Chapter 5 of 6 · 3970 words · ~20 min read

Part 5

_The Burial Service by heart_ (Vol. vii., p. 13.).--In the Life of the Rev. Griffith Jones, the celebrated founder of the Welsh circulating charity schools, is this note:

"Living amongst dissenters who disliked forms of prayer, he committed to memory the whole of the baptismal and burial services; and, as his delivery was very energetic, his friends frequently heard dissenters admire his addresses, which they praised as being extempore effusions unshackled by the Prayer Book!"

E. D.

_Burrow_ (Vol. vii., p. 205.).--BALLIOLENSIS says that in North Gloucestershire "the side of a thick coppice is spoken of as a very _burrow_ place for cattle." He understands this to mean "sheltered, secure from wind;" and he asks to what etymology this sense can be attributed. I suspect the Anglo-Saxon _bearo_, a grove or copse, is the word here preserved. As a wood forms a fence against the wind, and is habitually so used and regarded by the agricultural population, the association of ideas is suitable enough in this interpretation. _Bearo_, first signifying the grove itself, might easily come to mark the shelter which the grove afforded. But there is also a compound of this word preserved in the ancient charters, in which the fitness of a place as a pasture for swine is the prominent notion. Kemble, _Cod. Dipl._, No. 288.: "Hæc sunt pascua porcorum, quæ nostrâ linguâ Saxonicâ _denbera_ nominamus." In the same sense the compound with the word _weald_ (= a great forest) is found: weald-_bero_. The wood was considered by our forefathers as propitious to their swine, not only for its shelter, but also for the masts it supplied; and this may have further helped to associate _bearo_ with the comforts of cattle.

ORIELENSIS.

"_Coming home to men's business_" (Vol. vii., p.235.).--It is hardly requisite to state to the readers of "N. & Q.," that many editions of Bacon's memorable, beautiful, and didactic _Essays_ appeared in the distinguished author's lifetime, obviously having experienced (proved by prefatory epistles of different dates) the repeated revision and emendations of the writer. The _Essays_ were clearly favourites with him, as well as with the then reading public. They were first published in 1597, preceded by a letter addressed "To M. Anthony Bacon, his deare Brother." The _ninth_ edition was issued the year before his death, which took place April 9, 1626. In that edition is added a dedication "To the Right Honorable my very good Lo. the Duke of Buckingham, his Grace Lo. High Admirall of England;" signed, "FR. ST. ALBAN:" previous signatures being "Fran. Bacon" (1597); "Fr. Bacon" (1612); "Fra. Bacon" (no date). In this dedication to the Duke of Buckingham first appeared the passage inquired about: "I doe now (he tells the Duke) publish my _Essayes_; which, of all my other workes, haue beene most current: for that, as it seems, they _come home to Men's Businesse and Bosomes_."--How accurate, yet modest, an appreciation of his labours!

A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.

My copy of Lord Bacon's _Essays_ is a 12mo.: London, 1668. And in the epistle dedicatory, the author himself tells the Duke of Buckingham as follows:

"I do now publish my _Essays_; which, of all my other works, have been most current: for that, as it seems, they _come home to men's business and bosomes_."

This will carry J. P. eleven years further back, at all events.

RT.

_Heuristic_ (Vol. vii., p. 237.), as an English scholar would write it, or _Hevristisch_, as it would be written by a German, is a word not to be found in the sixth edition of Kant's _Critik_ (Leipzig, 1818), nor in his _Prolegomena_ (Riga, 1783).[3] Your correspondent's copy appears to have been tampered with. The title _Kritik_ should be spelt with the initial _C_, and _reinen_ should not have a capital letter: the Germans being very careful to prefix capitals to all substantives, but never to adjectives. The above-mentioned edition of the _Critik_ was sent to me from Hamburg soon after its publication. It was printed by Fröbels at Rudolstadt in 1818; and is unblemished by a single _erratum_, so far as I have been able to detect one. Allow me to suggest to H. B. C. to collate the pages in his edition with the sixth of 1818; the seventh of 1828; and, if possible, with one published in Kant's lifetime prior to 1804; and he will probably find, that the very favourite word of Kant, _empirisch_, has been altered in a few instances to _hevristich_. MR. HAYWOOD is evidently inaccurate in writing _evristic_, which is wrong in Greek as well as in German and English.

Instead of giving the pages of his copy, your correspondent will more oblige by stating the divisions under which this exceptional word occurs, in the running title at the top of each page of his copy; together with two or three lines of the context, which I can compare with my own copy. I {321} have not here the facility of resort to a British Museum, or to German booksellers. Should your correspondent find any difficulty in effecting collation of his edition with others, I shall be willing to part with my copy _for a short time_ for his use; or, if he will oblige me with his copy, I will collate it with mine, and return it within the week with the various readings of the cited passages.

T. J. BUCKTON.

Lichfield.

[Footnote 3: The former is the _synthetic_, the latter the _analytic_ exposition of his system of mental philosophy.]

_"Cob" and "Conners"_ (Vol. vii., p. 234.).--These words are Celtic. _Cob_ means a mouth, a harbour, an entrance. _Conners_ appears to be a compound word, from _cuan_, a bay or harbour, and _mar_ or _mara_, the sea; pronounced "Cuan wara," then shortened into _Conner_. Conna-mara, in the west of Ireland, properly spelled _Cuan na mara_, means "bays of the sea."

FRAS. CROSSLEY.

_Lady High Sheriff_ (Vol. vii., p. 236.).--Your correspondent W. M. is informed that in Duncumb's _Herefordshire_ there is no mention made of the fact, that a lady executed the office of high sheriff of the county. The high sheriffs for the years 1768--1771 inclusive were Richard Gorges, William Nourse, Price Clutton, and Charles Hoskyns, Bart. The lady alluded to would be the widow of one of these.

H. C. K.

---- Rectory, Hereford.

Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset, Pembroke, and Montgomery, exercised the office of hereditary sheriff of Westmoreland, and, at the assizes at Appleby, sat with the judges on the bench (temp. Car. I.) Vide Blackstone's _Comment_., and Pocock's _Memorials of the Tufton Family_, p. 78. (1800.)

I may add that ladies have also been included in the commission of the peace. The Lady Bartlet was made a justice of the peace by Queen Mary in Gloucestershire (Harl. MSS); Margaret, Countess of Richmond, mother of Henry VII., was made a justice of peace; and a lady in Sussex, of the name of Rowse, did usually sit on the bench at the assizes and sessions amongst other justices _cincta gladio_ (_op. cit._).

W. S.

Northiam.

_Death of Nelson_ (Vol. vii., p. 52.).--The "beautiful picture which hangs in a bad light in the hall of Greenwich Hospital" was not painted by West, but by Arthur William Devis, a very talented artist, but somewhat careless in financial matters. He was a pupil of Zoffeny, was in India for some years, where he practised portrait-painting with considerable success. The well-known print of the "Marquis Cornwallis receiving the Sons of Tippoo Saib as Hostages," was from a picture painted by him. The "Death of Nelson" at Greenwich was a commission from the house of Boydell, Cheapside; and a large print was afterwards published by them from it. Devis met the vessel on its return to England, and on its way homeward painted, very carefully, the portraits of the persons represented in his picture, and also a very exact view of the cockpit in which the hero died. The picture has great merit, and deserves to be better placed.

T. W. T.

_Editions of the Prayer-Book prior to 1662_ (Vol. vi., pp. 435. 564.; Vol. vii., p. 18.).--As a small instalment towards completing this desirable object, I send you the following:

1551. Humphrey Powell. Folio. (Emmanuel Coll.) 1552. Jugge and Cawood. 4to. 1553. Grafton. 8vo. (White Knight's, 3283.) 1564. Jugge and Cawood. 4to. 1565. W. Seres. 8vo. (Christ Church, Oxford.) 1571. Cawood. 4to. (White Knight's, 3539.) 1580. Widow of R. Jugge. Folio. 1607. Barker. Folio. (Sir M. Sykes, Part III., 1019.) 1615. Barker. Folio. (St. John's Coll., Oxford.) 1632. Barker. 4to. (In my possession.) 1634. Edinburgh. 12mo. 1636. Bill. Folio. (Bindley, Part I., 955.)

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

_Passage in Juvenal_ (Vol. vii., p. 165.).--The Delphin edition of Juvenal, in a note on Sat. x. v. 365., says: "Sunt qui legunt, Nullum numen _abest_." It would be very easy, in carelessly copying a MS., to substitute either word for the other. When MR. J. S. WARDEN has ascertained which is the true reading, he may fairly call the other an "alteration."

R. Y. TH--B.

_Tennyson_ (Vol. vii., p. 84.).--The first Query of H. J. J. having been already answered (p. 189.), in reply to his _second_ inquiry, I beg to inform him that he will find the custom referred to in the passage of the "Princess," of which he desires to know the meaning, fully explained in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for October 1848, p. 379.

W. L. N.

_Capital Punishment_ (Vol. vii., p. 181.).--Your correspondent S. Y. may find the date of the last instance of capital punishment for exercising the Roman Catholic religion in Bishop Challoner's very interesting _Memoirs of Missionary Priests_: Keating, 1836. Every reader of Fox's _Book of Martyrs_ should, in fairness, consult the above work. There is another earlier work, _Théâtre des Cruautés des Hérectiques de nostre temps_, Anvers, 1588; but it is unfortunately very scarce.

W. L. N.

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PSYCHE AND OTHER POEMS, by MRS. MARY TIGHE. Portrait. 8vo. 1811.

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_In consequence of our having to publish the present Number on Thursday instead of Friday, we have been compelled to omit several highly interesting articles, our_ Notes on Books, _&c._

A. X. _Nineveh is said to have been destroyed by fire, when taken by the Medes and Babylonians. The date of this is fixed by Clinton, in his_ Fasti Hell., vol. i. p. 269., _at_ 606 B.C. _Layard_ (Nineveh, vol. ii. p. 161.) _also adopts this date_.

B. N. C. _The words "à secretis," in the passage quoted, signify that the party alluded to was a member of the Privy Council._

J. G. B., _who asks if_ Monkey _is not derived from_ Homunculus, _is referred to Skinner, who derives it from_ Monikin, _or_ Manikin, _i. e._ Homunculus.

H. H. B. (St. Lucia). _The wishes of our Correspondent shall be attended to._

T. MASSEY (Manchester) _is referred to Richardson's_ Dictionary, _s. v._ with, within, without, _for a solution of his Query_. Nisi Prius _are the first words on certain legal records, where an issue is appointed to be tried by a jury from the county,_ unless before _the day appointed (nisi prius) the judges shall have come to the county in question. The judges of assize, by virtue of their commission of_ nisi prius, _try the causes thus appointed_.

E., _who asks the origin of "Mind your P's and Q's," is referred to our_ 3rd Vol., pp. 328. 357. 463. 523.

BALLIOLENSIS. _We are flattered by the suggestion of our Correspondent, but we must leave the agitation which he suggests to abler hands._

PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES. _In consequence of the number of_ REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES _waiting for insertion, we have been compelled to postpone the_ REV. MR. SISSON_'s description of a new_ Head-rest, _and_ SIR W. NEWTON_'s explanation of his_ Process.

A. S. K. (Worthing) _is informed that it is quite useless to extract the size from the paper of positive pictures, to ensure their permanence. If the hyposulphite of soda is entirely freed from them, they will bear any exposure to atmospheric influence without change. Although in all works on Photography it is recommended that the size should be extracted from negatives before waxing them, it is a process we have entirely dispensed with: if the iron is used sufficiently hot, the wax will perfectly permeate the entire texture of the paper. Our Correspondent is referred to our back Numbers for an account of the mode of taking a positive picture on glass from a glass negative._

R. S. C. (Solihull) _shall receive a private communication on the subject of the construction of his glass house for Photographic purposes. There are points in it which are not generally attended to, and upon which the want of success of many operators has no doubt depended._

TYRO (March 14th). _The second sample of collodion which you have used is_ over-_iodized. It is quite requisite that it should be known that the sensitive properties of collodion are not increased by adding too much of the iodizing solution. If the collodion is good, the film is semi-transparent, of a bluish opal-like appearance. If the iodine is in excess, it becomes more opaque and creamy after immersion in the bath, and of a deep orange when looked through; whereas it should appear of a pale amber colour._

TYRO (March 17th). _The reticulated appearance you complain of is from using your collodion too thick, and not giving the glass the rotatory rocking motion which you should do when you drain off the excess into the bottle. Prepare two pieces of glass with collodion: in one simply drain off the excess of collodion, and in the other use the motion which has been before described, and you will perceive the difference in the evenness of the two films._

H. HENDERSON (Glasgow). _We consider glass baths are much superior to gutta percha in every respect. Many of the unpleasant markings in collodion pictures may have their origin in the gutta percha. This is frequently adulterated, and the nitrate acts upon the extraneous substances which are added to the gutta percha, either for adulteration, to give it firmness, or an agreeable colour. A glass bath is readily made, but the minute details of the mode we cannot enter into. Our Correspondent is referred to our numerous advertising friends, as the readiest way to supply his present want in this respect. "Jefferies' Marine Glue" can be procured at all times, the cost being about sixpence per pound. One part of marine glue, and two of best red sealing-wax, form a beautiful cement for glass baths. The marine glue, when used alone, becomes detached from the glass by the nitrate solution; and, without a substance to temper it, the sealing-wax is too brittle._

X. (Manchester). _When the blue spots occur of which our Correspondent complains, it is because there is at the time of operating very feeble

## actinic action in the light. If he were to rub one of these pictures when

dry, he would find it almost entirely removable from the glass. The occasional want of brilliancy in all probability depends on the same cause. Proto-nitrate of iron, when prepared with the nitrate of baryta of commerce, instead of pure nitrate of baryta, will often have the same effect._

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