CHAPTER XII

GREAT EXPLORERS

Old-time travellers—Herodotos—Strabo—Pliny—Ptolemy—The Arab geographers—The Portuguese explorers—Andrew Battel—British on the Gambia—French on the Senegal—James Bruce and the Blue Nile—Timbuktu—Mungo Park and the Niger—South African explorations—Portugal and Dr Lacerda—Captain Owen—Tuckey and the Congo—Major Laing—René Caillé—British Government expeditions in Tripoli,—Bornu, Lake Chad, and Sokoto—Lander and the Niger mouth—Barth and, the Western Sudan—the Jewish explorer Mordokhai—Krapf, Rebmann, and the Snow Mountains—Livingstone—Burton and Speke, Speke and Grant—Samuel Baker—Livingstone and Kirk—French explorers in North-West Africa—Livingstone and Central Africa—Cameron—Rohlfs—Nachtigal—Alexandrine Tinne—Paul du Chaillu—Winwood Reade—Stanley and the Congo—Portuguese explorers—Schweinfurth and the Wele—Nile explorers—Nyasaland explorations—Pogge, Reichard, Boehm, and von Bary—Dr Felkin—Joseph Thomson—George Grenfell—von Wissmann—Emin Pasha—Cameroons explorers—Nigerian and Chad explorations—Tanganyika, Somaliland, and East African discoveries—Kilima-njaro—Morocco—Marchand—Madagascar—Remarkable 20th century exploring work 297