Book iv

. 453-468.

[69] According to Professor Skeat, from A.S. _niht_, night; _mara_, lit. “a crusher,” from Aryan root, MAR, to crush. Cf. _Etymol. Dict._

[70] _Among the Indians of Guiana_, pp. 344-346.

[71] W. G. Black: _Folk-Medicine_, p. 13.

[72] _Teut. Mythol._, 1165.

[73] Cf. Grimm, _Teut. Mythol._ 1177.

[74] “Voilà autant de rapports que les Bouddhistes ont avec nous,” adds the traveller, for hinting at which analogies between Buddhists and Catholics the Pope put his book on the Index.

[75] In a Finnish legend, which is the subject of Southey’s “Donica,” a maiden of that name moves about seemingly alive after her death in virtue of a parchment as magic spell, which is fastened to her wrist, until a sorcerer finds out the secret of the connection and unfastens the parchment, when the counterfeit life departs.

[76] _Mythology of the Aryan Nations_, i. 140.

[77] Brinton’s _Myths of the New World_, p. 51 (second edition).

[78] I am indebted to the Rev. Richard Morris for this reference.

[79] Jacob Grimm remarks that whilst the more palpable breath, as spirit, is masculine, the living, life-giving soul is treated as a delicate feminine essence. _Soul_ is the Icelandic _sála_, German _seele_, Gothic _saiwala_, akin to _saivs_, which means “the sea.” _Saivs_ is from a root, _si_, or _siv_, the Greek _seio_, to shake, and this choice of the word _saivala_ may indicate that the ancient Teutons conceived of the soul “as a sea within, heaving up and down with every breath, and reflecting heaven and earth on the mirror of the deep.”--_T. M._ p. 826.

[80] _Prim. Culture_, i. 412.

[81] _Brinton_, p. 271.

[82] _Iliad_, xxiii. 103 (trans. Lang and others).

[83] Cf. Lecky’s _History of Rationalism_, i. 340.

[84] _Prim. Culture_, i. 411. See _Soul Shapes_ (Fisher Unwin, 1890).

[85] “To the ear of the savage, animals certainly seem even to talk. This fact is universally evident, and ought to be fully realised.”--Im Thurn’s _Guiana_, p. 351.

[86] _Dorman_, pp. 287, 288.

[87] Grimm’s _Teutonic Mythology_, p. 827.

[88] Cox and Jones, _Popular Romances_, p. 139.

[89] _Brinton_, p. 107.

[90] Cf. _Ante_, pp. 110-114.

[91] More correctly, “that engenders it.”

[92] _Hibbert Lectures_, 1884, pp. 39, 40.

[93] The Society’s advertisement is as follows:--

“THOUGHT-TRANSFERENCE, APPARITIONS, etc.--The Society for Psychical Research will be grateful for any good evidence bearing on such phenomena as thought-reading, clairvoyance, presentiments, and dreams, noted at the time of occurrence and afterwards confirmed; unexplained disturbances in places supposed to be haunted; apparitions at the moment of death or otherwise; and of such other abnormal events as may seem to fall under somewhat the same categories. Communications to be addressed to E. Gurney, 14 Dean’s Yard, S.W.; or to F. W. H. Myers, Leckhampton House, Cambridge. Applications for information or for membership to be addressed to the Secretary, at the Society’s Offices, 14 Dean’s Yard, S.W.”

[94] Matthew Arnold, _Empedocles on Etna_.

[95] _Hume_, p. 50.

[96] Dr. Carpenter’s _Mental Physiology_, p. 27.

[97] St. Geo. Mivart’s _Genesis of Species_, p. 325. In the second edition of this work Professor Mivart cites with satisfaction the authority of S. Thomas Aquinas and of Cardinal Newman on the matter!

[98] For criticism of this pseudo-scientific theory see Professor Clifford’s brilliant paper in _Lectures and Essays_, i. 228, ff.; and a review of “The Unseen Universe” by the present writer, _Fraser’s Mag._, Jan. 1876.

[99] The following Mohammadan recipe for summoning spirits is given in Klunzinger’s _Upper Egypt_. “Fast seven days in a lonely place, and take incense with you, such as benzoin, aloeswood, mastic, and odoriferous wood from Soudan, and read the chapter 1001 times (from the Koran) in the seven days--a certain number of readings, namely, for every day one of the five daily prayers. That is the secret, and you will see indescribable wonders; drums will be beaten beside you, and flags hoisted over your head, and you will see spirits full of light and of beautiful and benign aspect.”--(P. 386).

[100] In Roget’s _Thesaurus_, sect. 511, a curious and instructive list of terms expressive of the different forms of divination is given.

[101] Numb. xii. 6; 1 Sam. xxviii. 6, 15, etc.

[102] Chap. xxxiv.

[103] Cf. _Ency. Brit._, Art. “Dreams.”