Part 20
Fire"-new` (?), a. Fresh from the forge; bright; quite new; brand-new. Charles reade.
Your fire-new stamp of honor is scarce current.
Shak.
Fire"place` (?), n. The part a chimney appropriated to the fire; a hearth; -- usually an open recess in a wall, in which a fire may be built.
Fire"proof` (?), a. Proof against fire; incombustible.
Fire"proof`ing (?), n. The act or process of rendering anything incombustible; also, the materials used in the process.
Fir"er (?), n. One who fires or sets fire to anything; an incendiary. [R.] R. Carew.
Fire"-set` (?), n. A set of fire irons, including, commonly, tongs, shovel, and poker.
Fire"side` (?), n. A place near the fire or hearth; home; domestic life or retirement.
Fire"stone` (?; 110), n. [AS. frstn flint; fr fire + stn stone.] 1. Iron pyrites, formerly used for striking fire; also, a flint.
2. A stone which will bear the heat of a furnace without injury; -- especially applied to the sandstone at the top of the upper greensand in the south of England, used for lining kilns and furnaces. Ure.
Fire"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European redstart; -- called also fireflirt. [prov. Eng.]
Fire"ward`en (?), n. An officer who has authority to direct in the extinguishing of fires, or to order what precautions shall be taken against fires; -- called also fireward.
Fire"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An American plant (Erechthites hiercifolia), very troublesome in spots where brushwood has been burned. (b) The great willow-herb (Epilobium spicatum).
Fire"wood` (?), n. Wood for fuel.
Fire"work` (?), n. 1. A device for producing a striking display of light, or a figure or figures in plain or colored fire, by the combustion of materials that burn in some peculiar manner, as gunpowder, sulphur, metallic filings, and various salts. The most common feature of fireworks is a paper or pasteboard tube filled with the combustible material. A number of these tubes or cases are often combined so as to make, when kindled, a great variety of figures in fire, often variously colored. The skyrocket is a common form of firework. The name is also given to various combustible preparations used in war. [1913 Webster]
2. pl. A pyrotechnic exhibition. [Obs. in the sing.]
Night before last, the Duke of Richmond gave a firework.
Walpole.
Fire"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The larva of a small tortricid moth which eats the leaves of the cranberry, so that the vines look as if burned; -- called also cranberry worm.
Fir"ing, n. 1. The act of discharging firearms.
2. The mode of introducing fuel into the furnace and working it. Knight.
3. The application of fire, or of a cautery. Dunglison.
4. The process of partly vitrifying pottery by exposing it to intense heat in a kiln.
5. Fuel; firewood or coal. [Obs.] Mortimer.
Firing iron, an instrument used in cauterizing.
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Firk (?), v. t. [Cf. OE. ferken to proceed, hasten, AS. fercian to bring, assist; perh. akin to faran to go, E. fare.] To beat; to strike; to chastise. [Obs.]
I'll fer him, and firk him, and ferret him.
Shak.
Firk, v. i. To fly out; to turn out; to go off. [Obs.]
A wench is a rare bait, with which a man
No sooner's taken but he straight firks mad.B.Jonson.
Firk, n. A freak; trick; quirk. [Obs.] Ford.
Fir"kin (?), n. [From AS. feÛwer four (or an allied word, perh. Dutch or Danish) + -kin. See Four.] 1. A varying measure of capacity, usually being the fourth part of a barrel; specifically, a measure equal to nine imperial gallons. [Eng.]
2. A small wooden vessel or cask of indeterminate size, -- used for butter, lard, etc. [U.S.]
Fir"lot (?), n. [Scot., the fourth part of a boll of grain, from a word equiv. to E. four + lot part, portion. See Firkin.] A dry measure formerly used in Scotland; the fourth part of a boll of grain or meal. The Linlithgow wheat firlot was to the imperial bushel as 998 to 1000; the barley firlot as 1456 to 1000. Brande & C.
Firm (?), a. [Compar. Firmer (?); superl. Firmest.] [OE. ferme, F. ferme, fr.L. firmus; cf. Skr. dharman support, law, order, dh&?; to hold fast, carry. Cf. Farm, Throne.] 1. Fixed; hence, closely compressed; compact; substantial; hard; solid; -- applied to the matter of bodies; as, firm flesh; firm muscles, firm wood.
2. Not easily excited or disturbed; unchanging in purpose; fixed; steady; constant; stable; unshaken; not easily changed in feelings or will; strong; as, a firm believer; a firm friend; a firm adherent.
Under spread ensigns, moving nigh, in slow But firm battalion.
Milton.
By one man's firm obediency fully tried.
Milton.
3. Solid; -- opposed to fluid; as, firm land.
4. Indicating firmness; as, a firm tread; a firm countenance.
Syn. -- Compact; dense; hard; solid; stanch; robust; strong; sturdly; fixed; steady; resolute; constant.
Firm, n. [It. firma the (firm, sure, or confirming) signature or subscription, or Pg. firma signature, firm, cf. Sp. firma signature; all fr. L. firmus, adj., firm. See Firm, a.] The name, title, or style, under which a company transacts business; a partnership of two or more persons; a commercial house; as, the firm of Hope & Co.
Firm, v. t. [OE. fermen to make firm, F. fermer, fr. L. firmare to make firm. See Firm, a.] 1. To fix; to settle; to confirm; to establish. [Obs.]
And Jove has firmed it with an awful nod.
Dryden.
2. To fix or direct with firmness. [Obs.]
He on his card and compass firms his eye.
Spenser.
Fir"ma*ment (?), n. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.] 1. Fixed foundation; established basis. [Obs.]
Custom is the . . . firmament of the law.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The region of the air; the sky or heavens.
And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
Gen. i. 6.
And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament.
Gen. i. 14.
In Scripture, the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent; the great arch or expanse over out heads, in which are placed the atmosphere and the clouds, and in which the stars appear to be placed, and are really seen.
3. (Old Astron.) The orb of the fixed stars; the most rmote of the celestial spheres.
Fir`ma*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to the firmament; celestial; being of the upper regions. Dryden.
Fir"man (? or ?), n.; pl. Firmans (#) or (#). [Pers. fermn.] In Turkey and some other Oriental countries, a decree or mandate issued by the sovereign; a royal order or grant; -- generally given for special objects, as to a traveler to insure him protection and assistance. [Written also firmaun.]
Firm"er-chis"el (?), n. A chisel, thin in proportion to its width. It has a tang to enter the handle instead of a socket for receiving it. Knight.
Firm"i*tude (?), n. [L. firmitudo. See Firm.] Strength; stability. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Firm"i*ty (?), n. [L. firmitas.] Strength; firmness; stability. [Obs.] Chillingworth.
Firm"less, a. 1. Detached from substance. [Obs.]
Does passion still the firmless mind control?
Pope.
2. Infirm; unstable. "Firmless sands." Sylvester.
Firm"ly, adv. In a firm manner.
Firm"ness, n. The state or quality of being firm.
Syn. -- Firmness, Constancy. Firmness belongs to the will, and constancy to the affections and principles; the former prevents us from yielding, and the latter from fluctuating. Without firmness a man has no character; "without constancy," says Addison, "there is neither love, friendship, nor virtue in the world."
Firms (?), n. pl. [From Firm, a.] (Arch.) The principal rafters of a roof, especially a pair of rafters taken together. [Obs.]
Fir"ring (?), n. (Arch.) See Furring.
Fir"ry (?), a. Made of fir; abounding in firs.
In firry woodlands making moan.
Tennyson.
First (?), a. [OE. first, furst, AS. fyrst; akin to Icel. fyrstr, Sw. & Dan. fˆrste, OHG. furist, G. f¸rst prince; a superlatiye form of E. for, fore. See For, Fore, and cf. Formeer, Foremost.] 1. Preceding all others of a series or kind; the ordinal of one; earliest; as, the first day of a month; the first year of a reign.
2. Foremost; in front of, or in advance of, all others.
3. Most eminent or exalted; most excellent; chief; highest; as, Demosthenes was the first orator of Greece.
At first blush. See under Blush. -- At first hand, from the first or original source; without the intervention of any agent.
It is the intention of the person to reveal it at first hand, by way of mouth, to yourself.
Dickens.
-- First coat (Plastering), the solid foundation of coarse stuff, on which the rest is placed; it is thick, and crossed with lines, so as to give a bond for the next coat. -- First day, Sunday; -- so called by the Friends. -- First floor. (a) The ground floor. [U.S.] (b) The floor next above the ground floor. [Eng.] -- First fruit or fruits. (a) The fruits of the season earliest gathered. (b) (Feudal Law) One year's profits of lands belonging to the king on the death of a tenant who held directly from him. (c) (Eng. Eccl. Law) The first year's whole profits of a benefice or spiritual living. (d) The earliest effects or results.
See, Father, what first fruits on earth are sprung From thy implanted grace in man!
Milton.
-- First mate, an officer in a merchant vessel next in rank to the captain. -- First name, same as Christian name. See under Name, n. -- First officer (Naut.), in the merchant service, same as First mate (above). -- First sergeant (Mil.), the ranking non-commissioned officer in a company; the orderly sergeant. Farrow. -- First watch (Naut.), the watch from eight to twelve at midnight; also, the men on duty during that time. -- First water, the highest quality or purest luster; -- said of gems, especially of diamond and pearls.
Syn. -- Primary; primordial; primitive; primeval; pristine; highest; chief; principal; foremost.
First (?), adv. Before any other person or thing in time, space, rank, etc.; -- much used in composition with adjectives and participles.
Adam was first formed, then Eve.
1 Tim. ii. 13.
At first, At the first, at the beginning or origin. -- First or last, at one time or another; at the beginning or end.
And all are fools and lovers first or last.
Dryden.
First, n. (Mus.) The upper part of a duet, trio, etc., either vocal or instrumental; -- so called because it generally expresses the air, and has a preÎminence in the combined effect.
First"born` (?), a. First brought forth; first in the order of nativity; eldest; hence, most excellent; most distinguished or exalted.
First"-class` (?), a. Of the best class; of the highest rank; in the first division; of the best quality; first-rate; as, a first-class telescope.
First-class car or First-class railway carriage, any passenger car of the highest regular class, and intended for passengers who pay the highest regular rate; -- distinguished from a second-class car.
First"-hand` (?), a. Obtained directly from the first or original source; hence, without the intervention of an agent.
One sphere there is . . . where the apprehension of him is first-hand and direct; and that is the sphere of our own mind.
J. Martineau.
First"ling (?), n. [First + - ling.] 1. The first produce or offspring; -- said of animals, especially domestic animals; as, the firstlings of his flock. Milton.
2. The thing first thought or done.
The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand.
Shak.
First"ling, a. Firstborn.
All the firstling males.
Deut. xv. 19.
First"ly, adv. In the first place; before anything else; -- sometimes improperly used for first.
First"-rate` (?), a. Of the highest excellence; preÎminent in quality, size, or estimation.
Our only first-rate body of contemporary poetry is the German.
M. Arnold.
Hermocrates . . . a man of first-rate ability.
Jowett (Thucyd).
First"-rate`, n. (Naut.) A war vessel of the highest grade or the most powerful class.
Firth (?), n. [Scot. See Frith.] (geog.) An arm of the sea; a frith.
Fir" tree` (?). See Fir.
Fisc (?), n. [F. fisc, fr. L. fiscus basket, money basket, treasury; prob. akin to fascis bundle. See Fasces.] A public or state treasury. Burke.
Fis"cal (?), a. [F. fiscal, L. fiscalis, fr. fiscus. See Fisc.] Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue.
The fiscal arreangements of government.
A>Hamilton.
Fis"cal, n. 1. The income of a prince or a state; revenue; exhequer. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. A treasurer. H. Swinburne.
3. A public officer in Scotland who prosecutes in petty criminal cases; -- called also procurator fiscal.
4. The solicitor in Spain and Portugal; the attorney-general.
Fi*set"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to fustet or fisetin.
Fis"e*tin (?), n. [G. fisettholz a species of fustic.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance extracted from fustet, and regarded as its essential coloring principle; -- called also fisetic acid.
Fish (?), n. [F. fiche peg, mark, fr. fisher to fix.] A counter, used in various games.
Fish, n.; pl. Fishes (#), or collectively, Fish. [OE. fisch, fisc, fis, AS. fisc; akin to D. visch, OS. & OHG. fisk, G. fisch, Icel. fiskr, Sw. & Dan. fisk, Goth. fisks, L. piscis, Ir. iasg. Cf. Piscatorial. In some cases, such as fish joint, fish plate, this word has prob. been confused with fish, fr. F. fichea peg.] 1. A name loosely applied in popular usage to many animals of diverse characteristics, living in the water.
2. (Zoˆl.) An oviparous, vertebrate animal usually having fins and a covering scales or plates. It breathes by means of gills, and lives almost entirely in the water. See Pisces.
The true fishes include the Teleostei (bony fishes), Ganoidei, Dipnoi, and Elasmobranchii or Selachians (sharks and skates). Formerly the leptocardia and Marsipobranciata were also included, but these are now generally regarded as two distinct classes, below the fishes.
3. pl. The twelfth sign of the zodiac; Pisces.
4. The flesh of fish, used as food.
5. (Naut.) (a) A purchase used to fish the anchor. (b) A piece of timber, somewhat in the form of a fish, used to strengthen a mast or yard.
Fish is used adjectively or as part of a compound word; as, fish line, fish pole, fish spear, fish-bellied.
Age of Fishes. See under Age, n., 8. -- Fish ball, fish (usually salted codfish) shared fine, mixed with mashed potato, and made into the form of a small, round cake. [U.S.] -- Fish bar. Same as Fish plate (below). -- Fish beam (Mech.), a beam one of whose sides (commonly the under one) swells out like the belly of a fish. Francis. -- Fish crow (Zoˆl.), a species of crow (Corvus ossifragus), found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It feeds largely on fish. -- Fish culture, the artifical breeding and rearing of fish; pisciculture. -- Fish davit. See Davit. -- Fish day, a day on which fish is eaten; a fast day. -- Fish duck (Zoˆl.), any species of merganser. -- Fish fall, the tackle depending from the fish davit, used in hauling up the anchor to the gunwale of a ship. -- Fish garth, a dam or weir in a river for keeping fish or taking them easily. - - Fish glue. See Isinglass. -- Fish joint, a joint formed by a plate or pair of plates fastened upon two meeting beams, plates, etc., at their junction; -- used largely in connecting the rails of railroads. -- Fish kettle, a long kettle for boiling fish whole. -- Fish ladder, a dam with a series of steps which fish can leap in order to ascend falls in a river. -- Fish line, or Fishing line, a line made of twisted hair, silk, etc., used in angling. -- Fish louse (Zoˆl.), any crustacean parasitic on fishes, esp. the parasitic Copepoda, belonging to Caligus, Argulus, and other related genera. See Branchiura. -- Fish maw (Zoˆl.), the stomach of a fish; also, the air bladder, or sound. -- Fish meal, fish desiccated and ground fine, for use in soups, etc. -- Fish oil, oil obtained from the bodies of fish and marine animals, as whales, seals, sharks, from cods' livers, etc. -- Fish owl (Zoˆl.), a fish-eating owl of the Old World genera Scotopelia and Ketupa, esp. a large East Indian species (K. Ceylonensis). -- Fish plate, one of the plates of a fish joint. -- Fish pot, a wicker basket, sunk, with a float attached, for catching crabs, lobsters, etc. -- Fish pound, a net attached to stakes, for entrapping and catching fish; a weir. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett. -- Fish slice, a broad knife for dividing fish at table; a fish trowel. -- Fish slide, an inclined box set in a stream at a small fall, or ripple, to catch fish descending the current. Knight. -- Fish sound, the air bladder of certain fishes, esp. those that are dried and used as food, or in the arts, as for the preparation of isinglass. -- Fish story, a story which taxes credulity; an extravagant or incredible narration. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. -- Fish strainer. (a) A metal colander, with handles, for taking fish from a boiler. (b) A perforated earthenware slab at the bottom of a dish, to drain the water from a boiled fish. -- Fish trowel, a fish slice. -- Fish weir or wear, a weir set in a stream, for catching fish. -- Neither fish nor flesh (Fig.), neither one thing nor the other.
Fish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fishing.] 1. To attempt to catch fish; to be employed in taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing a net.
2. To seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw forth; as, to fish for compliments.
Any other fishing question.
Sir W. Scott.
Fish, v. t. [OE. fischen, fisken, fissen, AS. fiscian; akin to G. fischen, OHG. fisc&?;n, Goth. fisk&?;n. See Fish the animal.] 1. To catch; to draw out or up; as, to fish up an anchor.
2. To search by raking or sweeping. Swift.
3. To try with a fishing rod; to catch fish in; as, to fish a stream. Thackeray.
4. To strengthen (a beam, mast, etc.), or unite end to end (two timbers, railroad rails, etc.) by bolting a plank, timber, or plate to the beam, mast, or timbers, lengthwise on one or both sides. See Fish joint, under Fish, n.
To fish the anchor. (Naut.) See under Anchor.
Fish"-bel`lied (?), a. Bellying or swelling out on the under side; as, a fish-bellied rail. Knight.
Fish"-block` (?), n. See Fish- tackle.
Fish"er (?), n. [AS. fiscere.] 1. One who fishes.
2. (Zoˆl.) A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela Canadensis); the pekan; the "black cat."
Fish"er*man (?), n.; pl. Fishermen (&?;). 1. One whose occupation is to catch fish.
2. (Naut.) A ship or vessel employed in the business of taking fish, as in the cod fishery.
Fish"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fisheries (&?;). 1. The business or practice of catching fish; fishing. Addison.
2. A place for catching fish.
3. (Law) The right to take fish at a certain place, or in particular waters. Abbott.
Fish"ful (?), a. Abounding with fish. [R.] "My fishful pond." R. Carew.
Fish"gig` (?), n. A spear with barbed prongs used for harpooning fish. Knight.
Fish"hawk` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The osprey (Pandion haliaÎtus), found both in Europe and America; -- so called because it plunges into the water and seizes fishes in its talons. Called also fishing eagle, and bald buzzard.
Fish"hook` (?), n. 1. A hook for catching fish.
2. (Naut.) A hook with a pendant, to the end of which the fish-tackle is hooked. Dana.
Fish"i*fy (?), v. t. To change to fish. [R.] Shak.
Fish"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being fishy or fishlike. Pennant.
Fish"ing, n. 1. The act, practice, or art of one who fishes.
2. A fishery. Spenser.
Fish"ing, a. [From Fishing, n.] Pertaining to fishing; used in fishery; engaged in fishing; as, fishing boat; fishing tackle; fishing village.
Fishing fly, an artificial fly for fishing. -- Fishing line, a line used in catching fish. -- Fishing net, a net of various kinds for catching fish; including the bag net, casting net, drag net, landing net, seine, shrimping net, trawl, etc. -- Fishing rod, a long slender rod, to which is attached the line for angling. -- Fishing smack, a sloop or other small vessel used in sea fishing. -- Fishing tackle, apparatus used in fishing, as hook, line, rod, etc. -- Fishing tube (Micros.), a glass tube for selecting a microscopic object in a fluid.
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Fish"like (?), a. Like fish; suggestive of fish; having some of the qualities of fish.
A very ancient and fishlike smell.
Shak.
Fish"mon`ger (?), n. A dealer in fish.
Fish"skin` (?), n. 1. The skin of a fish (dog fish, shark, etc.)
2. (Med.) See Ichthyosis.
Fish"-tac`kle (?), n. A tackle or purchase used to raise the flukes of the anchor up to the gunwale. The block used is called the fish-block.
Fish"-tail` (?), a. Like the of a fish; acting, or producing something, like the tail of a fish.
Fish-tail burner, a gas burner that gives a spreading flame shaped somewhat like the tail of a fish. -- Fish-tail propeller (Steamship), a propeller with a single blade that oscillates like the tail of a fish when swimming.
Fish"wife` (?), n. A fishwoman.
Fish"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Fishwomen (&?;). A woman who retails fish.
Fish"y (?), a. 1. Consisting of fish; fishlike; having the qualities or taste of fish; abounding in fish. Pope.
2. Extravagant, like some stories about catching fish; improbable; also, rank or foul. [Colloq.]
Fisk (?), v. i. [Cf. Sw. fjeska to bustle about.] To run about; to frisk; to whisk. [Obs.]
He fisks abroad, and stirreth up erroneous opinions.
Latimer.
Fis`si*gem*ma"tion (?), n. [L. fissus (p. p. of findere to split) + E. gemmation.] (Biol.) A process of reproduction intermediate between fission and gemmation.
Fis"sile (?), a. [L. fissilis, fr. fissus, p. p. of findere to split. See Fissure.] Capable of being split, cleft, or divided in the direction of the grain, like wood, or along natural planes of cleavage, like crystals.
This crystal is a pellucid, fissile stone.
Sir I. Newton.
Fis`si*lin"gual (?), a. [L. fissus (p. p. of findere to split) + E. lingual.] (Zoˆl.) Having the tongue forked.
||Fis`si*lin"gui*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. fissus (p. p. o f findere ||to split) + lingua tongue.] (Zoˆl.) A group of Lacertilia having the ||tongue forked, including the common lizards. [Written also ||Fissilingues.]
Fis*sil"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being fissile.
Fis"sion (?), n. [L. fissio. See Fissure.] 1. A cleaving, splitting, or breaking up into parts.
2. (Biol.) A method of asexual reproduction among the lowest (unicellular) organisms by means of a process of self-division, consisting of gradual division or cleavage of the into two parts, each of which then becomes a separate and independent organisms; as when a cell in an animal or plant, or its germ, undergoes a spontaneous division, and the parts again subdivide. See Segmentation, and Cell division, under Division.
3. (Zoˆl.) A process by which certain coral polyps, echinoderms, annelids, etc., spontaneously subdivide, each individual thus forming two or more new ones. See Strobilation.
Fis`si*pal"mate (?), a. [L. fissus (p. p. of findere to split) + palma palm.] (Zoˆl.) Semipalmate and loboped, as a grebe's foot. See Illust. under Aves.
||Fis*sip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Fissiparous.] (Zoˆl.) Animals which ||reproduce by fission.
Fis*sip"a*rism (?), n. [See Fissiparous.] (Biol.) Reproduction by spontaneous fission.
Fis`si*par"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) Quality of being fissiparous; fissiparism.