X.

XEROLOPHON; this Word signifies a _dry Unction_, and the Place was call’d so, because whoever was anointed there never us’d to bath, 259

_FINIS._

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A DESCRIPTION Of the CITY of CONSTANTINOPLE, As it stood in the REIGNS of ARCADIUS and HONORIUS.

Published from the _Notitia Utriusque Imperii_.

WITH PANCIROLUS’_s_ NOTES.

——_Vestigia retrò Observata sequor._——

VIR. ÆN. II.

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_LONDON_: Printed in the Year MDCCXXIX.

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A DESCRIPTION Of the WARDS of CONSTANTINOPLE.

The first _Region_, or _Ward_.

_The first_ Ward _contains in it, the House of_ Placidia Augusta; _the House of the most illustrious_ Marina; _the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Arcadius; _twenty nine Streets; an Hundred and eighteen large Houses; two_ Portico’s _of a great Length; fifteen private_ Bagnio’s; _four publick, and fifteen private Mills; and four_ Gradus. _It was governed by one_ Curator, _who had under his Charge, the whole_ Ward. _There was also one_ Vernaculus, _who was Messenger of the_ Ward, _was also Assistant to him, and entirely at his Command. It had also twenty five_ Collegiati, _chosen out of the several Bodies of Tradesmen, whose Office it was to direct and assist in Cases of Fire. There were also five_ Vico-Magistri, _whose Business it was to watch the City by Night_.

* * * * *

Thus far my Author. I shall here add a Remark made by _Gyllius_, it not being foreign to our Purpose, _viz._ That those whom _P. Victor_ and _S. Rufus_, believed to have been called the _Denunciatores_ in antient _Rome_, here in new _Rome_, he calls _Vernaculi_. Neither of them mention the _Collegiati_, tho’ all Historians take Notice of the _Vico-Magistri_, who with more Propriety of the _Latin_ Tongue, should rather have been called _Vicorum Magistri_, as appears, he tells us, by an Inscription yet remaining in the Capitol of _Old Rome_, which is as follows.

IMP. CAESARI DIVI. TRAIANI PARTHICI FIL. DIVI NERVAE NEPOTI. TRAIANO HADRIANO. AVG. PONTIF. MAXIMO. TRIBVNIC. POTESTAT. XX. IMP. II. CON. III. P. MAGISTRI VICORVM XIIII.

NOTES.

_The first Ward._] ’Tis evident from _Pliny_, and also from _Tacitus_, in that Part of his History, where he mentions the Burning of the City by _Nero_, that antient _Rome_ was divided into fourteen _Regions_, or _Wards_. _Sex. Rufus_, and _P. Victor_, who had pass’d the _Consular_ Dignity, have given us some short Descriptions of them. As to the _Wards_ of _New Rome_, they are here described as I found them placed before the _Notitia Utriusque Imperii_. _Constantinople_, which was a kind of Representation of _Old Rome_, was likewise after her Example, as _Justinian_ observes in his 43ᵈ _Novel_, divided into fourteen _Wards_; and he calls them _Regions_ or _Wards_. There were many Monuments of Antiquity carried thither from _Old Rome_, and many new ones made there, which I could by no Means pass by, as the Accounts of them may be necessary to the Knowledge of both Places. And therefore to explain and illustrate them the more, I have subjoined some _Annotations_ of my own; and have also taken Notice, as they fell in my Way, of some Observations made in my _Comments_ on the _Notitia_, _&c._ The Author of the _Description_ observes this Method. The Churches, and other Matters which are most Material, he treats of in the first Place, then he mentions what is less Important, in the same Order, in every _Ward_; as the Streets, Houses, _Bagnio’s_, Mills, the _Gradus_, then the _Curator_, _Vernaculus_, the _Collegiati_, and last of all, the _Vico-Magistri_. In the thirteenth _Ward_, through a Mistake, the Streets are omitted, which Error I have taken Care to correct, as I have also another in the fourteenth _Ward_, where he has left out the _Curator_, the _Vernaculus_, the _Collegiati_, and the _Vico-Magistri_. He mentions only fourteen Churches, in seven _Wards_; whereas at _Rome_, there was not a Street without some Temple or other, and some had two. I shall make my _Annotations_ upon every Monument of Antiquity, in the same _Ward_, and in the same Place, that I find it.

_The House of_ Placidia Augusta.] This Lady was the Daughter of _Theodosius_ the _Great_, and Sister of _Arcadius_ and _Honorius_. When _New Rome_ was taken by _Alaric_, King of the _Goths_ and _Vandals_, he carried her away into Captivity, who afterward married his Kinsman and Successor _Athaulfus_. Upon his Death, she was restored to her Countrey, and being married again to _Constantius_, she had by him two Sons, _Valentinian_ and _Honoriades_; as _Eutropius_, _Zonaras_, _Cedrinus_, and other Historians tell us.

_The House of the most illustrious_ Marina.] _Marina_ was the Daughter of _Arcadius_, who being honoured with the Title of the _Most Illustrious_, as _Cedrinus_ writes, continued a Virgin. The Title of the _Most Illustrious_, is discovered by an antient Inscription to have been first given to _Valerianus_ the Younger, about the Year of our Lord 260. Afterwards it was given to _Severinus_, and _Maximinus Cæsar_, and at Length it was ascribed to Ladies of the highest Birth. This sometimes entitled them to a Share in the Government; for whosoever was dignified with this Character, was allowed to wear a Purple Habit, laced round with Gold, and took Place of the _Præfecti_, (the Mayors or Chief Magistrates of the City) as _Zosimus_ observes, who will have it, that this Honour was first instituted by _Constantine_; tho’ ’tis very evident, that this Dignity was conferred long before his Time.

_The Bagnio’s of_ Arcadius.] They were so called, because they were built by him, as _Procopius_ writes in his 1st _Orat._ concerning the Buildings of _Justinian_. As you sail, says he, out of the _Propontis_, to the Eastern Coast, you see a Publick _Bagnio_, call’d the _Arcadian Bagnio_, which is a great Ornament to the City. In this Place _Justinian_ built a Court, which lies before the City, so near to the Sea, that they who walk upon the Shore, may hold a Discourse with any of the Ships Crew, as they sail by them. The Account I shall give of the Curiosities of this Court, is as follows. The Court it self is a very beautiful Building, and is fann’d with gentle Breezes. ’Tis paved with delicate Marble, and adorned with stately Pillars, which afford a delectable Prospect, even to a Brightness, which seems to rival a Meridian Sun-shine. There are also many other Curiosities which adorn this Court, some of which are Pieces of most elegant Workmanship, both in Brass and Stone. Thus far _Procopius_. The _Bagnio’s_ here mentioned are probably the same with those which are called the _Xerolophus_, which _Cedrinus_ tells us were built by _Arcadius_. The _Xerolophus_, says he, was built by _Arcadius_, the Pillars of which are all like that Pillar, which _Theodosius_ erected in the _Taurus_. _Socrates_ in his _Seventh_ Book, _Chap._ 1. attests, that this Building stood in the _Forum_ of _Arcadius_. For speaking of one _Sabbatius_ a Heretick, he says, that the People rais’d a Tax to oppose _Sesonnicus_ their Bishop, in a Place of the City which is called Ξηρόλοφος, in the _Forum_ of _Arcadius_. Thus _Socrates_. This was certainly a Building which consisted of several Apartments, which induces me to believe it was the _Bagnio’s_ here mentioned. For _Nicephorus Gregoras_, in his _Seventh Book_, _Chap._ 1. writes, That _Athanasius_, Patriarch of _Constantinople_, resided some Time in the Apartments of the _Xerolophus_. The Word _Xerolophus_, says _Suidas_, signifies a _Dry Unction_, and the Place was called so, because, when any Body was anointed there, they never used to bath, and adds; That this Place was formerly famous for Oracles, and that answers were given to Enquiries there made, from a _Tripos_. There were also in the same Place sixteen private Apartments, with Winding-Stairs. I have seen it in an antient _Greek_ Author, that there were here twelve Buildings with Winding-Stairs, as also the Columns of _Diana_, _Severus_, _Marcianus_, and the Statues of _Valentinian_, and _Theodosius_ the _Less_. _Justinian_ also quotes an Inscription there, taken out of the _Fifth Book_ of _Xenophon_’s _Anabasis_. _Zonaras_ also writes, that when _Leo Isaurus_ was Emperor of _Constantinople_, the Statue of _Arcadius_, placed upon a Pillar in the _Xerolophus_, was thrown down by an Earthquake. The _Bagnio’s_ here mentioned were called Publick, or Imperial _Bagnio’s_; whereas those which were built by private Persons were called _Thermæ_, or _Baths_.

_A Hundred and eighteen Houses._] I take the Word _Houses_ in this Place, to signifie the Dwelling Houses of some of the principal Men of the City, as the Great Mens Houses at _Rome_ were distinguished by standing by themselves, and having no other Houses adjoining to them.

_Two_ Portico’s _of a great Length_.] These _Portico’s_, as at present, were not joined to Houses, so as to seem a Part of them, but were built separate from them, contrived for the Pleasure of Walking, and refreshing the Mind. Hence it is, that _Strabo_, _Lib._ V. _de Geogra._ where he is describing the Parts of _Rome_, calls the _Portico_ of _Livia_ the περίπατον, or Walk. _Pliny_ is of the same Opinion in his _Fourth Book_, _Chap._ 1. _Strabo_ tells us in another Place, that the _Cumani_ of _Æolis_ borrowed Money to build a _Portico_, and that when they failed, as to the Time of Payment, the Person, who gave them Credit, laid them under a Prohibition not to walk in it, but only when it rained; and when the Cryer called aloud to them to enter the _Portico_, it passed into a Proverb, _That the Cumani_ dared not to enter their _Portico_ without the Leave of the Cryer. These are the same Kind of _Portico’s_ which _Ulpian_ means, where he mentions the _Portico’s_, which had no Houses adjoining to them. _Tacitus_, _Lib._ XV. speaking of the Burning of _Rome_ by _Nero_, takes Notice of these Ambulatory _Portico’s_, when he tells us, that the _Portico’s_ which were dedicated to Pleasure, were most of them destroyed by Fire. There was a _Portico_ of this Sort at _Athens_, Part of which, as _Pliny_ records, _Lib._ XXXV. _Cap._ 3. was painted by _Myco_, who was paid for it; and the other Part was finished _gratis_ by _Polygnotus_, an eminent Painter. It was for this Reason, that ’twas call’d _Porticus varia_, or ποικίλη. This is the same _Portico_ in which _Zeno_ taught, and for which he was called the Father of the _Stoicks_. _Suidas_ says, that it was customary to adorn such _Portico’s_ with Silver and Marble Statues, as appears by a Will mentioned by _Marcellus_, which runs thus, _My Will and Pleasure is, that my Heir, at his own Expence, build in my native Countrey a Publick_ Portico, _in which, I desire my Silver and Marble Statues may be reposited_. I believe my Author understands in this Clause of the Will, the same Kind of _Portico’s_ with those I now comment upon, which were of so considerable a Length, that they reached from the Imperial Palace, to the _Forum_ of _Constantine_. For _Procopius_ writes, in his _First Orat. de Ædif. Justin._ That in the Reign of _Justinian_, the Church of St. _Sophia_, and both the long _Portico’s_, stretching themselves as far as the _Forum_ of _Constantine_, were burnt down. The same Fact is testified by _Cedrinus_, who says, that both these _Portico’s_ were consumed by Fire, in the Reign of _Basiliscus_, altho’ after these Casualities, they were always rebuilt. I would observe, that every _Ward_ at _Constantinople_ had in it some _Portico’s_, though some _Wards_ at Rome had none.

_Four Gradus._] The Word, which is here called _Gradus_, signifies a Tribunal, which was ascended by Marble Steps, to receive the Bread which was to be distributed among the common People, and which, was therefore called, _Panis Gradilis_. _Valentinian_ tells us, that the carrying the _Panis Gradilis_ from one Tribunal to another, is strictly forbidden. He also commands in _Cod. Theod._ that every one receive the _Panis Gradilis_ from the Tribunal. From which Passages it is plain, that this _Gradus_ was a famous Tribunal, from whence they used to distribute Bread. For _Constantine_, as _Metaphrastes_ writes, bestowed every Day upon the Poor, eighty Thousand Loaves. _Socrates_, _Lib._ II. _Cap._ 13. says expressly, that he gave Daily eighty Thousand Bushels of Corn to the Poor; besides, as _Suidas_ adds, Wine, and Flesh, and Oil. These were therefore _Gradus_, or Tribunals, erected in this _Ward_ for that Purpose.

_It was governed by one_ Curator, _who had under his Charge the whole_ Ward.] The _Curators_ (who seem something like our Aldermen) were first instituted by _Augustus_, and by _Suetonius_, _Cap._ XXX. are called _Magistratus_. He divided, says he, meaning _Augustus_, the City into Streets and _Wards_, and commanded that the _Wards_ should be governed by a Magistrate, chosen by Lot yearly, and that the Streets should be governed by a Master elected out of the common People. Afterwards, in the Room of these, _Alexander Augustus_ appointed fourteen _Curators_. _Lampridius_ tells us, that _Rome_ chose fourteen _Curators_, out of the most eminent Citizens, and obliged them to assist the _Prefect_ of the City, so that all, or most of them attended, when any Thing was transacted for the good of the Publick. It was a principal Part of their Business to decide Causes, and to take Care of Orphans, and the Poor.

_There was also one_ Vernaculus _who was Messenger of the_ Ward, _he assisted the_ Curator, _and was entirely at his Command_.] The Business of this Officer was to be subservient to the _Curator_, and give Notice to, and summon the Citizens to meet in all Matters, which more immediately related to the _Ward_. Their Office was the same, mentioned by _S. Rufus_, and _P. Victor_, who give them at _Old Rome_, the Name of _Denunciatores_. Two of which were appointed to assist in every _Ward_.

_It had also twenty five_ Collegiati, _chosen out of the several Bodies of Tradesmen, whose Business it was, to direct and assist in Cases of Fire_.] At _Rome_ the _Præfectus Vigilum_ commanded in Chief the seven Companies of Freemen appointed for a constant Watch to the City. This Office was instituted by _Augustus_, who placed a single Company over two _Wards_, as is observed by _Suetonius_, and _Dion._ _Lib._ LV. and by _Paullus_, _Lib. de Offi. præ. Vigil._ These Men were chosen out of the several Bodies of the Tradesmen, whose Business was the same with those at _Rome_; and were called _Collegiati._ The Number of them was always stated, and unalterable so that when one of them died, the _Prefect_ of the City filled up the Vacancy with one of his own Body. _Honorius_ and _Theodosius_, in their _Letters Mandatory_ to _Æstius Prefect_ of the City, will and command, _That the Number of five hundred sixty three be the standing Number of them, and that no Person presume by any Authority whatsoever, to alter that Number; so that it shall be lawful to you only, in the Presence of the Body Corporate, when any Person is deceased, or otherways removed, to elect, and nominate one to succeed him out of the same Body Corporate of which he was a Member_: These _Collegiati_ are chosen out of thirty five Corporations of Tradesmen, which are particularly specified in a Letter sent by _Constantine_ to _Maximus_, and are discharged upon their Election from all other Offices whatsoever. In this first _Ward_, there were only twenty five of them, in others more or less, who made up the Number a Hundred and sixty, or a Hundred and sixty three. To complete the Number of which, as appears from the first Book of _Zeno de Collegiat._ Thirty seven or forty, are wanting in the last _Ward_. The Word _Collegiati_, in other Places, sometimes signifies the _Deacons_ who buried the Dead; and sometimes it is taken for _Freemen_, as in _Lib._ XLI. _Co. Theod. de Op. Pub._

_There were also five_ Vico-Magistri, _whose Business it was to watch the City by Night_.] These were originally instituted by _Augustus_. _Suetonius_, in the Life of _Augustus_, _Chap._ XXX. writes, that the City was divided into Streets and _Wards_, and adds, that _Augustus_ commanded, that the Magistrates of the _Wards_ should be annually chosen by Lot. The Streets were governed by the _Vico-Magistri_, who were elected out of the Commons, in the Neighbourhood of the Streets, over which they presided; so that as those who governed the _Wards_ were called _Curatores_, so they who governed the Streets were called _Vico-Magistri_. ’Tis very probable, that these Magistrates had some Soldiers under their Command to prevent Robberies, and other Outrages committed in the Night, as _Old Rome_ had its _Vigils_, or Watchmen, who were all Soldiers. There were two, three, or four _Vico-Magistri_ appointed over every Street at _Rome_: At _Constantinople_ every _Ward_ had but five, so that the whole Number of them is Seventy; although my Author in his _Summary View of the City_, which follows hereafter, reckons no more than sixty five.

The Second _Ward_.

_The second_ Ward, _after an easy, and almost imperceptible Ascent above its Level from the lesser Theatre, falls with a deep Precipice down to the Sea. This_ Ward _contains in it, the Great Church of St._ Sophia; _the Old Church; the Senate-House; a Tribunal with_ Porphyry _Steps; the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Zeuxippus; _a Theatre; an Amphitheatre; thirty four Streets; ninety eight large Houses; four great_ Portico’s; _thirteen private Baths; four private Mills, and four_ Gradus. _It has also one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _thirty five_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The great Church of St._ Sophia.] This Church, some say, was built by _Constantine_, others by _Constantius_. It was afterwards burnt down, and rebuilt by _Justinian_, and was then look’d upon as the finest and most beautiful Church in the whole World. _Periander_, and others, whose Works are still extant, have described at large the Delicacy and Magnificence of this wonderful Piece of Architecture. _Evagrius_ writes, that this Church measured in Length a Hundred and ninety Foot, in Breadth a Hundred and fifteen; and that from the Pavement to the Top of the _Cupola_, it was an Hundred and eighty Foot high.

_The Old Church._] I suppose the Author here means one of those Churches which were built by _Constantine_, some of which are mentioned by _Procopius_, in _Lib. de Ædif. Justinian._

_The Senate-House._] In this Place they held their Senate, which, as _Sozomen_ affirms, was built by _Constantine_ the _Great_, where he commanded the same yearly Solemnity to be celebrated on the _Calends_ of _Jan._ as was done at _Rome_. It was burnt down, upon a Sedition occasioned by an Attempt to banish St. _Chrysostom_ out of the City, and was rebuilt, as _Procopius_ tells us, with greater Splendor.

_A Tribunal with_ Porphyry _Steps_.] This Tribunal was made of _Porphyry_ Marble, which Word in _Latin_, signifies _Purple_, because _Porphyry_ Marble is of a _Purple_ Colour.

_The_ Bagnio’s _of_ Zeuxippus.] These _Bagnio’s_ were famous for a _Portico_, which run round the Houses and Shops adjoining to them. There was a yearly Revenue assigned for lighting the Lamps of this _Bagnio_, and repairing them. _Theodosius_ in _Lib. de Op. Pub._ writes thus; _Because there are many Houses and Shops adjoining the_ Portico’s _of_ Zeuxippus, _we will and command, that the yearly Income of the said Houses and Shops, without any Pretence or Excuse to the contrary, be paid into our Imperial_ Bagnio, _for purchasing Lights, and for the Repairs of the said_ Bagnio’s. This Passage is part of a Letter which he wrote to _Severinus_, _Prefect_ of the City, (not _Prætor_) as it stands in the _Codex Theodos. de Op. Pub._ These _Bagnio’s_ formerly stood near the Imperial Palace, and were afterwards called the _Bagnio’s_ of the _Numeri_, as _Nicephorus_ writes, _Lib._ IX. _Cap._ 9. _Sozomen_ and _Socrates_ take Notice of the same _Bagnio’s_. I believe they were first built by _Zeuxippus_, who persecuted the _Christians_ at _Byzantium_, much about the Time of _Nero_; and who among other of his Severities, forced St. _Andrew_ to fly to _Argyropolis_. If I mistake not, he was at that Time Lieutenant of _Macedonia_ and _Thrace_. These _Bagnio’s_ were enlarged and beautified by _Severus_ the Emperor, for which Reason they were afterwards called the _Bagnio’s_ of _Severus_. After this they were called _Balnea Numerorum_, because great Numbers of Soldiers use to bath there. _Zosimus_, in his second Book writes, that these _Bagnio’s_ formerly stood in a _Peninsula_. In antient Times, says he, _Constantinople_ had a Port at the End of the _Bagnio’s_, which were built by _Severus_ the Emperor, when he was reconciled to the _Byzantians_, for opening the Gates of the City to _Niger_, his Enemy. _Suidas_ says, that a Poet named _Christodorus_, celebrated the Statues and Images of _Zeuxippus_ in Verse, among which he is very

## particular in the Praises of the Statue of _Hesiod_. _Procopius_, in

his First Book, _de Ædif. Justinian._ tells us, that these _Bagnio’s_ were rebuilt by _Justinian_, but were called the _Zeuxippum_, because in this Place they used to run their _Horses in Pairs_, as the Word _Zeuxippus_ signifies in the _Greek_. St. _Gregory Nazianzen_ takes Notice of them in his Oration to the _Arians_, and in another which he made _concerning himself_. I am not, says he, taking a Journey to a new _Jerusalem_, that is to the _Zeuxippum_; for that Place was laid in Ashes in the Reign of _Justinian_. The _Bagnio’s_ of _Severus_, as _Cedrinus_ relates, which were call’d the _Zeuxippum_, were consumed by Fire. In this Place was a very delightful Variety of Prospects. All the ingenious Contrivances of Art were here expressed in Marble and Stone, and the most elaborate Workmanship of Antiquity. In short, the Designs here were so matchless and inimitable, that they seemed to want nothing but a Soul to animate, and inform them. Among other surprizing Pieces of antient Skill, was the Statue of old _Homer_. The Figure was finished very naturally, and in his Looks might be observed a great Thoughtfulness, with a Mixture of much Uneasiness and Trouble. This Place was also beautified with brazen Pillars, which had been here set up in Honour of those great Personages, who had been renowned for their Learning or Virtue, through the whole World.

_An Amphitheatre._] This stands near the Sea Shore. You must pass by it, as you go to the Imperial Palace, and the Port of _Julian_, between which Places there were formerly Lime Kilns, which were commanded to be filled up by _Theodosius_ the _Less_, as the Reader may see in _Lib. ult. Cod. Theod._ _We will and command_, says he, _that all Lime-kilns, standing on any Ground, between the Sea Shore, the Amphitheatre, and the Port of St._ Julian, _be entirely demolished, for the Benefit and Health of our most great and magnificent City_, and _by Reason of the Nearness they stand to our Imperial Palace; and we do hereby prohibit all Persons whatsoever for the future, to burn any Lime in those Places_.

The Third _Ward_.

_The third_ Ward, _at the Entrance of it, is a Level Ground, and stands, in Part, where the_ Circus _is built; but descends, at the End of it, with a very great Declivity down to the Sea, and contains, the same_ Circus Maximus; _the House of_ Pulcheria Augusta; _the new Port; a_ Portico _of a Semi-circular Figure, made after the Likeness of the_ Greek _Letter_ Sigma, _which was formerly wrote thus_, C; _the Tribunal of the_ Forum _of_ Constantine; _seven Streets; ninety four great Houses; five large_ Portico’s; _eleven private_ Bagnio’s; _and nine private Mills. It had one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _twenty one_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The House of_ Pulcheria Augusta.] This Lady was the Sister of _Theodosius_ the _Less_, who continued for some Time unmarried. When her Brother was dead, she married _Martian_, and made him Emperor. _Zonaras_, _Cedrinus_, _Zosimus_, _Nicephorus_, and other Historians have mentioned many Things of her. She had also another House in the eleventh _Ward_.

_The New Port._] This probably is the same Port that was built by _Julian_ the Apostate. There was another Port in the sixth _Ward_ called _Portus Neorius_, because there was a Dock there for building Ships.

_A_ Portico _of a Semi-circular Figure_.] The _Greek_ Letter Σ, as ’tis now wrote, was formerly wrote C. _Zonaras_ and _Cedrinus_ often take Notice of this _Portico_.

The Fourth _Ward_.

_The fourth_ Ward _extends itself in a long Vale, the Hills rising on the Right and Left from the_ Miliarium Aureum _through a Vale, to a plain level Ground. It contains, the_ Miliarium Aureum; _the_ Augusteum; _a_ Basilica; _a_ Nympheum; _the_ Portico _of_ Phanio; _a Marble Galley, the Monument of a naval Victory; the Church of St._ Menna; _a_ Stadium; _The Stairs of_ Timasius; _thirty two Streets; three hundred and seventy five great Houses; four large_ Portico’s; _seven private Baths; five private Mills; and seven_ Gradus. _It is presided by one_ Curator, _assisted by one_ Vernaculus, _forty_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The_ Miliarium Aureum.] _Cedrinus_, speaking of the _Miliarium Aureum_, writes thus: Under the Roof of the _Miliarium Aureum_ were placed the Statues of _Constantine_ the _Great_, and his Mother, with a Cross between them. Behind him stands _Trajan_, and near his Mother is the Statue of _Ælius Hadrianus_ on Horseback. There is a Clock here, which was set up by _Justinian_. There was also a _Miliarium Aureum_ at _Rome_, erected in the _Forum_ by _Augustus_, from whence they used to adjust the Distances of Places, and the Mensuration of Miles, all the Roads of _Italy_ meeting at the Foot of it, as ’tis observed by _Plutarch_, _Dion_, _P. Victor_, and others. Yet _Æmilius Macer_ is of another Opinion. A Mile, says he, is not to be computed from the _Miliarium_, but from the Houses, upon the Skirts of the City, to the Place to which you measure. As then there was a _Miliarium Aureum_ at _Rome_, so there was at _Constantinople_, which imitated _Old Rome_ as near as it could; tho’ at _Rome_ it was built in the Figure of a Pillar, at _Constantinople_ it was another kind of Building, as is evident from what is above-mentioned by _Cedrinus_; and is also attested by _Suidas_, who writes, that under the Roof of the _Miliarium_, stood the Cross, the Figures of _Constantine_ and _Helena_, the Image of _Fortune_, and many other Statues. He calls it not the _Miliarium_, but the _Milium_.

_The_ Augusteum.] This was a large Pillar of Brass, erected by _Justinian_, as _Cedrinus_ relates, who tells us, that in the fifteenth Year of the Reign of _Justinian_, was finished the great brazen Pillar, which is called the _Augusteum_. Upon it was placed the Statue of _Justinian_ on Horseback, holding in his Right Hand an Apple, in Imitation of a Globe, to signify that the whole World was subject to his Government. He sat with his Right Hand stretched out, pointing to the _Persians_ to stand off, and not to approach his Dominions. All the Coverings of the Passage of Entrance into the Imperial Palace, were made of gilded Brass. This is still called the Brazen Passage, as the Pillar is call’d the _Augusteum_. _Procopius_ speaks largely of it in his Oration _de Ædif. Justin._ where he writes, that not the Pillar, but the Place where the Pillar stood, was called the _Augusteum_, as it was also the _Macellum_. The principal Pillar, says he, is to be admired for its Size, yet is it no regular and uniform Structure, but made of Stones of a vast Compass. The Pedestal and Top of it is covered with the most refined Brass, which by cramping its Stones together, does at the same Time both strengthen and adorn it. The Brass, as to its Lustre, is not much inferior to pure Gold, and at least of equal Worth and Beauty with the finest Silver. At the Top of this Pillar was placed a very large Horse cast in Brass, facing the East, wonderful in his Kind, in a walking Posture, with his Head bending downwards, lifting up his near Fore-Foot, as though he would paw the Ground. His Off-Foot is fixed to the Pedestal, on which he stands; and his Hind-Feet are so closely contracted, as if he was rising upon his Speed. Upon him sits the Statue of the Emperor in Brass, whom they call _Achilles_, because he is somewhat like him. He has no Boots, but his Feet are bound round with a kind of Sandals. He is armed with a radiant Breast-plate and Head-piece, and looks, you would fancy, as if he were marching, in a war-like Posture, against the _Persians_. In his left Hand he bears a Globe, by which ’tis signified, that the Earth and the Sea is subject to his Power. He is not equipped either with Sword nor Spear. There’s a Cross fixed upon the Globe, intimating, that under its auspicious Influence, he arrived to the Imperial Dignity; and that all Success in War is to be attributed to the Omnipotency of the Saviour of Mankind. His Right Hand, which is open, is stretched Eastward, and seems to forbid the barbarous Nations to approach his Territories. Below this Place, stands the _Forum_ called _Augustum_. This _Forum_ stands before the Imperial Palace; ’tis surrounded with Pillars, and the Inhabitants call it _Augustum_. Eastward from hence stands the _Curia_, or _Prætorium_, which was built by _Justinian_, where the old _Romans_, in the Beginning of the new Year used, as _Suidas_ observes, to perform a solemn Festival. _Phavorinus_ relates, that the Flesh-Market was the same with the _Augusteum_. It was so called, says _Suidas_, because the _Curatores_, and _Senastophori_ of the _Wards_, used every Year, on the _Ides_ of _October_, to dance in Honour of _Augustus_, or because the Statues of _Constantine_, and _Helena_ his Mother, were erected there.

_A_ Basilica.] This was one of the most magnificent _Basilica’s_ in the World, which _Cedrinus_ takes Notice of, when he tells us, that a Fire began at the Middle of the _Chalcopratia_, which consumed both the _Portico’s_ before mentioned, all the neighbouring Buildings, and the _Basilica_, which contained a Collection of a Hundred and twenty Thousand Books. There was a Curiosity very particular in this Library, which was the Gut of a Dragon, on which were inscribed in Golden Characters, the _Iliads_ and _Odysses_ of _Homer_, with the _History_ of the Atchievements of other _Heroes_. The Roof of this _Basilica_ was supported with many Ranges of Pillars, as we see at present in some Churches, which are many of them built after the same Manner with the _Basilica’s_. One of these _Basilica’s_ is described by _Virgil_, in his seventh _Æneid_.

_A stately Palace in the City’s Height, Sublime upon a hundred Pillars stood, With gloomy Groves, religiously obscure_, Laurentian Picus’ _Palace; where the Kings, The first Inauguration of their Sway, The Sceptres, and the regal_ Fasces _took_.

TRAPP’S Virg.

In these _Basilica’s_ they used to plead, and admit to Audience publick Ambassadors; and, indeed, most of the publick Affairs were transacted here. This I am speaking of was finely gilded, and made of a delicate Marble. _Theodosius_, in his Letters Mandatory to _Cyrus_, _Prefect_ of the City, means this _Basilica_, in the following Words: _We will and command, that the_ Basilica _gilt with Gold, and shining with Marble, be no Ways shaded or darkened with Statues, or Pictures placed before it_. I believe _Zonaras_ understands the same Building in his _Leo Magnus_, where he says, that the Building called the _Domus Maxima_, in which the Senate, and some of the principal Citizens met to deliberate upon publick Affairs, was burnt down; nay, that the Emperor himself came thither in solemn Pomp, when he entered upon his Consular Dignity. It was a Work of surprising Beauty and Splendor. _Justinian_ tells us in his 81st _Novel_, that the inferior Judges used to sit there in small Apartments. _Suidas_ writes, that this _Basilica_ stood behind the _Miliarium_, and that there was placed in it, amidst several others, a golden Statue. Among other Curiosities here, there is an Elephant, cast at the Expence of _Severus_, on the Account of a certain Banker, who killed his Keeper, and gave his Body to be devoured by a wild Beast; which the Elephant seeing, in a Rage slew the Banker. _Severus_, to preserve the Memory of the Fact, ordered the Elephant and his Keeper to be cast in Brass, and both the Figures, in the Consulship of _Julian_, were carried to _Constantinople_, and placed in the _Basilica_.

_A_ Nympheum.] This, as _Zonaras_ and _Cedrinus_ tell us, was a spacious Building, in which they used to celebrate Marriage, when they had not Houses large enough for that Purpose. _Suidas_ mentions, that in the _Forum_ of this _Ward_, there was a Spring continually running, which filled the _Bagnio_ of the _Nympheum_. _Theodosius_, in another Letter to _Cyrus_ above-mentioned, writes thus. _I command you, by Virtue of your prefectorial Authority, to appoint, as you shall judge convenient, what Share of Water be allotted to our Imperial_ Bagnio’s, _and what Quantity may be sufficient for the_ Bagnio’s _of the_ Nympheum.

_The_ Portico _of_ Phanio.] _Suidas_ tells us, that _Phanio_ is a Place where they carried the Filth of the City. This, probably, is the same _Portico_, which the Emperor _Zeno_ tells us, reached from the _Miliarium_, as far as the _Capitol_, and is supported with four Ranges of Pillars, between which he allows, in his _Cod. de Priv. Ædif._ a Privilege to build little Shops.

_A Marble Galley._] This was set up in Memory of a Victory, which _Zosimus_, in his fifth Book tells us, _Trajutus_, Admiral of _Arcadius_’s Fleet, obtain’d over _Gaina_, near _Chersonesus_.

_The Church of St._ Menna.] This Person was an _Egyptian Soldier_, who suffer’d Martyrdom under _Dioclesian_, in _Phrygia_: This Church was built by _Constantine_, who, as _Eusebius_ reports in _his Life, Book_ III. _Chap._ 4. built also other Churches in honour of the _Martyrs_.

_A_ Stadium.] This was a square _Area_, design’d, as _Suidas_ observes, for Martial Exercises. The _Grecians_ generally made them two hundred Foot long, and sometimes more. This _Area_ was surrounded with a _Portico_, and Pillars. The _Grecians_ used them sometimes in Merriment, and Dancing, and sometimes in more manly Diversions, as Wrestling, fighting at Gauntlets, _&c._ The _Portico_, on the South Side of it, was double Wall’d, to secure it from the Violence of the Northern Storms. In the _Stadium_, stood an _Ephebeum_, with Seats all round it, where they held publick Disputations in Philosophy, and where Youth was train’d up in Literature, and Science. In ancient Times, when Books were scarce, they used to improve themselves by Dispute, and Argumentation. On each Side of the _Ephebeum_, there were _Bagnio’s_, in which the Combatants anointed themselves, before they enter’d the Lifts. The _Stadium_ fac’d the Sea, as _Procopius_ observes in his Book _de Ædif Justin._ In a Place, says he, near the Sea, at present call’d the _Stadium_, (a Place formerly appropriated to Games, and Martial Exercises) _Justinian_, and his Consort _Theodora_, built some large Hospitals.

_The Stairs of_ Timasius.] These were three Steps, at the Foot of a Hill, leading down to the Sea, which were built by _Timasius_. ’Tis very probable, that they were made of Marble, and were something remarkable, because my Author takes Notice of them. There was Custom paid at these Stairs, for the Repairs of the City _Aqueduct_; as appears from the _Cod. Theod. Aquæduc._ _We will_, says he, _that all the Customs, which are, or may be collected at the Stairs of this our City of_ Constantinople, _be expended in the Repairs of the common Aque-duct_. I am of Opinion, that this Custom was payable by such Ships as unladed their Freight there. _Justinian_ in his 159ᵗʰ _Novel_ takes notice of a Clause in the Codicil of the Will of _Hierius_, where he bequeaths to his Kinsman _Hierius_ the Suburbs _Coparium_, with all the Stairs thereunto belonging. _Cedrinus_ writes, That in the Reign of _Copronymus_ the Emperor, the Sea was froze by the Severity of the Weather, and that upon a sudden Thaw, a large Cake of Ice bore against, and demolish’d the Stairs of the Imperial Palace at _Constantinople_. _Timasius_, who built these Stairs, was General of the Infantry to _Theodosius_ the _Great_, and was train’d up in the Art of War from the Time of _Valens_ the Emperor. At last being falsely, and injuriously accused by _Eutropius_, the Chamberlain of _Arcadius_, he was banish’d into _Oasis_. _Zosimus_, speaking of him in his _fifth Book_, says, that he was the Father of _Syagrius_, who was entitled _Pater Patriæ_.

The Fifth _Ward_.

_The fifth_ Ward, _a great Part of it is full of Windings, and Turnings, and is lengthen’d by an adjoining Plain. There are many useful Buildings in this_ Ward, _which contains the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Honorius; _the Cistern of_ Theodosius; _the_ Prytaneum; _the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Eudocia; _the_ Strategium, _in which stands the_ Forum _of_ Theodosius, _and the_ Thebean Obelisk; _the Store-houses for Oil; a_ Nympheum; _the Granaries of_ Troas; _the Granaries of_ Valens, _and_ Constantius: _It contains also the_ Prosphorian _Port; the_ Stairs _of_ Chalcedon; _twenty three Streets; a hundred and eighty four great Houses; seven large_ Portico’s; _eleven private Baths; seven publick, and two private Mills; nine_ Gradus, _and two Flesh-Markets: It had one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _forty_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vice-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The Cistern of_ Theodosius.] This Cistern was a subterraneous Cavern, arched at top, which was supply’d, not with Spring, but with Rain Water only. _Petrus Gyllius_ in his _Antiquities_ of _Constantinople_, tells us, that when he resided at that City, he discover’d a subterraneous Cistern there; which he shewed to the Proprietors of the Land where it was, who, before, were intirely ignorant of it. It was, says he, 336 Foot in length, 182 Foot broad, and 224 in compass. The Roof of it was supported with Marble Pillars, placed at twelve Foot distance from each other. Every Pillar was near nine Foot high. They stand, lengthways, in twelve Ranges; broad-ways, in twenty eight. In Winter-time, when the _Aque-duct_ pours itself with more Violence into it, it fills up to the Middle of the Capitals of the Columns. It has sometimes Fish in it, which the Master, who overlooks it, skiffing about in a small Boat, kills with a Spear.

_A_ Prytaneum.] There was at _Athens_ a Tower call’d the _Prytaneum_, where their Senators, and wise Men met upon publick Affairs, and where Persons, who deserv’d well of the Commonwealth, were maintain’d at the Publick Charge, as ’tis observ’d by _Cicero_, _Lib. primo de Orat._ In Conformity to _Athens_, there was also at _Constantinople_ a spacious Building, near the Imperial Cistern, where a Person, eminent in Wisdom and Learning, instructed twelve young Men in such Arts and Sciences, as might qualify them to be serviceable to the Publick. _Cedrinus_ in his History of _Leo Isaurus_, writes, that, near the Royal Cistern, there was a venerable Pyle of Building, over which there presided a Master, who had under him, according to ancient Custom, twelve Scholars, of sober Life, and a good Share of Learning. These, when they had run through the whole Compass of human Literature, apply’d themselves very diligently to the Study of Divinity, and were had in so high Estimation, that the Emperors themselves look’d upon it as an Injury to their Character, to transact any thing of Importance, without their Advice. This Institution was afterwards suppress’d by _Leo_. _Zonaras_ is more express, and large upon this Occasion; there was, says he, a House in the _Basilica_, near the _Forum Ærarium_, large enough for a Palace, in which were reported many ancient _Manuscripts_ of Human, and Divine Learning, and where a sufficient Maintenance was allow’d for a Person of distinguish’d Knowledge whom they call’d the _Oecumenical Doctor_. He had under him twelve _Fellows_, who lived at the publick Cost, and instructed such as desired to be their Pupils. The Emperors also, concludes he, consulted them in the most arduous Affairs of State. But _Leo_ the Emperor, when he could not prevail with them to declare themselves the same profess’d Enemies to Images, in Church-worship, with himself, destroy’d them, and their Library, in the Night by Fire. As therefore it was customary in other Nations to maintain at the common Charge Persons who might prove useful to the Publick, so was it here; and therefore, I conceive, that as the _Prytaneum_ at _Constantinople_ took its Name from that of _Athens_, so was it originally instituted for Purposes, much of the same Nature.

_The_ Bagnio’s _of_ Eudocia.] These _Bagnio’s_ were so call’d, because they were built by _Eudocia_ the Wife of _Theodosius_ the _Less_. Before she was converted to the Christian Faith, she was called _Athenais_. _Zonaras_, _Nicephorus_, and others have wrote much concerning her. She had some Houses in the tenth _Ward_; where I shall speak more of her.

_The_ Strategium.] This, I look upon, to be the Place, where the General’s Troops liv’d, and pitch’d their Tents. Here was the _Forum_ of _Theodosius_, and the _Thebean Obelisk_ which was brought from _Thebes_ in _Ægypt_ to _Constantinople_, and there squat’d.

_The Granaries of_ Troas.] These Granaries contain’d the Corn, and other Commodities which were brought from _Troas_; as those Granaries were call’d the Granaries of _Alexandria_, in which the Corn was laid up, that was brought from _Alexandria_. _Troas_ is a Countrey of _Phrygia_, situate near the _Hellespont_, not far from _Constantinople_.

_The Granary of_ Valens.] This was built by _Valens_. It is probably the same Granary, in which was placed the Statue of _Manaim_, who march’d his Army against the _Scythians_. There was kept here a brazen Bushel, which was the common Standard, by which Corn was bought, and sold. _Valens_ commanded that twelve Bushels of Wheat should be sold at the Price of an _Aureus_, (in _English_ Coin 17_s._ 1_d._ _ob. qua._) and commanded a Sailor’s Hand to be cut off, who had eluded the Force of that Law by Tricks, and Evasions, and in Memory of the Fact, order’d a Brazen Hand to be hung up in the Granary.

They had also at _Constantinople_ Store-houses where they reposited their Gold, and Silver, and Jewels. For _Paulus_ a Lawyer informs us, that ’twas customary to lay up in Store-houses the most valuable Part of their Estates. _Lampridius_ also mentions some Store-houses built by _Alexander_, where private Persons, who had no Conveniency in their own Houses, used to lay up their Gold, their Silver, their Jewels, and their Corn, and that the Masters of the Store-houses were obliged to keep them safe at their Peril.

_The_ Prosphorian _Port_.] Here they used to unlade all kinds of Provisions; for the Word προσφορὸν in the _Greek_ signifies any thing that is brought to Market.

_The Stairs of_ Chalcedon.] These were a convenient Descent by Steps, where they went on Board, when they sail’d for _Chalcedon_, which lay over against _Constantinople_.

_Two Flesh-Markets._] All kind of Provisions were sold here.

The Sixth _Ward_.

_The sixth_ Ward, _upon the Entrance of it, is a short Piece of level Ground, all the rest is upon the Descent; for it extends itself from the_ Forum _of_ Constantine _to the Stairs, where you ferry over to_ Sycæna. _It contains the_ Porphyry _Pillar of_ Constantine; _the Senate-house in the same Place; the_ Neorian _Port; the Stairs of_ Sycæna; _twenty two Streets; four hundred and eighty four great Houses; one large_ Portico; _nine private Baths; one publick, and seventeen private Mills; it has also one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus; _forty nine_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The_ Porphyry _Pillar of_ Constantine.] This Pillar stood in the _Forum_ of _Constantine_, which was pav’d with square Stones. _Zonaras_, speaking of _Nicephorus Phocas_ the Emperor, has this Passage: The People curse _Nicephorus_ even to the pav’d _Forum_, in which is erected the round _Porphyry_ Pillar. _Cedrinus_ in his History tells us, that _Constantine_ in the twenty fourth Year of his Reign, built a _Forum_ with two _Rostrums_, or Pleading Desks made in the form of Pulpits, and that he plac’d in the _Forum_, a Pillar which he brought from _Rome_. It was one solid Piece of _Porphyry_ Marble, and was bound with three _Fasciæ_, or Wreaths of Brass round it, with Inscriptions upon them. On the Top of it he erected his own Statue, with this Inscription, _CONSTANTINUS_. It blazed like the Sun, was made by the famous _Phidias_, and was brought from _Athens_. Upon the Pedestal of the Pillar were carved in _Basso Relievo_, the seven and twelve Baskets of Fragments, which were taken up in the Miracles of the _Loaves_ and _Fishes_, and beneath were inscribed the following Verses.

_To thee, O Saviour, Lord of th’ Universe, Who rulest the unmeasurable Globe With deepest Knowledge, I this People offer; May they be thine; I conquer’d them for thee. I lay m’ Imperial Sceptre at thy Feet, With all the mighty Force and Pow’r of_ Rome. _Let thy good Providence with watchful Eye Look down, and guard the City from all Ills._

_Zonaras_ mentions the same Thing, tho’ in different Words. He placed, says he, meaning _Constantine_, the round _Porphyry_ Pillar which he brought from _Rome_, in the _Forum_, paved with square Stones. For this Reason it was called by the _Greeks_ Πλακότον. At the Top of the Pillar he placed his own Statue in Brass, which for its Largeness, and the Exquisiteness of its Work, was scarce to be matched in the whole World, as being finished to the Life, by an antient and eminent Statuary. It was thought that it was originally designed for _Apollo_, and brought from _Troy_; but _Constantine_ gave it his own Name, making some Alteration by fattening some of those Nails in the Head of it, with which the _Jews_ crucified the _Lord of Life_. This Statue continued standing upon the Pillar till very lately, when in the Reign of _Alexius Comnenus_, it was thrown down by an Earthquake, and crushed some People to Death. _Nicephorus_ in the Fourth Book, _Chap._ 8. of his _Eccles. Hist._ gives a better Description of it. He built, says he, a large _Porphyry_ Pillar, upon which he placed his own Statue, holding in his right Hand a Globe, with a Cross fixed upon it. By this Symbol he intimated, that by Virtue of that invincible Trophy the Cross, the whole Earth and Sea was subject to his Power. _Gyllius_ writes, that this Pillar was made of eight Stones, and that at the Joints of it, it was covered round with Wreathed Laurels made of Brass, so that you could not perceive where it was cemented; but that upon the Removal of the Brass-work, you might easily discern that it was a jointed Structure, and that the Number of the Stones might be plainly seen. This Pillar is eighty six Foot high, besides the _Basis_, the Steps, and the Pedestal.

_The Senate-House, in the same Place._] This Building stood on the North Side of the _Forum_ of _Constantine_. The Senators and principal Men of the City used to assemble here upon publick Affairs, and the Emperor took upon him in this Place the Consular Habit. It was curiously beautified with Brass, and _Porphyry_ Marble. _Zonaras_, and _Cedrinus_ tell us, that in the Reign of _Leo_ the _Great_, it was destroyed by Fire.

_The_ Neorian _Port_.] This was the Haven, or Dock, where they built their shipping, from whence the Gate, which hands near it, is called by some Writers, the Gate of the _Neorium_; but by _Zonaras_, and _Cedrinus_, as will appear in my Notes upon the twelfth _Ward_, it was called _Porta Aurea_, the gilded or beautiful Gate. Some have given it the Name of the Imperial Gate, because it joins to the Palace.

_The Stairs_ of Sycæna.] These are the Stairs upon the Shore, from whence you go off to a neighbouring Island called _Sycæna_ but which at present is called _Pera_. In the Creek here, there are many Thousand small Boats, more in Number than at _Venice_. They are generally called Ferry-boats, because they _carry_ their Fare to and fro’ across the River.

_One large_ Portico.] This _Portico_ reached as far as the _Forum_ of _Constantine_, and was burnt down in a tumultuous Manner, in the Reign of _Justinian_.

The Seventh _Ward_.

_The seventh_ Ward, _if compared with the former, lies more upon the Level, although at the Extremity on one Side of it, it falls with a greater Declivity into the Sea. It stretches its self with very long_ Portico’s, _from the right Hand of the Pillar of_ Constantine, _to the_ Forum _of_ Theodosius; _as it does also on another Side of it as far as the Sea, by_ Portico’s _extended in the same Manner. It contains in it three Churches, that of St._ Irene; _St._ Anastasia, _and St._ Paul; _the Pillar of_ Theodosius, _which you ascend on the Inside by Winding Stairs; two large Equestrian Statues; Part of the_ Forum _of_ Theodosius; _the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Corosia; _eighty five Streets; seven hundred and eleven great Houses; six large_ Portico’s; _eleven private Baths; twelve private Mills; and sixteen_ Gradus. _It is governed by one_ Curator, _has one_ Vernaculus, _eighty_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The Church of St._ Irene.] This Church stood in a Street of this _Ward_, which was called _Taurus_. It was called the Church of St. _Irene_, _i. e._ of Peace; and which, as _Socrates_ and _Cedrinus_ inform us, was built by _Constantine_ the _Great_, and burnt down in the Reign of _Justinian_.

_The Church of St._ Anastasia.] The Reliques of St. _Anastasia_, in the first Year of _Leo_ the _Great_, were brought from _Syrmium_ to _Constantinople_, and reposited in this Church which was built by the Catholicks, because St. _Gregory Nazianzen_ had there revived the Doctrine of the _Holy Trinity_, or as _Sozomen_ reports, because a Woman big with Child falling from a Gallery over the Church-porch died upon the Spot, and revived by the Prevalency of the Prayers of the Congregation.

But it seems to me more agreeable to Truth, that there were at _Constantinople_ two Churches which went under this Name: One was the Church of the _Novatians_, which was pull’d down by the _Arians_, and which was afterwards rebuilt by them, as _Sozomen_ observes, _Lib._ IV. _Cap._ 19, and was therefore call’d the Church of St. _Anastasia_. The other was so call’d, from the Revival of the Doctrine of the Trinity, just mentioned. The Church here meant was anciently the House of _Nicobulus_, where St. _Gregory Nazianzen_ was hospitably entertained by him, as appears in his Oration to the Hundred and fifty Bishops. This House was afterwards made a Church, and became a most magnificent _Basilica_. But _Sozomen_ tells us, _Lib._ V. _Cap._ 5. That the Church was so called for the Reason above-mentioned. _Martian_, one of the Principal, and most wealthy Citizens, built there a large and beautiful Church. The Reliques of _Anastasia_, were reposited there, because the Church bore her Name.

_The Pillar of_ Theodosius, _which is ascended on the Inside by Winding Stairs_.] _Zonaras_, in his Life of _Justinian_, writes concerning this Pillar as follows: In the seventeenth Year of his Reign, says he, the great Pillar placed before the Porch of the great Church was finished, upon which he placed his own Statue on Horseback. In the same Place had stood formerly the Pillar of _Theodosius_, supporting a silver Statue, made at the Cost of his Son _Arcadius_. This Statue was seven Thousand four hundred Pound in Weight. _Justinian_ took down the Statue, and demolished the Pillar, and laid them both up; so that the Statue, with the Stones of the Pillar, is to be seen at this Day. As the Treatise, I am, upon was wrote when this Pillar was standing, it must of Consequence be wrote before the Time of _Justinian_. _Cedrinus_, in his Life of _Zeno_, speaks of this Pillar in another Manner, or else he is speaking of another Pillar. In the Street called _Taurus_, says he, _Theodosius_ the _Great_ erected a Pillar, on which was carved the History of his Battles with the _Scythians_, and the Trophies of his Success. This Pillar, continues he, has Winding-Stairs within it. At the Top of it, in a Place where two Ways meet, sat _Theodosius_ on Horseback, with his right Hand stretched towards the City, and pointing downwards to the Trophies carved upon it. This Pillar, with the Statue, was thrown down by an Earthquake in the fourth Year of the Reign of _Zeno_ the Emperor. The same Historian, speaking of _Anastasius_, says, that he ordered to be melted down many of the Statues, and other Curiosities set up by _Constantine_ the _Great_, out of which his own Statue was made, which he placed upon the Pillar in the _Taurus_. For before the Statue of _Theodosius_ the _Great_ was placed there, the Pillar of _Anastasius_ was thrown down, and dashed to Pieces by an Earthquake.

_Two large Equestrian Statues._] One of these was the Statue of _Theodosius_ the _Great_. The other is unknown.

_The_ Bagnio’s _of_ Corosia.] These Bagnio’s took their Name from _Corosia_, the Daughter of _Valens_ the Emperor, as _Sozomen_ observes in the Ninth Chapter of his Sixth Book. _Martian_, says he, a Man of consummate Learning, and great Austerity of Life, who had formerly been one of the Emperor’s Life-Guard, but at that Time a Priest, was a _Novatian_, and Tutor to _Anastasius_ and _Corosia_, the Son and Daughter of _Valens_, in the Rudiments of Grammar. He adds, that there were some _Bagnio’s_ at _Constantinople_ that were named from them.

The Eighth _Ward_.

_The eighth_ Ward, _on the Side of the_ Taurus, _is not bounded by the Sea, and may be looked upon to be rather a narrow, than a broad Piece of Ground; yet is this Defect sufficiently amended by its great Length. It contains part of the_ Forum _of_ Constantine, _a_ Portico _on the left Side of it, reaching as far as the_ Taurus; _the_ Basilica _of_ Theodosius; _the_ Capitol; _twenty two Streets; a hundred and eight spacious Houses; five large_ Portico’s; _fifteen private Baths; five private Mills; five_ Gradus, _and two Flesh Markets. It has one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _seventeen_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

This _Ward_ is wholly encompassed by the Land, and contains part of the _Taurus_, which was a Street of _Constantinople_. _Zonaras_ in his Life of _Nicephorus Botoniates_, takes Notice of it, and tells us, that it contained Part of the _Forum_ of _Constantine_, a _Portico_ on the left Side of it, reaching as far as the _Taurus_, the _Basilica_ of _Theodosius_, and the _Capitol_: In such magnificent Buildings, more especially, did _Constantinople_ much resemble _Old Rome_.

The Ninth _Ward_.

_The ninth_ Ward _is all a Declivity, and bounded by the Sea. It contains the two Churches of_ Cænopolis, _and_ Omonæa; _the Granaries of_ Alexandria; _the House of the most illustrious_ Arcadia; _the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Anastasia; _the Granaries of_ Theodosius; _sixteen Streets; a hundred and sixteen great Houses; two large_ Portico’s; _fifteen private Baths; fifteen private, and four publick Mills. ’Tis governed by one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _thirty eight_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The two Churches of_ Cænopolis, _and_ Omonæa.] I am of Opinion, that the first of these Churches took its Name from some Place in the City. Perhaps it was call’d so from a Spring without the _Porta Aurea_, which had made the Ground foul, and oozy. _Leo_, before he came to the Government, as the Story goes, anointed the Eyes of a blind Man with the Dirt of that Place, and he recover’d his Sight. When he arriv’d afterwards to the Imperial Dignity, he dedicated a Church to the _Virgin Mary_, who foretold his Accession to the Government. _Nicephorus_, in _Lib._ XV. _Cap._ 25. _Hist. Ecclesiast._ (and _Procopius_ confirms it) says, that in the Suburbs, which was called _Fons_, or the Spring, _Justinian_ repair’d the Church of the _Blessed Virgin_. The other Church is call’d Ὁμόνοια, or the Church of Concord; because, probably in the Times of Heathenism, the Temple of _Concord_ stood there; as there were no less than three such Temples at _Rome_. One of which was dedicated to her by _M. Furius Camillus_, upon a Suppression of a Military Tumult; the second by _M. Manlius Prætor_, upon quelling such another Tumult in _Gaul_; and the third in the _Forum Romanum_, near the _Græcostasis_, by _L. Opimius_ the _Consul_, upon the Defeat of _Gracchus_ and his Party, in Opposition to the strongest Resentments of the People; so that the Inscription over this Temple was _Opus Vecordiæ_, and not _Concordiæ_. There was also another Temple dedicated to _Concord_, which was either built, or repair’d by _Livia Augusta_, as is observed by St. _Austin._ _Lib._ III. _Cap._ 2. _de Civit. Dei._ One of these Temples was repaired by _Constantine_ for Christian Worship, as is evident from an antient Inscription in the _Lateran_.

_The Granaries_ of Alexandria.] There were yearly carried from _Alexandria_ to _Constantinople_, eight Millions of _Medimni_ of Wheat, (each _Medimnus_ of _Attick_ Measure consisted of six Bushels) for which the Masters of the Ships by an Edict of _Justinian_, received the Sum of ninety Thousand _Aurei_. There was antiently rais’d by Order of the Senate, and the principal Inhabitants, the Sum of six hundred and eleven Pounds in Gold, which was lodged in the Hands of the _Prefect_ of the City, for purchasing Provision; to which the Emperor added another Import, for purchasing Corn from _Alexandria_, _Lib._ III. _Cod. Theod. de Frumen. Urb. Constan._ This Corn, when brought to _Constantinople_, was laid up in Granaries, which were therefore called the Granaries of _Alexandria_.

_The House of the most illustrious_ Arcadia.] This Lady, as _Cedrinus_ relates, was the Daughter of _Arcadius_. She had another House in the tenth _Ward_. _Arcadius_ had by the Empress _Eudocia_, three Daughters, _Pulcheria_, _Marina_, and _Arcadia_, who all lived in a State of Celibacy.

_The_ Bagnio’s _of_ Anastasia.] These _Bagnio’s_ were so call’d from _Anastasia_, the Daughter of _Valens_, as others were from her Sister _Carosia_ abovementioned. _Marcellinus_, in his _Seventeenth Book_ observes, that these _Bagnio’s_ took their Name from _Anastasia_. _Paulas Diaconus_ tells us in his _Thirteenth Book_, that there’s a very large House in _Constantinople_ called _Carya_, which signifies a Nut: For, says he, there stands in the Porch of this House a Nut-tree, on which, as the Report goes, St. _Achatius_ suffered Martyrdom. Upon this Account, there is also an Oratory built in the same Place. _Procopius_ also mentions a Man, who went to the _Bagnio’s_ of _Anastasia_, which took their Name, says he, from the Sister of _Constantine_.

The Tenth _Ward_.

_The tenth_ Ward, _on the other Side of the City, is divided from the ninth by a broad Way, yet is it much more upon the Level; nor is it, in any Part of it uneven, but near the Sea Shore. ’Tis of a proportionable Length and Breadth, and contains in it; the Church of St._ Achatius; _the_ Bagnio’s _of Constantine; the House of_ Augusta Placidia; _the House of_ Augusta Eudocia; _the House of the most illustrious_ Arcadia; _a large_ Nympheum; _twenty Streets; six hundred and thirty six great Houses; six large_ Portico’s; _twenty two private Baths; two publick, and sixteen private Mills; and twelve_ Gradus. _It has one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _ninety_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The Church of St._ Achatius.] This good Man suffered Death at _Constantinople_, as I just observed, upon a Nut-tree, which _Nicephorus_ says, remained in the Middle of the Church, sacred to his Memory in the Reign of _Arcadius_, though he was martyr’d in the Time of _Dioclesian_ an hundred Years before. For, speaking of _Procopius_ the Tyrant, The Church, says he, which was demolished with Age, was rebuilt, and beautified by _Justinian_. And _Procopius_ the Historian tells us in _Lib. de Ædif Just._ That _Justinian_ rebuilt it from the Ground, and that it cast such a Lustre, that it struck the Spectators with Admiration, its Marble being very glossy, and white as Snow. He adds farther, that this Church was called the _Martyrdom_ of St. _Achatius_, because he was buried there, which happened on the sixth of _May_.

_The_ Bagnio’s _of_ Constantine.] _Gyllius_ says they were the _Bagnio’s_ of _Constantius_, and which, indeed, are often mentioned by _Sozomen_, _Socrates_, and _Suidas_; but ’tis more probable that these _Bagnio’s_ were built by _Constantine_, who was indefatigable in beautifying the City with many Decorations.

_The House of_ Placidia Augusta.] This Lady was the Daughter of _Theodosius_ the _Less_, who afterwards resided in _Italy_, with her Brother _Honorius_.

_The House of_ Augusta Eudocia.] She was the most learned Woman of her Age, and wrote the Life of _Christ_ in _Greek Hexameters_, after the Manner of _Homer_. At last being suspected by her Husband of Adultery, and divorc’d, she went to _Jerusalem_, but upon the Death of _Theodosius_, as _Zonaras_ and _Nicephorus_ write, returned again to _Constantinople_.

The Eleventh _Ward_.

_The eleventh_ Ward, _much wider in Compass than the former, is, in no part of it, bounded by the Sea. The whole of it, level and rising Ground, contains, the Church of the_ Apostles; _the Palace of_ Flacilla; _the House of_ Augusta Pulcheria; _the Brazen Bull; the Cistern of_ Arcadius; _the Cistern of_ Modestus; _five hundred and three great Houses; four large_ Portico’s; _fourteen private Baths; one publick, and three private Mills; and seven_ Gradus. _It has one_ Curator; _one_ Vernaculus; _thirty seven_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The Church of the_ Apostles.] _Cedrinus_ and _Eusebius_ write, that this Church was rebuilt by _Constantine_. _Eusebius_, _Lib._ IV. _Cap._ 58. _de Vita Const._ says, that to perpetuate the Memory of the _Apostles_, he began to build a Church, in the City called after his own Name. When he had built the Church to a very great Height, he beautify’d it with Stones of all Kinds, and inlay’d it with Variety of the most delicate Marble, from the Pavement to the Top of the Church; and having closed the Roof with Arches of the best Workmanship, he gilded it over. The Top of the Church, on the Outside of it, was cover’d with Brass, to secure it from the Violence of the Weather, part of which was also gilded; so that the amazing Splendour of it, reflected the Rays of the Sun to a very great Distance. The inward part of the Church he cover’d with Net-work, which was artificially made of Brass and Gold. Thus beautifully was the Church adorn’d by the great Care and Application of the Emperor. Before it stood a spacious Court, with an open Gallery round it. The Church and the Gallery were wholly surrounded with _Portico’s_. The Palace, the _Bagnio’s_, the Walks, and many Houses built for the Accommodation of those who look’d after them, had all of them the Conveniency of some _Portico_. In this Church was laid the Body of _Constantine_, in a golden Chest, the twelve _Apostles_ standing round his Tomb. This is attested by _Socrates_. This Church was afterwards rebeautified by _Justinian_. For _Procopius_, _Lib. de Ædif. Just._ speaks of it thus: There was, says he, an ancient Church at _Constantinople_, just sinking with Age. This Church, for the Reverence he bore to it, was repair’d by _Justinian_, where the Masons and Workmen found three wooden Chests or Coffins, which proved by their Inscriptions, that the Bodies of St. _Luke_, St. _Andrew_ and _Timothy_, were interr’d there, and which were viewed by _Justinian_, and the _Christians_ of those Times, with the greatest Admiration.

_The Palace of_ Flacilla.] If we read it _Falcilla_, it is meant of another Daughter of _Arcadius_; if _Placilla_, she was the Wife of _Theodosius the Great_, whom _Paulus Diaconus_ calls _Flacilla_.

_The Brazen Bull._] This Bull, _Cedrinus_ writes, was brought from _Troy_. There was, says he, a Stove in which St. _Antipas_ the Martyr was burnt to Death. Some are of Opinion, that this Stove was the _Brazen Bull_ here mention’d, which was invented by _Perillus_, who was forced to undergo the same Torment by _Phalaris_, a cruel Tyrant of _Agrigentum_. _Zonaras_ relates, that _Phocas_ the Tyrant was burnt in a Bull, _i. e._ in a brazen Stove made in the Shape of a Bull, brought from _Pergamus_, which Place gave its Name to a Place near _Constantinople_.

_The Cistern of_ Modestus.] _Modestus_ was first chief Governour of the East, and was afterwards, _Præfectus Prætorio_, or General of the Life-Guard to _Valens_. As he was an _Arian_, he persecuted the Catholicks. Afterwards he was recovered from a dangerous Illness by the Prayers of St. _Basil_, as ’tis recorded by _Gregory Nazianzen_ in his Funeral Oration upon him. I take this to be the same Person who built the Cistern here mention’d.

The Twelfth _Ward_.

_The twelfth_ Ward, _from the Entrance of the City at the_ Porta Aurea, _is a long way upon the Level. ’Tis extended on the left Side of it by a gentle Descent, and is bounded by the Sea. This_ Ward _is better guarded, and more handsomly beautified than any other, the Walls rising higher here than in any other part of the City. It contains the_ Porta Aurea; _the_ Portico’s _of_ Troas; _the_ Forum _of_ Theodosius; _A Column with winding Stairs in its Inside; the Mint, or Treasury; the Port of_ Theodosius; _eleven Streets; three hundred and sixty three great Houses; three large_ Portico’s; _five private Baths; five private Mills, and nine_ Gradus. _It has one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _thirty four_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The_ Porta Aurea.] The _Greeks_ call it ὡραία both on the account of its own Beautifulness, and that of the neighbouring Buildings; so that it is a palpable Mistake in those who call it _Porta Neoria_ from the Dock, which is near to it. I take this to be the same Gate which _Zonaras_ mentions in his Life of _Leo_ the Philosopher. He calls it the Western Gate of the Golden _Triclinium_, from whence it is call’d the _Porta Aurea_, as is observ’d by _Nicetas_ in his Life of _Alexius Ducas, Marzulfus_, and in the _History_ of their Atchievements, after they had taken the City; as also by _Nicephorus Gregoras_, in his _Treatise_ entituled, _The Entry of_ Michael Palæologus _into the City_. In this Gate it is reported, the Elephants were stabled, which were much like those with which _Theodosius_ made his publick Entry into _Constantinople_, as ’tis mention’d by _Cedrinus_. Some Historians tell us, that they were transported to _Constantinople_ from the Temple of _Mars Atheniensis_. This Gate stood Easterly, facing the Sea, and as _Nicephorus_ observes, overlook’d the Imperial Citadel through the City to a great Distance, and that from thence you might look very far backwards into the Inland Countries. This Gate, in a direct Line, was distant from the Sea-shore fourteen thousand and seventy five Feet, so that the City was about three Miles in Length.

_The_ Portico’s _of_ Troas.] I believe these _Portico’s_ took their Name either from the People of _Troas_, who, while they continued there, built them; or from some Part of the City so call’d, or because some Goods and Merchandize were imported thither from _Troas_, as I observed before of the Granaries of _Troas_.

_A Column with winding Stairs on its Inside._] Upon this Pillar was erected the Statue of _Theodosius_, which, as _Zonaras_ writes, was near the _Porta Aurea_, and fell down in the Reign of _Leo Isaurus_. _Gyllius_ is of Opinion, that this was the Statue of _Arcadius_, that the Shaft of it, with the Pedestal and Capital, consisted of twenty one Stones; and adds, that the Battels of _Theodosius_ were carv’d upon it.

The Thirteenth _Ward_.

_The thirteenth_ Ward _is call’d the_ Sycæne Ward, _which is divided from the City by a narrow Bay of the Sea, and maintains an Intercourse with it by Boats, and small Vessels. It stands wholly upon the Side of it, except a broad Tract of Land, which lies Level, at the Foot of it, near the Sea-shore. It contains one Church, the_ Bagnio’s _and_ Forum _of_ Honorius; _A Theatre; A Dock for Ship-building; four hundred and thirty one great Houses; one large_ Portico; _five private_ Bagnio’s; _one publick, and four private Mills; with eight_ Gradus. _It has one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _thirty four_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The_ Sycene Ward.] This _Ward_ is a _Peninsula_ divided from _Constantinople_ by a small Bay of the City. ’Tis at present call’d _Galata_, or _Pera_. _Stephanus_ (_de Urbibus_) tells us, that _Sycæ_ is a small City over against New _Rome_, which in his Time was called _Justiniana_. But _Justinian_ himself, _Novel._ 59. _Cap._ 5. places it so far within the new Walls of the City, that, as he says, it ought to be looked upon as a Part of it. It was named by the _Greeks_ _Sycæna_, from the great Produce it bears of the best _Figs_, as is observed by _Cedrinus_ and _Dionysius_ a _Byzantian_. ’Tis not inhabited at present by the _Franks_, for so the _Greeks_ call the _Latines_. _Gyllius_ is of Opinion that it was called _Galata_, because _Brennus_, Captain General of the _Gauls_, whom the _Greeks_ call Γαλάται marched thither with his Army. It was also called _Pera_, that is, the _Ferry_, or _Peræa_, and stood on the other Side of the Water; as _Josephus_ relates, that _Judæa_ was on the other Side of _Jordan_; and as _Strabo_ mentions a Place, which he says was on the other Side of _Euphrates_. _Anastasius_ in his _Constitutions_ calls it _Sycæ_, or the _Ferry_ of _Sycæ_, where he commands the Dead to be bury’d without Fee, or Reward. ’Tis divided by a Hill that runs from North to South, and is bounded on each Side by two Vales, of a Mile in Length. Its Walls are four Thousand four Hundred Paces in Compass. Near to it, _Justinian_ in his 159ᵗʰ _Nov._ seems to fix the Suburbs called _Coparium_: And _Socrates_ in his 30ᵗʰ _Chap._ of his _Eccles. Hist._ tells us, that there’s a Place just against the City, which is called _Sycæ_. The Church of the _Novatians_ was translated hither in the Reign of _Constantine_.

_It maintained an Intercourse with_ Constantinople, _by Boats and small Vessels_.] There were in the Bay here many Thousands of small Boats, far exceeding the Number of those which are at _Venice_ to carry Passengers from one Shore to the other, so that this _Peninsula_ might reasonably be looked upon as a Part of the City. ’Tis almost surrounded with Mountains, at the Foot of which, towards the Sea, it lies all upon a Level to the opposite Shore. It contained a Church, the _Forum_, and Theatre of _Honorius_, and many other Ornaments and Curiosities in common with other _Wards_. There stood here a magnificent Church dedicated to St. _Irene_, which was built by _Pertinax_, who had pass’d the Consular Dignity, and was then _Patriarch_ of _Constantinople_: And _Constantine_, when he had beautified the _Ward_ with many stately Buildings, enclosed it with a Wall, as ’tis recorded by _Cardinal Baronius_ in his _Annals_ of the Year 314.

_The Dock._] There was also a Place in this _Ward_ where they built their Ships.

The Author has taken no Notice of two Streets which belonged to this _Ward_, and which would complete the Number of three hundred and twenty two Streets, mentioned in the Conclusion of his _Treatise_; but without the Addition of them, we can reckon them three hundred and twenty and no more.

The Fourteenth _Ward_.

_Although this_ Ward _is look’d upon to be a fourteenth Part of the City, yet because it is divided from the other_ Wards _by an intermediate Space of Land, and enclosed within its own Walls, it makes the Figure of a small City by it self. The Entrance of it at the Gate is somewhat upon the Level; but the right Side of it, rising into an Ascent, almost to the Middle of the broad Way, falls into a deep Descent, and ends afterwards near the Sea in a Plain. It contains a Church; the Palace; a_ Nympheum; _some Baths; a Theatre; a_ Lusorium; _a Wooden Bridge; eleven Streets; a hundred and sixty seven great Houses; two large_ Portico’s; _five private Baths; one publick, and one private Mill; with five_ Gradus.

NOTES.

_The fourteenth_ Ward, _which is enclosed within its own Walls, makes the Figure of a kind of small City by it self_.] It was antiently looked upon to be a small City, because one of the Emperors had built there an Imperial Citadel. ’Tis very mountainous about it, and it descends towards the Sea, into the Bosom of a Plain. The Name of the Church in this _Ward_ is not known at present.

_A Palace._] This is the Place of Imperial Residence, which was antiently called _Palatium_, because _Augustus_ dwelt in Mount _Palatine_ at _Rome_. The Dwelling-House of _Romulus_ was also called by the same Name. Wherefore, says _Dion_, speaking of _Augustus_, let the Emperor be where he pleases, yet the Place where he constantly dwells, is always called his Palace.

_A_ Lusorium.] This probably was the same Place with the _Ludus Venatorius_, in which the Combatants exercised themselves before they engaged with wild Beasts; yet is it more probable, that it was so called from the _Naves Lusoriæ_, which were built there, of which _Marcellinus_ takes Notice in his _sixth Book_, as also the _Code_ of _Theodosius de Lusoriis Danubii_.

_A Wooden Bridge._] _Suidas_ writes, that near the Church of St. _Mamas_, there was a Bridge which consisted of twelve Arches, for there was a great Flood of Waters there. I believe this was after chang’d into a Stone Bridge.

_Five_ Gradus, _or Stairs_.] At the End of this _Ward_, after the five _Gradus_, I would correct the Omission of my Author, by comparing this with the other _Wards_, and adding one _Curator_, one _Vernaculus_, thirty seven _Collegiati_, and five _Vico-Magistri_.

The Author, in his following summary View of the City, mentions five hundred and sixty _Collegiati_, but to complete the Number of them, there are wanting seven. _Theodosius_ the _Less_ has added three in _Lib. de Commer. & Mercat._ and makes the Number of them to be five hundred and sixty three.

_A Summary View of the whole City._

_Having taken a particular View of the City, as divided into_ Wards, _I shall now_, continues my Author, _give the Reader a more large and general Description of it, to shew that its Beauty and Magnificence is not only to be ascribed to Art and good Workmanship, but that Nature herself by the Mediation of the Elements, has happily contributed to its Security and Defence. The divine Providence has with so much Wisdom consulted the Preservation of its Inhabitants, even to future Ages, that a long Tract of Land, in the Nature of a_ Promontory, _full of Windings and Harbours in its Sides, facing the Chaps of the_ Black-Sea, _narrow in Breadth, is strongly fortified by the Sea. The_ Isthmus, _the only Part of the City not bounded by the Sea, is at the same Time strengthened with a double Wall with numerous Towers on its Ramparts. The City thus enclosed and defended, contains in the Whole the following Buildings. Five Palaces; fourteen Churches; five divine Houses of the_ Augustæ; _three of the most illustrious Ladies_; _eight_ Bagnio’s; _two_ Basilica’s; _four_ Fora’s; _two Senate-Houses; five Granaries, or Store-Houses; two Theatres; two_ Lusoria; _four Havens; one_ Circo; _four Cisterns; four_ Nymphea; _three hundred and twenty two Streets; four Thousand three hundred and eight large Houses; fifty two_ Portico’s; _a hundred and fifty three private Baths; twenty publick, and a hundred and twenty private Mills; a hundred and seventeen_ Gradus; _five Flesh Markets; one_ Porphyry _Pillar; two Pillars with winding Stairs; one_ Colossus; _one Golden_ Tetrapylum; _the_ Forum _of_ Augustus; _the Capitol; the Mint, or Treasury; and three_ Gradus _by the Sea-Shore. It was under the Care and Government of fourteen_ Curators, _fourteen_ Vernaculi, _five hundred and sixty_ Collegiati, _and sixty five_ Vico-Magistri. _The Length of the City from the_ Porta Aurea _in a direct Line to the Sea-Shore, is fourteen Thousand and seventy five Feet; the Breadth of it, six Thousand one Hundred and fifty_. Thus concludes the Author of the Description, I shall now go on with my

NOTES.

_It has five Palaces._] Old _Rome_, instead of these, has one Thousand one hundred and eighty Houses.

_Fourteen Churches._] _Rome_ had four Hundred and twenty four Temples.

_Five divine Houses of the_ Augustæ, _and of those who bore the Title of the Most Illustrious three_.] The Houses of those Ladies, who bore the Title of _Augustæ_ were called Divine. They had also other Marks of Imperiality and Honour conferr’d upon them. By the Mistake of the Writer these Houses were reckoned six, though they were no more in Number than five only, _viz._ two of _Placidia_, two of _Pulcheria_, and one of _Eudocia_, the Wife of _Theodosius_. As to the Houses belonging to the Ladies, entitled the _Most Illustrious_, one of them belonged to _Marina_, and the other two to _Arcadia_, and bore the same Title with themselves.

_Eight_ Bagnio’s.] _Victor_ writes, that at _Rome_ there were eleven.

_Two_ Basilica’s.] There were ten of them at _Rome_.

_Four_ Fora’s.] At _Rome_ there were eleven; _Victor_ says nineteen.

_Two Senate-Houses._] At _Rome_, as _Victor_ says, there were three; one stood between the _Capitol_, and the _Forum Romanum_, where was the Temple of _Concord_; another by the _Porta Capena_, and a third in the Temple of _Bellona_, which stood in the _Circo_ of _Flaminius_, where the Foreign Ambassadors resided, because they would not allow them Admittance into the City.

_Five Granaries._] At _Rome_ there were two hundred and ninety two.

_Two Theatres._] At _Rome_ there were three.

_Two_ Lusoria.] At _Rome_, according to _Victor_, there were sixteen.

_Four Havens._] At _Rome_ there was but one.

_One_ Circo.] At _Rome_ there were two.

_Four Cisterns._] At _Rome_ there were none.

_Four_ Nymphea.] At _Rome_ there were fifteen.

_Three hundred and twenty two Streets._] At _Rome_ four Hundred and twenty four.

_Four Thousand three hundred and eighteen large Houses._] At _Rome_ there were forty six Thousand six hundred and two _Insulæ_, and one Thousand seven hundred and eighty large Houses. The Houses here mentioned were large roof’d Buildings, tyl’d at Top four Ways; the _Insulæ_ were roof’d Buildings, tyl’d only before and behind.

_Forty two_ Portico’s.] At _Rome_ there were six only.

_A hundred and fifty three private Baths._] At _Rome_ there were eight hundred and fifty six.

_Twenty publick, and a hundred and twenty private Mills._] At _Rome_ two hundred and fifty four.

_A hundred and seventeen_ Gradus.] At _Rome_ none.

_Five Flesh-Markets._] At _Rome_ two only.

_Five hundred and sixty_ Collegiati.] It is apparent that thirty seven of them are omitted in the last _Ward_. There was no such Office at _Rome_, yet there were, instead of them, Watchmen divided into seven Companies, whose Business, according to _Dion_ and _Suetonius_, was much the same with that of the _Collegiati_.

_Sixty five_ Vico-magistri.] It should be read seventy; for five of them are omitted in the last _Ward_. At _Rome_ the Number of _Collegiati_ was six hundred and seventy two.

_A Porphyry Pillar._] There was no such Pillar, as _Cedrinus_ says, at _Rome_, tho’ this was brought from thence. _Gyllius_ writes, that this Pillar was made of square marble Stones, and that it stood in the _Hippodrom_.

_Two Pillars with Winding-Stairs in the Inside of them._] There was the same Number at _Rome_.

_One_ Colossus.] At _Rome_ there were two. ’Tis omitted in the _Description of the Wards_, as many other Things of Note are.

_The Golden_ Tetrapylum.] _Gyllius_ quotes an unknown Author who will have this _Tetrapylum_ to have been a Quadrangle with _Portico’s_ round it, having Four Gates, and was formerly call’d _Quadrivium_. The _Latines_ call it a _Stadium_. But there’s no such Place to be found in the _Wards_ of the City, unless it be the _Stadium_ in the Fourth _Ward_, which is omitted in the _Summary View_ of the City. _Cedrinus_, in his Life of _Leo Magnus_, mentions this _Tetrapylum_. _Evagrius_ in the _twenty eighth Chapter_ of his _third Book_ tells us, that it was built by the Senator _Mammianus_, in the Reign of _Zeno_. He built, says he, two stately _Portico’s_ of exquisite Workmanship, and beautify’d them with a neat glossy Marble. As to the _Tetrapylum_ built by _Mammianus_, there are not, as _Gyllius_ tells us, the least Remains of it. _Victor_ writes, that there was a _Pentapylum_ in the tenth _Ward_ of _Rome_.

_The_ Augusteum.] This was the _Forum_ of _Augustus_.

_The Capitol._] At _Rome_, as _Victor_ writes, there were two; the old and the new _Capitol_.

_The Mint, or Treasury._] There was no such Place at _Rome_.

_Three_ Gradus _by the Sea-Shore_.] There were no such _Stairs_ at _Rome_, yet they had their _Lakes_, their _Naval Fights_, &c.

The City is reported to have had twenty three Gates. _Laonicus Chalcondylus_, in his History of the _Ottomans_, tells us, that _Constantinople_ contains in compass a hundred and eleven Furlongs, which is more than thirteen _Italian_ Miles. ’Tis generally thought to be eighteen Miles in Circumference. Besides the foremention’d Curiosities, _Constantinople_ has been famous for the _Aqueduct_ of _Hadrian_, which furnish’d the Palace, the _Nymphea_, and the _Bagnio’s_ with a Sufficiency of Waters, as _Theodosius_ mentions in a Letter to _Cyrus_, _Prefect_ of the City. The _Bagnio’s_ of _Achilles_ are also mention’d by him, where he says, that these _Bagnio’s_ were supply’d with Water convey’d into them from the said _Aqueduct_ by leaden Pipes. _Cedrinus_ says, that these _Bagnio’s_ were built near the _Strategium_, and took their Name from an Altar, which was dedicated to _Ajax_ and _Achilles:_ And _Cassiodorus_ relates, that the Fire, which happen’d in the Reign of _Constantine_ the _Great_, burnt down the City, as far as the _Bagnio’s_ of _Achilles_.

_Some Account of the_ Suburbs _as they are mention’d in the_ Codes _and_ Law-Books.

_Procopius_ tells us, in his first Book _de Ædif. Justin._ that the _Hepdomum_ was one Part of the Suburbs of _Constantinople_. _Justinian_, says he, built another Church dedicate to St. _Theodora_ in a Place call’d the _Hepdomum_, which in the _Greek_ signifies the _Seventh_. _Zonaras_, in the Life of _Phocas_, mentions the same Thing, as does also _Cedrinus_ in the Life of _Arcadius_ and _Justin_, with many others. In this Place were many Laws enacted; and _Zonaras_ writes, that _Theodosius_ the _Great_ built a Church there, in Honour of St. _John Baptist_. _Gyllius_ says, that ’tis at present enclos’d within the Walls of the City, that it stands upon the sixth Hill, and that ’tis call’d _Hepdomum_, or _Seventh_, as denoting the Number of the Suburbs of the City.

_The_ Blachernæ.] This is another Part of the Suburbs, mention’d by _Justinian_ in his 151ˢᵗ _Nov._ where he says, that _Hierius_ bequeath’d by Will to his Son _Anthemius_ the Suburbs in the _Blachernæ_. _Zonaras_ writes, that _Pulcheria_, the Sister of _Theodosius_ the _Less_, built a Church to the _Blessed Virgin_ in this Place, which, as _Procopius_ tells us, was repair’d by _Justinian_. _Cedrinus_ observes, that the Emperor _Justin_, Nephew of _Justinian_, enlarg’d it with two Arches. _Suidas_ reports, that _Anastasius_ the Emperor built there a large _Triclinium_ and _Tiberius_ a _Bagnio_, as _Zonaras_ writes. It took its Name of the _Blachernæ_, as _Gyllius_ believes, upon the Authority of _Dionysius_ a _Byzantian_ Writer, from some Person, who was formerly a kind of a petty King there. It was situate near the Sea, in the Place, as _Nicephorus_ observes in his 15ᵗʰ _Book_ _Chap._ 25ᵗʰ _of his Eccl. Hist._ where _Leo_ the _Great_ built a Church to the Virgin _Mary_.

The _Monastery_ of _Studius_ was another Part of the Suburbs of _Constantinople_, in which, as _Justinian_ observes, in his 6ᵗʰ _Chap._ _Novel_ 59ᵗʰ. was kept a large Bier, for the Burial of the Dead. The following Account is given of _Studius_ by _Nicephorus_, in his 15ᵗʰ _Book_, _Chap._ 25ᵗʰ _of his Eccles. Hist._ An eminent Citizen of _Rome_, says he, nam’d _Studius_, came from thence to _Constantinople_, where he built a Church to the Memory of St. _John Baptist_, and that divine Service might be celebrated there with more Decency and Solemnity, he took some Monks out of the Monastery of the Ἀκοίμητοι, who were so call’d, because some of them were always _waking_ to attend divine Worship. The heavenly-minded _Marcellinus_ built them a Monastery, in which they continually sang Hymns to God, their Society being divided into three Tribes for that Purpose. Thus far _Nicephorus_. Upon this Occasion _Studius_ was made _Consul_, as appears by an Inscription over the Gate of his own Monastery, which runs thus:

_This Pyle was rais’d by_ Studius’ _bounteous Hand: Great Actions greatest Honours should command. In just Acknowledgment, the grateful Town, Repay’d the Founder with a_ Consul’s _Gown_.

This happen’d in the Reign of _Leo_ the Emperor.

The _Coparia_, as is plain from the 159ᵗʰ _Nov. of Justinian_, was another Part of the Suburbs, and was bequeath’d, as appears by the Codicil of _Hierius_’s Will to his Niece.

There was also another Part of the Suburbs in the _Promontory_ of the Creek of _Sosthenium_, which was formerly in the Possession of _Ardaburus_, General of the Army to _Theodosius_ the _Less_. The Right of it afterwards came to _Hierius_, who was _Præfectus Prætorio_, or General of the Life-Guard to the Emperor _Zeno_. _Nicephorus_ in the 50ᵗʰ _Chap. of his_ 7ᵗʰ _Book of Eccl. Hist._ gives this Reason why it was call’d _Sosthenium_, ’Tis recorded, says he, that the _Argonauts_ of _Greece_, when they arriv’d here, began to plunder the Countrey, but were defeated by _Amycus_, who was then Governor of the Place, and being dispers’d, they wander’d about till they came to a woody unhospitable Place, where they took shelter in a large Thicket of Trees; that in this Calamity _Virtue_ came down to them from Heaven in a human Shape, having Wings like an Eagle, and by her Oracle foretold, that if they would venture another Battle, they should conquer _Amycus_. Directed by this Advice, they engag’d them again, obtain’d an entire Victory over them, slew him, and all his Forces; and that to express their Gratitude to the _Vision_, they built a Temple, and erected a Statue to her, in the Shape she appear’d to them, which gave the Place the Name of _Sosthenium_, because they _secur’d_ themselves by the second Battle.

Bytharium, _or_ Philotheum.] This was also another Part of the _Suburbs_, and is mention’d as such in 159ᵗʰ _Nov. of Justinian_.

The _Porta Veneta_ is mentioned by _Procopius_ in his _History of the_ Persian _War_; who, speaking of some military Officer, tells us, that when he came to the _Porta Veneta_, which stands on the Right Hand of the Palace, he halted and determin’d to march to _Hypalium_. This Gate seems to take its Name from the _Suburbs_ call’d _in Venetis_, probably because the _Venetian Faction_, a Company of Chariot-Racers dress’d in _Sky-colour’d_ Cloths, dwelt there.

_Procopius_ also takes Notice of the _Pontichium_ by the Ferry, and also of the _Rusiniana_, as two other Parts of the _Suburbs_. These Places he mentions in his 1ˢᵗ _Book of the_ Persian _War_; as does also _Sozomen_ in the 21ˢᵗ _Chap._ _Book_ the 8ᵗʰ.

_Of the present Buildings of_ Constantinople.

_Gyllius_ assures us, that the whole City, at present, is under a visible Decay, as to its Buildings; that the Houses are low and mean, and that there’s little or nothing to be seen of its ancient Beauty and Magnificence, except in a few of their _Basha’s_ Houses, their _Mosques_, their _Bagnio’s_, and their _Caravansera’s_, which are all very noble Buildings, and are as follows.

There are at least three hundred _Mosques_ built with Marble, cover’d with Lead, and shining with glossy marble Pillars.

There are above a hundred publick _Bagnio’s_, both for Men and Women, which are very spacious.

There are also about the same Number of _Caravansera’s_; the most eminent of which are adorn’d with Fountains, which are constantly supply’d with Water from the Fields adjoining the _Suburbs_, and which also supply the whole City.

[Illustration: BYZANTIΩN

BYZANTIΩN

B Y]

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Transcriber’s note:

The original spelling, hyphenation, punctuation has been retained except for apparent typographical errors.

The chapter headings and page numbers have been added to the CONTENTS, by the transcriber, for the following:

A DESCRIPTION Of the CITY of CONSTANTINOPLE, As it stood in the REIGNS of ARCADIUS and HONORIUS.

In the Preface of the Translator the author’s birthplace is given as “Abi”. This has been corrected to read “Albi” (in South-West France).