CHAPTER XIV

A FORECAST OF THE FUTURE.

“Now our sands are almost run: More or little, and then dumb.” SHAKESPEARE.

I ACKNOWLEDGE a hesitation in writing this chapter, because there are many people who feel very strongly upon the subject of the disposal of the dead, and whose feelings I wish in no way to appear to treat with anything but the greatest consideration.

The custom of burying the body has been in practice in England ever since Christianity was established here, and so completely did burial take the place of burning that the latter expedient has never been formally forbidden, or, until 1884, even referred to, in English law. It is well that this fact should be clearly understood, viz., that it is not illegal to dispose of a dead body by other means than by burial in earth (unless it should be proved a public nuisance at common law), nor has it been illegal in England in the past, but it has merely not been the custom, “inhumation” having been systematically practised for a thousand years.

It is natural that many beautiful thoughts should have been expressed by our greatest writers in connection with the burial of the dead; it has been a theme upon which poets have loved to dwell. The mourners, the lych-gate, the weather-worn stones, the solemn stillness, the yew-tree—they all furnish subjects for reflection and for verse. Tennyson refers in terms of tenderest meaning to the yew-tree in the churchyard in his “In Memoriam,” and even Tom Hood puts aside his joking mood when he thinks of it—

“How wide the yew-tree spreads its gloom, And o’er the dead lets fall its dew, As if in tears it wept for them, The many human families That sleep around its stem!”

I confess I love these associations dearly, and it would be hard indeed to give them up. But will they ever cling around our cemeteries? I think not.

On the other hand, many very curious notions have arisen in connection with this subject—notions as groundless as they are quaint. I will mention three only, which are illustrated by the two following epitaphs, the first of which is from St. Olave’s, Jewry, and the second from Bermondsey, as quoted by Maitland:—

1. “Under this Tomb, the sacred Ashes hold, The drossie Part of more celestiall Gold; The Body of a Man, a Man of Men, Whose worth to write at large, would loose my Pen. Then do thy worst, Death, glut thyself with Dust, The precious Soul is mounted to the Just. Yet, Reader, when thou read’st, both read and weep, That Men so good, so grave, so wise, do sleep.”

2. “Where once the famous _Elton_ did entrust The Preservation of his sacred Dust, Lyes pious _Whitaker_, both justly twined, Both dead one Grave, both living had one Mind; And by their dissolution have supply’d The hungry Grave, and Fame and Heaven beside. This stone protect their Bones, while Fame enrolls Their deathless Name, and Heaven embrace their Souls.”

In the first we are told to weep because so good a man has gone, from the second we are led to believe that the gravestone protects the body of the departed, and both contain the idea that the grave or earth is anxious to receive the mortal remains, and is more comfortable for having done so. First there is the question of the weeping. It is very usual, on gravestones and monuments, to find the order given to the reader to “drop a tear.” And yet how impossible it is to carry it out. Imagine dropping a tear all along a line of graves of people of whom one has never heard, and who died 250 years ago! But happily there are quite as many injunctions to the contrary, and we are as often told not to weep:—

“Weep not for me, friends, though death us do sever, I’m going to do nothing for ever and ever.”

This epitaph to a poor overworked woman is, perhaps, flippant. Here is a more serious one, which was in the church of St. Martin Outwich:—

“Reader, thou may’st forbear to put thine Eyes To charge For Tears, to mourn these Obsequies: Such charitable Drops would best be given To those who late, or never, come to Heaven. But here you would, by weeping on this Dust, Allay his Happiness with thy Mistrust; Whose pious closing of his youthful Years Deserves thy Imitation, not thy Tears.” (_In memory of John Wight_, 1633.)

Secondly there is the question of the protecting gravestone. This is also not uncommonly met with. The poet Gray’s well-known “Elegy in a Country Churchyard” contains the following verse:—

“Yet e’en these bones from insult to protect Some frail memorial still erected nigh, With uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture decked, Implores the passing tribute of a sigh.”

But there could be few notions more false. Gravestones have often enough been “moved about to give more appearance of room,” and oftener still cleared away altogether, while the bodies beneath have been cast out almost as soon as they were buried; and unfortunately there are many country churchyards now which are terribly overcrowded. A short time after the death of Lawrence Sterne his admirers collected money to put a monument on his grave in St. George’s burial-ground, Bayswater Road. It was erected in what was supposed to be about the right position—no one could point to the exact spot where the body lay.

Thirdly we have the idea of the hungering grave, which is carried to a ridiculous point in this passage from “The Wonderful Yeare 1603, wherein is shewed the picture of London lying sicke of the Plague.”—“Let us look forth, and try what consolation rises with the sun. Not any, not any; for, before the jewel of the morning be fully set in silver, hundred hungry graves stand gaping; and every one of them (as at a breakfast) hath swallowed downe ten or eleven lifeless carcases. Before dinner, in the same gulfe, are twice so many more devoured. And, before the Sun takes his rest, those numbers are doubled.”

[Illustration: SHEEP IN THE SAVOY CHURCHYARD ABOUT 1825.]

Now the grave is not hungry, and the earth does not want dead bodies; it is better without them. Yet, strangely enough, there is a certain benefit to be derived from a moderate supply, and the most advanced cremationists advocate the use of the few remaining ashes as manure for some kinds of farm lands. Sir Henry Thompson, a cremationist worthy of every honour, has referred to the great increase there would be in the fish supply if burial at sea were generally practised, a plan approved of by some _anti_-cremationists. We have seen that churchyard water has been drunk for generations, and very bad it is. Churchyard poultry and churchyard mutton are also common enough, many a poor parson being glad to earn a few pounds in the year by allowing sheep to graze among the graves. This is all very well in some country places, but it used to be practised in London, and sheep have been actually killed by swallowing with the grass the poisonous products of the overfilled ground. In the Charterhouse graveyard there are some magnificent wall fruit trees, such as are seldom seen in crowded towns; one of the Stepney pest-fields became a market-garden; while breweries and burial-grounds seem to be closely associated with each other.

But the question of paramount importance is how to stop the increase of cemeteries. Are we ever to allow England to be divided like a chess-board into towns and burial-places? What we have to consider is how to dispose of the dead without taking so much valuable space from the living. In the metropolitan area alone we have almost filled (and in some places overfilled) twenty-four new cemeteries within sixty years, with an area of above six hundred acres; and this is as nothing compared with the huge extent of land used for interments just outside the limits of the metropolis. If the cemeteries are not to extend indefinitely they must in time be built upon, or they must be used for burial over and over again, or the ground must revert to its original state as agricultural land, or we must turn our parks and commons into cemeteries, and let our cemeteries be our only recreation grounds—which Heaven forbid!

I fail to understand how any serious-minded person can harbour the idea that burning the body can be any stumbling-block in the way of its resurrection, for the body returns “earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust,” whether the process takes fifty years or fifty minutes. But many people have a horror of the notion—they know it is sanitary, but they think it irreverent. There are other alternatives, worthy of careful consideration. Some have advocated burial at sea; others, and among them Sir Seymour Haden, have pressed forward the advantages of using perishable coffins, wicker baskets, and the like—a suggestion as excellent as it is economical, for the sooner the earth and the body meet the better it is. Perhaps, in this scientific generation, some one may invent a totally new method of disposing of the dead, which will commend itself both to those who advocate cremation and to those who dislike it. He would indeed be a public benefactor, deserving of the Faraday medal. But that cremation is on the increase cannot be denied. Even Kensal Green Cemetery has now a “Columbarium,” which is an elegant name for pigeon-holes for cinerary urns, built in 1892, with forty-two little cupboards. Since the decision of Mr. Justice Stephen in the case of Dr. William Price, in February, 1884, it has been recognised as legal in England, and the crematoriums at Woking and elsewhere have been frequently used. But if the practice is to become at all general it must be advocated by a different set of people. It has, to a certain extent, happened hitherto that those who have been cremated have been more or less associated (I hope I may not be misunderstood here) with the advanced school—those that consider themselves “enlightened,” Radicals, or Socialists, or persons of little or no professed religious views. This was not the case with the promoters of cremation, but it has been so with some of their disciples, or at any rate many anti-cremationists think so. The Rev. H. R. Haweis is excellent in his way—I speak of him with the greatest respect—but I venture to think that cremation will not be taken up very largely until a few such men as the Archbishop of York, the Chief Rabbi, the Rev. Prebendary Webb Peploe, and Father Staunton pronounce in its favour. Then it would soon be necessary to have a crematorium in every cemetery.

[Illustration: THE COLUMBARIUM AT KENSAL GREEN.]

It is morbid and useless to make previous preparation for death, except by life insurance, a proper will, and other business-like arrangements for the benefit of survivors. It is foolish to erect, as many have done, a tomb during lifetime (like the Miller’s tomb on Highdown Hill, Sussex), to keep a coffin under the bed, or to have a picture of a skeleton always on the wall. Such eccentric practices as that of the gentleman who died in a house by Hyde Park, and, at his wish, had his body kept in a coffin under a glass case on the roof of the house, are not to be admired. We can never forget that our life here will have its ending, our friends, companions, and neighbours are constantly leaving us, our daily paper has its daily obituary column, and surely no artificial method is needed to remind us of this fact. Cowper has said:

“Like crowded forest-trees we stand, And some are marked to fall; The axe will smite at God’s command, And soon shall smite us all.”

The utmost we need do, if we do not want our bodies to rest in the cemeteries, is to tell our friends that we wish them cremated, or buried in perishable coffins, or quietly laid in some far-off, rural spot. All else we may leave—it is in higher hands than ours; and already the Church on earth, imperfect, faulty, and divided though she be, has

“mystic, sweet communion With those whose rest is won.”

A few words in closing about the future of the disused burial-grounds in London. I think they are tolerably safe now. I have attempted to show how many there still are, closed and idle, or being used for a totally wrong purpose, between Hampstead and Plumstead, Hammersmith and Bow; but they are surely, if but slowly, being reclaimed and changed, one by one, into places of rest and recreation for the living. The public mind has so far awaked to the necessity of securing all the breathing-spaces which may be had, that the smallest corner of land in which interments can have been said to have taken place now forms a subject of litigation if attempts are made to build upon it. Preservation is the first step upon the ladder, acquisition the next, while conversion crowns them all.

I can foresee no better fate for the disused graveyards than that they should become gardens or playgrounds. The churchyards must be gardens, as green and bright and neat as they can be made, for the older people; and the unconsecrated grounds, detached from places of worship, will serve as playgrounds, many of them having to be reclaimed from their present use as builders’ yards, cooperages, &c. Spa Fields, Clerkenwell, a burial-ground to the history of which I have already referred, is a typical London playground, in the very centre of the town, although surrounded by courts and streets with such rural names as Rosoman Street, Wood Street, Pear-tree Court and Vineyard Walk—grim reminders of what the district was like a hundred years or more ago. Exmouth Street, behind which this open space is situated, is worth a visit. I was there recently, one Monday afternoon. Trucks and stalls with wares of all kinds lined the narrow road, and there seemed scarcely a square yard without a person on it. One woman was selling old garments, of which she had only about six, and these were spread out on the road itself—in the mud. A little farther on I noticed a stall, where two women were making purchases of “freshly-boiled horse-flesh at 2d. a lb.” This was not cut up as for cat’s meat, but was in large, dark brown, shapeless-looking joints. In the middle of the street is the Church of the Holy Redeemer, a huge structure in imitation of an Italian church. It stands on the site of the Spa Fields Chapel, an old round building, removed a few years ago, belonging to the Lady Huntingdon Connexion, which had a stone obelisk in front of it to the memory of Lady Huntingdon, who lived in a neighbouring house. Behind the church is the open space, which is nearly two acres in extent. Originally taken for a tea-garden the speculation failed, and the ground was used as a burial-ground, slightly lower fees being charged than in the neighbouring churchyards. After being grossly overcrowded it was closed for interments in 1853. For several years the space has been used as a drill-ground by the 3rd Middlesex Artillery and the 39th Middlesex Rifles; and in 1885 the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association entered into negotiations with the owner, the Marquis of Northampton, and he generously handed it over at a nominal rental for the purposes of a children’s playground, and subsequently added to it half an acre of adjoining land. The association drained it and carted a large amount of soil and gravel into it, and put up some gymnastic apparatus in the additional piece, which was not a part of the burial-ground. The entrance is from Vineyard Walk, Farringdon Road. When I last visited the playground, although it was a chilly afternoon, a great many children were enjoying themselves, and some women were swinging their little ones. But after or between school-hours is the proper time to see it. Then it is crowded, and every swing, rope, pole, bar, ladder, and skipping-rope is in use, and children are running about all over the open part of the ground.

[Illustration: SPA FIELDS PLAYGROUND.]

It is a strange-looking place. On the north-west side is the unfinished apse of the Church of the Holy Redeemer, and on the south side is the parish mortuary, the presence of which does not seem to have any sobering effect upon the children. I watched four boys on the giant’s stride, and when they had vacated it a little girl of about eight years, who had been sitting on a seat with a baby on her lap, and was knitting a long strip with odd bits of coloured wools, beckoned to another sad-looking little girl sitting on my seat, and off they went to take the boys’ places. The baby was deposited on yet another seat, and it wept copiously. But the children did not heed its cries; they had a silent and vigorous turn at the giant’s stride, each holding on to two ropes. They neither spoke nor smiled, and, when they had finished, the one returned to her baby and her knitting and the other clambered on to the back of the long-suffering and well-worn vaulting-horse. They are very strong, some of these poor children, and it is wonderful what they can do. The shabbiest often seem the most active. I noticed one little lad, whose clothes were literally dropping to pieces—shoes, stockings, knickerbockers, and blouse all in tatters—and he twisted himself about on the handle swings, putting his toes through the handles, and performing all sorts of gyrations which many a well-fed boy, clad in the best of flannels, would have given his all to be able to accomplish.

A playground such as Spa Fields is about as different from an ordinary village green, where country boys and girls romp and shout, as two things with the same purpose can well be. For the soft, green grass, you have gritty gravel; for the cackling geese who waddle into the pond, you have a few stray cats walking on the walls; for the picturesque cottages overgrown with roses and honeysuckle, you have the backs of little houses, monotonous in structure, in colour, and in dirt; and instead of resting “underneath the shadow vast of patriarchal tree,” you must be content with a wooden bench close to the wall, bearing on its back the name of the association which laid out the ground. But it is only necessary to have once seen the joy with which the children of our crowded cities hail the formation of such a playground, and the use to which they put it, to be convinced that the trouble of acquiring it, or the cost of laying it out, is amply repaid. They are so crowded at home, so crowded at school, so crowded in the roads, that it seems hard to lose one opportunity of securing a piece of ground, however small, where they can be free to stretch their arms, their legs, and their lungs, away from the dangers and the sad sights of the streets, under the charge of a kindly caretaker,

“And where beadles and policemen Never frighten them away.”

And can the dead beneath the soil object to the little feet above them? I am sure they cannot. Even Gray, in describing Stoke Pogis Churchyard, which is surrounded by meadows, rejoiced to see the “little footsteps lightly print the ground.” Such a space as Spa Fields may never have been consecrated for the use of the dead, but perchance the omission is in part redeemed by its dedication to the living.

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APPENDIX A.

BURIAL-GROUNDS WITHIN THE METROPOLITAN AREA, WHICH STILL EXIST, WHOLLY OR IN PART. ABRIDGED FROM THE RETURN PREPARED FOR THE LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL IN THE SPRING OF 1895, AND CORRECTED UP TO DATE.

HAMPSTEAD.

1. _St. John’s Churchyard._—1½ acres in extent. It is full of tombstones, but very neatly kept, and although not handed over to any public authority, nor provided with seats, the gates are usually open.

2. _Burial-ground in Holly Lane._—1¼ acres. This is still used for interments, and new graves are occasionally dug here. It was consecrated in 1812. It is tidily kept, and the gates are open whenever the gardener is on the ground.

3. _Hampstead Cemetery._—19½ acres. First used in 1876. Open daily. It is well kept, except the part nearest to Fortune Green.

4. _The Tumulus, Parliament Hill Fields._—Excavated in 1894 by the London County Council, and said to be an ancient British burial-place of the early bronze period. Railed round for its protection.

N.B.—There are tumuli in Greenwich Park, and evidences of Roman cemeteries and other ancient burial-places in several parts of London.

ST. MARYLEBONE.

5. _St. Marylebone Episcopal Chapel-ground_, High Street.—⅓ acre

This chapel was the parish church until 1816. The churchyard is full of tombstones, closed and fairly neat.

6. _St. Marylebone Burial-ground_, Paddington Street, north side.—¾ acre. A mortuary was built in it a few years ago. The ground was consecrated in 1772. It is closed to the public, but neatly kept and used as a garden for the inmates of the adjoining workhouse.

7. _St. Marylebone_ (also called _St. George’s_) _Burial-ground_, Paddington Street, south side.—2¼ acres. Consecrated in 1733, and very much used. Since 1886 it has been maintained as a public garden by the vestry, and is well kept.

8. _St. John’s Wood Chapel-ground._—An additional burial-ground for the parish of Marylebone. 6 acres. The tombstones have not been moved, but the Marylebone Vestry maintains the ground as a public garden. It has a few seats in it, and is neatly kept.

PADDINGTON.

9. _St. Mary’s Churchyard._—1 acre. The tombstones have not been moved, but the ground has been neatly laid out, and is kept open by the vestry.

10. _The Old Burial-ground_, Paddington.—3 acres. This adjoins St. Mary’s Churchyard, and was laid out and opened as a public garden by the vestry in 1885. It contains the site of an older church, dedicated to St. James.

KENSINGTON.

11. _St. Mary Abbots Churchyard._—About 1¼ acres. The graveyard is smaller than it was 20 years ago because the present church is far larger than the original one, and recently a long porch or cloister has been added. It is neatly laid out but closed to the public.

12. _Holy Trinity Churchyard_, Brompton.—3½ acres. There are public thoroughfares through this ground, but they are railed off, and the churchyard is closed and has a neglected appearance.

13. _Brompton Cemetery_, also called West London Cemetery and London and Westminster Cemetery.—38 acres. First used in 1840. By 1889 upwards of 155,000 bodies had been interred there. It is crowded with tombstones, and is in the midst of a thickly populated district.

14. _All Souls Cemetery_, Kensal Green, partly in Hammersmith.—69 acres. Open daily and neatly kept. This cemetery has been in use since 1833, and it is crowded with tombstones and contains catacombs and numerous vaults and mausoleums.

15. _Burial-ground of the Franciscan Convent of St. Elizabeth_, Portobello Road.—This is a triangular grass plot, not above ¼ acre in size, in the garden behind the convent. It is surrounded by trees and neatly kept. It was sanctioned by the Home Secretary in 1862, and is only used for the interment of nuns, of whom five have been buried here, the first in 1870 and the last in 1893.

HAMMERSMITH.

16. _St. Paul’s Churchyard._—1 acre. This is smaller than it used to be, the present church being larger than the old one, and a piece of the ground having been taken in 1884 to widen the road. It is neatly laid out and often open, but not a public recreation ground. It was consecrated in 1631, and frequently enlarged.

17. _St. Peter’s Churchyard_, Black Lion Lane.—1,800 square yards. Closed and untidy.

18. _New West End Baptist Chapel-ground_, King Street.—¼ acre. This is north and south of the chapel, the northern part having been encroached upon. Closed and neatly kept.

19. _Wesleyan Chapel Burial-ground_, Waterloo Street.—The chapel has been supplanted by a Board School, and the playground is the site of the burial-ground. It is tar-paved, has a few trees in it, and is about 500 square yards in size.

20. _Friends Burial-ground_, near the Creek.—300 square yards. This is on the north side of the Friends meeting-house, and is closed, but very neat. There are a few flat tombstones, and burials took place until about 1865.

21. _St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Cemetery_, Kensal Green.—30 acres. The first interment was in 1858, and it is now crowded with vaults, tombstones, &c. It is open daily and neatly kept.

22. _The Cemetery of the Benedictine Nunnery_, Fulham Palace Road.—This is a small burial-ground in the garden. According to a report from the Home Office it is about 14 by 12 yards in extent. It was in use before 1829, but was closed for interment some years ago.

23. _The Cemetery of the Convent_ (_Nazareth Home_), in Hammersmith Road.—This is at the extreme end of the garden, under the wall of Great Church Lane. It is not more than 12 yards by 9 yards, and is used for the interment of the sisters, burials only taking place at considerable intervals. This ground has been in use for upwards of 40 years.

FULHAM.

24. _All Saints’ Churchyard._—Two acres or more. This is kept open during the summer months, and has seats in it, but the gravestones have not been moved, nor has the ground been handed over to any public authority for maintenance. It is neatly kept. No new graves are dug in it, but where the rights can be proved certain old vaults are still occasionally used.

25. _St. Mary’s Churchyard_, Hammersmith Road.—Size ½ acre. This ground is closed, but fairly tidy. Several of the tombstones have been moved.

26. _St. John’s Churchyard_, Walham Green.—½ acre. There are only a few tombstones on the north side of the church and none on the south side, and the ground is closed and appears neglected.

27. _St. Thomas’s Roman Catholic Churchyard_, Fulham.—2,600 square yards. This ground was closed by order in Council in 1857, but only partially, for new graves are still dug in it, in the midst of a densely-populated district of new streets. The gate is usually open.

28. _Lillie Road pest-field_ (the orchard of Normand House).—The site of this orchard, then 4 acres in extent, was used extensively for burials at the time of the Great Plague. Lintaine Grove now occupies part of it, and a row of houses in Lillie Road. Only about ¾ acre is still unbuilt upon, at the corner of Tilton Street, and this is offered for sale.

29. _Fulham Cemetery._—12½ acres. First used in 1865. Open daily.

30. _Hammersmith Cemetery_, in Fulham Fields.—16½ acres. First used in 1869. Open daily.

CHELSEA.

31. _St. Luke’s Churchyard_ (the old church on the Embankment).—¼ acre. This ground is closed and neglected.

32. _St. Luke’s Churchyard_ (the new church in Robert Street).—2¼ acres. This ground was consecrated in 1812, and contains vaults and catacombs. It was laid out as a public garden and is maintained by the Chelsea Vestry.

33. _Old Burial-ground_, King’s Road.—¾ acre. Given to the parish of Chelsea by Sir Hans Sloane, consecrated in 1736, and enlarged in 1790. A mortuary has been built in it. It is laid out as a garden for the use of the inmates of the adjoining workhouse. Fragments of an old chapel and graveyard have been found here.

34. _Chelsea Hospital Graveyard_, Queen’s Road.—1⅓ acres. This ground was used for the interment of the pensioners. It is closed, but neatly kept.

35. _All Souls Roman Catholic Burial-ground_, Cadogan Terrace.—1½ acres. The adjoining chapel (St. Mary’s) was consecrated in 1811. The ground is closed and full of tombstones.

36. _Moravian Burial-ground_, Milman’s Row.—The part actually used for interments is fenced in and closed. It is neatly kept, the tombstones being very small flat ones. It belongs to the Congregation of the Moravian Church in Fetter Lane, E.C., and was closed by order in Council about 8 years ago.

37. _Jewish Burial-ground_, Fulham Road.—½ acre. It belongs to the Western Synagogue, St. Alban’s Place, S.W., and was first used in 1813. It is closed to the public except between 11 and 4 on Sundays.

ST. GEORGE’S, HANOVER SQUARE.

38. _St. George’s Burial-ground_, Mount Street.—1¼ acres. Laid out as a public garden, and beautifully kept by the vestry. The ground dates from about 1730, but there are very few tombstones.

39. _St. George’s Burial-Ground_, Bayswater Road.—Laid out by the vestry, the gravestones having been placed round the walls. The approaches to this ground are its chief drawback, and it is not visible from any public road. One entrance is through the chapel facing Hyde Park, and the other is in a mews. It is about 5 acres in extent.

WESTMINSTER (ST. MARGARET AND ST. JOHN).

40. _The Churchyard of Westminster Abbey._—What remains of the extensive burial-ground which once occupied this site is the piece of land on the north side of the Abbey, and the cloisters. (See _St. Margaret’s_.)

41. _St. Margaret’s Churchyard._—This was laid out as a public garden, and forms one ground with the Abbey churchyard. It is well kept up by the burial board of the parish. The size of the churchyard, with the ground used for interments which belongs to the Abbey, is about 2¼ acres.

42. _Christ Church Churchyard_, Victoria Street (also called St. Margaret’s burying-ground).—This church was a chapel of ease to St. Margaret’s. The adjoining graveyard has had a vicarage built in it. What remains is 7,000 square yards in size, closed, with flat tombstones and grass.

43. _St. John the Evangelist Churchyard_, Smith Square.—This churchyard used to extend, at the beginning of the century, for some distance on the south side of the church, but was thrown into the road. Now all that remains is a very small bare enclosure, not ¼ acre in size, railed in round the church.

44. _Additional ground for St. John’s Parish_, Horseferry Road.—Walled in in 1627, and very much used, especially for the burial of soldiers. It is 1½ acres in size, and has been laid out as public garden. It is neatly kept by the vestry, and much frequented.

45. _Vincent Square._—8 acres. This is what remains of the Tothill Fields pest-field. It is the playground of Westminster School, and some buildings have been erected in it. A stone-paved yard in Earl Street is said to be the site of the plague-pits.

46. _Millbank Penitentiary Burial-ground._—432 square yards in size. In 1830-33 there were an average of 14 interments per annum, but at times it was more used. The site of this graveyard will be preserved when the space which used to be occupied by the prison is built upon.

47. _Knightsbridge Green._—Victims of the plague from the leper hospital and elsewhere were buried here. A grassy, closed triangle opposite Tattersalls.

ST. MARTIN’S IN THE FIELDS.

48. _St. Martin’s Churchyard._—⅓ acre. This is stone-paved, has trees and seats in it supplied by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association, and is maintained by the vestry.

49. _Additional ground in Drury Lane._—Less than ¼ acre. Laid out as a public garden, and now maintained by the vestry. It is well kept, and contains some gymnastic apparatus for the use of the children. Also called the Tavistock burial-ground.

ST. JAMES’S, WESTMINSTER.

50. _St. James’s Churchyard_, Piccadilly.—½ acre. This is a dreary ground, and might be made very attractive. The part where most burials took place is considerably raised above the rest. The yard on the north side of the church is entirely paved with stones, amongst which are many tombstones. In the upper part tombstones form the walks, the walls, &c. One gate is often unlatched.

51. _St. James’s Workhouse Ground_, Poland Street.—The workhouse was built upon a “common cemetery” where, at the time of the plague, many thousands of bodies were interred. A small part of it was kept as the workhouse burial-ground, but this has now disappeared, and all that is left of the original ground used for interments is the garden or courtyard of the workhouse. It is a pleasant recreation ground for the inmates, and is well supplied with seats, being about ¼ acre in extent.

THE STRAND.

52. _St. Mary le Strand Churchyard._—At the west end of the church, about 200 square yards in size, closed and not well kept.

53. _Additional ground, Russell Court, Catherine Street._—430 square yards. It is probable that few grounds in London were more overcrowded with bodies than this one, which was entirely surrounded by the backs of small houses. When closed in 1853 it was in a very disgusting and unwholesome condition, and it continued to be most wretched until the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association asphalted it in 1886. It is maintained as a children’s playground by the London County Council. This is the scene of “Tom all alone’s” in “Bleak House.” There are 6 gravestones against the wall.

54. _St. Clement Danes Churchyard._—This is now ¼ acre in extent, having been curtailed when the Strand was altered. It is closed.

55. _Additional ground, Portugal Street._—This was called the “Green-ground,” and was crowded with bodies. A corner of King’s College Hospital was built upon the ground. The remaining piece is nearly ½ acre in size, between the hospital and Portugal Street. It is now the entrance drive and a grass plot. It is neatly kept, with some trees and seats in it, and is used solely by the hospital.

56. _St. Paul’s Churchyard_, Covent Garden.—¾ acre. Given by the Earl of Bedford in 1631. It is closed and very neat, the tombstones forming a flat paved yard round the church, while the rest of the ground is turfed.

57. _St. Ann’s Churchyard_, Soho.—½ acre. It is estimated that in this small ground and the vaults under the church 110,240 bodies were interred during 160 years. It was laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1892, and is maintained as a recreation ground in very good order by the Strand District Board of Works.

58. _The Churchyard of the Chapel Royal_ (_St. Mary’s_), Savoy.—¼ acre. This ground was much used for the internment of soldiers. It belongs to Her Majesty the Queen, as Duchess of Lancaster, and was laid out as a public garden at the cost of the Queen, the Earl of Meath, and others. It is well maintained by the parish.

ST. GILES IN THE FIELDS.

59. _St. Giles’ Churchyard._—Nearly an acre. This ground being originally consecrated by a Roman Catholic, was much used by the poor Irish. It was enlarged in 1628, and at various subsequent dates, and was very much overcrowded, and it occupies the site of an ancient graveyard attached to a leper hospital. It has been laid out as a public garden, and is maintained by the St. Giles’ District Board of Works. The brightest part of the ground is north of the church, and this is only opened at the discretion of the caretaker.

HOLBORN.

60. _Additional ground for St. John’s, Clerkenwell_, in Benjamin Street.—This land, which is nearly ¼ acre in extent, was consecrated in 1775. It was laid out as a public garden ten years ago, and is maintained by trustees with help from the Holborn District Board of Works and the Clerkenwell Vestry. Very well kept.

61. _Charterhouse Square._—This garden is a part of the site of a burial-ground dating back to 1349, when Sir Walter de Manny purchased from St. Bartholomew’s Hospital 13 acres of land, known as the Spittle Croft, for the burial of those who died in the plague of that time. In 20 years 50,000 bodies were interred there. In 1371 the Carthusian Monastery was built upon it. This Pardon Churchyard was a space of three acres acquired a year earlier, to which the plague-ground was added. This Pardon Churchyard survived longer, being used for suicides and executed people. Charterhouse Square is 1¼ acres.

62. _The old Charterhouse Graveyard._—In 1828 to 1830, when the present Pensioners’ Court and other buildings were erected, part of this ground was built upon; but part exists in the courtyard on each side of the Pensioners’ Courts, being about ⅓ acre in extent. All the open land has been used at one time or another for burials.

63. _The new Charterhouse Burial-ground._—When the above ground was done away with, a smaller piece to the north was set aside for the interment of the pensioners. This remains still, and is very neatly kept. There are a few gravestones on the wall and splendid fruit trees. It is about ¼ acre in extent.

CLERKENWELL.

64. _St. James’s Churchyard._—¾ acre. This ground was purchased in 1673, enlarged in 1677, and is now laid out as a public garden and maintained by the vestry.

65. _Additional ground, Bowling Green Lane_ (called St. James’s middle ground).—This was leased by the parish, with the adjoining “Cherry Tree” public-house, in 1775 for 99 years. It is ¼ acre in size, situated at the corner of Rosoman Street and Bowling Green Lane. The London School Board secured it when the lease ran out, and it is now the playground of the Bowling Green Lane School.

66. _The Burial-ground of St. James’s_, Pentonville Road.––This was formed as an additional ground for the parish of St. James, Clerkenwell. It is nearly an acre in extent, full of tombstones and very untidy, but the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association has undertaken to convert it into a public garden.

67. _St. John’s Churchyard._—What exists of this is between the church and St. John Street, a narrow strip, about 320 square yards in extent, closed and paved with tiles and tombstones. Its laying out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association is in hand.

68. _Spa Fields Burial-ground_, Exmouth Street.—Originally a tea-garden, afterwards a burial-ground, managed by a private individual. It is the property of the Marquis of Northampton, is about 1¾ acres in extent, and in the evenings is occasionally used as a volunteer drill-ground. In 1885 the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association laid it out as a playground, and the London County Council maintains it.

ST. PANCRAS.

69. _St. Pancras Burial-ground_, Pancras Road.

70. _St. Giles in The Fields Burial-ground_, Pancras Road.—These two grounds now form one garden, about 6 acres in extent, maintained with much care for the use of the public by St. Pancras Vestry. St. Giles’ ground dates from 1803, but the other is much older. In 1889 part of St. Pancras ground was acquired under a special Act by the Midland Railway Company. This part was, in 1791, assigned to the French _Émigrés_, and many celebrated Frenchmen and Roman Catholics were buried there. Part of it has not actually been built upon, as the railway goes over it on arches. There are many high stacks of tombstones in the garden, and a “trophy” and a “dome” of headstones, numbering 496, which were taken from the part acquired by the railway.

71. _St. Martin’s in the Fields Burial-ground_ in Pratt Street.—1¾ acres. This was consecrated in 1805. It is now a well-kept public garden under the control of the St. Pancras Vestry. A part appears to have been appropriated as a private garden for the almshouses and as a site for a chapel and other buildings.

72. _St. James’s Burial-ground_, Hampstead Road.—This belongs to the parish of St. James, Piccadilly. It was laid out as a public garden in 1887, and is maintained by the St. Pancras Vestry, a large slice at the east end having been taken off for public improvements. The remaining portion measures about 3 acres.

73. _St. Andrew’s Burial-ground_, Gray’s Inn Road.—1¼ acres. This ground belongs to the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, adjoins the church of Holy Trinity, and is maintained as a public garden by the St. Pancras Vestry. It is well kept, except a railed-off piece south of the church, which is a sort of lumber-room.

74. _The Burial-ground of St. George’s_, Bloomsbury.

75. _The Burial-ground of St. George the Martyr_, Bloomsbury.—These are out of Wakefield Street, Gray’s Inn Road, and together form one public garden maintained by the St. Pancras Vestry, and very well kept. A part of the latter, which was consecrated in 1714, is still closed. Each ground is 1¼ acres in extent. There are vaults under the church in Hart Street.

76. _Whitfield’s Tabernacle Burial-ground_, Tottenham Court Road.—Somewhat less than ½ acre. The London County Council opened it as a public garden in February, 1895. It is said that in 97 years upwards of 30,000 bodies were interred in this ground.

77. _Wesleyan Chapel-ground_, Liverpool Street, King’s Cross.—An untidy little closed yard at the west end of the chapel containing two tombstones and much rubbish, and measuring about 225 square yards.

78. _St. James’s Cemetery_, Highgate.—38 acres. First used in 1839. In 50 years 76,000 interments had taken place. It is in two portions and situated on a steep slope. Open daily.

ISLINGTON.

79. _St. Mary’s Churchyard._—1⅓ acres. This ground was enlarged in 1793, and was laid out as a public garden in 1885. It is maintained by the vicar and churchwardens.

80. _Additional ground round the Chapel of Ease in Holloway Road._—4 acres. This is also laid out as a public garden, and is beautifully kept by the Islington Vestry.

81. _Burial-ground of St. John’s Roman Catholic Church_, Duncan Row.—½ acre. A strip at the northern end of this ground is railed off with some tombstones in it, the remainder being tar-paved and used as a playground for the boys’ Roman Catholic school.

82. _Islington Chapel-ground_, Church Street (also called Little Bunhill Fields).—The original chapel was built in 1788, and had a small graveyard. In 1817 the Rev. Evan Jones bought the garden of 5, Church Row, and added it to this graveyard, the whole ground being nearly 1 acre in extent. It is now in several divisions, part is a yard belonging to the General Post Office, and the other parts are let and sold as builders’ yards, or are vacant.

83. _Maberley Chapel-ground_, Ball’s Pond Road.—Now called Earlham Hall. The ground is about 270 square yards, between the chapel and the road. It is closed and bare.

84. _Jewish Burial-ground_, Ball’s Pond.—1¼ acres. This belongs to the West London Synagogue, is very neatly kept, and is still in use. It is full of very large tombstones.

ST. LUKE’S.

85. _St. Luke’s Churchyard_, Old Street.—In two parts. Size of the whole ground, nearly 1¾ acres. The piece round the church is closed, and full of large altar tombs, ivy being planted most profusely. There is a great deal of rubbish in it. The part on the north side was laid out as a public garden in 1878, and is maintained by the vestry.

86. _The Poor ground_, Bath Street.—¼ acre. This was originally larger than it is now. It was consecrated in 1662 for the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate, and called the pest-house ground. After 1732, when St. Luke’s parish was formed, it was used by that parish. Now it is neatly laid out and used as a recreation ground by the patients of the St. Luke’s Asylum. It is ¼ acre in extent.

87. _Wesleyan Chapel-ground_, City Road.—½ acre. The part in front of the chapel is neatly kept, but the part behind is closed and not so tidy. Wesley himself was buried in a vault here.

88. _Bunhill Fields._—5 or 6 acres. This was originally two grounds, the southern part having been intended for burials in the Great Plague, but not being used was let by the Corporation to a Mr. John Tyndall, who carried it on as a private cemetery. Subsequently the northern part was added, and the whole ground extensively used for the interment of Dissenters. The Corporation maintain it as a public garden, but the tombstones have not been moved, and only the gates at the eastern end are generally open.

89. _The Friends Burial-ground_, Bunhill Row.—Acquired in 1661, many times added to, and chiefly used by the Friends of the Peel and Bull-and-Mouth divisions. In 1840 a school was built in it. The existing portion is about ½ acre in size, and is neatly kept as a private garden; but the remainder was used as the site for a Board School, a coffee palace, houses and shops, including the Bunhill Fields Memorial Buildings, erected in 1881.

90. _St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Ground_, Seward Street.—⅓ acre. This was used for the interment of the unclaimed bodies. After being closed it was let as a carter’s yard until it was laid out as a public playground by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1891. It is maintained by St. Luke’s Vestry.

91. _Cripplegate Poor ground_, Whitecross Street.—It was called the “upper churchyard” of St. Giles, and was first used in 1636. It was very much overcrowded, the fees being low. A part of the site is occupied by the church and mission-house of St. Mary, Charterhouse, erected in 1864, and only a very small courtyard now exists between these buildings, with a large vault.

92. _The City Bunhill (or Golden Lane) Burial-ground._—¼ acres. This was the site of a brewery, and set aside for burials in 1833. About one-third of it is in the City. It is now divided. One part is in the occupation of Messrs. Sutton and Co., carriers, and is full of sheds and carts, the greater part being roofed in, and the southern part has the City mortuary and coroner’s court on it. What is unbuilt upon is a neat, private yard between these two buildings. It was closed for burials in 1853.

SHOREDITCH.

93. _St. Leonard’s Churchyard._—1½ acres. Maintained as a public garden by the Shoreditch Vestry. It is, I believe, partly in Bethnal Green.

94. _Old Burial-ground_, Hackney Road.—½ acre. This has an ancient watch-house in it, which was subsequently used as a cholera hospital. In 1892 the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association laid it out as a public playground, and it is maintained by the Burial Board.

95. _Holywell Mount Burial-ground._—Behind St. James’s Church, Curtain Road, which occupies the site of a theatre of Shakespeare’s time. The ground is very old, and was much used at the time of plagues, and many actors are buried there. There is only about ⅓ acre left, the greater part having been used as the site for a parish room, and this is a timber-yard approached from Holywell Row.

96. _St. Mary’s Churchyard_, Haggerston.—1⅓ acre. This is maintained by the Shoreditch Burial Board as a public garden, open during the summer. It was laid out by the Earl and Countess of Meath in 1882.

97. _St. John’s Churchyard_, Hoxton.—1¼ acres. Also maintained by the Shoreditch Burial Board, and laid out by the Earl and Countess of Meath.

98. _Jewish Burial-ground_, Hoxton Street.—¼ acre. This belongs to the United Synagogue, and was used from 1700 till 1795. There is no grass, but many tombstones, and some one is sent four times a year to clear away the weeds, &c. It is not a tidy ground.

HACKNEY.

99. _St. John at Hackney Churchyard._—6 acres. This includes an older ground, attached to the original church of St. Augustine, of which the tower still remains. Part of the churchyard is laid out as a public garden, and is neatly kept by the Hackney District Board of Works, but the newer part to the south of the church is still full of tombstones and rather untidy grass. The newest part of all, “the poor ground,” which is at the extreme southern end, is laid out for the use of children.

100. _West Hackney Churchyard_, Stoke Newington Road.—Nearly 1½ acres. This was consecrated in 1824, and laid out as a public garden in 1885. It is maintained by the Hackney District Board of Works.

101. _St. Barnabas’s Churchyard_, Homerton.—¾ acre. This ground is not open, but a good deal of care is shown in its management. In 1884 the Easter offerings were devoted to its improvement, and many tombstones were then laid flat.

102. _St. John of Jerusalem Churchyard_, South Hackney.—About ¾ acre. This was consecrated in 1831. It is full of tombstones, and the grass is not well kept, but it is usually open for people to pass through. It was closed for burials in 1868.

103. _Wells Street Burial-ground._—This contains the site of the original South Hackney Church. It was laid out as a public garden in 1885, and is very neatly kept by the Hackney District Board of Works. Nearly ¾ acre.

104. _Independent Chapel-ground_, Mare Street (also called St. Thomas’ Square Burial-ground).—⅔ acre. Laid out in 1888, and maintained by the Hackney District Board of Works, who paid, £100 for a passage to join this ground with No. 103, one caretaker managing both of them. It is very bright and neat. The ornamental shelter occupies the site of a previous building.

105. _Baptist Chapel-ground_, Mare Street.—About 500 square yards at the back of the chapel. There are several tombstones tumbling about, and the ground is very untidy.

106. _New Gravel Pit Chapel-ground_, Chatham Place, attached to the Unitarian Church.—¾ acre. This is full of tombstones and fairly tidy. The gate is usually open, the chapel-keeper living behind the chapel, and having a green-house and fowl-house, &c., in the ground.

107. _Retreat Place._—A garden in front of 12 almshouses, founded in 1812 “for the widows of Dissenting ministers professing Calvinistic doctrines.” Samuel Robinson, the founder, and his wife, are buried in the middle of the garden.

108. _Jewish Burial-ground_, Grove-street.—2¼ acres. This belongs to the United Synagogue, and was purchased in 1788. It is closed and full of erect tombstones, and has some trees and flower-beds near the entrance.

STOKE NEWINGTON.

109. _St. Mary’s Churchyard_, Stoke Newington.—¾ acre. A very pretty ground round the old church, but not laid out or opened.

110. _Friend’s Burial-ground_, Park Street, Stoke Newington, adjoining the meeting-house.—¾ acre. This was bought in 1827, and enlarged in 1849. It is still in use and neatly kept, but not open to the public.

111. _Abney Park Cemetery._—32 acres. First used in 1840. Neatly kept and open daily, being chiefly used by Dissenters. It is crowded with tombstones.

BETHNAL GREEN.

112. _St. Matthew’s Churchyard._—About 2 acres. This was consecrated in 1746, and was much overcrowded. A mortuary was built in it some years ago. There are vaults under the schools as well as the church. It is closed, but negotiations are on foot respecting its conversion into a garden.

113. _St. Peter’s Churchyard_, Hackney Road.—¼ acre. This churchyard is maintained as a public garden by the vicar, who opens it during the summer months. There are not many tombstones.

114. _St. Bartholomew’s Churchyard_, near Cambridge Road.—Nearly an acre. This was laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1885, and is maintained by the London County Council. It is immensely appreciated.

115. _St. James the Less Churchyard_, Old Ford Road.—Over an acre. Closed and considerably below the church. It contains about 10 tombstones, and several cocks and hens live in it. It is bare and damp.

116. _Providence Chapel Burial-ground_, Shoreditch Tabernacle, Hackney Road, was built on the site of the chapel. Part of the graveyard exists as a tar-paved yard or passage by the Tabernacle, with 4 tombstones against the walls.

117. _Victoria Park Cemetery._—11 acres. This is maintained as a public garden by the London County Council, having been laid out in 1894 by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association. It was formed in 1845, and used for 40 years. Before being laid out it was a most dreary, neglected-looking place; the soil is a heavy clay, and there used to be large wet lumps lying about all over the ground. At a burial in 1884 the clerk brought a handful of earth out of his pocket to throw upon the coffin. Now it is a bright, useful, little park, and is called Meath Gardens.

118. _Peel Grove Burial-ground_ (also called North-East London Cemetery, Cambridge Heath or Road Burial-ground and Keldy’s Ground). According to a return in 1855 it was 4 acres in extent, but now there is hardly one acre. It is in the occupation of J. Glover and Sons, dealers in building materials, and is full of wood, pipes, &c. There are some sheds in it. It was a private ground, formed 100 years ago, and was very much crowded. The late Metropolitan Board of Works saved the existing part from being built over. Before its present use it was often let out for shows, fairs, &c.

119. _Gibraltar Walk Burial-ground_, Bethnal Green Road.—Another private ground, formed about 100 years ago. It belongs to a lady who lives in the house which opens into it, and who has let pieces of it as yards for the shops and houses round. It is full of shrubs, trees, and weeds, and covered with rubbish, and is about ¾ acre in size.

120. _Jewish Burial-ground_, Brady Street.—This existed 100 years ago, and belongs to the United Synagogue. I believe it is about 4 acres. It is crowded with upright gravestones, and there are no properly made paths, but it is covered with neglected grass. Part of it is higher than the rest, the soil having been raised and the ground having been used a second time. This was the “Strangers’” portion.

WHITECHAPEL.

121. _St. Mary’s Churchyard._—¾ acre. This is a very old churchyard, and was much overcrowded. It is maintained by the rector as a garden, but a charge of 1d. is made for entrance. It is neatly laid out.

122. _Additional ground, Whitechapel Road_, entrance in St. Mary’s Street.—This was called the workhouse burial-ground, the workhouse having been built in 1768 upon a former graveyard, and this piece to the north of it having then been set aside for interments and consecrated in 1796. The workhouse site was built upon some years ago, and the burial-ground became the playground of the Davenant Schools, one of which, the one facing St. Mary’s Street, was built in it. In the order for closing it, dated May 9, 1853, it is called the Whitechapel Workhouse and Schools Ground. It is difficult to say exactly how far east the burial-ground extended, but from the Ordnance map and some older plans it would appear that the recent addition to the school in Whitechapel Road has been built in the burial-ground. In 1833 the size was given as 2,776 square yards, but it was stated that in 1832 196 cholera cases were interred in an adjoining piece of ground. This is probably what is now used as a stoneyard, with carts in it.

123. _Christ Church Churchyard_, Spitalfields.—1¾ acres. Laid out as a public garden by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1892, the association having undertaken to maintain it for 5 years.

124. _St. Peter and Vincula Churchyard_, in the Tower.—This, with the vaults under the church, was used for the interment of distinguished prisoners. It is a part of the great courtyard, and is about 525 square yards in extent.

125. _Holy Trinity Churchyard_, Minories.—A burial-ground possibly dating back to 1348. It has been added to the roadway of Church Street, some posts showing its boundaries. It was about 302 square yards in extent. Part has been built upon.

126. _Aldgate Burial-ground_, Cartwright Street.—This belongs to the parish of St. Botolph, Aldgate, and was consecrated in 1615. At the beginning of this century it was covered with small houses, the Weigh House School being built on it in 1846. The rookery was cleared by the Metropolitan Board of Works, and Darby Street was made, gravestones and remains being then discovered. The Metropolitan Public Gardens Association informed the Board of the former existence of a burial-ground, with the result that what remained of the burial-ground was not built upon, but was made into an asphalted playground, about ⅛ acre in extent, for the children of the adjoining block of tenements.

127. _German Lutheran Church_, Little Alie Street.—A small yard exists at the back of the church. Closed.

128. _Friends Burial-ground_, Baker’s Row.—Very nearly an acre. This belonged to the Friends of the Devonshire House division, who acquired it in 1687. It is leased by the society to the Whitechapel District Board of Works, who maintain it as a public recreation ground. It is well laid out and well kept, being chiefly used by children.

129. _Mile End New Town Burial-ground_, Hanbury Street.—This adjoined the chapel, and extended from Hanbury Street to Old Montague Street. A school and other buildings have been erected in it, and all that is left is a paved yard, about 250 square yards in size, on the west side of the chapel.

130. _Sheen’s Burial-ground_, Church Lane.—A private ground, immensely used. It seems to have been at one time used by the congregation of the Baptists in Little Alie Street, and was then called “Mr. Brittain’s burial-ground.” If so it existed in 1763. After being closed for burials it was used as a cooperage, and now it is Messrs. Fairclough’s yard, and full of carts and sheds, &c. A new stable was built in 1894, but the London County Council declined to prevent its erection. The size of the ground is about ½ acre.

131. _The Landon Hospital Burial-ground._—In a plan of 1849 the whole of the southern part of the enclosure is marked as a burial-ground, which would be 1½ acres in extent. It was closed on November 25, 1853, but at the hospital it is stated that bodies were interred there after 1859, though not after 1864. Since then the medical school, the chaplain’s house, and the nurses’ home have been built in it. The remaining part of the ground is used as a garden and tennis-lawn for the students and nurses.

ST. GEORGE’S IN THE EAST.

132. _St. George’s Churchyard._—Dates from about 1730. The wall between this ground and the next one was taken down in 1875, and the two grounds were laid out as a public garden. They are maintained by the vestry, and, although in a densely crowded district, are beautifully kept. The size of the whole garden, consisting of the two graveyards, is about 3 acres.

133. _St. George’s Wesleyan Chapel-ground_, Cable Street.—This forms one garden with the above.

134. _New Road Congregational Chapel-yard_, Cannon Street Road, between Lower and Upper Chapman Streets.—This was a much-used burial-ground, part of which has been covered with sheds and houses. What is left is about ⅓ acre in extent. The chapel was bought in 1832, and became Trinity Episcopal Chapel, and was subsequently removed and its site used for the new building of Raine’s School. The burial-ground is in three parts, viz., the playground of the school, a cooper’s yard, belonging to Messrs. Hasted and Sons, and a carter’s yard of Messrs. Seaward Brothers.

135. _Danish Burial-ground_, Wellclose Square.—The Danish (or Mariners’) Church has been supplanted by the Schools of St. Paul’s, London Docks, and the whole of the garden is neatly laid out, and used as a private ground for the people who look after the schools, the crèche, &c. There are no tombstones now, and it is possible that only an enclosure round the church was used, like the railed-in enclosure in Prince’s Square.

136. _Swedish Burial-ground_, Prince’s Square.—Round the Eleanora Church, over ½ acre in size. It is very neatly laid out and well kept, and contains many tombstones.

137. _Ebenezer Chapel Burial-ground_, St. George’s Street.—This was described in 1839 as being very much overcrowded. The chapel has been used us a school, but is now deserted, the small yard on the south side of it is used as a timber-yard and closed. About 220 square yards.

138. _Congregational Chapel-ground_, Old Gravel Lane.—140 square yards. Closed, bare, and untidy, with two gravestones against the wall.

139. _Baptist Burial-ground_, Broad Street, Wapping.—Mentioned by Maitland in 1756, and shown on Rocque’s plan. The chapel has gone, but part of the adjoining yard exists as a small yard belonging to a milkman. Before he bought it it was the parish stoneyard. It is about 200 square yards in size. I have little doubt that this is a burial-ground.

140. _Roman Catholic Burial-ground_, Commercial Road.—The tombstones are flat and the ground is used as a private garden for the priests. It is about ½ acre in extent.

LIMEHOUSE.

141. _St. Anne’s Churchyard._—3 acres. Consecrated 1730, and since enlarged, but in 1800 a piece was cut of for Commercial Road, the bodies being removed south of the church. Laid out as a public garden by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1887, and now maintained by the London County Council. It is nearly kept, except the private passage to the mortuary.

142. _St. Paul’s Churchyard_, Shadwell.—¾ acre. Consecrated in 1671, but used before that as a pest-field for Stepney. Laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1886, and now maintained and kept in good order by the London County Council.

143. _St. James’s Churchyard_, Ratcliff.—Nearly 1 acre. Laid out as a public garden by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1891, and maintained by the vicar.

144. _St. John’s Churchyard_, Wapping.—600 square yards. Consecrated in 1617. This ground used to be very low and full of water. It is closed and fairly tidy, having many large altar tombs in it.

145. _Additional ground opposite St. John’s Church._—Rather over ½ acre. This was one of the Stepney pest-fields. It is closed, but tidy. There are quantities of tombstones in this ground, many of which seem to be falling to pieces, and an unusual number of trees and flowering shrubs.

146. _Friends Burial-ground_, Brook Street. Ratcliff.—800 square yards. This is approached through the house on the south side of the meeting-house. It was acquired by the Society of Friends in 1666 or 1667, the land being originally copyhold, but enfranchised in 1734 for £21. It is neatly kept, and has four small upright stones.

147. _Brunswick Wesleyan Chapel-ground_, Three Colt Lane.—Approached by a passage at the back of the chapel. It is about 450 square yards in size, and is used as a private garden. There are vaults under the chapel and three tombstones. It is said that about 1,000 bodies were buried here, the last interment taking place in 1849.

MILE END OLD TOWN.

148. _St. Dunstan’s Churchyard Stepney._—About 6 acres, or rather more. At the time of the Great Plague about 150 bodies were interred here daily, and several extra grounds were provided for the parish. It was laid out as a public garden in 1887 by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association. It is a most useful and shady ground, and is very neatly kept by the London County Council.

149. _Stepney Meeting-House Burial-ground_, White Horse Street (also called the Almshouse ground and Ratcliff Workhouse ground).—There are many tombstones and the ground is fairly tidy. The gate is generally open, as the entrance to the almshouses is through it. Size ½ acre.

150. _Holy Trinity Churchyard_, Tredegar Square.—¾ acre. Laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1887, and maintained by the London County Council. The gravestones have not been moved, and some of the graves are still occasionally used, though no new ones are dug.

151. _Wycliffe Chapel Burial-ground_, Philport Street, Stepney.—¾ acre. This dates From 1831, and is behind the chapel and the Scotch church. It is full of tombstones, closed and untidy. Chadwick divides it into a part belonging to the chapel and a larger part belonging to the Scotch church, but it appears to be all one now, and is in the hands of the elders of Wycliffe Chapel.

152. _Globe Road Chapel Burial-ground_, also called Mile End Cemetery.—The chapel is now Gordon Hall, and belongs to Dr. Stephenson of the Children’s Homes. The burial-ground is in private hands. The ground was very much overcrowded, and there were vaults under the chapel, the schools and the sexton’s house, but all the part south of the chapel was taken by the Great Eastern Railway Company. The existing piece is about 670 square yards in extent, is closed and most untidy, quantities of rubbish lying about amongst the tombstones.

153. _East London Cemetery_, Shandy Street, also called the Beaumont Burial-ground.—2¼ acres. This was much crowded. It was laid out as a playground by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1885, and is maintained by the London County Council.

154. _Burial-ground of the Bancroft Almshouses_, Mile End Road.—The People’s Palace is on the site of the almshouses, and part of the burial-ground has been merged into the roadway on the east side of the palace. St. Benet’s Church, Hall and Vicarage were built in this ground, the church being consecrated in 1872. Three pieces still exist, in all less than ½ acre; one is the vicarage garden, another is open to the road, and the northern point is closed and roofed over, forming a little yard where flag-staff’s, &c., are stored. The open part is also a store-yard, having heaps of stones in it, besides much rubbish. There are gravestones against the wall.

155. _Stepney Pest-field._—Many acres to the south of the London Hospital were used for interments at the time of the plague, and the Brewers’ Garden and the space by St. Philip’s Church are, according to some authorities, part of the site originally called Stepney Mount. At the Home Office it is believed that there have been no burials in the ground round St. Philip’s, nor have there since it was St. Philip’s churchyard; but I think there were long before the first St. Philip’s Church or the Brewers’ Almshouses existed. The Brewers’ Garden is open to the public at a charge of 1d.

156. _Jewish Burial-ground_, 70, Bancroft Road.—About 1,650 square yards. This ground belongs to the Maiden Lane Synagogue, and is crowded with upright gravestones. The grass is neglected. Burials still take place. It is in a densely-populated district.

157. _Jewish Burial-ground_, Alderney Road.—1 acre. Formed in 1700, enlarged in 1733. Belongs to the United Synagogue. The tombstones are upright, and they are not so thick as in most of the Jewish grounds, while the grass is kept more neatly.

158. _Jewish Burial-ground_, Mile End Road.—This ground is nearly ¾ acre in extent, and is at the back of the Beth Holim Hospital. It belongs to the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, the tombstones are flat, there are several trees, and the ground is very neatly kept. Part of the graveyard (where it is said that there have been no interments) has some seats in it, and is used by the patients of the hospital as a garden.

159. _Jewish Cemetery_, Mile End Road.—4¾ acres. This belongs to the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, and is still in use. The gravestones are flat ones and low altar tombs, and the ground is neatly kept, although very bare.

POPLAR.

160. _All Saints’ Churchyard._—Size, with that part which was used for the burial of cholera victims, on the other side of the road, 4 acres. The northern part of the churchyard was laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1893, the rector having undertaken to maintain it for a few years. It is much appreciated and well kept.

161. _St. Matthias’s Churchyard._—(This church was the chapel of the East India Dock Company, and is sometimes called Poplar Chapel.) 1¼ acres. It is in the middle of the Poplar Recreation Ground, closed and fairly tidy. There are many tombstones.

162. _St. Mary’s Churchyard_, Bow.—2,716 square yards. This is in two portions, the eastern one is closed, but the western one has been laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association and provided with seats, the rector maintaining it.

163. _St. Mary’s Churchyard_, Bromley-by-Bow, or Bromley St. Leonard.—This churchyard is 1¼ acres in size and is closed, but very neatly kept up by the parish, and has some tombstones of artistic value in it. Its opening as a public garden is under consideration.

164. _Baptist Chapel-ground_, Bow.—⅓ acre. Part of this ground is railed off as a private garden, the rest is used as a thoroughfare by the school-children. There are several tombstones, some of which have been put against the walls.

165. _Trinity Congregational Chapel-ground_, East India Dock Road.—⅓ acre. This was laid out in 1888 as a public garden, the minister of the chapel maintaining it. On his removal from the district it was closed and has not been re-opened.

166. _Roman Catholic ground_, Wade’s Place.—1,300 square yards. This belonged to St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church in Finsbury Circus, Moorfields, and was chiefly used for the poor Irish. It was a very damp, unwholesome ground. It is now used as a playground for the adjoining Roman Catholic school.

167. _City of London and Tower Hamlets Cemetery_ (partly in Mile End).—33 acres. First used in 1841. By 1889, 247,000 bodies had been interred here, many being buried in common graves. It is still in use and open daily, a regular ocean of tombstones, many of which are lying about, apparently uncared for and unclaimed; in fact, most of the graves, except those at the edges of the walks, look utterly neglected, and parts of the ground are very untidy. It is situated in a densely-populated district.

WANDSWORTH.

168. _All Saints’ Churchyard_, High Street.—¼ acre. This is closed, and is much more tidy at the eastern end than the western end.

169. _East Hill Burial-ground_, Wandsworth Road.—½ acre. This was consecrated in 1680, and many French Huguenots were buried in it. It is closed and fairly tidy.

170. _Garratt Lane Cemetery_, South Street, Wandsworth.—1¾ acres. This was consecrated in 1808. It is closed to the public, and closed for interments with the exception of widows, widowers, and parents of deceased persons already interred there. It is maintained by the Wandsworth Burial Board.

171. _Friends Burial-ground_, High Street, Wandsworth.—400 square yards. This is attached to the meeting-house, is closed and very neatly kept. There are a few upright tombstones.

172. _Baptist Burial-ground_, North Street, Wandsworth.—An untidy little closed yard with no tombstones in it and neglected grass. The chapel now belongs to the Salvation Army. I doubt if it was much used for burials, but, at any rate, there was one interment in 1854. It is about the same size as the Friends’ ground.

173. _Independent Burial-ground_, Wandsworth.—This is now a small tar-paved yard adjoining Memorial Hall, which was built on the site of an old chapel or school-house. There are a few trees.

174. _St. Mary’s Churchyard_, Putney.—½ acre. Closed and neatly kept.

175. _Putney Burial-ground_, Upper Richmond Road.—1 acre. This was a gift to the parish from the Rev. R. Pettiwand, and consecrated in 1763. It was laid out in 1886, but the tombstones were not moved, and many of them are dilapidated brick altar tombs. It is maintained for the public by the Putney Burial Board.

176. _St. Nicholas Churchyard_, Lower Tooting.—2 acres. This is still in use. It is open daily and kept in good order.

177. _Lower Tooting Chapel-ground._—231 square yards behind the chapel (Congregational in High Street) and about 30 square yards in front. Some tombstones. Chapel dates from 1688, and was founded by Daniel Defoe.

178. _St. Leonard’s Churchyard_, Streatham.—1¼ acres. The present church dates from 1831, but the churchyard is at least 100 years older. It is closed for burials and well planted with flowers, grass, and trees. The gates are sometimes open.

179. _St. Paul’s Churchyard_, Clapham, in the Wandsworth Road.—1½ acres. This is closed, and very full of tombstones. It is maintained by the Clapham Burial Board, but it is in a rather jungly condition.

180. _Union Chapel-ground_, Streatham Hill.—About 500 square yards. This is a neat little garden between the chapel and the schools, both of which have been rebuilt, the schools in 1878. There is a row of tombstones against the walls. It is generally closed.

181. _Wandsworth Cemetery._—12 acres. First used in 1878. Open daily.

182. _Lambeth Cemetery_, Tooting Graveney.—41 acres. First used in 1854. Open daily.

183. _Putney Cemetery._—3 acres. First used in 1855. This is an encroachment on a common.

BATTERSEA.

184. _St. Mary’s Churchyard._—¾ acre. Closed. The laying out of this ground is under consideration.

185. _St. George’s Churchyard_, Battersea Park Road.—¾ acre. This is closed, and in a very neglected condition. There are not many gravestones.

186. _Battersea Cemetery_, Bolingbroke Grove.—8½ acres. First used in 1860. Open daily.

LAMBETH.

187. _St. Mary’s Churchyard._—½ acre. A very old ground, enlarged in 1623 and 1820. It is very neatly laid out and the gates are left open, though there are no seats in it.

188. _Additional ground in High Street_ (also called Paradise Row burial-ground).—1½ acres. Given to the parish by Archbishop Tenison, and consecrated in 1705. It was laid out in 1884 by the Lambeth Vestry, who maintain it efficiently.

189. _St. John’s Churchyard_, Waterloo Bridge Road.—An acre in size. This was laid out as a garden and playground in 1877, and is well kept up by the Lambeth Vestry.

190. _St. Mark’s Churchyard_, Kennington.—1¾ acres. This is closed and full of tombstones, but neatly kept.

191. _Regent Street Baptist Chapel-ground_, Kennington Road.—A little ground at the back of the chapel, with a few tombstones and one great vault in it.

192. _Esher Street Congregational Chapel-ground_, Upper Kennington Lane.—About 480 square yards, closed, and very untidy.

193. _St. Matthew’s Churchyard_, Brixton.—2 acres. This dates from 1824. It is closed, but neatly kept.

194. _Denmark Row Chapel-ground_, Coldharbour Lane.—This has been partly built upon, and there is now only a small yard behind the chapel.

195. _Stockwell Green Congregational Chapel-ground._—¼ acre, or rather more. This is behind the chapel, and is a particularly neglected and untidy graveyard.

196. _St. Luke’s Churchyard_, Norwood.—1 acre. This dates from 1825. It is tidily kept, except the part near the station. The gate is generally open. The gravestones are in situ.

197. _Congregational Chapel-ground_, Chapel Road, Lower Norwood.—About ⅓ acre behind the chapel. It is closed, and has grass and a few tombstones in it.

198. _Norwood Cemetery_, 40 acres.—First used in 1838. Open daily, and fairly well kept. It is crowded with tombstones, and it includes a Greek cemetery and a burial-ground belonging to the parish of St. Mary at Hill, each about 550 square yards in size.

CAMBERWELL.

199. _St. Giles’s Churchyard._—3¼ acres. Enlarged in 1717, 1803, and 1825. Closed, full of tombstones, and not well kept.

200. _St. George’s Churchyard_, Well Street, Camberwell.—The church was consecrated in 1824, the ground being given by Mr. John Rolls. The churchyard measures about an acre, and was laid out in 1886 by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association. It is maintained by the vestry. A mortuary has been built on it.

201. _Dulwich Burial-ground_, Court Lane, the graveyard of God’s Gift College.—Size, 1½ roods. This ground dates from about 1700. It is closed and very neatly kept. There are several large altar tombs in it, and it is a most rural and picturesque spot.

202. _Wesleyan Chapel-ground._ Stafford Street, Peckham.—336 square yards. The chapel in now a school, the burial-ground being the playground, a paved yard.

203. _Friends Burial-ground_, Peckham Rye.—About 470 square yards. This ground was purchased in 1821, it is behind the meeting-house in Hanover Street, has some small flat gravestones in it, and is closed. It is most beautifully kept with neatly mown grass and a border of flowers.

204. _Camberwell Cemetery_, Forest Hill Road.—29½ acres. First used in 1856. Open daily.

205. _Nunhead Cemetery_ (All Saints’).—50 acres. First used in 1840. Open daily.

NEWINGTON.

206. _St. Mary’s Churchyard._—1¼ acres. This was enlarged in 1757 and 1834, and is now maintained as a public garden by the burial board, the freehold being vested in the rector. It is well laid out.

207. _St. Peter’s Churchyard_, Walworth.—1¼ acres. This is also maintained as a public garden by the Newington Burial Board, having been laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association, at the sole cost of the Goldsmiths’ Company, and opened in May, 1895.

208. _Sutherland Congregational Chapel-ground_, Walworth.—This is close to St. Peter’s, about 300 square yards in size, and closed. It has been somewhat encroached on by the school, which was enlarged in 1889. A few tombstones exist in the passage on the north side of the chapel and in the ground at the back. It is fairly tidy.

209. _York Street Chapel-ground_, Walworth.—About 700 square yards at the rear of the chapel and not visible from the street. It is closed and full of tombstones, but is to be laid out.

210. _East Street Baptist Chapel-ground_, Walworth.—About 400 square yards, with one tombstone in it. It is closed and very untidy.

211. _St. John’s Episcopal Chapel-ground_, Walworth.—In 1843 it was estimated at 6,400 square yards. The chapel is in Penrose Street, and is now the workshop of a scenic artist, the front wall having been heightened for the purpose of advertising the _South London Press_. The burial-ground is approached from Occupation Road, Manor Place, the railway line going across it on arches, and it is now the vestry depôt for carts, manure, gravel, &c. An adjoining plot is the site for the baths and washhouses. This ground is in danger of being encroached upon, and new bays for dust and other erections of the sort are often built in it.

212. _New Bunhill Fields_, Deverell Street, New Kent Road (also called Hoole and Martin’s).—¾ acre. This was a private speculation, and was most indecently crowded. Between 1820 and 1838 10,000 bodies were buried here, the vault under the chapel containing 1,800 coffins. The ground was closed in 1853, and it then became a timber-yard. The chapel now belongs to the Salvation Army, but the burial-ground is still “Deverell’s timber-yard,” and is covered with high stacks of timber. There are many sheds in it, and iron bars, &c.

ST. GEORGE THE MARTYR.

213. _St. George’s Churchyard_, Borough.—This is about an acre in size, and is maintained as a public garden by the rector and churchwardens, having been laid out in 1882. It is much used.

214. _St. George’s Recreation ground_, Tabard Street (the Lock burial-ground).—Rather over ¼ acre. This was originally the burial-ground of the Lock Hospital, which was pulled down in 1809, a portion of the site of the hospital and ground having been before then consecrated as a parish burial-ground. It was chiefly used for pauper burials, and was crowded with bodies. It is now a neat public garden, laid out by the vestry in 1887, and in the possession of the rector and churchwardens of St. George’s.

215. _Chapel Graveyard_, Collier’s Rents, Long Lane.—This is about 620 square yards in extent, and is on the north side of an old Baptist chapel, which now belongs to the Congregational Union. The ground dates from before 1719, and is closed. There are a few tombstones and grass, but it is not very well kept.

ST. SAVIOR’S, SOUTHWARK.

216. _St. Saviour’s Churchyard._—This ancient ground has been often enlarged and curtailed, and at times was used as a marketplace. What now exists is about ½ acre on the south side of the church, which is at present under restoration.

217. _Additional ground for St. Saviour’s_, called the College Yard or St. Saviour’s Almshouse Burial-ground, Park Street.—This existed before 1732. Size, ¼ acre. The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway goes over it on arches, and it is now the store-yard of Messrs. Stone and Humphries, builders. Most of it is roofed in, but it is not actually covered with buildings.

218. _Additional ground for St. Saviour’s_, called the Cross Bones, Redcross Street.—This was made, at least 250 years ago, “far from the parish church,” for the interment of the low women who frequented the neighbourhood. It was subsequently used as the pauper ground, and was crowded to excess. Nevertheless two schools were built in it. The remaining piece is about 1,000 square yards. It has frequently been offered for sale as a building site, and has formed the subject for much litigation. It is made a partial use of by being let for fairs, swings, &c. It was sold as a building site in 1883, but, not having been used by 1884, the sale was declared (under the Disused Burial-grounds Act) null and void.

219. _Christ Church Churchyard_, Blackfriars Bridge Road.—1½ acres. This dates from about 1737, and has been enlarged. An infant school was built in it. It is closed, and not laid out.

220. _Deadman’s Place Burial-ground._ Deadman’s Place is now called Park Street.—This ground was originally used for the interment of large numbers of victims to the plague. Then it became the graveyard of an adjoining Independent chapel, and was extensively used for the interment of ministers, being a sort of Bunhill Fields for South London. Now it is merely one of the yards over which trucks run on rails, in the middle of the large brewery belonging to Messrs. Barclay and Perkins, about ½ acre in extent. It existed as a burial-ground in 1839, but not, I believe, in 1843.

221. _Baptist Burial-ground_, Bandy Leg Walk (subsequently called Guildford Street).—There was such a ground in 1729. In 1807 there existed the St. Saviour’s Workhouse, with a burial-ground on the east side of it which, from its position, may have coincided with the Baptists’ ground, and what is now left of the burial-ground is a garden or courtyard, about 1,000 square yards in size, between the new buildings of the Central Fire Brigade Station, Southwark Bridge Road, and the old house behind them. It is entered through the large archway.

ST. OLAVE’S.

222. _St. Olave’s Churchyard_, Tooley Street.—A stone-paved yard, 634 square yards in extent, between the church and the river. Closed.

223. _Additional ground to St. Olave’s and to St. John’s_, Horselydown, near St. John’s Church.—About ½ acre, with a few tombstones in it. This was laid out in 1888, being chiefly asphalted, and is maintained as a recreation ground by the Board of Works For the St. Olave’s District. It is well used and neatly kept.

224. _St. John’s Churchyard_, Horselydown.—Nearly 2 acres. Laid out as a public garden in 1882, and maintained by the St. Olave’s Board.

225. _St. Thomas’s Churchyard._—This does not adjoin the church, but is behind the houses opposite. Size about 787 square yards. It belongs to St. Thomas’s Hospital, and is used as a private garden by a house in St. Thomas’ Street.

226. _St. Thomas’s Hospital Burial-ground_, St. Thomas’ Street.—Part of this has been covered by St. Olave’s Rectory and Messrs. Bevington’s leather warehouse. The remaining piece measures about 1,770 square yards, and is an asphalted tennis-court and garden for the students of Guy’s Hospital, the building in it being the treasurer’s stables. It belongs to St. Thomas’s Hospital, and is leased to Guy’s.

227. _Butler’s Burial-ground_, Horselydown.—This was made about 1822, the entrance being in Coxon’s (late Butler’s) Place, and was 1,440 square yards in size. It is now Zurhoorst’s cooperage and is full of barrels. A small piece, which I believe was a part of the burial-ground, is a yard belonging to a builder named Field. There were vaults running under four dwelling-houses. These still exist, and are under the houses next to the entrance to Mr. Field’s yard.

BERMONDSEY.

228. _St. Mary Magdalene’s Churchyard._—Rather over 1½ acres. This was enlarged in 1783 and 1810, and contains the remains of an ancient cemetery belonging to Bermondsey Abbey. It is maintained as a public garden by the vestry, the rector reserving certain rights. It is well laid out, and forms a most useful and attractive garden.

229. _St. James’s Churchyard_, Bermondsey, Jamaica Road.—1¾ acres. It was extensively used for a drying-ground for clean clothes when the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association secured it in 1886, and laid it out as a garden. It is maintained by the vestry.

230. _Roman Catholic Ground_, Parker’s Row.—The land was given for the purpose in 1833 or 1834. The ground between the church and the road measures about 300 square yards, and was very much overcrowded. It is closed and untidy, with no tombstones. Burials also took place in the garden, which is used as a recreation ground for the schools, and is neatly kept.

231. _Southwark Chapel Graveyard_ (_Wesleyan_), Long Lane.—900 square yards. This is on the west side of the chapel, which dates from 1808. It is closed, and contains a few gravestones and a hen-coop.

232. _Guy’s Hospital Burial-ground_, Nelson Street.—This is nearly 200 years old, and is rather over ½ acre. Since being closed for burials it has been let as a builder’s yard. The Bermondsey Vestry is now negotiating for its purchase as a recreation ground.

233. _Friends Burial-ground_, Long Lane.—¼ acre. This was bought in 1697 for £120. It was closed in 1844, but in 1860 a large number of coffins, &c., were brought there and interred when Southwark Street was made and the Worcester Street burial-ground annihilated. It is being laid out for the public, and will be maintained by the Bermondsey Vestry, who have it on lease from the Society of Friends. There are no gravestones in it.

234. _Ebenezer Burial-ground_, Long Lane.—This adjoins the above ground, and it is hoped that it may eventually be added to the garden. It was formed about 100 years ago. It originally belonged to the Independent Chapel in Beck Street, Horselydown, and subsequently to the trustees of Ebenezer Baptist Chapel. There is a “minister’s vault” in the centre. It is closed and untidy, 220 square yards in extent.

ROTHERHITHE.

235. _St. Mary’s Churchyard._—¾ acre. This is closed, except on Sundays. It is full of tombstones and kept in good order.

236. _Additional ground in Church Street._—1¼ acres. This is also only open on Sundays, and is fairly tidy.

237. _Christ Church Churchyard_, Union Road.—700 square yards. This is closed, and there are no tombstones on the north side of the church. The south side is rather untidy, except round the grave of General Sir William Gomm, who gave the ground for the church (being Lord of the Manor), where there is a patch of good grass and flowers.

238. _All Saints’ Churchyard_, Deptford Lower Road.—Nearly 1 acre. This land was given by Sir William Gomm in 1840, and was used for 17 years. It is closed, and wooden palings separate it from the ground in front of the church. It is not well kept.

239. _Holy Trinity Churchyard_, near Commercial Docks Pier.—About 1 acre. Consecrated in 1838. This ground was also only used for 20 years; a part of it is railed of for the vicarage garden, where probably no interments took place. It was laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1885, and taken over by the London County Council in 1896. It is a very attractive, shady garden.

GREENWICH.

240. _St. Alphege Churchyard._—Enlarged in 1716, 1774, and 1808. Size 2,740 square yards. This was laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association in 1889, and is maintained by the Greenwich District Board of Works. There are no seats in it.

241. _Additional ground_, separated from the above by a public footpath.—This is 2½ acres, and was consecrated in 1833. It was laid out in 1889 by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association, and is maintained by the Greenwich District Board of Works. There are plenty of seats in it, and it is well used and neatly kept.

242. _St. Nicholas Churchyard_, Deptford.—¾ acre. This is closed and full of tombstones, but fairly tidy.

243. _Additional ground_, Wellington Street.—¾ acre. This ground, belonging to the parish of St. Nicholas, was laid out in 1884 by the Kyrle Society, and is very well kept up by the Greenwich District Board of Works, who have lately acquired a piece of adjoining land to be added to the recreation ground.

244. _St. Paul’s Churchyard_, Deptford.—2½ acres. This is vested in the rector, and maintained by the Deptford Burial Board. The gravestones are not moved, but there are a few seats in the ground, which is open to the public.

245. _Baptist (Unitarian) Chapel Burial-ground_, Church Street.—This touches the above, and is about ¼ acre. It is closed, the railings and gravestones are broken, and there is a quantity of rubbish lying about.

246. _Friends Burial-ground_, High Street, Deptford.—About 360 square yards. This is behind the meeting-house and closed. It is neatly kept and only contains one gravestone.

247. _Congregational Chapel Burial-ground_, High Street, Deptford.—About 400 square yards. This is closed, but neatly laid out, and there are gravestones against the walls.

248. _Congregational Chapel-ground_, Greenwich Road.—¼ acre, or rather less. This dates from 1800. The gate is often open, and the gravestones are flat or against the walls, but it is a bare, uninteresting-looking ground.

249. _Congregational Chapel-ground_, Maze Hill, Greenwich.—A rather neglected-looking ground in Park Place, with several flat tombstones, about 500 square yards in size.

250. _Greenwich Hospital Burial-ground._—This adjoins the Royal Naval Schools, and measures about 4 acres. An inner enclosure is full of tombstones, but the outer part has only some monuments in it. It is very well kept, with splendid trees and good grass, and the gate from the school playground is generally open.

251. _Greenwich Hospital Cemetery._––In Westcombe. This is nearly 6 acres in size, and was first used in 1857.

LEWISHAM.

252. _St. Mary’s Churchyard._—2 acres. Laid out as a public garden in 1886, and maintained by the Lewisham District Board of Works.

253. _St. Bartholomew’s Churchyard_, Sydenham.—¾ acre. Closed for interments. This is beautifully kept and is a very pretty ground. The gates are generally open, but there are no seats.

254. _Deptford Cemetery._—17 acres. First used in 1858. By 1889, 50,000 bodies had been interred there.

255. _Lewisham Cemetery._––15½ acres, of which 4 are reserved and let as a market-garden. First used 1858.

256. _Lee Cemetery._—In Hither Green. 10 acres, of which 4 are in reserve. First used 1873. These are open daily.

PLUMSTEAD.

257. _St. Nicholas’s Churchyard._—Still in use for burials, but under regulation. It is open daily, and measures about 4 acres.

258. _Woolwich Cemetery_, Wickham Lane. (Partly outside the boundary of Plumstead.)—32 acres. First used in 1856. Open daily.

259. _Plumstead Cemetery_, Wickham Lane.—32¼ acres. First used 1890. Open daily.

LEE.

260. _St. John the Baptist Churchyard_, Lee, Eltham.—3 acres. This is also in use, but under regulation, and is open daily.

261. _St. Margaret’s Churchyard_, Lee.—Still in use, open daily, and very neatly kept. It is about 1½ acres in size.

262. _The Old Churchyard_, Lee.—This is opposite St. Margaret’s, and contains the ruins of the old church. It is full of tombstones and neatly kept. It is generally open, but has no seats in it.

263. _St. Luke’s Churchyard_, Charlton.—½ acre. This is full of tombstones and closed, but very neatly kept. Burials occasionally take place in existing vaults, but in each case permission has to be obtained from the Home Secretary.

264. _St. Thomas’s Churchyard_, Charlton.—On the borders of Woolwich. Nearly an acre. This churchyard was in use for burials in 1854 when it was put under regulation.

265. _Morden College Cemetery_, Blackheath.—¼ acre. Closed. Neatly kept. Contains about 80 tombstones. The college was founded about 1695.

266. _Charlton Cemetery._—8 acres. First used in 1855. Open daily.

267. _Greenwich Cemetery._—15 acres. Open daily.

WOOLWICH.

268. _St. Mary’s Churchyard._—Over 3 acres. In a fine situation overlooking the river. Laid out as a public garden by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association, at the cost of Mr. Passmore Edwards, and opened in May, 1895. It is maintained by the Woolwich Local Board.

269. _Enon Chapel-yard_, High Street.—112 square yards. A tar-paved and closed yard, with some tombstones against the walls.

270. _Union Chapel Graveyard_, Sun Street.—⅓ acre. This is closed. There is a very bad fence round it, and it looks uncared for. Negotiations are on foot to secure it for the public.

271. _Salem Chapel-yard_, Powis Street.—300 square yards. Eighteen or twenty years ago the London School Board took the chapel and adapted it as a school. It is now the infant school, other buildings having been added, and the graveyard is a tar-paved passage used as a playground.

272. _Wesleyan Chapel-yard_, William Street.—¼ acre. Here a school building has evidently encroached upon the burial-ground. There are several gravestones, and it is fairly tidy, the gate being often open.

273. _Roman Catholic Ground_, New Road.—This also has probably been encroached upon. What now exists is a yard, ¼ acre in size, between the school and the Roman Catholic church, with three graves in one enclosure in the middle. The gate is open during school hours.

THE CITY.

I. Burial-grounds which are laid out as public recreation grounds—

274. _St. Paul’s Cathedral Churchyard._—Used as a burial-place since Roman times. It includes the Pardon Churchyard, the burial-grounds for the parishes of St. Faith and St. Gregory, and a piece allotted to St. Martin, Ludgate. Size, 1½ acres. Maintained by the Corporation. Laid out in 1878-1879.

275. _St. Botolph’s Churchyard_, Aldersgate Street.

276. _Additional ground for Christ Church_, Newgate Street.

277. _Additional ground for St. Leonard’s_, Foster Lane.—These three form together one public garden, rather more than ½ acre in extent. Very neatly kept up with parochial funds.

278. _St. Olave’s Churchyard_, Silver Street.—Site of the burned church.

279. _Allhallows’ Churchyard_, London Wall.

280. _St. Katharine Coleman Churchyard_, Fenchurch Street.

281. _St. Botolph’s Churchyard_, Aldgate.—¼ acre.—Four grounds laid out by the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association.

281. _St. Botolph’s Churchyard_, Bishopsgate. Size nearly ½ acre.

283. _St. Botolph’s_, Billingsgate, upper burial-ground, Botolph lane.

284. _St. Mary Aldermanbury Churchyard._

285. _St. Sepulchre’s Churchyard_, Holborn.

286. _St. Bride’s Churchyard_, Fleet Street.—Five small grounds laid out with the assistance of the Metropolitan Public Gardens Association. No. 282 was laid out by the Association, but the entire cost was borne by the parish.

287. _Additional ground for St. Dunstan’s in the West_, in Fetter Lane. Asphalted and used as a playground for the Greystoke Place Board School. Some tombstones remain in an enclosure at the edge. 4,750 square feet in area.

II. Burial-grounds that are not laid out as open spaces for the public use, although most of them are neatly kept, while a few are used as store-yards, &c., and others are open at times—

288. _The Temple Churchyard._—Partly public thoroughfare, partly closed.

The churchyards of—

289. _St. Andrew_, Holborn.

290. _Christ Church_, Newgate Street.—On the site of the western end of the church of the Greyfriars.

291. _St. Ann_, Blackfriars.—Two grounds. The western one is the site of the burned church.

292. _St. Andrew by the Wardrobe_, Queen Victoria Street. Very little left.

293. _St. Bartholomew the Great._—On the site of the ancient nave, the _Green-ground_ on the site of the south transept, and a remnant of the _Poor ground_ on the north side.

294. _St. Dionys Backchurch_, Lime Street.

295. _St. Bartholomew the Less._—In the hospital. At one time it extended further south.

296. _St. Giles_, Cripplegate, with the _Green-ground_, an extension to the south. Often Open. Neatly kept.

297. _St. Alphege_, London Wall.—The churchyard does not adjoin the church. It contains a portion of the old wall.

298. _St. Ann and St. Agnes_, Gresham Street.

299. _St. John Zachary_, Gresham Street.—Site of burned church.

300. _St. Mary Staining_, Oat Lane.—Site of burned church.

301. _St. Alban’s_, Wood Street.

302. _St. Peter Cheap_, Wand Street.—Site of burned church.

303. _St. Vedast_, Foster Lane.

304. _St. Mildred_, Bread Street.—Yard full at ladders.

305. _St. Mary Somerset_, Thames Street.—Store-yard for old iron, behind the tower. Most of this ground has gone.

306. _St. Peter_, Paul’s Wharf.—Site of burned church.

307. _St. Martin Vintry_, Queen Street.—No church.

308. _St. Thomas the Apostle_, Queen Street.—Little left except a large vault.

309. _St. Mary Aldermary_, Watling Street.

310. _St. Antholin_, Watling Street.—Very little left except one great vault.

311. _St. Pancras_, Pancras Lane.—Site of burned church.

312. _St. Benet Sherehog_, Pancras Lane.—Site of burned church.

313. _St. Martin Pomeroy_ (St. Olave, Jewry), Ironmonger Lane.—The site of St. Martin’s Church, used as St. Olave’s Churchyard, when that became a private garden.

314. _St. Stephen_, Coleman Street.

315. _St. Mildred_, Poultry.—Given by Thomas Morsted 1420. Almost lost in 1594. Abridged before 1633, and enlarged 1693.

316. _St. Matthew_, Friday Street.

317. _St. John_, Watling Street.—Site of burned church.

318. _St. Michael_, Queenhithe.—Private garden for St. James’s Rectory.

319. _St. Martin_, Ludgate.—Stationers’ Hall Court. The vaults are under the ground.

320. _St. Christopher le Stocks._—Garden of the Bank of England since 1780.

321. _St. Michael_, Cornhill.—Some shops were built in this ground in 1690.

322. _St. Peter_, Cornhill.

323. _St. Stephen_, Walbrook.—Encroached upon in 1693.

324. _St. Margaret_, Lothbury.—Improved and planted at the expense of Dr. Edwin Freshfield, F.S.A.

325. _St. Martin Outwich_, Camomile Street.—The burial-ground of the priory of St. Augustine Papey. Given by Robert Hyde 1538.

326. _St. Michael Paternoster Royal_, College Hill.

327. _St. James_, Garlickhithe.

328. _St. Nicholas Cole Abbey_, Queen Victoria Street.—Very little left.

329. _St. Swithin_, Cannon Street.—Additional ground. One adjoining the church has gone.

330. _Allhallows the Great_, Upper Thames Street.

331. _Allhallows the Less_, Upper Thames Street.—Site of burned church.

332. _St. Lawrence Pountney_, Cannon Street.—Two grounds. One is the site of the burned church.

333. _St. Martin Orgar_, Cannon Street.—Site of burned church.

334. _St. George_, Botolph Lane.

335. _St. Mary at Hill_, Eastcheap.—Saved by the City Church and Churchyard Protection Society 1879.

336. _St. Andrew Undershaft_, Leadenhall Street.

337. _St. Catherine Cree_, Leadenhall Street.—A part of the cemetery of Holy Trinity Priory, Aldgate.

338. _St. Helen_, Bishopsgate.—This is very often open, but not provided with seats.

339. _St. Ethelburga_, Bishopsgate.

340. _St. Clement_, Eastcheap.

341. _St. Leonard_, Fish Street Hill.—Site of burned church.

342. _St. Magnus the Martyr_, London Bridge.

343. _St. Mary Woolnoth_, Lombard Street.—In danger at the present time.

344. _St. Nicholas Acons_, Lombard Street.

345. _St. Edmund King and Martyr_, Lombard Street. The property of the Salters’ Company. Laid out as a garden with seats.

346. _Allhallows_, Lombard Street.—Closed in the cholera year, 1849.

347. _St. Gabriel_, Fenchurch Street.—The gift of Helming Legget.

348. _Allhallows, Staining_, Mark Lane.—Church destroyed in 1870 except the tower. The property of the Clothworkers’ Company.

349. _St. Olave’s_, Hart Street.

350. _Allhallows, Barking_, Town Hill.

351. _St. Dunstan’s in the East_, Lower Thames Street.—Its opening is under consideration.

352. _The Burial-ground of Christ’s Hospital._—This has been almost covered with buildings, but a small piece remains as a yard near the great hall.

353. _The Burial-ground of the Greyfriars._—This is a courtyard, surrounded by the cloisters, in Christ’s Hospital, used as a playground by the boys.

354. _St. James’s Churchyard_, Duke Street.—This is used as a playground for the Aldgate Ward Schools.

355. _Additional ground for St. Bride’s_, Fleet Street.—This is off Farringdon Street, is about 750 square yards in extent, and used as a volunteer drill-ground. There are no tombstones, and the ground is untidy. Consecrated 1610. Given by the Earl of Dorset.

356. _St. Mary’s Roman Catholic Church ground_, Finsbury Square.—Very little left.

357. _Bridewell Burial-ground._—This is about 900 square yards in size, and is at the corner of Tudor and Dorset Streets. It was the burial-ground of the hospital, which has been removed. It is now a very untidy yard, boarded up with a rough advertisement hoarding, in the occupation of H. S. Foster, builder, 7, Tudor Street. It would make a good public playground.

III. Burial-grounds which have been paved and added to the public footway, but are still traceable. The churchyards of—

358. _St. Mary_, Abchurch Lane.—This was thrown into the pavement about 160 years ago, with posts round it.

359. _St. Margaret Pattens_, Rood Lane.

360. _St. Lawrence Jewry_, by the Guildhall.

361. _St. Michael Bassishaw_, Basinghall Street.—Two good trees.

362. _St. Benet Fink_, Threadneedle Street.—Railed in, with Peabody’s statue in it.

363. _The Cloisters of the Augustine Friars._—Lately discovered on the north side of the Dutch Church, Austin Friars Square forming part of the site.

IV. Burial-ground still in use—

364. _Newgate Burial-ground._—A passage in the prison, used for the interment of those who are executed; 10 feet wide and 85 feet long.

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APPENDIX B.

BURIAL-GROUNDS IN LONDON WHICH HAVE BEEN ENTIRELY DEMOLISHED FOR NEW STREETS, RAILWAY LINES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, PRIVATE HOUSES, &C.

THE CITY.

_Name of Churchyard or Burial-ground._ _What occupies the Site._

1. │ There were Roman Cemeteries in various parts of the City. 2. │ Sepulchral remains have been found in Newgate Street, 3. │ Ludgate, Camomile Street, St. Mary at Hill, St. Dunstan’s 4. │ in the East, St. Paul’s Churchyard, and Bishopsgate 5. │ Churchyard (the last named being very ancient, possibly of 6. │ British origin). See also Whitechapel, Limehouse, Bermondsey, 7. │ and Lewisham.

_Name of Churchyard or _What occupies the Site_ Burial-ground_

8. Burial-grounds of St. The General Post Office. Martin le Grand and St. Lennard, Foster Lane

9. Jews original Burial-ground Jewin St. and neighbourhood.

10. St. Nicholas Shambles Newgate Street.

11. St. Benet, Paul’s Wharf Thrown into St. Benet’s Hill.

12. The Workhouse Ground, Shoe The Farringdon Market occupied Lane, belonging to St. the site, and a street has Andrew’s, Holborn now taken its place

13. Allhallows’, Honey Lane The Old City of London School was built on its site.

14. St. Mary le Bow Warehouses and street full of vans, called Bow Churchyard.

15. St. John, Cloak Lane Taken by District Railway in 1879 for Cannon Street Station, &c.

16. St. Mary Bothaw Cannon Street Station, S.E.R.

17. St. Mary Mounthaw Taken for Queen Victoria St.

18. St. Nicholas Olave Taken for Queen Victoria St.

19. St. Mary Magdalen Taken for Queen Victoria St.

20. Elsing Spital Priory Warehouses, London Wall.

21. St. Peter le Poer, Broad Houses in Broad Street. St.

22. St. Thomas Acons Mercer’s Hall.

23. St. Bartholomew’s Priory, This had a cemetery attached, Smithfield which is covered by the buildings near the south transept of the church.

24. St. Bartholomew’s Hospital West wing of hospital. Burial-ground

25. St. Swithin, Cannon Street Roadway on north side of church.

26. St. Dunstan in the West, Probably north end of present Fleet Street church.

27. St. Michael le Querne Cheapside.

28. Additional ground to Southern end of St. Christ Church, Moorgate Bartholomew’s Hospital. Street

29. St. Mary Colechurch Old Jewry.

30. St. Margaret Moses, Friday Cannon Street. Street

31. Garden in Hosier Lane, Built upon about 1560. used for St. Mary le Bow

32. Holy Trinity the Less, Mansion House Station. Trinity Lane

33. St. Mary Axe, Leadenhall Houses on west side of the Street street called St. Mary Axe.

34. St. Mary Woolchurch Haw Mansion House.

35. St. Bartholomew by the Threadneedle Street. Exchange

36. Bethlem Burial-ground Liverpool Street Station. (also called Rowe’s)

37. St. Benet, Gracechurch St. Corner of Fenchurch Street.

38. St. Margaret, New Fish St. Metropolitan Railway.

39. St. Andrew Hubbard Houses between Botolph Lane and Love Lane. The old King’s Weigh House Chapel was on the site.

40. St. Botolph, Billingsgate Warehouse in Lower Thames (Lower Ground) Street, with terra cotta heads on the frontage.

41. Garden of Hundsdon House, 95 bodies buried in two pits Blackfriars (French Embassy) here in 1623 after an accident. Site now disappeared.

42. Pest-field, Hand Alley New Street, Bishopsgate Street.

43. The Churchyard of the This Burial-ground was on the Dutch Church, Austin Friars south side of the Dutch Church, now built over.

44. St. Michael, Crooked Lane King William Street.

45. St. James’ Hermitage Houses south of the postern Burial-ground and the south wall of St. Giles’ Churchyard, Cripplegate.

46. Cemetery of the Crutched South of Fenchurch Street. Friars

ST. MARYLEBONE.

47. Churchyard of Old Tyburn Marylebone Court House, Church Stratford Place.

48. Burial-place for those Corner of Upper Bryanston executed at Tyburn Street and Edgware Road.

PADDINGTON.

49. Pest-field, Craven Hill Craven Hill Gardens. Probably never used.

HAMMERSMITH.

50. Convent Burial-ground, Part of the buildings of the King Street Convent of the Sacred Heart, rebuilt by Cardinal Manning.

ST. MARGARET AND ST. JOHN, WESTMINSTER.

51. Buckingham Chapel, Palace Brewery on south side. Street

ST. MARTIN’S IN THE FIELDS.

52. St. Martin’s additional Part of the buildings of the ground National Gallery.

53. Burial-ground for the Castle Street, Long Acre. Friends of the Westminster Division

54. Burial-ground of St. Mary Northumberland Avenue. Rounceval Convent

ST. JAMES’S, WESTMINSTER.

55. Pest-field Golden Square and district round.

THE STRAND.

56. Additional ground for St. French Chapel, Crown Street, Martin’s in the Fields Soho, now Charing Cross Road.

57. German Burial-ground, Medical Examination Hall and Savoy Savoy Chambers.

58. Old Somerset House Somerset House. Cemetery

59. Westminster Convent Part of Covent Garden Market. Burial-Ground

60. Almshouse Ground, Clemens New Lane Courts. Lane

61. Burial-ground by the Possibly the Floral Arcade. Workhouse, St. Paul’s, Covent Garden

62. Cemetery of old St. Mary Somerset House, &c. le Strand

ST. GILES’ IN THE FIELDS.

63. The Workhouse Part of the Workhouse in Burial-ground Shorts

HOLBORN.

64. St. Sepulchre’s Additional Great Northern Goods Depôt. Ground, Durham Yard

65. St. Sepulchre’s Workhouse Ditto. This was the larger of Ground, Durham Yard the two.

66. Pardon Churchyard, Wilderness Row, subsequently Charterhouse, Clerkenwell Road.

67. Baptist Chapel-ground, Goswell Road, just to the Glasshouse Yard south of St. Thomas’s, Charterhouse.

CLERKENWELL.

68. Nun’s Burial-ground Houses west side of St. James’ Walk.

69. St. James’s Additional Farringdon Road and the Ground, Ray Street Railway.

70. Corporation Row Burial-pit Artisans’ dwellings on north side.

71. Priory Cemetery St. John’s Square, &c.

ST. LUKE’S.

72. Thomas’, Golden Lane Factory on west side of St. Mary’s Church, Charterhouse, Playhouse Yard.

73. Pest-field, Old Street Bath Street, and many acres to the north

74. Pest-field, Mount Mill Seward Street, Goswell Road, north side.

75. Cupid’s Court Ground, Offices, &c., north of Golden Lane Brackley Street.

SHOREDITCH.

76. Gloucester Street Gas Light and Coke Company’s Chapel-ground premises.

77. Shoreditch Burial-ground, Wing of the Workhouse built in Hoxton 1884.

78. Burial-ground by the New block of Artisans’ Goldsmiths’ Almshouses Dwellings west side of Goldsmith Row.

79. Worship Street Baptist London and North Western Goods Chapel-ground Depôt.

STOKE NEWINGTON.

80. Abney Congregational School buildings. Chapel, Church Street

BETHNAL GREEN.

81. Roman Catholic Ground, Cambridge Road. Bethnal Green

82. Pest-field, belonging to South of Lisbon Street and Stepney Collingwood Street.

WHITECHAPEL.

83. Roman Cemetery Goodman’s Fields.

84. Burial-ground, Whitechapel Whitechapel Workhouse. Road

85. St. Katharine, near the St. Katharine’s Docks. Tower

86. Additional Ground to St. St. Katharine’s Docks. Katharine

87. Bone Yard, Gower’s Walk Houses.

88. Zoar Chapel, Great Alie Warehouses, shops, and a St. forge.

89. Pest-field, Spital Square St. Mary’s Church, &c.

90. Pest-field, east of the The Royal Mint. Mint, and Cemetery of the Convent of St. Mary of Grace

91. Pest-field, Petticoat Lane Built over.

92. Tower Burial-ground Demolished for Tower Bridge. (outside the wall)

93. St. Mary Spital Priory Spital Square and district.

94. Pest-field or Plague-Pit Messrs. Kinloch’s new in Gower’s Walk buildings.

95. Mill Yard Sabbatarian Railway by Leman St. Station. Chapel

96. German Church, Hooper Railway. Square.

LIMEHOUSE.

97. Roman Cemetery Sun Tavern Fields, Shadwell. 98. Friends’ Burial-ground Wapping Street.

MILE END OLD TOWN.

99. Rose Lane Chapel-ground East London Railway, public house and shops close to Stepney Station.

ST. GEORGE THE MARTYR, SOUTHWARK.

100. London Road Chapel-ground Tailor’s Shop in London Road, east side.

101. Baptist Chapel-ground, Wilmott’s Buildings. Sheer’s Alley

102. Zion Chapel, Borough Artisans’ Dwellings, Chapel Court.

ST. SAVIOR’S.

103. Friends’ Burial-ground, London Bridge and Charing Worcester Street Cross Railway.

104. Chapel Burial-ground, London Bridge and Charing Ewer Street Cross Railway.

105. Baptist Chapel-ground, Houses at corner of Pepper Pepper Street (Duke Street Street. Park)

106. St. Margaret, Southwark Borough High Street and Market

ST. OLAVE’S.

107. St. Olave, Additional St. Thomas Street. Ground

108. Flemish Burial-ground, Approach to London Bridge Carter Lane Station.

109. Mazepond Baptist Chapel Guy’s Hospital Medical School.

110. Baptist Chapel, Dipping Fair Street or Charles Street, Alley Horselydown

BERMONDSEY.

111. Roman Cemetery Snow Fields, Union Street, and Deverell Street (Newington).

GREENWICH.

112. Roman Cemetery Neighbourhood of Blackheath.

WOOLWICH.

113. Bethlem Chapel-ground, Club House. Charles Street

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APPENDIX C.

CHURCHES AND CHAPELS WITH VAULTS UNDER THEM THAT HAVE BEEN USED FOR INTERMENTS, BUT WITH NO GRAVEYARDS ATTACHED.

The Foundling Chapel, W.C. Lincoln’s Inn Chapel and Cloisters, W.C. Gray’s Inn Chapel, E.C. Ely Place Chapel, E.C. Lambeth Palace Chapel, S.E. St. Pancras New Church, W.C. Camden Chapel, St. Pancras, N.W. Christ Church, Marylebone, N.W. Holy Trinity, Marylebone, N.W. Holy Trinity, Islington, N. St. John’s, Upper Holloway, N. St. John’s, Paddington, W. St. Barnabas, Kensington, W. All Saints, Islington, N. Aske’s Hospital Chapel, Hoxton, N. St. Barnabas, King Square, E.C. St. Thomas’, Charterhouse, E.C. St. Mark’s, Clerkenwell, E.C. St. Mark’s, North Audley Street, W. Grosvenor Chapel, South Audley Street. Hanover Chapel, Regent Street, W. (About to be destroyed.) St. Peter’s, Pimlico, S.W. St. Stephen’s, Westminster, S.W. St. James’s, Clapham, S.W. St. Anne’s, Wandsworth, S.W. Holy Trinity, Newington, S.E. St. Mary Magdalene’s, Peckham, S.E. Holy Trinity, Little Queen Street, W.C. Wesleyan Chapel, Great Queen Street, W.C. Mission Chapel, Little Wyld Street, W.C. Elim Chapel, Fetter Lane, E.C. Baptist Chapel, Blandford Street, N.W. Roman Catholic Chapel, Grove Road, N.W. Congregational Chapel, Kentish Town, N.W. Brunswick Chapel, Mile End Road, E. (Now connected with Charrington’s Assembly Hall.) Baptist Chapel, Romney Street, S.W. Surrey Chapel, Blackfriars Road, S.E. (Now a machine manufactory.) Queen Street Chapel, Woolwich, S.E.

Some vaults, such as those under the Guildhall Chapel, the Rolls Chapel, and the notorious Elton Chapel, Clements Lane, have disappeared with the buildings; and it must be remembered that the City churches that have lost their churchyards have vaults underneath them, and so have other buildings, such as the Charterhouse Chapel and cloisters, the burial-ground there being of much later date, and detached from the chapel.

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APPENDIX D.

STEPS TO BE TAKEN FOR LAYING OUT AND THROWING OPEN TO THE PUBLIC A DISUSED CHURCHYARD OR BURIAL-GROUND, AND FOR ITS MAINTENANCE BY THE LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL, OR THE LOCAL AUTHORITY. (REPRINTED FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE METROPOLITAN PUBLIC GARDENS ASSOCIATION, 83, LANCASTER GATE, W.)

1. Decide how much assistance is to be sought from the London County Council, or the Local Authority, that is the Vestry or District Board, if in London, or the Urban or Rural Sanitary Authority, if in the provinces, in the carrying out of the scheme. Thus, in approaching any of these bodies, it should be considered—

(_a_) Whether they are to be asked to lay out the ground, or only to take it over for maintenance after it has been laid out by others, _e.g._, the Association.

(_b_) Whether they may require, or can have the freehold, or only a limited interest, such as a lease of the ground.

2. The Incumbent or Owner will, when the consent of the Local Authority or London County Council has been obtained, be required to execute a Deed transferring the Ground to the Local Authority, or the Council, upon the terms and conditions that have been mutually arranged.

3. [Sidenote: Consecrated Grounds require a Faculty.] In the case of a Consecrated Ground, a Faculty must be obtained from the Bishop of the Diocese by the Local Authority, or the London County Council, as the case may be, permitting such body to exercise powers of management over it; and should it be needful to move tombstones, such Faculty must also contain a license to do so, otherwise they cannot be moved (_vide_ para. 5).

4. The Consistory Court of the Diocese usually requires the following preliminary steps to have been taken, before it will hear an application for a Faculty:—

(_a_) The preparation of a plan and detailed statement of what it is proposed to do to the ground, and of an estimate of the expense involved.

(_b_) The submission of plan, statement, and estimate, to a meeting of the Vestry of the Parish, and the passing of a resolution (which should be carefully prepared) by the Vestry approving the plan, statement, estimate, and application for a Faculty.

(_c_) The approval of plan, statement, and estimate, by the Local Authority or the London County Council, as the case may be.

(_d_) The presentation of a petition for a Faculty to the Bishop or his Consistory Court, by the Local Authority or the Council, as the case may be, setting out the scheme, accompanied by the plan, statement, and resolutions.

(_e_) This petition should in the ordinary course have the concurrence of the Incumbent, and he may be, and it is usually desirable that he should be, a party to it.

5. [Sidenote: Removal of Tombstones in consecrated and unconsecrated grounds.] In the case of any disused churchyard, cemetery, or burial-ground, whether consecrated or not, if tombstones are to be moved, at least three months before any tombstone or monument is moved the following steps have to be taken:—

(_a_) A statement shall be prepared sufficiently describing by the name and date appearing thereon the tombstones and monuments standing or being in the ground, and such other particulars as may be necessary;

(_b_) Such statements shall be deposited with the clerk of the County Council or Local Authority, and shall be open to inspection by all persons;

(_c_) An advertisement of the intention to remove or change the position of such tombstones and monuments shall be inserted three times at least in some newspaper circulating in the neighbourhood of the burial-ground, and such advertisement shall give notice of the deposit of such statement, as is hereinbefore described, and of the hours within which the same may be inspected;

(_d_) A notice in terms similar to the advertisement shall be placed on the door of the church (if any) to which such churchyard, cemetery, or burial-ground is attached, and shall be delivered or sent by post to any person known or believed by the County Council or Local Authority to be a near relative of any person whose death is recorded on any such tombstone or monument.

[Sidenote: Ditto in consecrated grounds only.] In the case of any consecrated ground a Faculty is also required (_vide_ page 3), but no application for a Faculty can be made until the expiration of one month at least after the appearance of the last of such advertisements.

Provided that on any application for a Faculty nothing shall prevent the Bishop from directing or sanctioning the removal of any tombstone or monument, if he is of opinion that reasonable steps have been taken to bring the intention to effect such removal to the notice of some person having a family interest in such removal.

[Sidenote: Ditto in unconsecrated grounds only.] In the case of an unconsecrated burial-ground, no Faculty is requisite either for management or for moving tombstones.

N.B.—Faculties, which only emanate from the Courts of Diocesan Bishops, cannot apply to burial-grounds, unless consecrated by Bishops of the Established Church.

6. [Sidenote: Playing of Games.]The playing of any games or sports is not allowed in any churchyard, cemetery, or burial-ground in or over which any estate, interest, or control is acquired under section five of the Metropolitan Open Spaces Act, 1881.

Provided that—

(_a_) In the case of consecrated ground, the Bishop, by any license or Faculty granted under the Metropolitan Open Spaces Act, 1881, or this Act (Open Spaces Act, 1887), and

(_b_) In the case of any churchyard, cemetery, or burial-ground, which is not consecrated, the body from which any such estate, interest, or control as aforesaid is acquired may expressly sanction any such use of the ground, and may specify such conditions as to the extent or manner of such use.

If an Incumbent or owner wishes to lay out a Disused Churchyard or Burial-ground, and to maintain it himself directly or by his agents, _e.g._, the Association, no application to the Local Authority, or London County Council, is required, and if it is a consecrated ground but no tombstones are moved, no Faculty or consent of any other person is required. Any arrangement of this nature _an Incumbent_ may make is not, however, binding on his successor. In unconsecrated grounds no Faculties are needed.

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APPENDIX E.

THE DISUSED BURIAL-GROUNDS ACT, AND AMENDING CLAUSES IN SUBSEQUENT OPEN SPACES ACTS.

[Sidenote: A.D. 1884.] 47 & 48 VICT. [Ch. 72.]

_Disused Burial grounds Act, 1884._

An Act for preventing the erection of Buildings on Disused Burial grounds. [14th August, 1884.]

WHEREAS an Act was passed in the session of Parliament holden in the fifteenth and sixteenth years of Her Majesty, chapter eighty-five, to amend the laws concerning the burial of the dead in the metropolis, and an Act was passed in the session holden in the sixteenth and seventeenth years of Her Majesty, chapter one hundred and thirty-four, “to amend the laws concerning the burial of the dead in England, beyond the limits of the metropolis, and to amend the Act concerning the burial of the dead in the metropolis”: And whereas, in pursuance of the provisions of the above recited Acts, numerous Orders in Council have been made for the discontinuance of burials in certain burial-grounds within the metropolis and elsewhere: And whereas it is expedient that no buildings should be erected on any burial-ground affected by any of such Orders in Council:

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same as follows:

[Sidenote: Short title.]1. This Act may be cited as the Disused Burial-Grounds Act, 1884.

2. [Sidenote: Interpretation clause Amended by 50 & 51 Vict. c. 32.] In this Act a “disused burial-ground” shall mean a burial-ground in respect of which an Order in Council has been made for the discontinuance of burials therein in pursuance of the provisions of the said recited Acts.

3. [Sidenote: Amended by 50 & 51 Vict. c. 32.] After the passing of this Act [Sidenote: No buildings to be erected upon disused burial-grounds for enlargement, etc.] it shall not be lawful to erect any buildings upon any disused burial-ground, except for the purpose of enlarging a church, chapel, meeting-house, or other place of worship.

4. [Sidenote: Saving for buildings already sanctioned.]Nothing in this Act shall prevent the erection of any building on a disused burial-ground, for which a Faculty has been obtained before the passing of this Act.

5. [Sidenote: Saving of burial-grounds already sold by Act of Parliament.]Nothing in this Act contained shall apply to any burial-ground which has been sold or disposed of under the authority of any Act of Parliament.

* * * * *

[48 & 49 VICT.] [Ch. 167.] _Metropolitan Board of Works (Various Powers) Act, 1885._

And whereas it is expedient to confer further powers upon the Board for enforcing the due observance in the metropolis of the provisions of the Disused Burial Grounds Act, 1884:

PART IV. Miscellaneous (Disused Burial-grounds).

56. [Sidenote: A.D. 1885. Board to be the authority to enforce the Disused Burial-Grounds Act, 1884.]The Board shall be and they are hereby constituted the authority for preventing the violation and for enforcing the due observance of the provisions of the Disused Burial-grounds Act, 1884, within the metropolis, and they may from time to time institute and prosecute all such legal proceedings and do all such acts, manners, and things as may in the opinion of the Board be necessary or expedient for preventing the violation by any person and for enforcing the due observance by all persons of the provisions of the said Act within the metropolis.

* * * * *

[Sidenote: A.D. 1887.] [50 & 51 VICT.] _Open Spaces Act, 1887._