Part 3

1761-1766 _Joseph Royle._ Born in England; became Hunter’s foreman about 1758 and married Hunter’s sister; co-legatee, with Hunter’s minor son, of the printing business; died in 1766.

1766-1773 _William Rind._ Came from Maryland to Williamsburg in 1766 on the invitation of Jefferson and other “hot Burgesses” who thought Royle too submissive to the governor; established a rival _Virginia Gazette_ and continued it until he died in 1773.

1766-1779 _Alexander Purdie._ Born and trained in Scotland; was foreman to Royle, whose will bequeathed him an interest in the business along with Royle’s minor son and William Hunter, Jr.; took John Dixon as partner, and himself stepped out when young Hunter came of age in 1774; established a new printing office and issued a third _Virginia Gazette_ until his death in 1779.

1766-1780 _John Dixon._ Had been Royle’s business manager before the latter’s death, and thereafter married his widow; partner in turn of Purdie, William Hunter, Jr., and Thomas Nicolson; moved to Richmond in 1780.

1773-1774 _Clementina Rind._ Widow of William Rind; continued his printing business for one year—from his death in 1773 until her own in 1774.

1774-1777 _John Pinkney._ Continued the Rind printing business and _Gazette_ on behalf of the Rind children from Clementina’s death until some time in 1777.

1775-1777 _William Hunter Jr._ Natural son of William Sr., who bequeathed him the printing shop, lot, and half-interest in the business; on coming of age became active partner of Dixon; partnership dissolved in 1777; Hunter, a loyalist, followed Cornwallis to Yorktown in 1781 and thence to exile.

1779-1780 _Thomas Nicolson._ Succeeded William Hunter, Jr., as Dixon’s partner in 1779; the firm moved to Richmond the following year.

1779-1780 _John Clarkson._ Nephew of Alexander Purdie; continued Purdie’s _Gazette_ and printing business for about a year in partnership with Augustine Davis.

1779-1780 _Augustine Davis._ Had been one of Purdie’s printers; with Clarkson continued as successor to Purdie until 1780.

_Henry Bowcock_, _William Stark_, and _Robert Miller_ were connected with printing in Williamsburg during the years 1730-1780, but it is not known in what capacity.

[Illustration: Decorative header.]

_Suggestions for Further Reading_

Bernard Bailyn, ed., _Pamphlets of the American Revolution, 1750-1776_. Vol. I: _1750-1765_. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965.

Susan Stromei Berg, comp., _Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg Imprints_. New York: Clearwater Publishing Co., 1986.

Charles E. Clark and Charles Wetherell, “The Measure of Maturity: The _Pennsylvania Gazette_, 1728-1765.” _William and Mary Quarterly_, 3rd Ser., XLVI (April 1989), pp. 279-303.

Richard Beale Davis, _A Colonial Southern Bookshelf: Reading in the Eighteenth Century_. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1979.

Hannah Dustin French, “Early American Bookbinding by Hand,” in Helmut Lehman-Haupt, ed., _Bookbinding in America: Three Essays_. Portland, Me.: Southworth-Anthoensen Press, 1941.

Rutherfoord Goodwin, “The Williamsburg Paper Mill of William Parks, the Printer.” _Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America_, XXXI (1931), pt. 1.

Dard Hunter, _Papermaking in Pioneer America_. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1952.

John Edgar Molnar, _Publication and Retail Book Advertisements in the “Virginia Gazette,” 1736-1780_. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1978.

C. Clement Samford and John M. Hemphill II, _Bookbinding in Colonial Virginia_. Williamsburg: Colonial Williamsburg, 1966.

Cynthia Z. Stiverson and Gregory A. Stiverson, “The Colonial Retail Book Trade: Availability and Affordability of Reading Material in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Virginia,” in William L. Joyce, David D. Hall, Richard D. Brown, and John B. Hench, eds., _Printing and Society in Early America_. Worcester: American Antiquarian Society, 1983.

Isaiah Thomas, _The History of Printing in America, with a Biography of Printers, and an Account of Newspapers_. 2nd ed. Albany: American Antiquarian Society, 1874.

Lawrence C. Wroth, _The Colonial Printer_. Portland, Me.: Southworth-Anthoensen Press, 1938.

——, _William Parks: Printer and Journalist of England and Colonial America_. Richmond: William Parks Club, 1926.

_The Printer in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg_ was first published in 1955, inaugurating this series of craft pamphlets. Written originally by Parke Rouse, Jr., then director of publications at Colonial Williamsburg, it was revised in 1958 by the late Thomas K. Ford, editor, and has been reprinted in 1964, 1970, 1974, 1978, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999.

Transcriber’s Notes

—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.

—Silently corrected a few palpable typos.

—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.

—Transcribed the text of specimen pages.

—Where possible on specimen pages, retained long-ſ and ligatures (but not typefaces) in the UTF and HTML versions.