chapter III
.]
[Footnote 161: She never made any great effort to bring up her children as Catholics. She took Prince Charles to Mass sometimes, but desisted at her husband's request. In the marriage contract all that was said about the religion of the children of the marriage was, that they were to have free exercise of the Catholic religion, but it was provided that they were to be brought up by their mother until they reached the age of thirteen years.]
[Footnote 162: Bib. Nat., Paris, MS. Cinq Cents de Colbert, 356. Greffier to Du Perron, December 9th, 1632.]
[Footnote 163: P.R.O. Roman Transcripts.]
[Footnote 164: There were two oaths which troubled the Catholics, that of supremacy and that of allegiance; the first declared the King "supremo Capo della Chiesa Anglicana," the second was aimed at the deposing power of the Pope, and was drawn up in 1606. A good many Catholics, particularly the Benedictines, believed that the second, or oath of allegiance, could lawfully be taken by Catholics (who suffered commercially from their refusal) notwithstanding its condemnation by Paul V. Panzani's Relazione, Add. MS., 15,389.]
[Footnote 165: Archives of See of Westminster.]
[Footnote 166: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 167: _Ibid._]
[Footnote 168: _Deus, Natura, Gratia_ (1635). The real name of the author was Christopher Davenport; he died in 1680.]
[Footnote 169: Archives of See of Westminster.]
[Footnote 170: "Il Laboru sacerdote secolare m'ha detto che pochi giorni sono il Cantuarieuse diose alia Duchessa di Buchingam che presto questo Regno sarà reconciliata alia Chiesa Romana. Io non volevo credere questo ma detto Laboru me l'ha giurato. Io manco lo credo e se l'ha detto havrà burlato."--Panzani to Barberini, April 9th, 1636. Add. MS., 15,389.]
[Footnote 171: Archives of See of Westminster. Letter of Peter Fitton, agent of English secular clergy in Rome, July, 1636.]
[Footnote 172: Add. MS., 15,389.]
[Footnote 173: P.R.O. Roman Transcripts. Henrietta Maria to Cardinal Barberini, October, 1637.]
[Footnote 174: "Da questo e da altri motivi puotiamo vedere che la quiete che godiamo per la gratia di Dio non e per ragione del Stato come alcuni politici a Roma discorrono, perche tal quiete non e giudicata a proposito da questi ministri di Stato ma piu presto il contrario accio che tanto piu apparisca il zelo constante della Regina alla quale sola in terra si deve tutto."--June, 1639. Add. MS., 15,392, f. 64.]
[Footnote 175: P.R.O. Roman Transcripts. In 1629 she had accepted the dedication of the English translation of Richeome's _Pilgrime of Loretto_.]
[Footnote 176: Add. MS., 15,389.]
[Footnote 177: MS. Français, 23,597.]
[Footnote 178: Rous: _Diary_, Camden Soc. (1856), p. 12.]
[Footnote 179: Cf. Prynne: _Popish Royal Favourite_ (1643). "By all these our whole 3 Kingdomes ... must of necessity now see and acknowledge that there is and hath bin all his Majesties Reigne till this instant a most strong cunning desperate confederacie prosecuted (wherein the Queens Majestie hath been chiefe) to set up Popery in perfection and extirpate the Protestant party and religion in all his Majesties dominions" (p. 35).]
[Footnote 180: 150,000 is the number given by a Catholic reporter in 1635 (Westminster Archives), and Panzani gives the same number. Add. MS., 15,389.]
[Footnote 181: The population of England and Wales was probably about 5,000,000.]
[Footnote 182: Archives of See of Westminster.]
[Footnote 183: Du Perron: _Proces Verbal de l'assemblée du clerge_, 1645.]
[Footnote 184: It can hardly be doubted that when the marriage dispensation was given it was hoped that Charles' successor would be a Catholic. The English Catholics resident abroad shared to some extent the continental opinion of the King and Queen of England.]
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