. F. The Peach-tree Barkbeetle _U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. Bul._ =68=:91-108. 1909.

[185] Hunter, W. D. The Aphididæ of N. A. _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =60=:103. 1901.

[186] Ibid. 107, 108.

[187] Ibid. 108, 109.

[188] Gillette, C. P. A Few Orchard Plant Lice _Col. Sta. Bul._ =133=:41. 1908.

[189] Ibid. 39.

[190] Marlatt, C. L. The San Jose or Chinese Scale _U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. Bul._ =62=:1-89. 1906.

[191] Lowe, V. H. The New York Plum Lecanium _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ =136=:583. 1897.

[192] For references to these scales see Fernald, Mrs. M. E. Coccidae of the World _Mass. Sta. Bul._ =88=:1-360. 1903.

[193] Lowe, V. H. The Apple-tree Tent Caterpillar _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ =152=:279-293. 1898.

[194] Riley, C. V. _An. Rpt. State Entom. Mo._ =2=:94-103. 1870.

[195] Ibid. =7=:83-90. 1875.

[196] Saunders, W. _Insects Injurious to Fruits_ 95, 96. 1883.

[197] Riley, C. V. and Marlatt, C. L. The Clover Mite _Insect Life_ =3=:45-53. 1890.

[198] Saunders, W. _Insects Injurious to Fruits_ 159. 1883.

[199] Ibid. 150-153. 1883.

[200] Lowe, V. H. The Pistol Case-bearer _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ =122=:221-232. 1897.

[201] Riley, C. V. _Insect Life_ =1=:133. 1889.

[202] _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =62=:27. 1894.

[203] _Tex. Sta. Bul._ =32=:488. 1894.

[204] Professor Joseph Lancaster Budd was a native of New York, having been born July 3, 1835, at Peekskill, Westchester County. On his father’s side he was of French ancestry, but his mother was of English descent, a member of the Lancaster family, early settlers on the Hudson River. He was educated in the public schools of Monticello, Monticello Academy and at Hiram College, though he did not finish at the last named institution because of financial distress at home. In 1857 the young man moved west and for a year taught in an academy at Rockford, Illinois, and in the Wheaton schools of the same state. In 1858 he moved to Benton County, Iowa, where he established the Benton County Orchards and Nurseries. He soon became identified with horticulture in Iowa, especially through its State Horticultural Society, an organization of which he was secretary from 1873 to 1885 and from 1892 to 1895, serving in all seventeen years. In 1876 he was elected to the chair of Horticulture and Forestry in the Iowa Agricultural College, a position which he held until 1899, when he retired as professor emeritus, having spent twenty-two years in pioneer work in this college. In 1882 Professor Budd visited Russia to study the hardy plants of that country and imported from there many varieties of fruit, as well as other plants, which he thought suited to the climate of the Northwest. After his return his work was largely given up to originating and testing varieties which he thought would prove of value to the States of the Plains. He was preeminent in America for his work with Russian fruits and was one of the first to see the possibilities of our native plums. The frequency with which his name is mentioned in this book as a breeder of hardy fruits indicates his interest in securing plums adapted to the region in which he lived. The horticultural library of Charles Downing, by the wish of the owner, was given to the Iowa Agricultural College with the expectation that Professor Budd would revise Downing’s famous _Fruits and Trees of America_. Ill health prevented the accomplishment of this task, although as senior author he published, in 1902, the _American Horticultural Manual_ in two volumes. During the greater part of his active life he was a constant correspondent of the horticultural press. Professor Budd was a teacher as well as a pomologist and did much for American pomology in imparting to the men who came in contact with him both knowledge and enthusiasm. He died in Phoenix, Arizona, December 26, 1904.

[205] Samuel D. Willard was born August 24, 1835, near Cayuga, New York. He was educated in the district school, Canandaigua Academy, and Temple Hall, Geneseo, having been graduated at the last named place in 1854. After a successful business career of a decade and a half following his schooling, Mr. Willard engaged in the nursery business in Geneva, New York. He prospered in tree-growing and soon embarked in fruit-growing as well, rapidly attaining distinction as a nurseryman and as a fruit-grower. He early began to specialize in plum culture and soon became one of the leading growers of plums, one of the chief authorities on varieties, and one of the largest importers of new sorts. In 1897, with Dr. L. H. Bailey as co-author, Mr. Willard prepared Bulletin 131, _Notes upon Plums_, of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. In this bulletin Mr. Willard put on record the results of his long experience in growing plums and gave descriptions of seventy varieties, nineteen of which he had imported from Europe. Besides this bulletin he has published but little on plums, but his spoken words regarding them may be found in nearly every report of the two horticultural societies of New York since 1880, as they are also to be found in the reports of horticultural societies in neighboring states and the provinces of Canada. Besides his work in horticultural societies, Mr. Willard was one of the earliest and foremost institute speakers in New York. He was, too, for many years active in the development of the state fair in New York, having charge of the horticultural department, a position which he also held at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo in 1901. For nearly a half-century Mr. Willard has been prominent in his profession in the state and nation; he is known by all eastern fruit-growers and his vigorous and enthusiastic utterances in the press, from the platform and in conversation have made him a favorite authority with the fruit-growers of this generation.

[206] Prosper Julius A. Berckmans was one of the noted horticulturists and pomologists of the generation just passing. He was born at Aerschat, near Antwerp, Belgium, October 13, 1830, his father being Dr. Louis Edouard Berckmans, author of the splendid pomological work, _Album de Pomologie_, and as noted in Europe as was the son in America, in horticulture and pomology. The younger Berckmans was educated in Tours, Belgium and Paris, attaining distinction as a student in botany. In 1850 father and son came to America and the following year settled at Plainfield, New Jersey. Six years later the son moved to Augusta, Georgia, and established near that place a horticultural plantation, which he called “Fruitlands,” the nursery of which has become famous throughout the world. Soon after locating in Georgia, Mr. Berckmans became interested in horticultural organizations and later his activities were extended to the promotion of horticulture in the Nation. In 1859 he became a member of the first horticultural society in Georgia. In 1876 he helped to organize and was the first president of the Georgia State Horticultural Society, a position which he held until his death. In 1860 he became a member of the American Pomological Society and was at once intrusted with important committee work in that organization. His work here was done so well that in 1887 he was elected president of the society and later was four times re-elected. Mr. Berckmans was a member of a number of state and national horticultural and scientific organizations other than those named and was an honorary member of many similar societies in Europe. In 1893 he was chosen to make the opening address of the Horticultural Congress held at the World’s Fair in Chicago that year. Mr. Berckmans was eminent in entomology as well as in botany and horticulture and was interested in all the sciences. Through much reading, study and travel he became versed in literature and art as well as science. Mr. Berckmans’ fellow-workers in horticulture, his business associates and the patrons of his nursery, justly esteemed him for his amiability, integrity and public spiritedness. At his death, November 8, 1910, a well spent life was ended.

[207] Luther Burbank, known the world over for his work in bringing into being new plant forms, was born in Lancaster, Massachusetts, March 7, 1849. He was educated in the common schools and in the local academy, his school-training being supplemented by much reading in the well-stocked library of which every New England town boasts. After leaving school, some time was spent in a factory in Worcester, Massachusetts, but, following a strong natural inclination to work with plants, he left the factory to grow vegetables and seeds. It was while so engaged that he grew the Burbank potato, most widely known and most valuable, if gauged by the monetary value of the crops produced, of all of his new plants. In 1875 Mr. Burbank went to California and a few years later began in a small way the plant-breeding nursery at Santa Rosa in which most of his work has since been done. The years preceding this beginning and several following it constitute a time of hard labor, sickness and of financial distress through which only a man of remarkable strength of character could have lived and kept the desire to continue his work. Following a decade, more or less, of difficulties after the start at Santa Rosa, Mr. Burbank’s career as a world-wide figure in plant-breeding may be said to have begun. One cannot briefly catalog the new forms of plants that have gone forth from his private place in California; they must number well into the hundreds; his biographer, in 1905, said that Mr. Burbank has worked with over two thousand five hundred distinct species (Harwood, W. S., _New Creations in Plant Life_ 1. 1905). Among these have been practically all of the species of plums now under cultivation, from which have been obtained, according to Mr. Burbank, hundreds of thousands of plum-seedlings of which the breeder has selected a score or more of very distinct sorts, all interesting and a few of them very valuable. The many other fruits, flowers and forage plants which Mr. Burbank has sent out, each involving the handling of countless seedlings, cannot be mentioned here. Nor can his methods and results be discussed, except to say that in them he is a unique figure in plant-breeding and that they have been such that he has exercised a powerful influence toward the improvement of plants. The practical results of Mr. Burbank’s work have been as great or greater than those secured by any other person in plant-breeding, yet they have been magnified out of all bounds in the popular press and his work has been caricatured by calling the man a wizard and ascribing to him occult knowledge. Of the plants introduced by Mr. Burbank the proportion of really valuable commercial ones seems now to be small, but what he has done cannot be measured by money values; he has awakened universal interest in plant-breeding; has demonstrated that things unheard of before his time can be done with plants; and, all in all, his contributions in new forms of plants to horticulture and agriculture, in their intrinsic and educational value, make him the master worker of the times in improving plants.

[208] Statement in a letter from Mr. Burbank.

[209] Mr. Kerr in a letter written in 1909 says: “Wassu, as I have it, is radically different from descriptions of both Waugh and Bailey. The tree is as slovenly in habit as is that of the Burbank—there all resemblance ceases.”

[210] This French plum proved to be the well-known Peach. See _Horticulturist_ =1=:115. 1846.

[211] Mas _Le Verger_ =6=:61. 1866-73.

[212] Mr. Kerr writes: “As I have them here, Yeddo and White Kelsey are the same. If there is a difference between Georgeson and Mikado, I have failed to discover it, but Georgeson and White Kelsey or Yeddo are plainly distinct. The former is larger, rounder and more greenish in skin color.”

[213] Introduced by Wiley and Company of Cayuga, New York in 1892. See _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =131=:193, fig. 47. 1898.

[214] _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =106=:52. 1896.

[215] _Pom. Mag._ =3=:148. 1830.

[216] _Can. Hort._ =18=:117. 1895.

[217] H. A. Terry was born in Cortland County, New York, July 12th, 1826. His parents were from New England having come as pioneers to New York from Worcester, Massachusetts. The spirit of pioneering seems to have been strong in the Terry family for in 1836 the parents moved again to Livingston County, Michigan. The son, leaving his parents in 1845, again went westward to Knox County, Illinois, and still again in 1846 farther west to Pottawattamie County, Iowa. After this there were still more wanderings in which Mr. Terry and his family, he having married in 1848, were as far east as New Haven, Connecticut, for two years and again west to several places in Iowa. He finally engaged in the nursery business at Crescent, Iowa in 1857; he lived here for over fifty years, giving to the world his best services in the production of new fruits and flowers, and here his death occurred February 14th, 1909. Mr. Terry was noted as a peony and a plum specialist. Of plums he is the originator of over fifty sorts nearly all from the native species—a record unsurpassed in point of numbers for new varieties by any other plum-breeder. Several of Mr. Terry’s plums are of surpassing merit for varieties of their species; among these may be named such well-known sorts as Gold, Hammer, Hawkeye, Nellie Blanche, Crescent City, Downing and Milton. Most of his varieties are offspring of _Prunus americana_ but there are a few from _Prunus munsoniana_ and _Prunus hortulana_. Unfortunately there is little in regard to Mr. Terry’s method of breeding plums on record for he seems to have written or spoken little for publication. He was long a prominent member of the Iowa State Horticultural Society and for a number of years had charge of one of the experiment stations of this society. Of his work with peonies, of which he produced more than one hundred named sorts, and with other plants, space does not permit discussion. The last half of his life of more than four score years was a tireless effort to improve the fruits and flowers of the Mississippi Valley.

[218] Lauche _Deut. Pom._ No. 2. 1882.

[219] _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =106=:53. 1896.

[220] Orville Morell Lord was born in China, Wyoming County, New York, April 20, 1826. When he was eleven years of age the Lord family moved to Lapeer, Michigan, where the subject of this sketch attended the district school and then for a time was in a private school at Pontiac, Michigan. In 1852 Mr. Lord moved to Winona County, Minnesota, where he built a saw mill, and for some years owned and managed a lumber yard. It was only after middle life that he became interested in horticulture and he then chose the native plums as fruits with which to work. He was not a breeder of plums and the Rollingstone, brought in from the wild and sent out by him in 1882, is the only addition to pomology, in the way of a new variety, made by him. The work with this fruit which has given him a name as a plum specialist was in testing hardy varieties. He tried thoroughly all the native plums to be obtained, and much of the present information as to the hardiness of plums for the cold northwest is due to knowledge gained from Mr. Lord’s experimental orchard. He became a member of the Minnesota State Horticultural Society in 1884 and in 1889 was made an honorary life member of this organization. For some years he was a Farmers’ Institute lecturer on horticulture and was for a time horticultural editor of _Farm, Stock and Home_. He was not only known in the Northwest as a plum specialist but carried on correspondence with plum growers throughout the whole country giving much valuable information regarding this fruit. Beside giving attention to plums he tested many apples for his region and was the originator of one or two varieties now very generally grown in his State. During his life he filled several places of public trust, being a member of the Territorial Legislature in 1853-4 and of the State Legislature in 1873-4. He also served at various times in minor offices in his County and in his State being at the time of his death a member of the Forest Reserve Board of Minnesota. With Peter Gideon he was one of the pioneer fruit-growers in the Northwest and while he has left few fruits of his own breeding and few records in print of the work he did, yet his long and faithful service in developing fruit-growing in the Northwest makes him one of the men of note in American pomology. Mr. Lord died July 21, 1906.

[221] Of this fruit Burbank writes to this Station under date of December 6, 1909, as follows:

“I have this season also about 65,000 or 75,000 Plumcot seedlings,—a wholly new fruit which promises great things for localities where it can be grown. These Plumcots vary more astonishingly from seed than anything which I have ever produced. No pure Apricots or pure Plums are produced, but every possible variety and every possible combination and all qualities are brought out strongly. The range of colors is astonishing,—some new combinations of colors never before seen in fruits have been produced. The best California judges of fruits—the great growers and shippers—have pronounced some of these varieties the best fruit ever produced on this earth. Most of these fruits have a beautiful downy skin—many of them smooth—flesh orange, yellow, white, crimson or green; pits peculiar. The fruits vary from about the size of a medium peach down to the size of Green Gage plums, though the various ones are of every possible size, form, flavor, color, time of ripening, etc. The trees, in some cases, grow faster than any other fruit tree. Sometimes branches grow on even quite young trees twelve feet in length and an inch in diameter in a single season. Others are quite slow growers or even dwarfs.”

[222] _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 105. 1891.

[223] J. W. Kerr, one of the best informed and most enthusiastic cultivators of native and Triflora plums, was born in York County, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1842. He is of Scotch-Irish lineage paternally and of English ancestors maternally. His education at the village school was supplemented by several years teaching and much reading and study in horticultural literature, fondness for which seems to have been inborn. In his early manhood Mr. Kerr engaged in growing trees for sale, a business with which he soon combined a fruit plantation in which he collected and tested all the plums that could be grown in his climate, comprising the great majority of the varieties of American species and of the Oriental plums. This work began in 1870, since which time no man has done more to popularize and improve native plums than Mr. Kerr. His most valuable work has been in testing varieties, where his knowledge of this fruit, his judgment and his sense of discrimination have made his opinion, as set forth in his nursery catalog and in the reports of horticultural societies, authoritative. He has, too, done considerable work in breeding plums, Choptank, Sophie and Maryland probably representing the best of his endeavors in originating new plums. It is a duty and a pleasure to acknowledge here the great services rendered by Mr. Kerr in the preparation of _The Plums of New York_.

[224] Emmett Stull Goff was born at Elmira, New York, Sept. 3, 1852. He was educated in the public schools and in the Elmira Free Academy, graduating from the last named place in 1869. The following years were spent on his father’s farm until in 1880 he became Associate Editor of an agricultural paper, but finding the work uncongenial he returned to the farm for a short time leaving again to accept in 1882 a position at the New York Agricultural Experiment Station which had just been established. Here for seven years Professor Goff gave his attention to vegetables. His classification of a number of vegetables, the pea, tomato, cabbage and onion in particular, are still standard in American vegetable culture. During his work at this Station he did much pioneer work in spraying plants and invented a device for mixing kerosene and water. In 1889 Professor Goff moved to Madison, Wisconsin, where he became professor of horticulture in the University of Wisconsin and horticulturist of the Wisconsin Experiment Station. Here for fourteen years he gave his attention to various phases of fruit-growing and vegetable-growing. His bulletin 87 on “Native Plums” is the outcome of several years’ experiments in testing and breeding plums of such of our native species as will grow in Wisconsin. His work with plums is particularly valuable, as he was able, in his location, to do much to ascertain the degree of hardiness of many varieties of the species of cultivated plums. From his work with sterility and fertility of varieties came valuable recommendations regarding the cross-pollination of such varieties as are self-sterile. He is the author of _Principles of Plant Culture_ and _Lessons on Fruit-growing_, text books much used in high schools and agricultural colleges. Professor Goff was a modest and retiring man but singularly independent of view in all things regarding his work and all things that concerned men—a serene, lofty-minded, unselfish man. His death occurred at Madison, June 6th, 1903.

[225] Aug. Royer _Annales De Pomologie Belge et Etrangere_ 63. 1859.

[226] William Prince, born in 1725, was the second proprietor of the famous Prince nursery at Flushing, Long Island, a nursery established by his father, Robert Prince, about 1730. The first of the American Princes was one of the Huguenots who settled at New Rochelle and on the north shore of Long Island, bringing with them a great number of French fruits and the love of the French people for horticulture. The nursery, one of the first, and certainly the most important one in America at this time, grew rapidly until the Revolutionary War. The establishment was of such public importance that during a part of the war the British placed a guard over it to protect it from depredation. With the establishment of peace came an increased trade and the nursery soon attained even greater prominence than before the war. An effort was made by William Prince, then in charge, to import all of the valuable European fruits beside which he grew many seedlings, selecting carefully from them new varieties. Thus in 1790 twenty-five quarts of Reine Claude plum pits were planted from which came Yellow Gage, Imperial Gage and probably the Washington plum. Prince died in 1802, his business having been divided between two sons; Benjamin Prince keeping the original place under the name The Old American Nursery and William Prince occupying a new place called the Linnean Botanic Garden and Nursery. William Prince seems not to have had the inclination to write as did his son and grandson but had, even more than they, business energy. His European exportations and importations made his name famous in horticulture abroad as well as at home. To him Americans owe the introduction of many varieties of foreign fruits and ornamental plants; his was the first of the great nurseries of the country, soon to be followed by others, to import and exchange plants with foreign countries; his is the first recorded attempt to breed fruits in America on an extensive scale and the fact that the three plums sent out by him are still valuable varieties indicates his judgment as to worth in fruits. The reputation made by his son, William Prince, the second, and by William Robert Prince, a grandson, as writers on horticultural subjects, is in large measure due to the information acquired for them and the training given them by the William Prince of this sketch.

[227] Gilbert Onderdonk was born in Sharon, New York, September 30, 1829. As a boy he showed a taste for horticulture and while a lad planted seeds of potatoes, made selections and developed several varieties more or less widely grown in the middle of the last century. Mr. Onderdonk was educated in the Cortland Academy at Cortland, N. Y., and in the State Normal College at Albany. After having taught in the district schools of New York for a few years, he found it necessary to go to a warmer climate because of bronchial trouble and in 1851 moved to Texas, where he became a cowboy, a rancher and finally a fruit-grower. In the region in which he had settled there were wild grapes and wild plums in abundance. The luxuriance of growth and the number of these fruits so impressed him with the possibilities of fruit culture in southwestern Texas that he began planting fruit trees. Of necessity these came from the north and for most part failed. Not to be discouraged, Mr. Onderdonk began the improvement of the wild varieties about his home. From 1855 to the present time his work has been the testing for the region in which he lives, of every variety of fruit to be had in Europe and America, and the improvement of the wild fruits growing about him. The plum, in particular, has received attention from Mr. Onderdonk, and his chief work with this fruit has been the hybridization of Triflora and Munsoniana varieties from the crossing of which he has grown some valuable plums. In 1887, the United States Department of Agriculture employed Mr. Onderdonk to work with plums, grapes and peaches in the southwest, the results of which are to be found in the reports of the Department immediately following the year mentioned. He has also done considerable work for the French in sending resistant vines to France. Mr. Onderdonk is one of several workers in horticulture who have unremittingly served Texas and the southwest in the production of new varieties of fruits and in testing varieties from other regions. The value of the foundation these men have laid for horticulture in the southwest cannot now be estimated.

[228] _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =118=:52, 54. 1895.

[229] Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 493. 1897.

[230] Joseph L. Normand was born at Marksville, Louisiana, January 14, 1853. He was educated in the public schools of the parish in which he lived. After leaving school he followed the vocation of a printer for a number of years, though from childhood horticulture had been an avocation with him. Before middle life he gave up office work to begin actively the growing of nursery and fruit trees. His work in horticulture early developed into plant-breeding and towards the close of his life all of his energies were devoted to the production of new types of plants. In his plant-breeding Mr. Normand became noted as a hybridizer and a great majority of the fruits and ornamentals sent out by him were hybrids. Among these may be named the Carnegie Orange, a hybrid more or less frost resistant, which he obtained by crossing the Louisiana Sweet Orange with _Citrus trifoliata_. Mr. Normand also devoted much time to the testing of figs and sent out the New French Fig, selected from some seventy varieties which he had grown. Pears, apples and plums received his attention and in all these fruits he developed original types by hybridization. Possibly his most meritorious work with the plum has been in testing Triflora and native varieties, although he has sent out not a few hybrids of this fruit most of which, however, do not thrive in northern climates. Mr. Normand did for his region what Kerr, Munson, Terry, Lord and Williams have done in other parts of North America in testing plums. All who knew Mr. Normand say that in this day of commercialism he worked almost wholly for the love of plants—to improve them for his fellow fruit-growers regardless of the money to be made in his calling. He lived and worked in a region where his achievements were at first little known and little understood, quite content to work for his work’s sake, but in the end he gained distinction among the fruit-growers of his State and attracted the attention of plant-breeders all over the United States. Mr. Normand died in the town of his birth, April 17, 1910.

[231] A. L. Bruce, whose name appears so frequently in the pages of _The Plums of New York_ as a breeder of native plums, is of Scotch descent. His father, however, came from Illinois to Texas, settling at Basin Springs, Grayson County, in 1845, where he planted the first orchard in that part of Texas. The son, subject of this sketch, was born October 6, 1861, and was educated in the common schools at Basin Springs, Texas. His work in growing and breeding trees began in his youth, for in 1877 he established himself as a grower and collector of native plums to which he added many of the Triflora varieties that were soon after introduced from Japan. Mr. Bruce’s first definite problem in breeding plums was to find extra early and extra late sorts for Texas; his Six Weeks, Red May, Dayton and several other plums were the results of these efforts. In 1902 Mr. Bruce moved to Donley County in the Panhandle of Texas from which place he has sent out and continues to send out Triflora, native and hybrid plums of unusual merit. Beside working with plums Mr. Bruce is a breeder of peaches, pears, raspberries, dewberries and apples, to all of which fruits he has made more or less notable contributions. Mr. Bruce is still in the prime of life, has many plant-breeding problems projected and his work promises much for horticulture in the Southwest and in the country at large.

Transcriber’s Notes

Words surrounded by _ are italicized.

Words surrounded by = are bold.

Illustrations were relocated to correspond to their references in the text.

The illustration “October” was apparently omitted from the book (three different copies checked).

Obvious printer errors corrected and inconsistent spellings have been kept, including inconsistent use of hyphen, accents, capitalisation, and proper names.

Index entries that do not match their referenced text corrected (except where the text is an obvious printer error). Index entries that refer to non-existent text have been deleted.