Part C

of unknown origin; ed. Skeat (Student’s Chaucer).

Rönsch, Hermann; Itala und Vulgata, 1875 (Die Römische Volkssprache).

Roquette, J. I.; Dictionnaire Portugais-Français, Paris, 1855.

Rough List: of English Words found in Anglo-French, in Skeat’s Notes on English Etymology, 1901.

Rowley, William; Comedian and Playwright. A Search for Money; or the Lamentable Complaint for the Losse of the Wandering Knight, Monsieur l’Argent, 1609.

Sackville, Thomas, Lord Buckhurst [born 1536, died 1608]; see Gorboduc, Mirrour for Magistrates. Works ed. by R. W. Sackville-West, 1859.

Sainéan, L.; L’Argot ancien, 1907.

Sandys, George; A Relation of a Journey, 1610; ed. 3, 1632.

Schade, Oskar; Altdeutsches Wörterbuch, 1872-82.

Schmid, Johann Christoph von; Schwäbisches Wörterbuch, 1844.

Schmidt, Alexander; Shakespeare-Lexicon, 1874-5.

Sewel, W.; Dictionary, English and Dutch, Dutch and English, 1727; ed. 5, 1754; augmented and improved by Egbert Buys, 1766.

Shadwell, Thomas; Dramatist, Poet Laureate. [Born 1640, died 1692.]

Shakespeare. The Globe Edition; ed. by W. G. Clark and W. Aldis Wright, 1864. References generally as in Schmidt’s Lexicon. His Dramas and Poems are referred to by the name of the Play or Poem alone.

Sherwood, Robert (‘Londoner’); A Dictionary. English and French, 1672 (serves as an English index to Cotgrave, ed. 1673).

Shirley, James; Dramatic Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1833. [Born c. 1594, died 1666.]

Sidney, Sir Philip; Arcadia, 1581, published 1590; Apology for Poetrie, 1595; ed. Arber, 1868.

Sin. Barth.: Sinonyma Bartholomei, ed. J. L. G. Mowat (Anecdota Oxoniensia, 1887).

Skelton, John; Poetical Works; ed. A. Dyce, 1843. [Born c. 1460, died 1529.]

Skinner, S.; Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae, 1671.

Spenser: The Complete Works of Edmund Spenser. The Globe edition, ed. by R. Morris. Shepherds’ Calendar [Shep. Kal.], 1579; Faery Queen [F. Q.], 1590-6.

Stanford: The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases; ed. C. A. M. Fennell, 1892.

Stanyhurst, Richard; tr. of Aeneid, bks. i-iv, 1582; ed. Arber, 1880.

Stevens, John; Spanish and English Dictionary, 1706.

Stow, John; Survey of London, 1598; ed. Thoms, 1842.

Strutt, Joseph; The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, 1801; ed. W. Horne, 1834.

Stubbes, Philip; Anatomy of the Abuses in England, 1583; ed. F. J. Furnivall, 1877-9.

Student’s Pastime, A; Selections of Articles reprinted from ‘Notes and Queries’, by W. W. Skeat, 1896.

Surrey, Earl of (Henry Howard) [died 1547]. Poems; in Tottel’s Miscellany.

Sweet, Henry; The Student’s Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon, 1897.

Tarlton, Richard; Satirist; Tarlton’s Newes out of Purgatorie, publ. 1590. [Died 1588.]

Thersites, An Interlude, first performed in August, 1537; 1st ed. c. 1560; reprinted 1820, included in Hazlitt’s ed. of Dodsley’s Old English Plays; extracts printed in English Miracle Plays, ed. A. W. Pollard, 1890.

Thomas, Antoine; Essais de Philologie Française, 1897.

Tomkis (or Tomkys), Thomas; Plays in Hazlitt’s Dodsley. Albumazar, 1615.

Topsell, Edward; The History of four-footed Beasts and Serpents, 1608.

Tottel, Richard; Printer of Tottel’s Miscellany, a collection of verses, known in society, but never before published, by the Earl of Surrey, Sir Thomas Wyatt, and others, 1557; ed. Arber, 1870.

Tourneur, Cyril; Plays and Poems; ed. J. Churton Collins, 1878. [Born c. 1575, died 1626.]

Towneley Mysteries, c. 1450; printed for Surtees Soc., 1836; also ed. G. England and A. W. Pollard (EETS., extra series, 1897).

Trench, Richard C. (Archbishop); Select Glossary, ed. 7, 1890 (revised by A. L. Mayhew).

Trevisa, John of; Translation of Higden’s Polychronicon, 1387; ed. J. R. Lumby (Rolls Series, 1865-6).

Tuke, Sir Samuel; Dramatist. Adventures of Five Hours, 1663; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley.

Turbervile, George; see English Poets. —— Booke of Venerie [Hunting], 1575.

Tusser, Thomas; Five hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie; first ed. 1573; ed. Payne and Herrtage (EDS., 1878).

Twyne, Thomas; Completion of Phaer’s translation of the Aeneid, 1573.

Tyndale, William; The Whole Workes of W. Tyndale, John Frith, and Doctor Barnes, printed by John Daye, 1572. Tyndale’s Translation of the New Testament into English was first printed in 1525.

Udall, Nicholas; Roister Doister, c. 1553; ed. Arber, 1869. Translation of the Apophthegmes of Erasmus, 1532.

Vanbrugh, Sir John; Dramatic Works; see Wycherley. [Born 1666, died 1726.]

Vespasian Psalter, the OE. (Mercian) interlinear version, printed in ‘Oldest English Texts’ (q.v.).

Voc.: Wright’s Old English Vocabularies; ed. Wülcker, 1884; see also Wright, Thomas.

Warner, William; Albion’s England, 1586; see English Poets.

Weber’s Metrical Romances, 1810. Vol. 1 contains King Alisaunder, c. 1310.

Webster, John; Works; ed. A. Dyce; new ed. 1857. [Born 1607, died 1661.]

Weigand, Friedrich; Deutsches Wörterbuch; ed. 3, 1878.

Westward Ho, a play by Dekker and Webster, 1607.

Wever, R.; An Enterlude called Lusty Juventus, 1550.

Wilkins, George; Miseries of Inforst Marriage, 1607; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 533.

William of Palerne, The Romance of, c. 1350; ed. W. W. Skeat (EETS., 1867).

Withals, John; A Short Dictionarie for yonge beginners, 1556.

Worlidge, J.; Dictionarium Rusticum, 1681.

Wright, Thomas; A Volume of Vocabularies, 1857; ed. 2, privately printed, 1882.

Wright, William Aldis; The Bible Word-Book, 2nd ed., 1884.

Wyatt, Sir Thomas; Poetical Works; ed. R. Bell, 1854. [Born 1503, died 1542.]

Wycherley, William; Dramatic Works; ed. 1840, with those of Congreve, Vanbrugh, and Farquhar. [Born c. 1640, died 1715.]

Wyclif, John; The Holy Bible, 1382-8; ed. Forshall and Madden, 1850.

—— New Testament, with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat.

—— Job, Psalms, &c., with Glossary; ed. W. W. Skeat.

Wynkyn de Worde (Jan van Wynkyn), native of Worth in Alsace. Printer. Came to England with Caxton from Bruges 1476, died c. 1534.

York Plays, c. 1430; ed. Miss L. Toulmin Smith, 1885.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS

=berry.= In the Malone Society’s Reprint, 1. 1432, of Quarto 1599, the text is:

‘A berrie of faire Rooes I saw to day Down by the groves, and there I’ll take my stand, And shoot at one.’

Probably the correct reading would be ‘a bevie of faire Rooes’ (i.e. a number of fair roe-deer). But see NED. (s.v. Berry, sb.^{3}), where the word is used as the special name for a company of rabbits.

=bulk,= the trunk, body of a person; cp. Richard III, i. 4. 40, ‘The envious flood Stopt in my soul . . . smother’d it within my panting bulk.’

=Burgullian.= Perhaps a contemptuous form of _Burgundian_ (or _Burgonian_), a native of Burgundy, with reference to John Larrosse, ‘a Burgonian by nation and a fencer by profession’, who challenged all comers in 1598.

=forslow.= For _Macilense_ read _Macilente_.

=Napier’s bones,= invented by John Napier, eighth laird of Merchiston [not Lord Napier].

=skibbered.= The reading of the Bodleian MS. _skybredd_ shows that the meaning of the word is _sky-bred_.

=sothery.= The play referred to is _The Four P’s_.

=spargirica.= B. Jonson’s spelling _spagyrica_ may be defended from French usage; cp. Dict. de l’Acad., 1672: ‘_Spagyrique_ ou _Spagirique_. Il se dit de la Chimie qui s’occupe de l’analyse des métaux, et de la recherche de la pierre philosophale. C’est la même chose que la _Chimie métallurgique_ ou la _Métallurgie_’. The word _spagyrique_ in the phrase ‘un philosophe spagyrique’ occurs frequently in Anatole France’s ‘La Rôtisserie de la Reine Pédauque’.

=strummel.= _Strummel-patch’d_ (so Gifford). The 1616 Folio reads ‘whoreson strummel, patch’t, goggle-ey’d Grumbledories’.

=trash.= For Othello, ii. 1. 132, read ii. 1. 312; and see Schmidt’s note on the word.

=turm.= Milton, P. R. iv. 66.

=warden.= _Dele_ or (from the arms of Warden Abbey).

A

=aband,= to abandon. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 65; Mirror for Magistrates, Albanact, st. 20.

=abatures,= the traces left by a stag in the underwood through which he has passed. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 26, p. 68. F. _abatture_, a throwing down. See NED.

=abeare,= _reflex._, to demean oneself. Only in Spenser in this sense, F. Q. v. 12. 19; vi. 9. 45.

=abiliments,= ‘abiliments of war’, warlike accoutrements, things which made ‘able’ for war. More, Richard III (ed. 1641, 414). OF. (_h_)_abillement_, ‘tout ce qui est propre à quelque chose, machines de guerre’ (Didot).

=able,= to warrant, vouch for. Middleton, The Changeling, i. 2 (Lollio); King Lear, iv. 6. 173.

=ablesse,= ability. Only in Chapman, Iliad, v. 248.

=abode,= to forebode, Hen. VIII, i. 1. 93. An announcement, Chapman, Iliad, xiii. 146, 226. Cp. OE. _ābēodan_, to announce (pp. _āboden_).

=abodement,= a foreboding, presage, omen. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 13.

=abord,= used by Spenser for _abroad_, adrift. Ruins of Rome, xiv; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 324.

=aborde,= to approach. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 99, back, l. 8; lf. 103. 6; ‘_I aborde_, as one shyppe dothe an-other’, Palsgrave. F. _aborder_, to come to the side of; from _à_, to, _bord_, side.

=abraid, abray,= in Spenser, to start out of sleep, a swoon, to awake; ‘I did out of sleepe abray’, F. Q. iv. 6. 36; ‘Sir Satyrane abraid Out of the swowne’, F. Q. iv. 4. 22; to arouse, startle, ‘For feare lest her unwares she should abrayd’, F. Q. iii. 1. 61; ‘The brave maid would not for courtesie, Out of his quiet slumber him abrade’, F. Q. iii. 11. 8. ME. _abreyde_, to start up, start from sleep, awake (Chaucer); OE. _ābregdan_.

=abraid,= to upbraid. Greene, Alphonsus, ii (Belinus), ed. Dyce, 231; ‘I abrayde one, I caste one in the tethe’, Palsgrave. A n. Yorks. form (EDD.).

=Abram-colour’d,= auburn. Said of a beard. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2 (Curvetto); Coriolanus, ii. 3. 21. See Nares.

=Abram-man, Abraham-man,= a sham patriarch, a begging vagabond. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 5; Massinger, New Way, ii. 1 (Marrall); ‘An Abraham-man is he that walketh bare-armed, and bare-legged, and fayneth hymselfe mad, . . . and nameth himselfe poor Tom’, Awdeley, Fraternity of Vagabonds, p. 3.

=abron,= auburn. ‘Curled head With abron locks was fairly furnished’, Hall, Satires, v. 8. A Shropsh. pronunciation (EDD.). OF. _auborne_, Med. L. _alburnus_, ‘subalbus’ (Ducange).

=abrook,= to brook, endure. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 10.

=abrupt,= separated, parted asunder. Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 2 (Maria); as subst., an abrupt place, a precipice over an abyss, Milton, P. L. ii. 409.

=absey-book,= a spelling-book, primer. King John, i. 1. 196. For _A-B-C book_.

=aby,= to pay the penalty for. Mids. Night’s D. iii. 2. 175; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 33. ME. _abye_, to pay for (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4393); OE. _ābycgan_.

=acates,= provisions that are purchased. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. sen.); Sad Shepherd, i. 3. 19. Norm. F. _acat_, purchase (Moisy).

=accent,= misused with the sense of ‘scent’. ‘The vines with blossoms do abound, which yield a sweet _accént_’, Drayton, Harmonie of the Church; Sol. Song, ch. ii. l. 28.

=access,= an attack of illness. Also spelt _axes_, Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 315; _accesses_, pl., Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 822. _Access_ is used in Kent and Sussex for an ague-fit (EDD.). F. _accès_, cp. ‘_un accès de fièvre_’.

=accite,= to summon. 2 Hen. IV, v. 2. 141; Titus Andron. i. 1. 27; Chapman, tr. Iliad, ii. 376, has ‘summon’ (his first version had _accite_); pt. t. _accited_, id. xi. 595; _accite_, imp., Heywood, Dialogue iv; vol. vi. p. 163. L. _accitare_, to summon.

=accite,= to excite. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 67; B. Jonson, Underwoods (ed. 1692, p. 563).

=accloye,= to stop up, choke (with weeds). Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 15; ‘_accloyed_, as a Horse, Accloy’d or Cloyed, i.e. nail’d or prickt in the shooing’, Phillips, Dict. 1706. F. _encloyer_, ‘to cloy, choak, or stop up’ (Cotgr.). Med. L. _inclavare_, to lame a horse with a nail while shoeing (Ducange); L. _clavus_, a nail.

=accomplement,= accomplishment. Shaks. (?), Edw. III, iv. 6. 66. See NED.

=accourt,= to entertain courteously. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 16.

=accoy,= to daunt, tame, soothe. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 48; F. Q. iv. 8. 59. OF. _acoier_, to quiet; deriv. of _coi_, quiet; cp. Med. L. _acquietare_ (_adquietare_), ‘quietum reddere’ (Ducange).

=accoyl,= to assemble, gather together. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 30. OF. _acoillir_, to assemble; Med. L. _accolligere_ (Ducange).

=accumber, acomber,= to encumber, oppress. ‘That my sowle be not _acombred_’, Reynard the Fox (ed. Arber, p. 34). Anglo-F. _encumbrer_, ‘accabler’ (Ch. Rol. 15).

=achates,= provisions, purchased as required. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 31. See =acates.=

=acknown,= _pp._ acknowledged. Kyd, Cornelia, ii. 229; _to be acknown on_, to confess knowledge of, Othello, iii. 3. 320; _to be acknowen of_, to acknowledge, Puttenham, English Poesie, iii. 22 (p. 260). OE. _oncnāwen_, pp. of _oncnāwan_, to acknowledge.

=a-cop,= on high; sticking up. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Drugger). OE. _copp_, top, summit.

=acopus,= a restorative plant, mentioned by Pliny. Middleton, The Witch, v. 2 (Hecate). L. _acopus_, Gk. ἄκοπος; ἀ, not + κόπος, weariness.

=acquest,= an acquisition, gain. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 90, 172). OF. _aquest_, Med. L. _acquistum_ (Ducange), L. _acquisitum_, a thing acquired.

=acquist,= Milton, Samson Ag. 1755. Directly from the Latin, or from the Ital. _acquisto_.

=acroche,= to grasp, try to acquire. ‘_I acroche_, as a man dothe that wynneth goodes or landes off another by sleyght, _Iaccroche_’, Palsgrave.

=acton;= see =haqueton.=

=actuate,= to act. Massinger, Roman Actor, iv. 2 (Paris). Med. L. _actuare_, ‘perficere’ (Ducange).

=aculeate,= pointed. Bacon, Essay 57, § 5. L. _aculeus_, a sting, sharp point. L. _acus_, a needle.

=adamant,= a load-stone, magnet. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 1. 195; Marlowe, Edw. II, ii. 5 (Arundel). ME. _adamaunt_, the loadstone or magnet (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1182).

=Adamite,= a member of a sect that dispensed with clothes at their meetings. Shirley, Hyde Park, ii. 4 (Mis. Car.). Cp. The Guardian, no. 134 (Aug. 14, 1713), § last.

=adaunt,= to quell, subdue. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8. 11; leaf 79, back, l. 5. OF. _adonter_, _donter_, L. _domitare_, to tame (Virgil).

=adauntreley,= error for _ad[u]aunt-relay_, lit. a relay in front; a laying on of fresh hounds to take up a chase. Return from Parnassus, ii. 5 (Amoretto). From _aduaunt_ (_avaunt_) and _relay_; see _Avant-lay_ in NED.

=adaw,= to daunt, suppress, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 13; iv. 6. 26; v. 9. 35; Shep. Kal., Feb., 141. A word due to the ME. adv. _adawe_, in phr. _do adawe_, to put out of life (lit. day), to quell. The ME. _adawe_ = OE. _of dagum_, out of days.

=addulce,= to sweeten, render palatable. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 84).

=adelantado,= a Spanish grandee, a lord-lieutenant. Spelt _adalantado_; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Puntarvolo); Alchemist, iii. 2 (Face); Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Lazarillo). Span. _adelantado_, promoted, advanced, pp. of _adelantar_, to advance. See =lantedo.=

=adjection,= addition. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 6. 5. L. _adjectio_.

=adjouste,= to add, give; lit. to adjust. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 43. 2; lf. 141, back, 24.

=adminiculation,= aid, help, support. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, bk. i, c. 3, § last; c. 8, § 6; c. 13, § 4. Med. L. _adminiculatio_, ‘auxilium’, _adminiculus_, ‘minister’ (Ducange).

=admire,= to wonder. Milton, P. L. ii. 677; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. 167.

=adore.= A form of _adorn_ in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 46.

=adoubted,= afraid. Morte Arthur, leaf 241. 2; bk. x, c. 12 (end).

=adowbe,= to adub, to equip, array. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 32. 28; lf. 222. 15. Also _adubbe_, to dub a knight, id. 312. 31. Anglo-F. _aduber_, ‘armer’ (Ch. Rol.), also _adubber_.

=adrad,= _pp._ dreaded. Greene, A Maiden’s Dream, st. 4; frightened; Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 304. ME. _adrad_, afraid (Chaucer, C. T. A. 605); OE. _ofdrǣd_, frightened.

=adrop= (ádrop), a term in alchemy; either the lead out of which the mercury was to be extracted to make ‘the philosopher’s stone’, or the stone itself. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surface).

=adust,= parched, burnt up. Bacon, Essay 36; Milton, P. L. xii. 635. Also _adusted_, P. L. vi. 514. L. _adustus_, burnt up, pp. of _adurere_.

=advaile,= ‘avail’, advantage, profit. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 9, § 6.

=advant-garde,= vanguard. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 35; bk. i, c. 15. F. _avant-garde_ (Cotgr.) See Dict. (s.v. Van).

=advaunt,= _reflex._, to boast, brag, ‘vaunt’. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 4 (end); bk. i, c. 15, § 3.

=advision,= vision. Morte Arthur, leaf 14. 15; Table of Contents, xiv. 7. ME. _avisioun_ (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 7).

=advoutresse,= an adulteress. Roister Doister, v. 3. 9. Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. ME. _avoutresse_ (Wyclif, Rom. vii. 3); OF. _avoutresse_.

=adyt, addit,= a recess or sanctuary of a temple. Greene, A Looking-glass, iv. 3 (1543); p. 137, col. 1. L. _adytum_, Gk. ἄδυτον, not to be entered, sacred; from ἀ, not, δύειν, to enter.

=aerie= (in Shakespeare), the brood of a bird of prey, and particularly of hawks, King John, v. 2. 149; Rich. III, i. 3. 264; ‘aerie of children’ (with reference to the young choristers of the Chapel Royal and St. Paul’s, who took part in plays), Hamlet ii. 2. 354. The word represents an OF. _airiée_, pp. of _aairier_, _adairier_, Romanic type _adareare_, der. of Med. L. _area_, ‘accipitrum nidus’ (Ducange).

=aeromancy,= divination by the air. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, i. 2 (188); scene 2. 17 (W.); p. 155, col. 1 (D.).

=aesture,= surge, raging of the sea. Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xii. 111. Deriv. of L. _aestus_, the heaving motion of the sea.

=afeard,= afraid. Merry Wives, iii. 4. 28; _affered_, Dryden, Cock and Fox, 136. In gen. prov. use throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England (EDD.). ME. _afered_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iii. 482, OE. _āfǣred_, frightened, pp. of _āfǣran_.

=affamed of,= famished by, starved by. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 248, back, 2. F. _affamé_, famished, starved (Cotgr.).

=affect,= to love, be fond of. Two Gent. iii. 1. 82; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 4. 2. L. _affectare_, to strive after a thing passionately.

=affect,= affection, passion. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 45; vi. 5. 24; Hymn in Honour of Love, 180. L. _affectus_, passion, desire.

=affectionate,= to feel affection for. Greene, Bacon and Friar Bungay, iii. 3; scene 10. 78 (W.); p. 171, col. 1 (D.).

=affrap,= to strike sharply. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 26; iii. 2. 6. Ital. _affrappare_, to beat (Florio).

=affret,= onset, fierce encounter. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 16; iv. 3. 16. Cp. Ital. _affrettare_, to hasten, make speed (Florio).

=affront,= to meet face to face, to encounter. Hamlet, iii. 1. 31; Ford, Perkin Warbeck, v. 1 (Dalyell). _Affront_, an accost, meeting. Greene, Tu Quoque, or The City Gallant; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xi. 265. F. _affronter_, ‘to come before, or face to face’ (Cotgr.).

=affy,= to betroth, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 80; _to affy in_, to trust in, Titus Andron. i. 1. 47. Anglo-F. _afier_, ‘affirmer, assurer; mettre sa confiance en, se fier à’ (Moisy). Med. L. _affidare_, ‘fidem dare’ (Ducange).

=afterclap,= an unexpected consequence, generally unpleasant. Latimer, Serm. I, 27; _after-claps_, pl., Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 4; Tusser, Husbandry, § 49; Taylor, Life of Old Parr (EDD.). In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=agate,= on the way. ‘Let him agate’; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 6 (Phantastes); ‘Let us be agate, let us start’; Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 25. In prov. use in the north country, and in various other parts of England (EDD.).

=agazed,= astounded, amazed. Surrey, Description of Restless State, 44 in Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 4); _agaz’d on_, 1 Hen. VI, i. 1. 126. Prob. a variant of ME. _agast_ (Wyclif), E. _aghast_.

=agerdows,= compounded of sour and sweet. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1250. F. _aigre-doux_, sour-sweet. L. _acer_ and _dulcis_.

=aggrace,= to shew grace and favour. Pt. t. _agraste_; Spenser, F. Q. i. 10. 18. Hence _aggrace_, sb. favour; id. ii. 8. 56. Ital. _aggraziare_, to confer a favour; _agratiare_, to favour (Florio). Med. L. _aggratiare_ (Ducange).

=aggrate,= to please, delight, charm. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 50; v. 11. 19; vi. 10. 33. Ital. _aggratare_, ‘to sute’ (Florio).

=aglet,= the metal end or tag of a lace. ‘He made hys pen of the aglet of a poynte that he plucked from hys hose’, Latimer, Serm. (ed. 1869, p. 117); a metallic stud or spangle. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 5; ‘_Tremolante_, aglets or spangles’ (Florio). In Cumberland the metal end of a bootlace is called an _aglet_ (EDD.). ME. _aglet_, to lace wyth alle (Prompt. Harl. MS.). F. _aiguillette_, a point (Cotgr.).

=agloute,= to feed to satisfaction, to glut. Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 187, back, 14; lf. 41, back, 5. ME. _aglotye_ (P. Plowman, C. x. 76). See NED. (s.v. Aglut).

=agnize,= to recognize, acknowledge. Othello, i. 3. 232; _agnise_, Udall, Erasmus Apophth. (ed. 1877, 271). Formed on the analogy of _recognize_, cp. L. _agnoscere_, to acknowledge.

=a-good,= in good earnest, heartily. Two Gent. of Verona, iv. 3; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 4 (near the end); Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Ithamar). See Nares.

=agreve,= to aggravate, make more grievous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 6 (end); Sir T. More, Rich. III (ed. Lumby, p. 68, l. 13). ME. _agrevyn_, ‘aggravare’ (Prompt. EETS. 200). Anglo-F. _agrever_ (Moisy).

=agrim, agrum,= a common 16th-cent. form of ‘algorism’, a name for the Arabic or decimal system of numeration, hence arithmetic; ‘I reken, I counte by cyfers of agrym’, Palsgrave; ‘As a Cypher in Agrime’, Foxe, A. & M. iii. 265 (NED.); ‘A poor cypher in agrum’, Peele, Edw. I (ed. Dyce, p. 379, col. 1). ME. _awgrym_: ‘As siphre . . . in awgrym that noteth a place and no thing availith’ (Richard Redeles. iv. 53); _algorisme_ (Gower, C. A. vii. 155). OF. _augorisme_, Med. L. _algorismus_, ‘numerandi ars’ (Ducange), cp. Span. _alguarismo_ (_guarismo_), arithmetic (Stevens), from _al-Khowârezmi_, the surname of a famous Arab mathematician who lived in the 9th cent. See Dozy, Glossaire, 131.

=agrise, agryse,= to terrify, horrify. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 46; iii. 2. 24; _agrysed_, afraid, W. Browne, Shepherd’s Pipe, i. 501. OE. _agrīsan_, to shudder.

=agrum;= see =agrim.=

=aguise, aguize,= to dress, array, deck. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 21. 31; ii. 6. 7. Cp. _guize_, fashion, appearance, ii. 2. 14; ii. 6. 25; ii. 12. 21.

=aim,= in phr. _to cry aim_, to encourage an archer by crying out _aim!_ King John, ii. 1. 196; _to give aim_, to direct; see Webster, Vittoria (ed. Dyce, p. 20). The giver of aim stood near the butts, and reported the success of the shot. Hence _aim-giving_, Ascham, Toxophilus, 160.

=A-la-mi-re,= a name given to the octave of _A-re_; the latter being the second lowest note in the scale, which was denoted by the letter A, and sung to the syllable _re_. Middleton, More Dissemblers, v. 1 (Crotchet); Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 107. N.B. Wrongly defined in the NED.; but the right definition, with a full explanation, is given in NED. under the heading _A-re_. The octave of A was, in fact, sung to the syllable _la_ when occurring in the second hexachord, which began with C; to _mi_, in the third hexachord, which began with F; and to _re_, in the fourth, which began with the octave of G.

=alate,= of late, lately. King Lear, i. 4. 208; Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 3. Still in use in Yorks. and Lancashire (EDD.). ME. _a-late_ (Dest. Troy, 4176).

=albricias,= a reward for good news. Tuke, Adventures of Five Hours, v. 1 (Pedro); Digby, Elvira, ii. 1. 1. Span. _albricias_, reward for newes (Minsheu). Arab. _al bishâra_, joyful tidings, cp. Port. _alviçaras_. See Dozy, _Glossaire_, 74.

=alcatote,= a simpleton, a foolish fellow. Ford, Fancies Chaste, iv. 1 (Spadone). Cp. the Devon word _alkitotle_ (EDD.).

=alcatras,= a name given by English voyagers to the Frigate Bird, _Tachypetes aquilus_, Drayton, The Owl, 549. Port. _alcatráz_, ‘mauve, goéland: oiseau de mer; pélican du Chili, cormoran, calao des Moluques; _alcatráz les Antilhas_, onocrotale, grand gosier, oiseau de marais’ (Roquette).

=alchemy,= a metallic composition imitating gold; spelt _alcumy_, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez); applied to a trumpet of such metal or of brass, ‘Put to their mouths the sounding alchymie’, Milton, P. L. ii. 517.

=Alchoroden,= or =Alchochoden,= the planet which rules in the principal parts of an astrological figure, at the nativity of any one, and which regulates the number of years he has to live. Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 1 (Norbret). So explained in a note. Spelt _alchochoden_, B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter). From Pers. _Kat-khudā_, lord of the ascendant (Richardson). See =almuten.=

=alcumise, alchemize,= to change by help of alchemy, to transmute metals. Heywood, Love’s Mistress, i. 1 (Midas).

=alcumyn,= a kind of brass. Skelton, Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 904. For _alchem-ine_; see =alchemy.=

=alder,= of all; _your alder_ speed, the help of you all; Everyman, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 135. ME. _alder_ (Chaucer). OE. _ealra_, gen. pl. of _eall_, all.

=alderliefest,= dearest of all, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 28; ‘the alderliefest swain of all’, Greene, Descript. Shepherd, 42 (ed. Dyce, p. 304). ME. _alderleuest_ (Chaucer, Tr. & Cr. iii. 239).

=ale,= an ale-house. Two Gent. ii. 5. 61; _at the ale_, Greene, A Looking-glass, iv. 4 (1616); p. 138, col. 1. Cp. ME. _atten ale_, at the ale-house (P. Plowman, B. vi. 117).

=ale-bottle,= a wooden ale-keg. Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 4 (Firk).

=alecie,= drunkenness; a humorous formation from _ale_, with _-cie_ added, as in _luna-cie_ (lunacy). ‘Lunasie or _alecie_’, Lyly, Mother Bombie, iv. 2 (Riscio).

=Ale-conner,= an officer appointed to look to the assize and goodness of bread and ale. Middleton, Mayor of Queenb., iii. 3 (Oliver). A Lincolnshire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ale, 3).

=alegge,= to allay. Spenser, Shep. Kal., March, 5. ME. _alleggyn_ or softyn peyn, ‘allevio, mitigo’ (Prompt. EETS. 21).

=alembic,= an alchemist’s still; sometimes, the head of the still. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon); spelt _lembic_, iii. 2. 4.

=ale-stake,= a stake or pole projecting from an ale-house, to bear a bush, garland, or other sign. Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 191.

=alew,= halloo, outcry. Spenser, F. Q. v. 6. 13.

=alferez,= an ensign, standard-bearer. Fletcher, Rule a Wife, i. 1. 12; _alfarez_, B. Jonson, New Inn, iii. 1 (Tipto). Span. _alférez_. Arab. _al-fâris_, a horseman, from _faras_, a horse.

=alfridaria,= used of the power which a planet has (each for seven years) over a man’s life. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 5. From Arab. root _faraḍa_, to define, decree, appoint a time for a thing; with suffix _-aria_.

=alga,= seaweed. Dryden, Astræa Redux, 119. L. _alga_.

=algate=(=s,= always, continually. Stanyhurst, Aeneid, 1 (ed. 1880, 20); altogether, ‘Una now he algates must forgoe’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 2; nevertheless, notwithstanding, Shep. Kal., Nov., 21. _Algates_ is a north country word, meaning ‘in every way, by all means’ (EDD.). ME. _algates_, notwithstanding (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2222); _allegate_, in every way (Ancren Riwle). See NED.

=alguazier, algazier,= an ‘alguazil’, warrant-officer, serjeant. Fletcher, Span. Curate, v. 2 (heading); Love’s Cure, ii. 1. Span. _alguazir_ (alguazil); Port. _al-vasil_, _al-vazir_; Arab. _al-wazîr_, ‘the minister’, officer, ‘vizier’, from root _wazara_, to carry.

=alicant, alligant,= wine from Alicante in Spain. Fletcher, The Chances, i. 8. 10; Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. 2 (Clown); _aligant_, A Match at Midnight, v. 1 (Sim.).

=a’ life,= as my life, extremely. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 3 (1 Creditor); The Widow, i. 1 (Martino); iv. 1 (2 Suitor).

=alkedavy,= the palace of a cadi or alcalde. Heywood, The Fair Maid, iv. 3 (Mullisheg); v. 1 (Mullisheg). From Arab. _alqâḍawî_, the (palace) of the cadi.

=allay,= alloy. Bacon, Essay 1, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 320. ME. _alay_, inferior metal combined with one of greater value (P. Plowman, B. xv. 342). Norm. F. _aley_, _alay_, from _aleier_, to combine. L. _alligare_.

=allect,= to allure, entice. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 14, § 13; Sir T. More, Works (1557), p. 275, col. 1. Med. L. _allectare_ (Ducange).

=allegge,= to alleviate. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 15. See =alegge.=

=alleggeaunce,= alleviation. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 42. OF. _alegeance_, deriv. of _alegier_, to alleviate. L. _alleviare_, to lighten.

=all-hid,= the game of hide and seek. Love’s Lab. L., iv. 3. 78; cf. Hamlet, iv. 2. 32; Two Angry Women, iv. 1. 27; Tourneur, Rev. Trag., iii. 5. 82.

=All-holland-tide;= see =Hollandtide.=

=alligarta,= alligator. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Overdo); _aligarta_, Romeo and J., v. 1. 43 (1st Q.). Span. _el lagarto_, the lizard.

=alloune, aloune,= let us go. Anglicized form of F. _allons_. Marston, What You Will, ii. 1 (Laverdure).

=all-to-bepowdered,= powdered all over. Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, v. 2 (Mrs. Amlet).

=all-to ruffled,= ruffled extremely. Milton, Comus, 380. The incorrect compound _all-to_ came into use about 1500, in place of the older idiom which would have given the form _all to-ruffled_, with the _to-_ linked to the verb. Here _all_, adv., meant ‘extremely’, and merely emphasized the prefix _to-_. Spelt _all to ruffl’d_ (1645).

=almacanter, almucantury,= a small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon, representing a parallel of altitude. Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (la Fiske). Cp. Chaucer, Astrolabe, pt. ii, § 5. Spelt _almacantara_, B. Jonson, Staple of News. ii. 1 (P. senior). Arab. _al-muqanṭarât_, pl., bridges, arcs, almucanters. See Dozy, 164.

=Almain,= a German. Othello, ii. 3. 87; a kind of dance, Peele, Arraign. of Paris, ii. 2, 28; hence _Almain-leap_, B. Jonson, Devil is an Ass, i. 1 (Satan); _the Almond leape_, Cotgrave (s.v. Saut). OF. _aleman_, German (mod. _allemand_).

=almery,= an aumbry, a cupboard. Morte Arthur, leaf 362, back, 24; bk. xvii. c. 23; _ambry_, Stanyhurst’s Aeneid, bk. ii (ed. Arber. p. 44. 2). For various prov. forms of this word see EDD. (s.v. Ambry). ME. _almery_, of mete kepyng, ‘cibutum’ (Prompt. EETS. 10). Norm. F. _almarie_ (Moisy), Med. L. _armarium_ (Prompt. 395), deriv. of L. _arma_, gear, tools.

=almuten,= the prevailing or ruling planet in a nativity. ‘Almuten lord of the geniture,’ Fletcher, Bloody Brother, iv. 2 (Norbret and Rusee); ‘And Mars Almuthen, or lord of the horoscope’, Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); ‘Almuten Alchochoden’, Tomkis, Albumazar ii. 5 (end). Error for _almutaz_ (NED.); from Arab. _al_, the, and _muʿtaz_, prevailing, from _ʿazz_, to be powerful.

=alonely,= solely. Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 3. 160; _all alonely_, Barnes, Works, p. 226, col. 2; _alonely_, id. p. 227, col. 2. From _all_ and _only_.

=alow,= below, low down. Dryden, Cymon, 370. ‘Ship, by bearing sayl alowe, withstandeth stormes’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 2. In use in Scotland (EDD.). ME. _alowe_: ‘Why somme (briddes) be alowe and somme alofte’ (P. Plowman, B. xii. 222).

=aloyse!= _interj._, look! see! see now! ‘_Aloyse! aloyse_, how pretie it is, is not here a good face?’ Damon and Pithias; in Hazlitt, iv. 79; Anc. Brit. Drama, i. 91.

=alphin, alphyn,= a bishop, in the game of chess. Caxton, Game of the Chesse, bk. ii. ch. 3. § 1. OF. _alfin_, Span. _al-fil_; from Arab. _al-fîl_, ‘the elephant’. Pers. _pîl_, elephant; see Dozy, Glossaire, 113, 114.

=als,= also. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 18; ii. 1. 7. 40; iv. 7. 35. _As als_, as also; id. iv. 4. 2. _Als_ is short for _also_, and _as_ is short for _als_; hence _as als_ = also also.

=alther,= of all. _Alther fyrste_, first of all; Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 303. 2. See =alder.=

=altitonant,= thundering from on high. Middleton, World Tost at Tennis (Pallas). L. _altitonans_, with reference to Jupiter.

=altitudes,= _in the altitudes_, in a lofty mood, full of airs. Beaumont and Fl., Laws of Candy, ii. 1 (Gonzalo); _in his altitudes_, Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, v. 2 (Brass).

=alture,= altitude; said of the sun. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lv., l. 29. Ital. _altura_, height; _alto_, high. L. _altus_, high.

=aludel,= an alchemist’s pot, used for sublimation. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). F. _aludel_, OF. _alutel_. Arab. _al-uthāl_, the utensil. See NED.

=alvarado,= the rousing of soldiers at dawn of day by the beating of the drum or the firing of a gun; ‘so that the very alverado given sounds the least hope of conquest’, Dekker, Wh. of Babylon (Works, iii. 255); O. Fortunatus, ii. 1 (Soldan). Port. _alvorada_, ‘aube, la pointe du jour; (Mil.). Diane, battement de tambour, coup de canon à la pointe du jour pour éveiller les soldats’; _alvór_, ‘la première pointe du jour’ (Roquette).

=amate,= to dismay, daunt, confound. Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 45; ii. 1. 6 and 2. 5; Greene, Orl. Fur. ii. 1 (488); ‘_Matter_, to quell, mate, amate’, Cotgrave. Norm. F. _amatir_, ‘soumettre par la frayeur, terrifier’ (Moisy). See Nares.

=amazza,= (perhaps) slaughter. Pl. _amazza’s_; Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). From Ital. _ammazzare_, to slay (Florio).

=amber,= to perfume with ambergris. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 2 (Zabulon). The sb. is spelt _ambre_ in B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer).

=ambidexter,= one who acts with either party, a double-dealer. Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Dryfat); Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503. Med. L. _ambidexter_, ‘judex qui ab utraque parte dona accipit’ (Ducange).

=Ambree, Mary,= an English heroine, who fought at the siege of Ghent in 1584. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2 (Turfe).

=amell,= to enamel. Pp. _amell’d_; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvi. 123. ‘I _ammell_ as a goldesmyth dothe his worke, _Jesmaille_’, Palsgrave. ME. _amelen_, to enamel (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1080). Anglo-F. _aymeler_ (Rough List). See =aumayld.=

=amenage,= to domesticate, make quite tame. Only in Spenser, F. Q. ii, 4. 11. OF. _amenagier_, _amesnagier_, to receive into a house. Deriv. of _mesnage_, a household, whence E. _menagerie_.

=amenaunce,= conduct, behaviour, mien. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 17; Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 781. Deriv. of F. _amener_, to lead, conduct.

=ames-ace,= double aces, the lowest throw with dice. All’s Well, ii. 3. 85; used as a term of contempt, _ambs-ace_, Beaumont and Fl., Queen of Corinth, iv. 1 (Page). ME. _ambes as_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 124). Norm. F. _ambes as_, ‘deux as, mauvaise chance’ (Moisy). See =aums-ace.=

=amiss,= a fault, misdeed, misfortune. Hamlet, iv. 5. 18; Sonnet xxxv. 7; cli. 3; Heywood, Pt. 2, King Edward IV (Works, i. 119).

=amite,= aunt. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 88, back, 13. L. _amita_, father’s sister.

=ammiral,= admiral. Milton, P. L. i. 294. OF. _amiral_; Port. _amiralh_.

=amomus,= amomum, an odoriferous plant. Nabbes, Microcosmus, iii. 13 (from end). L. _amomum_; Gk. ἄμωμον. See NED.

=amoneste,= to admonish. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216. 1; lf. 327. 17. Anglo-F. _amonester_ (Rough List).

=amoret,= a love-glance, a loving look. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1264); scene 9. 177 (W.); p. 168, col. 2; also iv. 2 (1668); scene 12. 8 (W.); p. 173, col. 2. F. _amourette_, a love-trick (Cotgr.).

=amort,= in phr. _all amort_, spiritless, dejected. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1; Taming Shrew, iv. 3. 36; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 124. The phr. is due to F. _à la mort_, to the death. See NED.

=amortise,= to alienate in mortmain, to convey (property) to a corporation. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 71. Anglo-F. _amortir_ (see Rough List). Med. L. _admortire_, ‘concedere in manum mortuam’ (Ducange).

=a-mothering;= see =mothering.=

=amphiboly,= an ambiguity, a sentence that can be construed in two different senses. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Compass). L. _amphibolia_; Gk. ἀμφιβολία, ambiguity.

=amphisbæna,= a serpent fabled to have a head at each end, and hence capable of advancing in either direction. Milton, P. L. x. 524. Gk. ἀμφίσβαινα, a kind of serpent that can go either forwards or backwards (Aeschylus).

=amrell,= admiral. Skelton, How the douty Duke of Albany, 55. See =ammiral.=

=amuse,= to distract, bewilder, puzzle. B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 6 (Macro); ‘I am amused, I am in a quandary, gentlemen.’ Chapman, Mons. D’Olive, ii. (D’Olive). See Dict.

=an,= if (freq. in Shaks.); in old edds. mostly written _and_. Of very freq. occurrence in the phrase _an it please you_, 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 18; _an if_, if, Othello, iii. 4. 83. See =and if.=

=anadem,= a wreath, chaplet. B. Jonson, Masque of the Barriers (Truth); Drayton, The Owl, 1168. Gk. ἀνάδημα, a headband; from ἀναδέειν, to bind up.

=analects,= pl. scraps, gleanings. ‘No gleanings, James? No trencher-_analects_?’ (lit. gleanings from trenchers), Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 5 (Rhymewell). Gk. ἀνάλεκτα, things gathered up; from _ἀναλέγειν_, to pick up.

=anatomy,= a skeleton. King John, iii. 4. 25; Com. Errors, v. 1. 238; Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 121. Cf. =atomy.=

=anchor,= an anchorite, hermit. Hamlet, iii. 2. 229. ME. _ancre_, a hermit (P. Plowman, C. i. 30; ix. 146). OE. _ancra_ (Ælfric), shortened from Eccles. L. _anachoreta_ (Ducange); Gk. ἀναχορητής, one who withdraws, retires (from the world).

=ancient,= an ‘ensign’, standard, or flag. Hence, _ancient-bearer_, a standard-bearer, an ‘ensign’; ‘_alférez_, an ancient-bearer, signifer’, Percivall, Span. Dict.; ‘office or charge, as captaine . . . sergeant, ancient-bearer’, Act 3, Jas. I (NED.); Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 2 (Shadow); also _ancient_ (alone), ‘Welcome, Ancient Pistol!’ 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 120; Othello, i. 1. 33. A corrupt form of _ensign_. Anglo-F. _enseigne_, a standard (Rough List).

=ancome,= a boil, a foul swelling. Eastward Ho! iii. 2 (Mrs. T.). ‘_Vijt_, an ancombe, or a sore upon one’s finger’, Hexham. _Ancome_ is a north-country word (EDD.). ME. _oncome_; used of the plagues of Egypt (Cursor M., 5927). Cp. Icel. _ákoma_, arrival, visitation; eruption on the skin.

=and if= (a redundant expression, both particles having the same meaning). ‘But and yf that evyll servaunt shall saye in his herte,’ Tyndal, Matt. xxiv. 48 (cp. A. V.); Two Gent. iii. 1. 257; All’s Well, ii. 1. 74. See =an.=

=andveld,= an anvil. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 216, back, 16. ME. _anefeld_ (Wyclif, Job xli. 15), OE. _anfilte_ (Sweet).

=anele,= to anoint with holy oil. ‘I aneele a sicke man, I anoynte hym with holy oyle’; and ‘I aneele a sicke man . . . j’enhuylle’, Palsgrave. Hence =unaneled,= q.v. ME. _anelen_ (R. Brunne, Handl. Synne, 11269). Deriv. of OE. _ele_, oil, L. _oleum_.

=an-end,= on end. Hamlet, i. 5. 19; _still an-end_, continually, Two Gent. iv. 4. 68. _An-end_ in the sense of ‘without stop or intermission’ is in prov. use in various parts of England from Durham to Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. On-end, 3).

=anenst,= side by side with, beside, opposite, in view of; ‘And right anenst him’, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). See EDD. (s.v. Anent). ME. _anentis_, with, in view of; ‘Anentis men this thing is impossible, but anentis God alle thingis ben possible’ (Wyclif, Matt. xix. 26); _anent_ ‘juxta’ (Barbour’s Bruce, viii. 124). OE. _on efen_, on even (ground) with.

=angel,= applied to a bird. ‘An _angel_ of the air’, Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 16; ‘Roman angel’, the eagle, Massinger, ii. 2 (Harpax).

=angel,= a gold coin worth 10_s._ Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 56. Very common, and often used in quibbles.

=angelot,= a small rich cheese, made in Normandy. Davenant, The Wits, iv. 1 (Y. Pallantine). Said to be so called from being stamped with the coin called an _angelot_, a piece struck by Louis XI (so Littré). F. _angelot_, the cheese called an angelot (Cotgr.).

=angler,= a term used of a thief who fished for plunder, through an open window, with a rod, line, and hook. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll).

=another-gates,= of a different kind. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. 428; Lyly, Mother Bombie, A. i (Nares). From _gate_, a way; lit. ‘of another way’. In prov. use in Lancashire (EDD.).

=another-guess,= of a different kind. ‘This is another-guess sort’, Foote, The Orators, A. iii (O’Drogheda). Howell has the intermediate form _another-gets_ in his Famil. Letters, vol. i. sect. 4. letter 9 (Feb. 5, 1635). Corruption of the form above. In prov. use in Gloucestershire (EDD.).

=anslaight,= an onslaught. Fletcher, M. Thomas, ii. 2 _or_ ii. 3 (Sebastian). Some read _onslaught_; see NED.

=anthropophagi,= pl. man-eaters, cannibals. Othello, i. 3. 144; Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 111 (Orlando, p. 90, col. 2). L. pl. of _anthropophagus_, Gk. ἀνθρωποφάγος, man-eating; from ἄνθρωπος, a man, φαγεῖν, to eat.

=antick,= a grotesque pageant or theatrical representation. Ford, Love’s Sacrifice, iii. 2 (Fernando); Love’s Lab. L., v. 1. 119.

=antick,= a burlesque performer, buffoon, merry-andrew. Richard II, iii. 2. 162; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 51. Ital. _antico_, grotesque. L. _antiquus_, antique. For the development of the meaning of the Ital. _antico_ from ‘antique’ to ‘grotesque’, see the full account in NED.

=antimasque,= a burlesque interlude between the acts of a masque. The prefix is uncertain; perhaps for L. _ante_, before (NED.). But B. Jonson has the form _antick-masque_, Masque of Augurs (Noteh). Bacon has _anti-masque_, Essay 37; cf. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 2 (Lorenzo).

=antiperistasis,= a contrast of circumstances; opposition. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Mercury). Gk. ἀντιπερίστασις, reciprocal replacement of two substances.

=antlier,= an antler, tine of a stag’s horn. ‘The first _antlier_, which Phoebus calleth and termeth _antoiller_’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21, p. 53. The lowest tine was _the burre_, growing out of _the pearles_; the second tine, the _antlier_; the third, the _surantlier_; the next, _royal_ and _surroyal_; and those at the top, _croches_ (more correctly spelt _troches_ at p. 137); see Turbervile (as above), p. 54. ‘The thing that beareth the antliers, royals, and tops [or troches] ought to be called _the beame_, and the little clyffes or streakes therein are called _gutters_’; id. p. 53. OF. _antoillier_ (F. _andouiller_).

=antre,= a cave. Othello, i. 3. 140. F. _antre_, L. _antrum_, Gk. ἄντρον.

=aourne,= to adorn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 223, back, 17; lf. 253, back, 15. Anglo-F. _aourner_ (_adourner_), to adorn (Gower).

=apaid, appaid,= satisfied. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 381 (Guenthian); Chapman, Iliad, v. 143; Milton, P. L. xii. 401; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 28; v. 11. 64; Shep. Kal., Aug., 6. ME. _apayed_, satisfied (Wyclif, Luke iii. 14); pp. of _apayen_. Norm. F. _apaier_ (Moisy); deriv. of _paier_, L. _pacare_, to pacify.

=apayre,= to impair, injure. Morte Arthur, leaf 51, back, 12; bk. iii. c. 3. ME. _apeyryn_, to make worse (Prompt. EETS. 21). OF. _empeirer_, deriv. of L. _peiorare_, from _peior_, worse. See =appair.=

=apeche, appeche,= to ‘impeach’, charge with a crime. Morte Arthur, leaf 212, back, 23; bk. x. c. 7; ‘I apeche, I accuse’, Palsgrave. ME. _apechyn_, ‘appellare’ (Prompt. EETS. 13). Anglo-F. _empescher_ (Rough List). Late L. _impedicare_, to hinder, catch by a fetter (Ducange). See =appeach.=

=A-per-se,= A by itself; a type of excellence, because A begins the alphabet. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, iii. 3 (Lazarillo); Mirror for Mag., Warwicke, st. 1.

=apostata,= apostate. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 3 (Theoph.); v. 2 (Artemia). The usual old form.

=apostle spoons,= silver spoons, the handle of each terminating in the figure of an apostle; usually given by sponsors at christenings. B. Jonson, Barthol. Fair, Act i (Quarlous); Fletcher, Noble Gentlemen, v. 2 (Longueville).

=appair, apaire,= to impair, damage. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § last; Skelton, Against Garnesche, i. 19. Also intrans.; ‘I appayre or waxe worse’, Palsgrave. See =apayre.=

=appeach,= to ‘impeach’, accuse, censure. Richard II, v. 2. 79; Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 47. See =apeche.=

=apperil,= peril, risk. Timon, i. 2. 32; B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, v. 3 (Sledge); Magnetic Lady, v. 6 (Ironside).

=appertise,= dexterity, a feat of dexterity. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 122, back, 4; lf. 303, back, 29. OF. _appertise_, ‘industrie, dextérité, tour d’adresse’; Histoire de Charles VII: ‘Fist de belles vaillances et appertises d’armes contre les Anglois’, see Didot, Glossaire; _appert_, ‘adroit industrieux, habile en sa profession’ (id.). Cp. O. Prov. _espert_, ‘adroit, habile’ (Levy). L. _expertus_.

=apple-John,= or _John-apple_, an apple said to keep for two years, and in perfection when shrivelled. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 5; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, iv. 2 (Shadow). Ripe about St. John’s day (June 24). Purposely confused with _apple-squire_, a pander, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous).

=apple-squire,= a pander. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 8 (Kiteley); Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, Meg’s Song.

=apposal,= a posing question. Skelton has _apposelle_, Garl. of Laurell, 141. From _appose_, v.

=appose,= to ‘pose’, to ask a difficult question. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 1. 14; Short Catechism, Edw. VI, 495 (NED.). ME. _appose_, _apose_ (P. Plowman, C. ii. 45). Cp. to question (Chaucer, C. T. G. 363), Prompt. 13: ‘_Aposen_ or _oposyn_, opponere’. F. _aposer_ (for _opposer_), to make a trial of a person’s learning; see Palsgrave (s.v. Oppose).

=appropinque,= to approach. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i. c. 3. 590. L. _appropinquare_.

=approve,= to prove, demonstrate to be true; to corroborate, confirm. Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 79; All’s Well, iii. 7. 13; to put to the proof, test, as in _approved_, tested, tried, 1 Hen. IV, i. 1. 54.

=apricock,= an apricot. Richard II, iii. 4. 29; Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 1. 291. ‘_Abricot_, the abricot or apricock plumb’, Cotgrave. _Apricock_ is in common prov. use in various parts of England from the north country to Somerset; _abricock_ is the usual form in West Somerset (EDD.). Port. _albricoque_.

=aqueity,= watery quality. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle).

=arace, arasche,= to tear, tear away. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 256, back, 14; lf. 319. 1. ‘I _arace_, I pull a thyng by violence from one’, Palsgrave. ME. _arace_, to uproot (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 954). OF. _esrachier_; L. _exradicare_, to tear up by the roots.

=arber, erber,= the whole ‘pluck’ of a slain animal. _To make the erbere_, to take out the ‘pluck’, the first stage in disembowelling, Boke of St. Albans, fol. iij.; Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 (Hubert); spelt _arbor_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Marian). F. _herbier_, ‘le premier ventricule du bœuf et des autres animaux qui ruminent’, Dict. de l’Acad. (1762).

=arblast,= a cross-bow used for the discharge of arrows, bolts, stones, &c., Caxton, Chron. Eng. xxviii. 23 (NED.). ME. _arblaste_ (Rob. Glouc., ed. 1810, 377). Anglo-F. _arbeleste_, Late L. _arcubalista_, a bow for throwing missiles.

=arblaster,= a cross-bowman, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 144, back, 20; lf. 284, back, 30. ME. _arblaster_ (K. Alisaunder, ed. Weber, 2613). Anglo-F. _arblaster_, Med. L. _arcubalistarius_ (Ducange).

=arcted,= pp. closely allied. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 336. L. _arctare_, to draw close; from _arctus_, confined. See =art= (to constrain).

=arecte,= to assign, attribute, impute. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 95. The form used by Lydgate for _arette_. Med. L. _arrectare_, to accuse (Ducange), due to association with _rectum_. See =arette.=

=areed,= to counsel, advise. Milton, P. L. iv. 962; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, viii. 85; to explain, recount, Drayton, vi. 87. ME. _arede_, to explain, counsel (Chaucer). OE. _ārǣdan_, to explain.

=areed,= advice. Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Little John); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 116.

=arette,= to count, reckon. Morte Arthur, Caxton’s Pref., leaf. 1, back. (_Aret_, _arret_, misused in Spenser in the sense of ‘to entrust, allot’; F. Q. ii. 8. 8; iii. 8. 7.) ME. _aretten_, to count, reckon (Wyclif, Luke xxii. 37). Anglo-F. _aretter_, to lay to one’s charge (Rough List); cp. Span. _retar_, to accuse. O. Prov. _reptar_, ‘blâmer, accuser’ (Levy). L. _reputare_, to count, reckon.

=arew,= in a row. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 29. Chapman, tr. Iliad, vi. 259; Odyssey, viii. 679. _Rew_ is a prov. form of the word ‘row’ (EDD.). ME. _a-rew_, ‘seriatim’ (Prompt. EETS. 15); _a-rewe_, in succession (Chaucer, C. T. D. 1254). OE. _rǣw_, a row. See =rew.=

=argaile,= argol; i.e. tartar deposited from wine and adhering to the side of a cask. B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Subtle). ME. _argoile_, crude tartar (Chaucer, C. T. G. 813). Anglo-F. _argoil_ (Rough List).

=argal,= therefore. Hamlet, v. 1. 21. A clown’s substitution for L. _ergo_, therefore.

=argent,= silver; hence, money. Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 (Roister). F. _argent_. L. _argentum_, silver.

=argent vive,= quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon). Cp. F. _vif-argent_, quick-silver (Cotgr.).

=Argier, Argièr,= Algier, Algiers. _Argier_, Temp. i. 2. 261; _Argiers_, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Beauf. sen.).

=argin,= an embankment in front of a fort, glacis. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 2. 85; 3. 23. Ital. _argine_, ‘a banke’ (Florio). See Ducange (s.v. Arger (‘agger’) and Arginerius).

=argolet,= a light-armed horse-soldier. Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2. 2; iv. 1 (Abdelmelec). F. _argolet_ (Cotgr.); _argoulet_, Essais de Montaigne I. xxv (ed. 1870, p. 68): ‘Les _argoulets_ étaient des arquebuisiers à cheval; et comme ils n’étaient pas considérables en comparaison des autres cavaliers on a dit un _argoulet_ pour un homme de néant’ (Ménage).

=argolettier,= a light-armed horse-soldier. Florio, tr. Montaigne, bk. i. ch. 25: ‘_Guidone_, a banner or cornet for horsemen that be shot, or Argolettiers’, Florio, Ital. Dict. See NED.

=argosy,= a merchant-vessel. Twice used as if it were _plural_; Marlowe, Jew of Malta, i. 1. The original sense was ‘a ship of Ragusa’, the name of a port in Dalmatia, on the Adriatic. Ragusa appears in 16th-cent. English as _Aragouse_, _Arragosa_ (NED.).

=argument,= subject, topic, theme. Much Ado, i. 1. 266; 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 104; ii. 4. 314. So L. _argumentum_ (Quintilian).

=arietation,= an attack with a battering-ram. Bacon, Essay 58, § 8. L. _ariēs_, a ram.

=armado,= an army. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 14. Span. _armada_. Med. L. _armata_, army (Ducange); cp. F. _armée_.

=armiger,= an esquire. Purposely altered to _armigero_ in Merry Wives, i. 1. 10. L. _armiger_, one who bears arms, in Med. L. an esquire.

=armine,= a beggar, a poor wretch. London Prodigal, v. 1. 174. Coined from Du. _arm_, poor; and put into the mouth of a supposed Dutchwoman.

=armipotent,= powerful in arms. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 545; iii. 293. L. _armipotens_, powerful in arms.

=arms:= phr. _to give arms_, to have the right to bear arms, in the heraldic sense. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo).

=aroint thee!,= begone!, out of the way!, make room!, ‘aroint thee, witch!’ King Lear, iii. 4. 127; Macbeth, i. 3. 6. ‘A lady well acquainted with the dialect of Cheshire informed me that the word is still in use there. For example, if the cow presses too close to the maid who is milking her, she will give the animal a push, saying at the same time, _’Roynt thee!_ by which she means, stand off’ (Nares). _Roint_ is used in this sense in the north country: Yorks., Lancs., and Cheshire (EDD.). OE. _rȳm ðū, gerȳm ðū_, make thou room, cp. _rȳm þysum men setl_, give this man place (Luke xiv. 9); _rȳman_, to make room, deriv. of _rūm_, wide, roomy. See Dict.

=arpine, arpent,= a French acre. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iii. 1 (near the end). F. _arpent_.

=arraign,= to arrange, place. Webster, Sir T. Wyatt (Suffolk), ed. Dyce, p. 187: ‘See them arraign’d, I will set forward straight’, Webster (Wks. ii. 261). See Halliwell.

=arras-powder,= orris-powder. Webster, White Devil (Brachiano), ed. Dyce, p. 41. So also _arras_, orris; Duchess of Malfi, iii. 2 (Duchess). See Halliwell (s.v. Arras (2)).

=arraught,= _pt. t._, seized forcibly, with violence. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 34. ME. _arahte_, pt. t. of _arachen_, to obtain, attain (Gower, C. A. i. 3207). OE. _ārǣcan_, to attain.

=arre,= to snarl as a dog. ‘They _arre_ and bark’, Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Autumn), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 44; ‘a dog snarling _er_’, B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1. 691 (Subtle).

=arrearages,= arrears. Massinger, Picture, ii. 2 (Honoria); Cymb. ii. 4. 13. OF. _arerage_; from _arere_, behind.

=arrect,= to direct upwards, to raise. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 55; to set upright, ‘I arecte . . . or set up a thyng; _Je metz sus . . . je metz debout_’, Palsgrave. From L. _arrect-_, pp. stem of _arrigere_, to raise up.

=arride,= to please, gratify. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of his Humour, ii. 1 (Fastidious); Marmion, The Antiquary, ii. 1 (Mocinigo). L. _arridere_, to smile upon.

=arrouse,= to bedew, moisten. Spelt _arowze_, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 4. 103; _arrowsid_, pp., Caxton, Hist. of Troye, leaf 249, back, l. 24. Norm. F. _ar_(_r_)_ouser_, ‘arroser’ (Moisy). O. Prov. _arozar_ (Levy). Romanic type *_arrosare_, L. _ad_ + _rorare_, fr. _ros_, dew.

=arsedine,= a gold-coloured alloy of copper and zinc, rolled into thin leaf, and used to ornament toys. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Trash). Of unknown origin.

=arsee-versee,= _adv._, backside foremost, contrary-wise, conversely. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 13; Diogenes, § 45; ‘fighting arsie-versie’, Butler, Hudibras, i. 3. 827; ‘_Cul sur pointe_, topsie-turvy, arsie-varsie’, Cotgrave. In common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Arsy-versy).

=arsmetrike,= arithmetic. Fabyan, vii. 604 (NED.). ME. _arsmetrike_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 2222); _arsmetique_ (Gower, C. A. vii. 149). OF. _arismetique_, Med. L. _arismetica_ for L. _arithmetica_, Gk. ἡ ἀριθμητική (τέχνη). The form _arsmetrike_ is due to popular etymology, which associated the word with L. _ars metrica_, ‘the art of measure’. See NED. (s.v. Arithmetic).

=arsmetry,= a corruption of _arsmetrick_, by form-association with _geometry_. Greene, A Looking-glass, iii. 2 (1161); p. 132, col. 1.

=arson,= saddle-bow. ‘The arson of his sadel’, Morte Arthur, leaf 339, back, 22; bk. xvi. c. 10. F. _arçon_.

=art,= to constrain. Court of Love, l. 46. ‘I _arte_, I constrayne’, Palsgrave. L. _artare_, to confine. See =arcted.=

=artier,= an artery. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, v. 3 (Physician). F. _artere_, ‘an artery’ (Cotgr.). L. _arteria_, Gk. ἀρτηρία.

=artillery,= missile weapons. ‘_Artillarie_ now a dayes is taken for ii. thinges, Gunnes and Bowes’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 65; Bacon, Essay 29, § 3; Fairfax, Tasso xvii. 49; BIBLE, 1 Sam. xx. 40 (AV.). Norm. F. _artillerie_, ‘armes de jet et de trait, non à feu; comme arbalètes, flèches, lances, etc.’ (Moisy).

=askaunces,= as if, as much as to say. Gascoigne, Dan Bartholomew; ed. Hazlitt, i. 113, l. 4; i. 136, l. 16. So in Chaucer, C. T. G. 838. Cp. OF. _quanses_, as if (Godefroy). See Romania, xviii. 152; Cliges (ed. Förster, l. 4553, note). The M. Dutch _quansijs_ (as if saying, as much as to say) in Reinaert, 2569 (ed. Martin, p. 78) is probably the same word as the OF. _quanses_. The Chaucerian use of _ascaunces_ in Tr. and Cr. i. 205, 292 is precisely the same as that of _als quansijs_ in Reinaert.

=aspect,= (_aspéct_), the peculiar position and influence of a planet. King Lear, ii. 2. 112. Common. ME. _aspect_, the angular distance between two planets (Chaucer).

=asper,= a Turkish coin worth about two farthings or less. Fletcher, Span. Curate, iii. 3 (Jamie). F. _aspre_. Byzantine Gk. ἄσπρον, white money, from ἄσπρος, white.

=asprely,= fiercely. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 17. § 8. OF. _aspre_; L. _asper_, fierce.

=assalto,= assault. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 (Bobadil). Ital. _assalto_.

=assassinate,= an assassin, murderer. Dryden, Span. Friar, iv. 1 (Dominic); Don Sebastian, v. 1 (Almeyda).

=assay,= proof, trial; attempt; attack. Hamlet, ii. 1. 65; ii. 2. 71; iii. 3. 69. _At all assays_, in every trial or juncture, in any case, on every occasion, always, Drayton, Harmony of the Church, Ecclus. xxxvi. st. 6; ‘At all assayes, _en tous poynts_’, Palsgrave. ME. _assay_, trial (Chaucer, C. T. D. 290). Anglo-F. _assai_ (Gower).

=assinego,= a donkey, a dolt. Also _asinego_, Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Welford); _asinigo_, Marmion, Antiquary, v. 1 (Ant.). Spelt _asinico_ in ed. 1606; Tr. and Cr. ii. 1. 49; Span. _asnico_, ‘a little asse’ (Minsheu), deriv. of _asno_, an ass, L. _asinus_, ass.

=assistant,= used by Fletcher for Span. _asistente_, the chief officer of justice at Seville. Span. Curate, iii. 1. 15.

=assoil,= to set free, to dispel. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 58; iv. 5. 30. A peculiar use of _assoil_, to absolve. ME. _assoilen_, to absolve, pardon, discharge (Chaucer). Anglo-F. _assoiler_, to pardon (Rough List); _-soiler_ is formed from the present stem _soille_ of the verb _soldre_, Romanic type _sol’re_, L. _solvere_, to loosen.

=assoil,= used for _soil_, to sully, taint. Fletcher, Queen of Corinth, iii. 1 (Euphanes). [NED. quotes a modern instance, from D’Israeli.]

=assot,= to befool, make a fool of. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 10. 8; iii. 8. 22; _assot_, pp. infatuated, Shep. Kal., March, 25. Anglo-F. _assoter_, to make a fool of, deriv. of _sot_, a fool (Gower). Med. L. _sottus_, ‘stolidus, bardus, simplex’ . . . ‘hinc Carolus Sottus, qui vulgo “Simplex”’ (Ducange).

=assurd,= to burst forth. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 302. OF. _assordre_, _essordre_, L. _exsurgere_.

=assured,= affianced. Com. Errors, iii. 2. 145; King John, ii. 535.

=astart,= to start up. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 29.

=astarte,= to escape. Turbervile, Hunting, 138. ME. _asterte_, to escape (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1802).

=astert,= to come suddenly upon, happen suddenly to. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 187. ME. _asterte_, to happen, befall (Gower, C. A. i. 722; v. 707).

=astone,= to astound, confound. Peele, Sir Clyomon; ed. Dyce, p. 526. ME. _aston-en_ (Chaucer); OF. _estoner_; Pop. Lat. _extonare_, for L. _attonare_, to stun, stupefy as by thunder, _tonare_, to thunder.

=astonied,= astonished, astounded. BIBLE, AV.: Job xvii. 8; Jer. xiv. 9; North’s Plutarch, M. Antonius (ed. Skeat, p. 204); stunned, Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 227; spelt _astoynde_, astounded, Sackville Mirrour, Induct. 29. ME. _astonie_, to amaze (Chaucer, H. Fame, iii. 1174). See =stoin.=

=astracism,= an astracism, or collection of stars. ‘The threefold astracism’, Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. Possibly a deriv. of Med. L. _astracum_ ‘pavimentum domus’ (Ducange); cp. Ital. _astracco_, a fretted ceiling (Florio).

=at-after,= after. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 22; Richard III, iv. 3. 31. In prov. use in various parts of England from the north to Shropshire (EDD.). ME. _at after_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1445).

=at all!= a gamester’s exclamation, when he challenges all present. ‘Cry at all!’, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2. 4; ‘have at all!’, Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 391.

=atchievement,= ‘achievement’, an ensign memorial granted in memory of some achievement or distinguished feat. Milton, Tetrachordon (Trench, Sel. Gl.); Dryden, Palamon, iii. 344, 932.

=athanor,= an alchemist’s furnace. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Subtle). Arab. _attannūr_; _al_, the, _tannūr_, furnace.

=atomy,= an atom. As You Like It, iii. 2. 245; a tiny being, id. iii. 5. 13.

=atomy,= an emaciated person, a walking skeleton. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 33 (Qu. 1597). For _anatomy_ (a skeleton), the _an-_ being taken for the indef. article.

=atone,= to set two persons ‘at one’. ‘Since we cannot atone you’, Richard III, i. 1. 202; to agree, Coriolanus, iv. 6. 72.

=atonement,= reconciliation. Richard III, i. 3. 36; Beaumont and Fl., Bloody Brother, i. 1 (Rolls).

=attaint,= to hit, strike, wound. ‘His attainted thigh’, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 572; _attaint_, pp. stricken, Sackville, Induction, st. 15. ‘I _atteynt_, I hyt or touche a thyng, _Iattayngs_’, Palsgrave.

=attame,= to commence. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 19, 12; lf. 71, back, 28. OF. _atamer_; L. _attaminare_, to lay hands on. Cp. O. Prov. _entamenar_. ‘entamer’ (Levy). See Hatzfeld (s.v. Entamer).

=atte,= for _at the_; _atte last_, at the last; _atte castel_, at the castle; Morte Arthur (see Glossary); _atten ale_ (_at nale_), at the ale-house; Skelton, Bowge of Courte, 387. ME. _atte_, at the (Chaucer); _atte nale_, at the ale-house (P. Plowman, c. viii. 19).

=attend,= attendance. Greene, A Looking-glass, i. 1. 8.

=attent,= attentive, attentively. Milton, P. R. i. 385; Dryden, Wife of Bath, 310.

=attentate,= a criminal attempt or assault. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 86. F. _attentat_, ‘tentative criminelle’ (Hatzfeld).

=atteynt,= an ‘attaint’, a wound on a horse’s foot due to a blow or injury; either from overstepping, or from being trodden on by another horse. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 113; Topsell, Four-footed Beasts, 313 (NED.).

=attonce,= at once. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 2 (Paris); iv. 1 (Paris).

=attract,= an attractive quality, charm. ‘The Soule . . . glides after these attracts’, Manchester Al Mondo (ed. 1639, p. 117). Late L. _attractus_, attraction.

=attrapt,= ‘trapped’, furnished with ‘trappings’; said of a horse. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 4. 39.

=attrite,= worn by friction. Milton, P. L. x. 1073. L. _attritus_.

=atwite,= to reproach, upbraid, twit. Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 85; spelt _attwite_, Hazlitt, Early Pop. Poetry, iii. 25. OE. _æt_, prep., and _wītan_, to blame. The mod. E. _twit_ is a shortened form of _atwite_.

=auberge,= a lodging, a term technically applied to a reception-house provided by the Knights Hospitallers, hence, to their fraternity. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 3 (Mountferrat). F. _auberge_, O. Prov. _alberga_. Cp. Med. L. _albergia_, ‘apud Milites Hospital. S. Joan. Hieros. vocantur domus, in quibus Fratres Ordinis per nationes una comedunt et congregantur. Statuta ejusd. Ordin. tit. 19 § 3’ (Ducange).

=aubifane,= the corn blue-bottle, _Centaurea cyanus_. Peacham, Comp. Gentleman, c. 14, p. 158. F. _aubifoin_, the weed Blew-bottle (Cotgr.).

=auke,= backward, contrary to the usual way, from left to right. ‘With an auke stroke’, Morte Arthur, leaf 156, back; bk. viii. c. 25 (end); ‘Ringing as awk as the bells, to give notice of the conflagration’, Lestrange, Fables (NED.). In E. Anglia bells are said to be ‘rung awk’ when they are rung backward or contrary to the usual way, to give alarm of fire (EDD.). The word is found in many German dialects: Kurhessen, _afk_ perverse (Vilmar). See =awk.=

=auke,= untoward, froward. Tusser, Husbandry, § 62. 13.

=aukly,= inauspiciously; said of the flight of birds. Golding, Metam. v. 147; fol. 57, back.

=aulf,= elf, goblin. Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 10. See =ouphe.=

=aumayld,= enamelled. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 57. Deriv. of OF. _amail_, for _esmail_, enamel. See =amell.=

=aums-ace,= double aces; given as the name of a card-game. Interlude of Youth, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ii. 35. See =ames-ace.=

=aunt,= a cant term for a bawd or procuress. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (first speech); Michaelmas Term, ii. 3 (Thomasine).

=aunters:= in phr. _in aunters_, in case, in case that, if. ‘In aunters the Englishmen shoulde sturre’, Robinson, tr. of More’s Utopia, p. 57. _Aunters_ (without _in_) was used in the same sense, and represented an adverbial form founded on _aunter_, a contraction of _aventure_ (Mod. E. _adventure_); see _Aunters_ in NED. Cp. the Yorkshire word _anters_: ‘We must have it ready, anters they come’ (i.e. in case they come); see EDD. (s.v. Aunters, 2).

=autem mort,= a married woman (Cant). ‘_Autem-mortes_ be maried wemen’, Harman, Caveat, p. 67. He adds ‘for Autem in their [slang] language is a Churche; so she is a wyfe maried at the Church’. Spelt _autumn mort_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Randal).

=avails,= profits, proceeds, ‘vails’. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 94).

=avale, avail,= to sink, descend, droop; also, to lower, let down. To sink, Spenser. F. Q. i. 1. 21; iii. 2. 29; to descend, ii. 9. 10; iv. 3. 46; to droop, Shep. Kal., Feb., 8; to lower, let down, F. Q. iv. 10. 19; Shep. Kal., Jan., 73. Anglo-F. _avaler_, to lower, bring down, swallow, deriv. of _aval_, down, lit. to the valley (Gower), L. _ad vallem_.

=avaunce,= to advance, promote, Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 71. ME. _avaunce_, to promote (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 2022). Anglo-F. _avancer_ (Gower).

=avaunt,= to ‘vaunt’, boast. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 6. ME. _avaunten_ (Chaucer). Anglo-F. _s’avanter_, to boast; _avantance_, _avanterie_, boasting (Gower).

=Ave-Mary bell,= a bell rung daily (once or twice) to direct the recital of an Ave-Maria, or prayer to the Virgin. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. 1. § 3.

=avenant,= suitable; _after the avenant_, in proportion, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 149. 30; _at avenant_, in proportion, id. lf. 225. 4. ‘Fayre and avenant’, fair and graceful, id. lf. 256. 4. ME. _avenaunt_, graceful, comely (Chaucer, Rom. Rose, 1263). Anglo-F. _avenant_, suitable, agreeable (Gower), pres. pt. of _avenir_, to be suitable (id.).

=avente him,= to refresh himself with air. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 298. 2. ME. _aventen_, to open the helmet to admit the cool air, to refresh with cool air (Merlin, xx. 335). Anglo-F. _aventer_; cp. OF. _esventer_ (mod. _éventer_), Med. L. _eventare_ (Ducange), L. _ex_ + _ventus_, wind.

†=aventre= (?). ‘[She] aventred her spear’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 28; ‘[He] aventred his spear’, iv. 3. 9; ‘aventring his lance’, iv. 6. 11. The phrase ‘they aventred their speres’ occurs in King Arthur (ed. Copland); see NED. Can this word be an error for _aveutre_? _Aveutre_ = _afeutre_ = OF. _afeutrer_, to lay a spear in rest in the _feutre_, the felt-lined socket for a lance or spear attached to the saddle of a knight. Spenser has the verb _fewter_ equivalent in meaning to _afeutrer_ in F. Q. iv. 6. 10: ‘He his threatfull speare Gan fewter’. See NED. (s.v. Fewter).

=aventure,= in phr. _at aventure_, at adventure, at hazard, at random. BIBLE, 1 Kings xxii. 34 (improperly printed _at a venture_); ‘Certayn . . . rode forthe at adventure’, Berners, Froissart, I. cxcii. ME. _aventure_, chance, peril (Gower). Anglo-F. _aventure_, chance, danger, uncertainty: _par aventure_ (Gower, Mirour, 1239).

=averruncate,= to avert, ward off. Butler, Hudibras, pt. i, c. 1. 758. L. _auerruncare_, to avert. Often explained in the 17th cent. by ‘to weed out’, or ‘to root up’, but Butler uses the word correctly. See NED.

=aversation,= aversion. Bacon, Essay 27.

=avile,= to hold cheap, think little of. B. Jonson, Prince Henry’s Barriers (Lady). Anglo-F. _aviler_, to debase (Gower).

=avise,= to see, observe; to think; _refl._ to bethink. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 31; iv. 2. 22; iii. 12. 10; _refl._ ii. 6. 46; iii. 3. 6. _To be avised of_, to be well informed about, Merry Wives, i. 4. 106; Meas. ii. 2. 132. ME. _avise_, refl. to consider (Chaucer, C. T. B. 664). Anglo-F. _s’aviser_, to take thought (Gower).

=avisefull,= observant. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 26.

=avision,= a dream, vision. Douglas, Aeneid, iii. 1. 69. ME. _avisioun_ (Lydgate, Temple of Glas, 1374). Anglo-F. _avisioun_ (Gower).

=aviso,= advice, intelligence, piece of information. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Habington, Castara, ed. Arber, p. 102. Span. _aviso_, information.

=avouch,= to maintain, make good. Mids. Night’s D., i. 1. 106; Tusser, Husbandry, § 10. 12. Hence _avouch_, assurance, Hamlet, i. 1. 37.

=avoure,= acknowledgement, avowal. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 3. 48. OF. _avouer_, an avowal, prop. infin., to avow.

=avoutry,= adultery. Paston, Letters, no. 883; vol. iii, p. 317; Hickscorner, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 175. ME. _avouterye_ (Chaucer). Anglo-F. _avoulterie_ (Gower).

=avowre,= to vow, devote. Only in Phaer, Aeneid, viii. 85, Latin text (M iiij, l. 6). See NED.

=awaite:= _in await_ (_awate_), in ambush. Fairfax, tr. Tasso, v. 18. Anglo-F. _en await_ (_agwait_, _agueit_, _agait_), in ambush, lying in wait (Rough List, s.v. Await).

=awaite:= in phr. _to have good awaite_, to take good care. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, ch. 5, § 10.

=a-wallop,= in a boiling state, boiling quickly. Golding, Metam. vii. 263; fol. 82 (1603). Cp. the prov. word _wallop_, ‘to boil violently with a bubbling sound’, in common use in Scotland and in various parts of England. See EDD. (s.v. Wallop, vb.^{2}).

=awbe,= a bull-finch. Gascoigne, Philomene, l. 35. ME. _alpe_, ‘ficedula’ (Prompt.). See =nope.=

=awful,= profoundly reverential. Richard II, iii. 3. 76; Dryden, Britannia, 106.

=awhape,= to amaze, confound. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 5; v. 11. 32. ME. _awhapen_ (Chaucer).

=awk,= reversed; _the awk end_, the wrong end, the other end. Golding, Metam. xiv. 300 (L. ‘conversae verbere virgae’); fol. 170, back (1603). See =auke.=

=awkward,= untoward, unfavourable, adverse. 2 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 83; Marlowe, Edw. II, iv. 6. 34.

=axtree,= axle-tree. Drayton, Pol. i. 498. Still in prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Ax, sb.^{1} 3). OE. _œx-trēo_.

=aygulets,= an aglet, metal tag. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25. A doublet of _aglet_. Spenser seems to speak here of the bright metal tops or tags of lace, which he likens to stars; as in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 4. 2. F. _aiguillette_, a point (Cotgr.), dimin. of _aiguille_, a needle.

=ayle,= a grandfather. ‘_Ayle_, _Pere_, and _Fitz_, grandfather, father, and son’, Wycherley, Plain Dealer, i (Jerry). ME. _ayel_, grandfather (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2477). Norm. F. _aiel_ (Moisy).

=azoch,= ‘azoth’, the alchemist’s name for quicksilver. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt _assogue_. F. _assogue_; Span. _azogue_, quicksilver; Arab. _az-zāūq_; _zāūq_ is adapted from Pers. _zhīwah_ (_jīvah_), quicksilver. See NED., Ducange, and Dozy, Glossaire (s.v. Azogue).

B

=babion,= baboon. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus); Drayton, Man in the Moon, 331; spelt _babyone_ Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 124, l. 163. F. ‘_babion_, a babion or baboone’ (Cotgr.).

=bable,= a ‘bauble’, a toy, trick, fancy. ‘Has fill’d my head So full of _bables_’ (some edd. _baubles_), Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4. 7; ‘That _bable_ called love’, Lyly, Endimion, iii. 3 (Epi.). OF. _babel_, _baubel_, a child’s plaything (Godefroy); _beau_ + _bel_, cp. F. _bonbon_.

=bace,= (Spenser); see =base.=

=bacharach, backrack,= the name of a wine. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 2 (Vandunke); _Bacrack_, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 300. From _Bacharach_, on the Rhine. See =backrag.=

=back,= a bat. _Backes_ or reermice; Golding, Metam., iv. 415; fol. 49 (1603). The pl. _backes_ is the form used by Wyclif, Coverdale and the Geneva Bible, in Isaiah ii. 20, where AV. has _battes_, see NED. (s.v. Bat). In Scotland the usual word for the bat is _Backie_ (or _Backie-bird_), see EDD. (s.v. Backie, sb.^{1} 1 and 2).

=backare!,= go back, keep back. ‘_Backare! quod Mortimer to his sow_; i.e. keep back, said Mortimer’; an old proverb, often quoted against such as are too forward, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2 (Roister); Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 72. See EDD. (s.v. Baccare).

=backcheat,= stolen apparel, lit. things from the back. (Thieves’ cant.) ‘Back or belly-cheats’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen). See =cheat.=

=backrag,= the name of a wine. Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, v. 1 (Bornwell); Mayne, City Match, i. 3 (near the end). See =bacharach.=

=backside,= a yard behind a farmhouse. Witch of Edmonton, iv. 1 (Old Banks). Very common in prov. usage, see EDD. (s.v. Backside, 2).

=badger-nab,= a strong little badger. ‘_Meg_ [a witch] What Beast was by thee hither rid? _Mawd_ [second witch] A Badger-nab’, Heywood, Witches of Lancs., iv. 1, vol. iv. p. 220. Cp. _knab_, a strong boy, a thickset, strong little animal (EDD.).

=baffle,= to treat with ignominy and contempt. It was originally a punishment inflicted on recreant knights, one part of it being that the victim was hung up by the heels and beaten. See Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 27; Beaumont and Fl., A King and no King, iii. 2 (Bessus); 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 113; Richard II, i. 1. 170. See Trench, Select Glossary, and NED.

=bag:= phr. _to give the bag_, to cheat. Westward Ho, iv. 2 (Honeysuckle).

=bagage,= refuse, worthless stuff; ‘When brewers put no bagage in their beere’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1082; Tusser, Husbandry, st. 21. An Essex word in this sense, see EDD. (s.v. Baggage, sb.^{1}). Cp. Port. _bagaço_, ‘marc; ce qui reste de plus grossier de quelque fruit, qu’on a pressé pour en retirer le suc’ (Roquette).

=bagatine,= a small Italian coin, worth about the third part of a farthing. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 2 (Vol.). Ital. _bagatino_, _bagattino_, ‘a little coyne vsed in Italie’ (Florio).

=bagle,= a staff, or crosier such as a bishop carries. _Bagle-rod_, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, vii. 188 (see the side-note). Icel. _bagall_, a crosier, L. _baculum_, a rod, staff.

=bague, baghe,= a ring, brooch. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 54, back, 8; lf. 98. 11. F. _bague_.

=baies,= scoldings (?). ‘Ill servant . . . deserveth hir fee to be paid hir with _baies_’, Tusser, Husbandry, § 81. 2.

=bain,= a bath. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, x. 567; to bathe, Greene, The Palmer’s Verses, l. 88 (Capricornus); _bayne_, Surrey, Desc. of restless state of a Lover, 13. F. _bain_.

=bain,= supple, lithe. Golding, Metam. iv. 354 (fol. 48); xv. 202; fol. 182 (1603). In common prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bain, sb. 1). ME. _beyn_, ‘flexibilis’ (Prompt.). Icel. _beinn_, straight; also, ready to serve.

=bains;= see =banes.=

=bait,= to stop at an inn to feed the horses, also to stop for refreshment; used _fig._ ‘Evil news rides post, while good news baits’, Milton, Samson, 1538. In prov. use in the sense of stopping to feed. See EDD. (s.v. Bait, vb.^{1} 2).

=bald,= marked with white upon the head. Hence ‘bald coot’, a coot (_Fulica atra_); Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, i. 1 (Zanthia). In prov. use (EDD.).

=bale,= a set of dice; usually three. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 1 (Young Chartley); A Woman never vexed, ii. 1 (Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Bale, sb.^{3} 4).

=ball,= a white streak on a horse’s face. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 73. Hence _ball_, as a horse’s name; orig. one marked with a white streak; Tusser, Husbandry, § 95, st. 2. Prob. of Celtic origin; cp. Gael. _ball_, spot, mark, Breton _bal_, a white mark on an animal’s face.

=balloon,= a game in which a large ball (like a football) was struck by the arm, which was protected by a stout guard. Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Sir Petronel); Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, iv. 1 (_1st Lady_). _Balloo_, in the phr. _at the Balloo_ (B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1: _Volpone_), must be an error for _at the Balloon_, i.e. when playing at the game. Also _balloon-ball_, Middleton, Game at Chess, ii. 1 (B. Knight).

=ballow,= smooth. ‘Ballowe wood’, i.e. smooth wood without bark, see Nottingham Corporation Records, ed. Stevenson, vol. iv, Glossary (date of entry 1504); ‘The ballow nag’, Drayton, Pol. iii. 24. ME. _balhow_, smooth, plain (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 136).

=ballow,= in King Lear, iv. 6. 247, prob. means a quarter-staff made from _ballow_ wood. See above.

=ban,= to curse, imprecate damnation on. 2 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 25; a curse, Hamlet, iii. 2. 269. Icel. _banna_, to prohibit, curse.

=band,= a collar, lying flat upon the dress, worn round the neck by man or woman. Also called _falling-bands_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, i. 1 (Mary). The falling band succeeded the cumbersome ruff.

=band,= to bandy about, like a tennis-ball. Look about You, sc. 32, l. 5; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 490.

=banding-ball,= a ball to be driven about at tennis or in the game of bandy. Wounds of Civil War; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 116.

=bando,= a proclamation. Shirley, Sisters, v. 2 (Longino). Ital. _bando_, a public proclamation (Dante).

=bandoleer, bandalier,= a broad belt, worn over the shoulder and across the breast. Peele, Polyhymnia, The Third Couple (l. 10). Hence, a wearer of a bandoleer was _himself_ called by the same name. Thus Gascoigne has: ‘Their peeces then are called Petronels, And _they themselves_ by sundrie names are called, As Bandolliers . . . Or . . . Petronelliers’, Works, i. 408. See Dict.

=bandora,= a kind of guitar; now called _banjo_. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 2 (hymn); also _pandore_, Drayton, Pol. iv. 361. Ital. _pandora_, a bandora (Florio).

=bandrol,= a long narrow flag, with a cleft end; a streamer from a lance. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 211. Spelt _bannerall_, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 26. F. _banderole_, a little flag or streamer, a penon (Cotgr.).

=banes,= ‘banns’ of marriage (the usual spelling to 1661); Tam. Shrew, ii, 1. 181; spelt _bains_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 36. ME. _bane_ of a play (or mariage, Pynson), ‘banna’ (Prompt.).

=bangling,= frivolous contention, squabbling. Englishmen for my Money, iv. 1 (Heigham); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 528.

=banquerout, bankrout,= a bankrupt. Webster, Appius, v. 2 (Virginius); Com. Errors, iv. 2. See Dict. (s.v. Bankrupt).

=banquet,= a slight refection, a dessert after dinner. Tam. Shrew, v. 2. 9; Timon, i. 2. 160; ‘The Banquet is brought in’, Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, ii. 1 (stage direction).

=barate,= treason. Caxton, Hist. Troye, 327, back, 10; 335. 29. OF. _barat_, deceit. See NED. (s.v. Barrat).

=barathrum,= abyss, a bottomless pit. ‘To the lowest barathrum’, Heywood, Silver Age (Pluto), vol. iii. p. 159; used _fig._ ‘You barathrum of the shambles!’ Massinger, New Way, iii. 2 (Greedy); (cp. _barathrumque macelli_, Horace, Epist. i. 15. 31). L. _barathrum_, the underworld; Gk. βάραθρον, the yawning cleft near the Acropolis at Athens, down which criminals were thrown.

=baratour,= a quarrelsome person, a brawler, a rowdy, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii. c. 12. § 8. ME. _baratowre_, ‘pugnax, rixosus, jurgosus’ (Prompt.). Norm. F. _barateur_ ‘provocateur, querelleur’ (Moisy), deriv. of _barat_, ‘lutte, dispute’ (id.).

=baratresse,= a female warrior. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 500.

†=baratto, barrato,= a small boat; explained as ‘an Indian boat’. Fletcher, Island Princess, i. 1. 19; ii. 6 (end).

=barb,= to shave. Turbervile, Trag. T. 53 (NED.); to mow, Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Malevole); to clip money, B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1 (Face). F. _barber,_ to shave, to cut the beard (Cotgr.).

=barbed,= wearing a barb. From _barb_, lit. a beard (F. _barbe_); hence, a piece of white plaited linen, passed over or under the chin, and reaching midway to the waist; chiefly worn by nuns. ‘Barbyd lyke a nonne’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1000.

=bard;= see =barred.=

=bard cater-tray,= for _barred cater-tray_, a kind of false dice in which the throws _cater_ (four) and _tray_ (three) were _barred_, or prevented from being likely to appear. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). NED. quotes from Diceplay (1532), ed. 1850, p. 24:—‘a well-favoured die that seemeth good and square, yet is the forehead longer on the cater and tray than any other, way . . . Such be also called _bard cater-tres_, because, commonly, the longer end will, of his own sway, draw downwards, and turn up to the eye sice, sinke, deuis or ace; i.e. 6, 5, 2, or 1, but not 4 or 3’.

=baretour,= a fighting man, a brawler. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aen. i. 472; id. i. 142. Anglo-F. _barettour_ (Rough List). See =baratour.=

=bargenette, bargynet,= the name of a rustic dance, accompanied with a song. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i. c. 20. § 12; Gascoigne, ed. Hazlitt, i. 430. Variant of _bargaret_ or _bargeret_; F. _bergerette_, ‘chant que les bergers chantaient le jour de Pâques’ (Hatzfeld). See NED. (s.v. Bargeret).

=barley-bread,= coarse food. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 637.

=barley-break,= an old country-game; usually one couple, left in a middle den termed ‘hell’, had to catch the other two couples (who were allowed to separate and ‘break’ when hard pressed, and thus to change partners); when caught, they had to take their turn as catchers. _Two Noble Kinsmen_, iv. 3. 34; ‘A course at _barley-break_’, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, A. i (Clarion). The last couple left were said to be in hell: ‘_Barly-break: or Last in Hel_’, a poem by Herrick. See EDD.

=barley-hood,= a fit of ill-temper, brought on by drunkenness. So called because caused by _barley_, i.e. malt liquor. Skelton, El. Rummyng, 372. See EDD.

=barn,= a ‘bairn’, a child. Much Ado, iii. 4. 48. ME. _barne_, ‘infans’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _bearn_ (Anglian _barn_).

=barnacles,= barnacle-geese. Drayton, Pol. xxvii. 305 (where the fable is given). See EDD. (s.v. Barnacle, sb.^{1}).

=barratry,= vexatious persistence in litigation. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 695. See =baratour.=

=barrèd,= misused for _barded_, i.e. caparisoned. Drayton, Pol. xii. 481. Shortened to _bard_; Dekker, O. Fortunatus, iii. 1 (Cornwall).

=barred gown,= a gown marked with stripes or bars of gold lace, like that of a judge or law-officer. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, i. 1 (Rolliardo).

=barrendry,= a barony, a title of a baron. Chapman, Humorous Day’s Mirth, p. 31. Anglo-F. _baronnerie_, a baronry, the domain of a baron, the rank or dignity of baron. See NED. (s.v. Baronry).

=barriers,= lists, as for a tournament. _To fight at barriers_, to fight within lists. ‘_Jeu de Barres_, a martial sport of men armed and fighting together with short swords within certain Barres or lists, whereby they are separated from the spectators’, Cowel’s Interpreter (ed. 1701). Webster, White Devil; ed. Dyce, p. 40; at p. 6, the ‘great barriers’ are said ‘to moult feathers’; alluding to the plumes cut from the helmets of the combatants.

=barth,= a warm place or pasture for calves or lambs. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 26; Coles, Dict., 1677. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). Prob. a derivative of OE. _beorgan_, to shelter, protect.

=basciomani,= kissings of the hand. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 56. Ital. _basciamano_, a kissing of the hand (Florio).

=base,= or _prison-bars_, the name of a boys’ game. _To bid base_, to challenge to pursuit, as in the game, Venus and Adonis, 303; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 11. 5; _at bace_, id. v. 8. 5. ‘_Barres_, play at _bace_, or prison Bars’, Cotgrave. ME. _bace_, play, ‘barri’ (Prompt. EETS. 24, see note no. 100). ‘_Barri_ sunt ludi, anglicè _bace_’ (Wright, Vocab. 176; foot-note).

=bases,= pl. (used like _skirts_), applied to a plaited skirt of cloth, velvet, or rich brocade, appended to the doublet, and reaching from the waist to the knee, common in the Tudor period. Massinger, Picture, ii. 1 (Sophia); Chapman, Mask of the Inner Temple, § 2. Called ‘a pair of _bases_’, Pericles, ii. 1. 167.

=bash,= to be abashed, Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 3; Peele, Arraignment of Paris, iv. 1 (Venus); to make abashed, Greene, Looking Glasse, i. 1. 75 (Rasni). In prov. use in both senses, see EDD. (s.v. vb.^{3}).

=basilisk,= a species of ordnance. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 3. 56; Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 1. 2; Harrison, Desc. England, bk. ii, ch. 16 (ed. Furnivall, 281).

=basket, the,= one in which the broken meat and bread from the sheriffs’ table was carried to the counters, for poor prisoners. Middleton, Inner-Temple Masque (Dr. Almanac). Hence, _go to the basket_, i.e. to prison, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, v. 1 (Pontalier). Cp. Shirley, Bird in a Cage, iii. 4 (Rolliardo). There were three grades of prisoners in each of the counters; they occupied, respectively, the Master’s side, the Twopenny Ward, and the Hole. Those in the Hole paid nothing for their provisions, but depended upon the basket.

=baslard,= a kind of hanger, or small sword. Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 18. Anglo-F. _baselard_. For the other French forms, _bazelaire_, _badelaire_, _beaudelaire_, see Ducange (s.vv. Basalardus, Basalaria, Bazalardus, Badelare).

=basque,= a short skirt. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling). F. _basque_, a short skirt (Cotgr.); from _Basque_, name of the ancient race inhabiting both slopes of the western Pyrenees.

=bass,= to kiss. ‘Bas me’, Skelton, Speke Parrot, 106; ‘I _basse_ or kysse a person, _Ie baise_’, Palsgrave. F. _baiser_; L. _basiare_.

=bassa,= an earlier form of the Turkish military title ‘Bashaw’. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 306; spelt _basso_, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 1. 1. Turkish _bāshā_, prob. fr. _bāsh_, a head. See NED. (s.v. Pasha).

=basta,= enough. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 203. Ital. (and Span.) _basta_, it is enough (Florio); Ital. _bastare_, and Span. _bastar_, to suffice.

=bastard,= a sweet Spanish wine resembling muscatel. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 30; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 12.

=bastardeigne,= for =bastard eigné,= firstborn bastard. Wycherley, Plain Dealer, iv (Widow). _Eigné_ is a late spelling of _ayné_, _ainé_; from F. _aîné_, OF. _ainsné_; _ains_, before, + _né_, born (Hatzfeld).

=bastone,= a ‘baton’, cudgel. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.). ME. _baston_, a cudgel (Cursor M. 15827). OF. _baston_ (F. _bâton_). See =batoon.=

=batable,= debatable. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. ‘_Batable ground_ seemeth to be the ground in question heretofore whether it belonged to England or Scotland, 23 Hen. VIII, c. 16, as if we should say debatable ground,’ Cowell, Interp. (ed. 1637).

=bate= (short for =abate=), to reduce, diminish, decrease, deduct. Merch. Ven. iii. 3. 32; iv. 1. 72; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 3. 2; Hamlet, v. 2. 23; to blunt, Love’s L. L. i. 1. 6. Phr. _to bate an Ace_, to abate a tittle, to make the slightest abatement, Heywood, Witches of Lancashire iv (Robin); vol. iv, p. 223, l. 2; _Bate me an ace, quod Bolton_, an expression of incredulity, R. Edwards, Damon and P. in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 77 (NED. s.v. Bate, vb.^{2} 6 d).

=bate,= to beat the wings impatiently and flutter away from the fist or perch. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 199; 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 99 (old edd. _bayted_). F. _se battre_.

=bate,= bit, a northern form of the pret. of _bite_. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 7. See EDD. (s.v. Bate vb.^{4}).

=batful,= fattening, full of sustenance. Drayton, Pol. iii. 349; vii. 93; &c. See =batten.=

=batoon, battoon,= a stick, cudgel. Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 (Rogers); _battoon_, Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, v. 1 (Egremont). See =bastone.=

=battaile,= a body of troops in battle array. Bacon, Essay 58, § 9; _battayle_, Psalm lxxvi. 3 (Bible 1539); _the main battle_, main body of an armed force, Richard III, v. 3. 301. Prov. _batalha_ ‘troupe rangée’ (Levy).

=batten,= to feed gluttonously, Hamlet, iii. 4. 67; to fatten, ‘Battening our flocks’, Milton, Lycidas, 29; to grow fat, B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Moon-calf). See Dict.

=battle,= (at Oxford) to have a kitchen and buttery account, to obtain provisions in college. ‘I eat my commons with a good stomach and battled with discretion’, Puritan Widow, i. 2. 42; ‘To battle, as scholars do in Oxford, _Estre debteur au College pour ses vivres_’, Sherwood, Dict. 1672.

=battle, battill,= to grow fat. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 38; _battling_, fattening, nourishing to cattle, Greene, Friar Bacon, scene 9. 4; nutritious to man, Golding, tr. of Ovid Met. xv. 359. See =batten.=

=battle.= See =battaille.=

=battled,= ‘embattled’, furnished with battlements. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Maria).

=battree,= a battle, encounter. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Julius, 16; Pompey, 1. Variant of _battery_.

=baudkin,= a rich embroidered stuff, a rich brocade. Holland, Camden’s Brit. i. 174; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 777. Hence, _cloth of bodkin_, Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iii. 2 (Frederick); B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxviii; Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1. OF. _baudequin_, med. L. _baldakinus_ (Ducange), cp. Ital. _baldacchino_, lit. belonging to _Baldacco_, the Italian name for Bagdad.

=baudricke,= ‘a baldric’, belt, girdle. Spenser calls the zodiac the _baudricke_ (or _bauldricke_) of the heavens, F. Q. v. 1. 11; Prothalamion, 174. ME. _bawdryk_ (Prompt.), MHG. _balderich_, a girdle (Schade). See Dict. (s.v. Baldric).

†=bause= (?). Only in this passage: ‘My spaniel slept, whilst I _baus’d_ leaves’, Marston, What you Will, ii. 2 (Lam.).

=bauson, bawson,= a badger. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 71; _bauzon’s_ skin; Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, st. 10. _Bauson_ is a common north-country word for a badger, see EDD. Cp. OF. _bausen_, _bauzan_, black and white spotted, Ital. _balzano_, a horse with white feet (Florio). See NED. The French word for a badger is _blaireau_.

=baux= (a plural form), the name of a breed of swift hounds used in the chase; ‘Those dogges called Baux of Barbarie, of the whiche Phoebus doeth speake’, Turbervile, Hunting, ch. i. p. 3; ‘White dogges called Baux, and surnamed Greffiers’, id. ch. ii, p. 4; ‘_Greffiers_, a kind of white hounds, the same as Bauds’, Cotgrave; ‘_Souillard_, the name of a dog, between which and a bitch called _Baude_, the race of the _Bauds_ (white and excellent hounds) was begun’ (id.). Comb. _Baux-hound_, Holme’s Academy of Armory, p. 184. F. _baud_, ‘chien courant, originaire de Barbarie’ (Hatzfeld). Probably of Germanic origin, cp. OHG. _bald_, bold (Schade).

=bavian,= a baboon, an occasional character in the old Morris dance. He appears in Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. See Nares. Du. _baviaan_.

=bawcock,= a fine fellow, Hen. V, iii. 2. 27; Twelfth Night, iii. 4. 125. A Lincolnshire word for a foolish person (EDD.). Hence probably the surname ‘Bawcock’, see Bardsley, 475. F. _beau coq_, a fine cock.

=bawn,= a fortified enclosure, outwork of a castle. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed. p. 642, col. 2. Irish _baḋḃḋún_, an enclosure (Dinneen).

=bawson,= see =bauson.=

=bay,= see =beck and bay, at.=

=bayard,= the name of the horse given to Renaud, one of the Four Sons of Aymon (name of a romance), hence, a common name for a horse; ‘Bolde bayarde, ye are to blynde’, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 123, l. 101; _a Bayard’s bun_, horse bread, id. i. 15, l. 8. _Bayard_, lit. of a bay colour, O. Prov. _baiart_, ‘bai; cheval bai’ (Levy).

=bayes,= ‘baize’. Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. v, p. 31. A plural form of _bay_, bay coloured, reddish-brown. See Dict. (s.v. Baize).

=beace,= beasts; pl. of _beast_. Golding, Metam. xv. 13. This is the usual pron. of _beast_ (and _beasts_) in the north of England. For various spellings—_beas_, _beece_, _beess_, &c., see EDD. (s.v. Beast).

=beached,= apparently for _beeked_, i.e. seasoned (as wood) by exposure to heat. ‘A coodgell [cudgel] _beached_ or pilled [peeled] lawfully’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 39; p. 106. Cp. ME. _beke_: ‘to beke wandes’ (Cath. Angl.), see NED. (s.v. Beek vb.^{1} 1 b). See =beak.=

=bead,= a prayer, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 30; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 872. This is the orig. sense of mod. E. _bead_; a perforated ball was so called because it was used for counting prayers. ME. _bede_ ‘oracio’ (Prompt.). OE. (_ge_)_bed_ prayer.

=bead-roll,= a list, catalogue. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 2. 32; _bed-roll_, Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 1 (Sir Charles). Properly, a list of persons to be specially prayed for.

=beadsman,= one who prays for another, Two Gent. i. 1. 18. ME. _bedeman_, ‘orator, supplicator’ (Prompt.). OE. (_ge_)_bedmann_ (John iv. 23).

=bead-hook,= a kind of boat-hook. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad xv. 356, 624; Caesar and Pompey, v. 1 (Septimius). Spelt _beede-hook_, Raleigh, Hist. World (NED.).

=beak, beyk,= to expose to the warmth of the fire; to season by heat. ‘Beak ourselves’, Grimald, Metrodorus, 3; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 109. _Beyked_, seasoned, Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 24. 3. See EDD. (s.v. Beek vb. 1 and 2). See =beached.=

=beam,= the main trunk of a stag’s horn which bears the antlers, Turbervile, Hunting, 53.

=beam,= see =beme.=

=beamy,= beam-like, massive. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 480; tr. of Aeneid, xii. 641. Cp. 1 Sam. xvii. 7 (massive as a weaver’s beam—the spear of Goliath).

=bear= (the animal). Are you there with your _bears_? are you at it again? ‘Explained by Joe Miller as the exclamation of a man who, not liking a sermon he had heard on Elisha and the bears, went next Sunday to another church, only to find the same preacher and the same discourse’ (NED.). Some think it refers to the bears in a bear-garden; but they do not say why, nor how. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 3 (Silena); Howell, Foreign Travell, p. 20.

=bear-brich,= bear-breech, bear’s-breech; a popular name of the acanthus; see NED. (s.v. Brank-ursine). Golding, Metam. xiii. 701 (L. acantho); fol. 162 (1603).

=bear-herd,= the keeper of a bear, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 191.

=bear-ward,= B. Jonson, Masque of Angus (Slug). Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Prigg).

=bear a brain,= to use one’s brains, to be cautious; also, to remember. Romeo, i. 3. 29; Grim the Collier, v. 1. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 457. Cp. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1422.

=bear in hand,= to lead one to believe, to keep in expectation, to amuse with false _pretences_, Meas. for M., i. 4. 51. Hamlet, ii. 2. 67; B. Jonson, Volpone i. 1; ‘_I beare in hande_, I threp upon a man that he hath done a dede, or make hym byleve so’, Palsgrave. See EDD. (s.v. Barenhond). ME. ‘I bar him on honde he hadde enchanted me’ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 575).

=bearing.= ‘A standing [upright] bearyng bowe,’ Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 79. _A bearing arrow_ seems to have meant an arrow true in its flight (Nares), though it merely meant stout, or strong; probably _a bearing bow_ was a strong and trusty one, one to be relied upon to shoot straight and well. So also _bearing_ dishes, i.e. solid, substantial dishes or viands; Massinger, New Way to pay, v. 1 (Greedy).

=bearing-cloth,= the cloth in which a child was carried to the font. Winter’s Tale, iii. 3. 119; Beaumont and Fl., Chances, iii. 3 (Landlady).

=beast,= an obsolete game at cards, resembling the modern ‘Nap’. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1. 1007. See NED. (s.v. Beast, 8).

=beaten,= orig. hammered; hence, overlaid or inlaid; embroidered. ‘Beaten damask’, Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 1 (Firk).

=beath,= to dry green wood by placing it near the fire, to season wood by heat. Tusser, Husbandry, § 23. 9; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 7. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). ME. _bethen_ (Treatyse of Fysshynge). OE. _beðian_, to foment, to warm.

=beauperes,= fair companions. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 35. OF. _beau_ + _per_. F. _pair_, an equal, a peer.

=beaver;= see =bever.=

=becco,= a cuckold. Marston, Malcontent, i. 1 (Malevole); Massinger, Bondman, ii. 3 (Gracculo). Ital. _becco_, a he-goat, a cuckold (Florio).

=beck and bay, at,= at some one’s command. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, 381. The meaning of the word _bay_ in this phrase is uncertain; it is prob. connected with ME. _beien_, to bend; OE. (Anglian), _bēgan_; cp. the phr. _buken and beien_, Juliana, 27. See EDD. (s.v. Bay, vb.^{3}), and NED. (s.v. Bow, vb.^{1} 6, quot. A.D. 1240).

=become;= ‘I know not where my sonne _is become_’, i.e. what has become of him, Gascoigne, Supposes, v. 5 (Philogano); ed. Hazlitt, i. 251. Once very common.

=bed,= to pray. Spenser, F. Q., vi. 5. 35. Cp. ME. _bede_, a prayer. See =bead.=

=bed,= to command, to bid; ‘Until his Captaine _bed_’, until his captain may command, Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 41. 3 pr. sing. subj. of ME. _beden_; OE. _bēodan_, to command.

=bedare,= to dare, defy. Peele, David (Salomon); ed. Dyce, p. 484. From _dare_; see NED. (s.v. _Be-_, prefix, p. 720).

=bed-fere,= bed-fellow. Chapman, tr. Odyssey, iii. 542: spelt _bedphere_, B. Jonson, Silent Woman, ii. 5.

=bedlam,= a lunatic; one who had been in Bethlehem hospital; the half-cured patients were licensed to beg for alms for their support. Barnes, Works (1572) p. 294, col. 2; Gammer Gurton’s Needle has, for one of its characters, Diccon _the Bedlam_; Bunyan, Pilgr. i. 123 (NED.); ‘A bedlam, _maniacus_, _insanus_, _furiosus’_, Coles, Lat. Dict. See EDD. (sb.^{1} 4).

=bedrench,= to soak, swamp. Richard II, iii. 3. 46; _bedrent_, pt. s. Sackville, Induction, st. 21.

=bed-staff,= ‘a staff or stick used in some way about a bed’ (NED.). The precise sense is uncertain. Often used as a weapon; B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 4 (Bobadil). ‘With throwing _bed-staves_ at her’, Staple of News, v. 1 (Lickfinger).

=bee,= an armlet, ring. ‘A riche _bee_ of gold’, Morte Arthur, leaf 135 (end); bk. vii, c. 35. The word is still in use in Ireland for a ferule (EDD.). ME. _bee_, an armlet (Paston Letters, iii. 464). OE. _bēah_.

=beech-coal,= charcoal made from beech wood. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face).

=beeld,= to ‘build’. Mirror for Magistrates, Emp. Severus, st. 21. _Beeld_ is the pron. of _build_ in many parts of England and Scotland, see EDD., The Grammar; Index (s.v. Build).

=beer,= a pillow. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. iv. 414. See NED. (s.v. Bear, sb.^{4}). See =pillowbeer.=

=before me,= a form of asseveration. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 194; Oth. iv. 1. 149. Cp. _before heaven_, Meas. ii. 1. 69; _before God_, Much Ado, ii. 3. 192.

=beg for a fool,= to ask for the guardianship of an idiot. The custody of an idiot or witless person could be granted by the king to a subject who had sufficient interest to obtain it. If the ‘fool’ was wealthy, it was a profitable business. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Fustigo).

=begin,= s., a beginning. ‘Of fowr begynns’ (i.e. the four elements), Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 38; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. ‘The hard beginne’, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 21.

=beglerbeg,= the governor of an Ottoman province. Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4 (Carazie). Turk. _begler-beg_, bey of beys.

=beglarde,= for _beglaired_, smoothed over, as with a cosmetic. Mirror for Magistrates; Guidericus, st. 43. From _glair_, q.v.

=behave,= to manage, govern, control. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 40; Timon, iii. 5. 22. OE. _behabban_, to restrain.

=behight= (in Spenser). Forms: _behight_, pres., pt. t., and pp.; _behot_ (_behote_) pp. Meanings: (1) to promise, Pt. t.: F. Q. iv. 11. 6; Pp.: F. Q. ii. 3. 1; F. Q. i. 11. 38 (behot); (2) to name, call, pronounce, F. Q. i. 10. 64; Pp.: Shep. Kal., April, 120; (3) to order, command, F. Q. vi. 2. 30; Pt. t.: F. Q. ii. 11. 17; (4) to entrust, commit, Pt. t.: F. Q. v. 9. 3; Pp.: F. Q. i. 10. 50; (5) to account, consider, Pp.: F. Q. iv. 1. 44; (6) to adjudge, Pp.: F. Q. iv. 5. 7. The normal ME. forms are: _Behote_ (infin.), _behight_ (pt. t.), _behote_(_n_ (pp.).

=behight,= a promise. Surrey, tr. of Psalm lxxiii, l. 60.

=beholding,= indebted, under obligation. Merry Wives, i. 1. 283; Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Pinac). In common prov. use in many parts of England (Midlands, E. Anglia, Somerset). See EDD.

=beholdingness,= obligation, indebtedness. Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (last speech).

=bel-accoyle,= fair welcome. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 25. OF. _bel acoil_, fair welcome. See =accoyl.=

=belamour,= a lover. Spenser, F. Q. 6. 16; iii. 10. 22. F. _bel amour_.

=belamy,= fair friend. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 52. ME. _bel amy_ (Chaucer, C. T. C. 318). OF. _bel ami_.

=belay,= to beset, encompass. Spenser, Sonnet, 14; _belayd_, pp. set about with ornament; F. Q. vi. 2. 5.

=belee,= to place on the lee, in a position in which the wind has little influence; ‘Beleed and calmed’, Othello, i. 1. 30.

=beleek,= belike, probably. Peele, Arr. of Paris, iii. 1 (Mercury); id. Tale of Troy; ed. Dyce, p. 555. See =belike.=

=belgards,= amorous glances. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 25; iii. 10. 52. Ital. _bel guardo_, fair or kindly look.

=belike,= perhaps, no doubt (used ironically). Milton, P. L. ii. 156; Two Gent. ii. 1. 85. In common prov. use (EDD.).

=belive,= quickly. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 227; B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1. Still in use in Scotland and the north of England (EDD.). ME. _bi life_, lit. with life or liveliness. See =bilive.=

=bell, to bear the,= to take the first place, be the first, be pre-eminent. ‘Win the spurres, and beare the bell’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Aristippus, § 1. From the precedence of the bell-wether; see NED.

=bellibone,= a fair lass. ‘Such a bellibone’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., April, 92. From F. _belle et bonne_, fair and good girl. See =bonnibell.=

=bells,= pl.: in phr. _to take one’s bells_, used _fig._, to be ready to fly away. Ford, Sun’s Darling, iii. 1 (Humour). A hawk had light bells fastened to her legs before she flew off, that her flight might be traced.

=belly-cheat,= an apron. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); ‘A belly-chete, an apern’, Harman, Caveat, p. 83. See =backcheat.=

=belly-cheer,= feasting, gluttony. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. ix. 114; also, meat, viands; ‘_Carrelure de ventre_, meat, belly-timber, belly-cheere’, Cotgrave.

=belsire,= grandfather. Drayton, Pol. viii. 73; _beel sire_, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 321. 6; _bele-fader_, id. lf. 344, back, 27; ‘_Belsyre_, grant pere’, Palsgrave. ME. _belsyr_, or belfadyr, ‘Avus’ (Prompt.).

=beme,= a trumpet. _Beames_ (spelt _beaumous_) pl., Morte Arthur, leaf 423, back, 1; bk. xxi. ch. 4. ME. _beme_ (Chaucer, Hous Fame, 1240). OE. (Mercian) _bēme_.

=bemoiled,= covered with dirt. Tam. Shrew, iv. 1. 77. In prov. use in the Midlands (EDD.).

=bemol,= B flat, in the musical scale. In the old sets of hexachords, which began with C, G, or F; it was found necessary, in the hexachord beginning with F, to flatten the note B. The new note, thus introduced into the old scale, was called _B-mol_ or _Be-mol_, i.e. B soft; from OF. _mol_, soft; L. _mollis_. Its symbol was _b_, later ♭, which afterwards became a general symbol for a flattened note. ‘La, sol, re, Softly bemole’, Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 533. Also, a half-note; ‘_Two beemolls_, or halfe-notes’, Bacon, Sylva, § 104.

=ben,= a cant term for good; _ben cove_, a good fellow. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Tearcat).

=ben bouse,= a slang term for good drink. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor).

=bend= (in heraldry), an oblique stripe on a shield. Morte Arthur, leaf 216. 27; bk. x. c. 12; ‘Our bright silver bend’, Drayton, Heroical Epistles, Surrey to Lady Geraldine, 95. The _bend_ is usually the _bend dexter_, from the dexter chief to the sinister base; the _bend sinister_ slopes the other way.

=bend,= a band or company. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 32. F. _bende_ (Cotgr.). See NED.

=bend,= a piece of very thick leather, a piece of sole-leather. ‘A bend of leather’, Heywood, First Part of K. Edw. IV (Hobs); vol. i. p. 40. Also, _bend-leather_ (NED.). The words _bend_, _bend-leather_, _bend of leather_, _leather bend_ are in use in Scotland and the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Bend sb.^{1}).

=bend,= to cock a musket, pistol, or other fire-arms. A transferred use, from bending a bow. ‘Like an engyn bent’, Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 3. 53 [‘With hackbut bent’, Scott, Cadyow Castle, 137]; to direct any weapon (spear, dart, &c.), ‘to bend that mortal dart’, Milton, P. L. ii. 729; ‘so bent his spear’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 34; (figuratively), King Lear, ii. 1. 48.

=bene-bouse, benbouse,= good drink. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Higgen); B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).

=bene whids,= good words; _to cut bene whids_, to speak good words. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen).

=benedicite:= phr. _under ‘benedicite’ I speak it_, Stubbes, Anat. Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 186). The expression is used by Stubbes, when making a serious charge against the magistrates, as an invocation for deliverance from evil. L. _benedicite_, bless ye.

=benempt,= _pp._ named. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 214. OE. _benemned_, pp. of _benemnan_, to name (Matt. ix. 9, Lind.).

=benjamin,= corruption of _benjoin_, earlier form of benzoin. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Perfumer); Herrick, Hesp. (ed. 1869, p. 139).

=benome, benoom,= to deprive. Spelt _benome_, Mirror for Mag., Somerset, st. 9; _benoom_, id. Buckingham, st. 15. _Benome_ due to pret. forms of OE. _beniman_ (_nōm_, sing.; _nōmon_, pl.).

=bent,= a grassy slope. Dryden, Palamon, ii. 544 (from Chaucer, C. T. A. 1981); Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, XX. 9. Still in use in this sense in Scotland and north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Bent, II. 3).

=benting times,= scarce times, times when pigeons have no food but _bent-grass_. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1283.

=bepounced,= ornamented. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 454. See =pounce.=

=beray,= to defile, befoul; ‘Berayde with blots’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 241 (p. 56); Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Firestone); ‘It’s an ill bird that berays its own nest’, Ray’s Proverbs (A.D. 1678); Palsgrave; Sherwood.

=berew,= in a row; ‘Mock them all berew’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 246. See =rewe.=

=bergomask,= a rustic dance. Mids. Night’s D. v. 360. Ital. _bergamasca_, ‘sorta di ballo composto tutto di salti e capriole’ (Fanfani); _Bergamasco_, belonging to _Bergamo_, a province in the state of Venice. The inhabitants were ridiculed as being clownish in manners.

=berlina,= a pillory. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 8 (1 Avoc.). Ital. _berlina_, ‘a pillorie’ (Florio). Med. Lat. _berlina_ (Ducange).

=Bermoothes,= the Bermudas. Temp. i. 2. 229. See =Burmoothes.=

=berne,= a herb; ‘The iuyce of Berne or wylde Cresseys’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 8; p. 21. F. _berle_, Med. L. _berula_, the water-pimpernel, see Gerarde, p. 621. See Prompt. EETS. (s.v. Bellerne, note no. 176).

†=berry,= an error for _bevy_, i.e. a number; ‘A _berry_ of fair roses’, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 322. Cp. ‘A Beuy of Roos’, Book of St. Albans, fol. f 6.

=beryels,= a tomb. Morte Arthur, leaf 141, back, 7; bk. viii. c. 6 (end); spelt _buryels_, id. leaf 233, back, 23; bk. x. c. 32. OE. _byrgels_. See Dict. (s.v. Burial).

=besant, besaunte,= a gold coin of Byzantium. Morte Arthur, leaf 78. 15; bk. iv. c. 26. It varied in value from half a sovereign to a sovereign. See Dict.

=bescumber,= to befoul. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. ix. 34; B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1. (Tibullus); Staple of News, v. 2; Comical History of Francion (Nares); spelt _bescummer_, Beaumont and Fl., Fair Maid of the Inn, iv. The word _bescummer_, to besmear with dirt, _fig._ to abuse, calumniate, is in obsolescent use in Somerset and Devon (EDD.). See =scumber.=

=beseen:= in phr. _well beseen_; spelt _well bisene_, Morte Arthur, leaf 22, back, 32; bk. i. c. 8; _well beseene_, well furnished, Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 180; ‘I am besene, I am well or yvell apareyled’, Palsgrave.

=besgue,= stammering. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 271. 5. OF. _besgue_ (F. _bègue_).

=besides himself,= all by himself, alone. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, i. 1 (Violetta).

=besit,= to suit, befit. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 10; _besitting_, befitting, id. iv. 2. 19; ‘It well besits’, Holland, Plutarch’s Morals, 227. Cp. use of F. _seoir_, to sit, also, to fit, suit, sit properly on (Hatzfeld).

=beslurry,= to sully all over; ‘All beslurried’, Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 32. Prov. E. _slurry_, to soil, bedaub (EDD).

=beso las manos,= a kissing of hands; lit. ‘I kiss your hands’, a common Spanish salutation to a lady. Massinger, Duke of Florence, iii. 1 (Calandrino).

=besogno,= a needy fellow (a term of contempt). B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iv. 2 (Asotus). See =bisogno.=

=bespawl,= to bespatter with saliva. B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca); ‘Foam bespawled beard’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 440. OE. _spāld_ (_spādl_, _spāðl_, _spātl_), saliva.

=besprint,= besprinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 111. Also _besprent_, _bespreint_. OE. _besprenged_, pp. of _besprengan_, to sprinkle.

=bestead,= pp. _ill bestedded_, ill helped, in a bad plight. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 3; _ill bestad_, id. ii. 1. 52; _strangely bestad_, strangely beset or placed, id. iii. 10. 54; _bestad_, treated, id. vi. 6. 18; circumstanced, Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 23. See Dict.

=bestraught,= distracted. Tam. Shrew, Induction, ii. 26. L. _distractus_ gave _distract_ and _distraught_ on the analogy of ME. _straught_, pp. of _strecchen_, to stretch (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. ii. 599); hence the forms _bestraught_, _astraught_. See NED. (s.v. Bestraught).

=betake,= to commit, consign, deliver, hand over. Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 25; vi. 11. 51; pt. t. _betook_, id. iii. 6. 28; pp. _betake_, Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, i. 62; fol. B ij. ME. _bitaken_; ‘Ich bitake min soule God’ = I commit my soul to God (Rob. Glouc. 475).

=be-tall,= to pay; ‘What is to _be-tall_, what there is to pay; the amount of the reckoning’, Heywood, Fair Maid of the West, ii. 1 (Clem); with a quibble on _to be tall_. Du. _betalen_, to pay (Hexham).

=beteem,= to grant, bestow, concede, indulge with. Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 131; Hamlet, i. 2. 141; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 19. A Gloucestershire word (EDD.). Cp. ME. _temen_, to offer or dedicate (to God), Cursor M. 6170; see NED. (s.v. Teem, vb.^{1} 7).

=betight,= _pp._ for _betid_ or _betided_; happened. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 174.

=betso,= a small Venetian coin; worth about a farthing. Marmion, The Antiquary, iii. 1 (Bravo). Ital. _bezzo_, a small brass coin in Venice (Florio).

=bett,= better. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Oct., 15. OE. _bet_, adv. better.

=beurn,= for _berne_, a warrior. Grimald, Death of Zoroas, 54; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 121. ME. _burne_, a man (P. Plowman, C. xvi. 163). OE. _beorn_, a brave man.

=bever,= the lower part of the moveable front of a helmet. Bacon, Essay 35, § 1; Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 31; _beaver_, 2 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 120; Hen. V. iv. 2. 44. F. ‘_Bavière d’un armet_, the beaver of a helmet’ (Cotgr.).

=bever,= a short intermediate repast. A supper, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xvii, l. 10 from end. _Bever_ is in prov. use in many parts of England in the sense of a slight refreshment taken between meals, either at 11 a.m. or 4 p.m. (EDD.). Norm. F. _bever_, ‘boire’ (Moisy); cp. Mod. Prov. _grand-béure_, ‘petit repas que les moissonneurs font vers 10 heures du matin’ (Glossaire, _Mirèio_).

=bever,= to tremble. Morte Arthur, leaf 28, back, 4; bk. i, c. 15. _Bever_ (_biver_), to tremble, is in common prov. use in England and Scotland (EDD.).

=bewaile,= to lament over; ‘An hidden rock . . . That lay in waite her wrack for to bewaile’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 31. The meaning seems to be: the rock lay in wait so that she would have to bewail her wreck.

=beware,= to spend, bestow money. _Wel bywaryd_, well bestowed. Morte Arthur, leaf 123, back, 18; bk. vii, c. 21. Cp. prov. word _ware_, to spend, to lay out money (EDD.). ME. _waryn_, ‘mercor’ (Prompt.).

=bewared,= made to beware, put on one’s guard. Dryden, Cock and Fox, 799.

=bewet, buet,= a ring or slip of leather for attaching a bell to a hawk’s leg. ‘The letheris that be putt in his bellis, to be fastyned a-boute his leggys, ye shall calle _Bewettis_’, Boke of St. Albans, fol. B 6; ‘That, hauing hood, lines, _buets_, bels of mee,’ Turbervile, To a fickle Dame, 2. Dimin. of OF. _buie_, _bue_, _boie_, a bond, chain, fetter. L. _boia_, sing. of _boiae_, a collar.

=bezoar’s stone,= for =bezoar-stone,= a supposed antidote to poison. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 4 (Carlo). See Dict.

=bezonian,= needy beggar, rascal. 2 Hen. IV, v. 3. 115; 2 Hen. VI, iv. 1. 134; spelt _bisognion_, Massinger, Maid of Honour, iv. 1. 13; see Dict. See =bisogno.=

=bezzle,= to besot, stupefy, to drink immoderately. Marston, Malcontent, ii. 2 (Malevole). ‘To bezzle, _pergraecor_’, Coles, Dict. Hence, _bezeling_, tippling, Marston, Scourge, ii. 7. In prov. use in the sense of drinking immoderately, in various parts of England; see EDD. (s.v. Bezzle, vb.^{1} 2). Norm. F. ‘_besiller_, s’user, s’épuiser, se perdre, dépérir’ (Moisy). See Ducange (s.v. Besilium).

=bias, from the,= out of the way, off the track. Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, iii. 1 (Hodge). Prov. _biais_, ‘manière, façon’; _de biais_, ‘obliquement’ (Levy).

=bibble, bible,= to drink frequently. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aen. i. 478; Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 550. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=bidcock,= a bird; said to be the water-rail. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 100.

=biddell,= a beadle. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 28. OE. _bydel_.

=bidene,= in one body or company, together, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 268 (NED.); straightway, at once, forthwith, Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 956; Douglas, Aeneid, I. ii. 33 (NED.). Often used in Scottish poetry as a rime word, or to fill up the line, or as a mere expletive, see EDD. (s.v. Bedene). Cp. ME. phrase _all_(_e bidene_, continuously, one after another (Cursor M. 1457); in one body, all together (Ormulum, 4793).

=bid-stand,= a highwayman. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Sogliardo). Because he _bids_ men _stand and deliver_.

=bienvenu, benvenu,= a welcome. A Woman never vext, v. 1 (King); Massinger, The Picture, ii. 2. 4. F. _bienvenuë_, a welcome (Cotgr.).

=big,= a pap or teat. Tusser, Husbandry, 74; Shadwell Witches (EDD.), Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xviii. ch. 7; ‘_Bigge_, a country word for a pap or teat’, Phillips, Dict., 1706. See EDD.

=big,= a boil, small tumour. Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxxii. ch. 9; Gaule Cases Consc. 6 (NED.).

=biggin,= a child’s cap. B. Jonson, Volpone, v. 5 (Mosca); Proverb, ‘From the biggen to the nightcap’ (i.e. from infancy to old age), B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iii. 2 (Haughty); the saying is still in use in Cornwall (EDD.). F. ‘_beguin_, a biggin for a child’ (Cotgr.).

=biggon,= a barrister’s cap. Mayne, City Match, iv. 7 (Aurelia).

=bilander,= a coasting vessel, a by-lander. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 128. Du. _bijlander_.

=bilbo,= a sword of excellent quality. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 112. Hence, one who wears a bilbo, id. i. 1. 165. From _Bilbao_ (E. Bilboa) in Spain.

=bilboes,= pl., an iron bar, with sliding shackles, for securing prisoners. Hamlet, v. 2. 6; Beaumont and Fl., Double Marriage, ii. 2 (near the end). Perhaps from Bilbao; see above.

=bilive,= soon, quickly. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph., ii. 1 (Lord). See =belive.=

=bilk,= a statement having nothing in it. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 (Tub); a cheat, a fraud, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 376.

=bill,= an advertisement. Much Ado, i. 1. 39; B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1. 1; a doctor’s prescription, Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 603.

=billed,= _pp._ enrolled. North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antony, § 3 (Shak. Plut. p. 157, note 3).

=billiments,= pl., habiliments, apparel. Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3 (Tibet); _billements_, Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). Short for _habiliments_.

=bill-men,= watchmen, armed with a pike or halbert. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, i. 2 (Blurt).

=bind with,= to grapple with, seize; said of a hawk. Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo).

=bing,= to go. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. I (Song); _bynge a waste_, go you hence, Harman, Caveat, p. 84; _bing awast_, go away, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Patrico).

=bird-bolt,= a short blunt arrow, usually shot from a cross-bow at birds. Much Ado, i. 1. 42; L. L. L. iv. 3. 25.

=birle,= to pour out liquor. Skelton, Elynour Rummyng, 269; Levins Manip. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _byrle_ (Cath. Angl.); OE. _byrlian_, to give to drink; _byrel_, a cup-bearer.

=bisa, bise,= a north wind. Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 1 (1339); p. 134, col. 2. F. _bise_, a north wind (Cotgr.). O. Prov. _biza_, ‘bise, nord’ (Levy).

=bisogno, bisognio,= a needy fellow, a term of contempt. Fletcher, Love’s Cure, ii. 1 (Alguazier); Chapman, Widow’s Tears, i. (Lysander). Ital. _bisogni_, pl. new-levied soldiers, needy men; _bisogno_, need, want. Cp. =bezonian.=

=bitched,= a term of opprobrium; ‘Bitched brothel’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 254.

=bite on the bridle,= to be impatient of restraint. Gascoigne, i. 449, l. 25.

=bitter, bittour,= a bittern. _Bitter_, Middleton, Triumph of Love, ed. Dyce, v. 289; _bittour_, Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 89; Dryden, Wife of Bath’s Tale, 194; Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. _bitore_ (Chaucer, C. T. D. 972); OF. _butor_, a bittern (Hatzfeld).

=bizzle,= to become drunk, to drink to excess. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 1 (Matheo). See =bezzle.=

=black:= phr. _black is your eye_. To say ‘black is your eye’, to find fault with one, to lay something to his charge. ‘I can say, _black’s your eye_, though it be grey’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 1 (Alguazier); ‘black’s mine eye’, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, i. 2 (Blurt).

=black guard,= orig. a jocular name given to the lower menials of a noble house, esp. those who had charge of kitchen utensils, and carried them about when required; ‘A lousy slave, that within this twenty years rode with the black guard in the duke’s carriage [i.e. among his baggage], ’mongst spits and dripping-pans’, Webster, White Devil, ed. Dyce, p. 8; Fletcher, Woman-hater, i. 3 (Lazarillo).

=black jack,= a leathern jug for beer, tarred outside. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Savil); Middleton, The Witch, i. 1 (Gasparo).

=black-mack,= a blackbird; ‘A leane birde of the kind of _blacke-mackes_’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Augustus, § 34; ‘_Merula_, a birde called a black-mack, an owzell, a mearle, or black-bird’, Florio.

=black ox;= ‘The Black Ox has trod on his foot, he has fallen on misfortune or sorrow’, Lyly, Sapho and Phao, iv. 1; Heywood, Eng. Prov. (ed. Farmer, 112). See Nares, and EDD. (s.v. Black, 5 (11)).

=black-pot,= a beer-mug; hence, a toper. Greene, Friar Bacon, ii. 2 (scene 5, W.), at the end; p. 160, col. 2 (D.).

=blacks,= mourning clothes. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iii. 1 (Francisco); Maid in a Mill, iv. 2 (Bustopha); Bacon, Essay 2; Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 1 (Charalois); Herrick, Hesperides, 379. In prov. use; see EDD. (s.v. Black, sb.^{1} 4).

=Black Sanctus,= or =Black Saunce;= see =Sanctus.=

=blanch,= to give a fair appearance to by artifice or suppression of the truth. Bacon, Essays 20 and 26; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 222; Od. xi. 492; Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 37).

=blanch= (a hunting term), to ‘head back’ the deer in his flight. Lyly, Gallathea, ii. 1. 231. Hence _blancher_, a person or thing placed to turn the deer from a particular direction; Sydney, Arcadia, 64; _fig._ a hinderer, Latimer, Serm., Ploughers (Arber, 33 and 36). _Blanch_ still used by huntsmen in Somerset and Devon in this sense (EDD.). See =blencher.=

=blank,= the white spot in the centre of a target; now, bull’s eye. Hamlet, iv. 1. 42; _at twelve-score blank_, at a range of twelve score yards, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 3 (Sophocles).

=blank,= a blank bond, to be filled up at pleasure. Beaumont and Fl., i. 1 (Arbaces). Also, a small French coin, orig. of silver, but afterwards of copper, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Alvarez).

=blank,= to render pale, to blanch. Hamlet, iii. 2. 232; to dismay, Milton, Samson Ag. 471; _blanck_, disappointed, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 17.

=blatant, blattant,= bellowing. Spenser, F. Q. v. xii. 37, 41; Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 230. ‘Blate’, to bellow, is in prov. use (EDD.).

=blaze,= a white mark on an animal’s forehead; (on a black bull), Fuller, Pisgah, iv. 7. Still in prov. use, esp. Yorksh. and Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Blaze, sb.^{2} 1).

=blazing star,= a comet. All’s Well, i. 3. 91; Middleton, Roaring Girl, i. 1 (Sir Alex.).

=bleaking-house,= bleaching-house. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, iv. 2 (Savourwit). ME. _blekyn_, blechen clothe (Prompt.).

=blear,= dim, indistinct, in outline. Milton, Comus, 155.

=blear:= phr. _to blear the eyes_, to deceive, throw dust in the eyes. Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 120; ‘He is nat in Englande that can bleare his eye better than I can’, Palsgrave.

=bleat= (meaning obscure); ‘How the judges have bleated him!’, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Julia).

=bleater,= a sheep. (Cant.) Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song).

=blee,= colour, complexion, hue. Morte Arthur, leaf 88, back, 32; bk. v. c. 10; Tottel’s Misc. (ed. Arber, 100). Occurs in ballad poetry in the north (EDD.). ME. _blee_ (York Plays, xxviii. 259), OE. _blēo_.

=blemish,= ‘When they [the huntsmen] find where a deare hath passed and breake or plashe any boughe downewardes for a marke, then we say, they blemish or make blemishes’, Turbervile, Hunting, 244.

=blemishes,= ‘The markes which are left to knowe where a deare hath gone in or out’, Turbervile, Hunting, 114.

=blench,= a side glance, glimpse; ‘These blenches gave my heart another youth’, Sh. Sonn. cx. A Warwickshire word (EDD.).

=blench,= to start aside, to flinch, shrink. Fletcher, False One, iv. 4. ME. _blenchen_ (Anc. Riwle, 242).

=blencher,= a person stationed to ‘head hack’ the deer, to prevent him from going in a particular direction. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, ii. 1 (Sanchio); spelt _bleinchers_, pl., scarecrows, things put up to frighten animals away, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 70, 192; ‘which some call _shailes_, some _blenchars_, . . to feare away birdes’, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § 2. See =blanch.=

=blend,= to blind, to dazzle. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 35; _blent_, pp., F. Q. ii. 4. 7; rendered obscure, Greene, Looking Glasse, ii. 1. 521; _yblent_, F. Q. ii. 7. 1.

=blend,= to mix, confuse, render turbid, disturb, pollute. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 10; _blent_, pp. defiled, F. Q. ii. 12. 7.

=blenge,= to blend, mix. Tusser, Husbandry, § 100. 3. A ‘portmanteau’ word; combination of _blend_ and _menge_, to mingle.

=blenkard,= one who blinks, or has imperfect sight or intelligence. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 610. A north-country pronunc. of _blinkard_ (EDD.).

=blent;= see =blend.=

=bless,= to wound, hurt; ‘When he did levell to shoote, he blessed himselfe with his peece’, Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 237. F. _blesser_, to wound (Cotgr.), Anglo-F. _blecer_ (Ch. Rol.).

=bless,= to preserve, save. Spenser, F. Q. i. 2. 18; iv. 6. 13.

=bless,= to brandish (a sword), to wave about. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 6; i. 8. 22; vi. 8. 13; to brandish round an object with a weapon, ‘His armed head with his sharpe blade he blest’, Fairfax, Tasso, ix. 67.

=blewe point,= a blue point, or blue-tagged lace; ‘Not worth a blewe point’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 9. See =point.=

=blin, blinn,= to cease, leave off. Turbervile, Poems, in Chalmers’s Eng. Poets, II, 589; to cause to cease, to put a stop to, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 22. Very common in northern ballad poetry (EDD.). ME. _blinnen_, to cease (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1171); to cause to cease, Towneley Myst. 133. OE. _blinnan_, to cease. See =lin.=

=blince,= (perhaps) to flinch, give way, to ‘blench’; ‘The which will not _blince_’ riming with _prince_, Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 148.

=blindfeld,= blindfolded. Spelt _blyndefeld_, Morte Arthur, leaf 69, back; bk. iv. c. 15; _blyndfielde_, R. Eden, First Three Books on America, ed. Arber, p. 347, l. 7 from bottom. ‘I blyndefelde one’, Palsgrave. See Dict. (s.v. Blindfold).

=blinkard,= ‘He that hath such eies that the liddes cover a great parte of the apple’, Baret (1580); ‘a blinkard, _caeculus_, _paetus_, _strabus_’, Coles (1679). Still in use in Northumberland and Lancashire (EDD.).

=blive,= quickly, soon, immediately. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 18; Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii. l. 294. See =belive.=

=blo, bloo,= livid, esp. used of the colour caused by a bruise. _Bloo_ and wan, Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 141, l. 5; id. Magnyfycence, 2080. A Yorkshire word (EDD.). ME. _blo_(_o_, ‘lividus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 195). Icel. _blā_, livid.

=bloat, blote,= to smoke-dry (herrings); ‘_Fumer_, to bloat, besmoake, hang or drie in the smoake’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Island Princess, ii. 5 (1 Citizen). Hence, _bloat-herring_, a smoked herring, B. Jonson, Masque of Augurs (Groom); Pepys, Diary (Oct. 5, 1661). A Suffolk word (EDD.).

=block,= a mould for a hat; a fashion of hat. Beaumont and Fl., Wit at Several Weapons, iv. 1 (Cunningham); Much Ado, i. 1. 77.

=blonk,= fair, blond; said of hair. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 270. 13. See NED. (s.v. Blank).

=blore,= a blast of wind. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, ii. 122; ix. 5; xiv. 330. ME. _blore_ (York Plays, xxvi. 188).

=blot in the tables,= an exposed piece or ‘man’ in the game of backgammon, liable to be taken; hence, a weak point. Middleton, Family of Love, v. 3 (Gerardine); Porter, Two Angry Women, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 276. See Dict. (s.v. Blot (2)).

=blother,= to gabble nonsense; to babble. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 1049; Colyn Cloute, 779. A west Yorks. word, see EDD. (s.v. Blather, vb.^{1}). Icel. _blaðra_, to talk indistinctly, to talk nonsense.

=blow-boll,= one who ‘blows in a bowl’, an habitual tippler. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 23; l. 25.

=blowen,= a wench, a trull. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). [Cp. _blowing_, in Byron’s Don Juan, xi. 19.]

=blow-point,= a game ‘played by blowing an arrow through a trunk at certain numbers by way of lottery’, Strutt (quoted in NED.). Sidney, Arcadia, ii. 224; Brewer, Lingua, iii. 2 (Anamnestes); Marmion, The Antiquary, i. 1 (Leonardo). See Brand’s Pop. Antiq. 531.

=blue,= the usual colour of the dress of servants, or of beadles. _Blue-coat_, Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot). _The blue order_, i.e. of servants, B. Jonson, Case is Altered, i. 2 (Onion). Women condemned to Bridewell wore _blue gowns_, Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Luke); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. v. 1 (Lodovico).

=blue-bottle rogue,= a term applied to a beadle, with reference to his blue uniform. 2 Hen. IV, v. 4. 22.

=blunket, blonket,= grey, greyish blue. ‘Bloncket liveries’, glossed by ‘gray coats’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 5.

=blurt,= an exclamation of contempt, pish!, pooh!; ‘Blurt, Master Constable’, the title of a play by Middleton, Dekker, Honest Wh., i. 5 (Fluello); to treat contemptuously, Fletcher, Wild-goose Chase, ii. 2 (last speech).

=blushet= (only used by B. Jonson), a little blusher, a modest girl, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy senior); The Penates (Pan).

=board, bord,= to accost, address. Hamlet, ii. 2. 171; Merry Wives, ii. 1. 92; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 2. 5; _boorded_, addressed, id. ii. 4. 24. F. _aborder_, to approach, accost (Cotgr.) A metaph. expression from boarding a ship; see Nares.

=board, bord,= a shilling. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll); _a bord_, a shylling; Harman, Caveat, p. 83.

=bob,= a blow that does not break the skin, a rap; ‘Pinches, nippes and bobbes’, Ascham, Scholemaster (ed. Arber, 47); a taunt, a bitter jibe, As You Like It, ii. 7. 55; Wycherley, Dancing-master, i. 2 (Monsieur); ‘_Ruade seiche_, a drie bob, jeast or nip’, Cotgrave. ‘Bob’, in the sense of a slight blow, is in prov. use in the Midlands and in E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Bob, sb.^{2} 1).

=bob,= to fish (for eels) with a _bob_, or grub for bait. Fletcher, Rule a Wife, ii. 4. 9. In use in the Norfolk Broads, see NED. (s.v. Bob, vb.^{4}), and EDD. (s.v. Bob, vb.^{6} 1).

=bob,= to deceive, cheat. Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 75; ‘_Avoir le moine_, to be gleekt, bobbed’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Span. Curate, v. 2 (Bartolus); Little French Lawyer, ii. 1. 24. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Bob, vb.^{5}). OF. _bober_.

=bobber,= a cheat, deceiver. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 12.

=bobance, bobaunce,= arrogance, vanity. Morte Arthur, leaf 262. 12; bk. x, c. 63; id. lf. 376. 25; bk. xviii, c. 15. F. _bobance_, ‘excessive spending; insolency, surquedrie, proud or presumptuous boasting’ (Cotgr.). O. Prov. _bobansa_, ‘faste, ostentation’ (Levy).

=bob-fool:= in phr. _to play bob-fool_, to flout, make sport. Greene, Alphonsus, iv (Amurack).

=Bocardo,= the name of the prison above the old North Gate of the city of Oxford, where Cranmer was confined, Strype, Archbp. Cranmer, iii. 11. 341; Oxford Records, 414; a prison, Stubbes, Anatomy of Abuses (ed. Furnivall, 126); Middleton, Family of Love, i. 3 (Club). ‘Bocardo’ is a mnemonic word used in Logic.

=bodge,= an odd measure of corn. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host). In Kent the word _bodge_ means an odd measure of corn, left over after the bulk has been measured into quarters and sacks; _bodge_ also means in Kent a flat oblong basket used for carrying produce of garden or field, see EDD. (s.v. Bodge, sb.^{1} 1 and 2).

=bodkin,= a dagger. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, ii. 3 (Duarte); Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, ii. 2 (Aphobus); cp. Hamlet, iii. 1. 76.

=bodkin;= see =baudkin.=

=bodrag,= a hostile incursion, a raid. ‘Nightly _bodrags_’, Spenser, Colin Clout, 315. Hence _bodraging_, misspelt _bordraging_, the same; F. Q. ii. 10. 63. Irish _buaidhreadh_, molestation, disturbance; _buaidhr-im_, I vex, bother, trouble (Dinneen).

=bog,= proud, saucy, bold. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. vii, ch. 37. st. 109; Rogers, Naaman, 18. Cp. ME. _boggisshe_, ‘tumidus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 161).

=boggard,= a privy, _latrina_. Shirley, Witty Fair One, iv. 6 (end).

=boistous, busteous, bousteous,= rough, rustic, coarse, violent, vigorous. _Bousteous_ tree, vigorous tree; Turbervile, Time Conquereth all Things, st. 7. _Boystous_, rude, coarse, A. Borde, Introd. of Knowledge, bk. i, c. 14; p. 160. ME. _boystows_, ‘rudis’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 166). See Dict. (s.v. Boisterous).

=boll,= a rounded seed-vessel or pod, as that of flax or cotton. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 146. 50. Hence _bolled_, having ‘bolls’, pods; BIBLE, Ex. ix. 31 (AV.). ‘Boll’, in the sense of the seed-vessel of flax, is in prov. use in Scotland and Ireland, also in Lincolnshire, see EDD. (s.v. Boll, sb.^{2}).

=boll,= to quaff the bowl, to booze; ‘They might syt bebbinge and bollynge’, Coverdale, Micah, ii. 11. Hence _boller_, one who lingers at the bowl, a drunkard, Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 81.

=bollen,= swollen. Lucrece, 1417 (in old edd. _boln_); _bolne_, Hawes, Past Pleas., p. 135; Surrey, tr. Aeneid ii, 616; _bowlne_, id. ii. 348. Cp. the E. Anglian _bown_, swollen (EDD.). ME. _bollen_, swollen (Cursor M. 12685). Icel. _bólgna_; Dan. _bolne_, to swell. See NED. (s.v. Bell, vb.^{1}).

=bolt,= an arrow for a cross-bow, with a blunt or square head, also _gen._ an arrow; ‘The bolt of Cupid’, Mids. Night’s D., ii. 1. 165; ‘A fool’s bolt is soon shot’, Hen. V, iii. 7. 132; Heywood, Eng. Prov. (ed. Farmer, 145); ‘I’ll make a shaft or a bolt on’t’, Merry Wives, iii. 4. 24 (i.e. I’ll take the risk, whatever may come of it).

=bolt’s-head,= a kind of retort used by alchemists. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Mammon); named from its long cylindrical neck.

=bolt,= a roll of a woven stuff. B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 2 (Subtle).

=boltered,= clotted, coagulated. ‘Blood-boltered’, having the hair clotted with blood, Macbeth, iv. 1. 123. A Warwickshire word (EDD.).

=bolting-hutch,= a trough into which meal is sifted. Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, v. 1 (Simon). A Lincolnshire word, see EDD. (s.v. Bolting, 2 (3)).

=bombard,= ‘a great gun or piece of ordnance’ (Bullokar). Caxton, Reynard (ed. Arber, 58). F. _bombarde_, a bumbard, or murthering-piece (Cotgr.).

=bombard,= a large leathern vessel to carry liquors. Tempest, ii. 2. 21; Hen. VIII, v. 4. 85. Hence _bombard-man_, one who provides liquor. B. Jonson, Masque of Love Restored (Robin).

=bombast,= cotton wadding. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 359; Beaumont and Fl., Little French Lawyer, ii. 2. 8. OF. _bombace_, cotton (Godefroy). See Dict.

=bonair=(=e,= gentle, courteous. Holland, Livy, iv. 2. 446; _bonerly_, in debonnaire fashion, World and Child, l. 2, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 243. F. _bonnaire_ and _bonnairement_ (Cotgr.).

=bona roba,= a handsome wench, a wanton. 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 26. Ital. _buonaroba_, ‘as we say, good stuffe, a good wholesome plum-cheeked wench’ (Florio).

=bone;= ‘Look not upon me as I am a woman, But as a bone, thy wife, thy friend’, Otway, Venice Preserved, ii. 2 (Belvidera). Meaning doubtful.

=bones:= in phr. _to make bones_, to make scruples about, find difficulty in; ‘Who make no bones of the Lord’s promises, but devoure them all’, Rogers, Naaman, 579; ‘He made no manier bones . . . but went in hande to offer up his only son Isaac’, Udall, Erasm. Par., Luke i. 28. Formerly also, _to find bones in_ (Paston Letters, 331), referring to the occurrence of bones in soup, &c., as an obstacle to its being easily swallowed, see NED. (s.v. Bone, 8).

=bones,= dice. A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Stephen). A common expression.

=bonfacion,= of good fashion, fashionable. Three Ladies of London; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 251, 311.

=bongrace,= a shade worn on the front of a woman’s bonnet as a protection from the sun. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 4 (Song). F. ‘_bonnegrace_, the uppermost flap of the downhanging taile of a French hood; whence belike our Boongrace’ (Cotgr.).

=bonnibell,= a fair lass. Spenser, Shep. Kal., August, 62; B. Jonson, The Satyr, l. 21. From F. _bonne et belle_, good and fair girl. See =bellibone.=

=bonny-clabber,= sour buttermilk. B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1 (Host); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2. 8. ‘Bonny-clabber’ in Ireland means thick milk. Irish _bainne_ [pronounc. _bonny_], milk, and _clabair_, anything thick or half-liquid. In use in the United States wherever Irishmen forgather. See Joyce, English in Ireland, 219.

=bookholder,= a prompter in a theatre. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, Induct.

=books:= phr. _to be in a person’s books_; ‘I see, lady, the gentleman is not in your books’, Much Ado, i. 1. 179 (the probable meaning is, he is not in favour, not in the lady’s ‘book of memory’, 1 Hen. VI, ii. 4. 101).

=boon,= good; esp. in French phrases. ‘On a boon voyage’, Conflict of Conscience; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 63. ‘Nature boon’, Milton, P. L. iv. 242; cp. ix. 793.

=boord, bord;= see =board,= and =bourd.=

=boot-carouse,= a carousing out of a bombard or black-jack, which was likened to a boot. Marston, Sat., ii. 154.

=boot-hale,= to carry off booty. Heywood, Sallust, 33. Hence, _boot-haler_, a freebooter, highwayman, Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (J. Dapper); Holland, Livy, xxii. 41. 458; _boot-haling_, the carrying away of booty, Florio, Montaigne, ii. 31; Fletcher, The Chances, i. 4 (Frederic); Maid in the Mill, ii. 2 (Antonio).

=booty:= in phr. _to play booty_, to play so as to lose, in order to draw the opponent on, and get some ‘booty’ in the end’, Dryden, Pref. to Don Sebastian, § 7; Heywood, A Woman Killed, iii. 2 (Frankford). Also, _to bowl booty_, to play at bowls so as to lose at first, Webster, White Devil (Camillo), ed. Dyce, p. 7. See Nares.

=borachio,= a large leather bottle or bag used in Spain (_borracha_). B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Meer); Greene, Looking Glasse (Works, ed. 1861, 133); _fig._ a drunkard, Middleton, Span. Gipsy, i. 1. 7. Span. _borracho_, a drunkard.

=bord,= rim, circumference. ‘He plants a brazen piece of mighty bord’, Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 (Host). The reference is to a barber’s basin. F. _bord_, edge, border.

=bordello,= a brothel. B. Jonson, Every Man, i. 1 (Knowell). Ital. ‘_bordello_, a bawdy-house’ (Florio).

=bordon,= a staff. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 132, back, 24. ME. _bordun_, a pilgrim’s staff (P. Plowman, A. vi. 8). F. _bourdon_ (Cotgr.). O. Prov. _bordon_, bâton de pèlerin.

=bordraging;= see =bodrag.=

=bore,= to trick, cheat, overreach. Hen. VIII, i. 1. 128; Life T. Cromwell, ii. 2. 103 (NED.).

=boree, bouree,= a rustic dance, orig. of Auvergne. Etheridge, Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). F. _bourrée_ (Hatzfeld).

=borrel,= unlearned, rude, rough, rustic. Spenser, Shep. Kal., July, 95; Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 28. ME. _borel_, in Chaucer: coarse woollen clothes, C. T. D. 356; _borel men_, laymen, C. T. B. 3145.

=borrow, borow,= a pledge, surety. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 131, 150; ‘Dear Pan bought with dear borrow’, id. Sept., 96. ME. _borwe_, a surety (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2998). OE. _borh_ (_borge_) a pledge, surety.

=borrow,= to give security for, to assure, warrant. Greene, Isabel’s Ode, 33; ed. Dyce, p. 296.

=bosky,= full of thickets. Peele, Chron. Edw. I (ed. 1874, p. 407); Tempest, iv. 1. 81; Milton, Comus, 312. A Cheshire and Yorkshire word, from _bosk_, an underwood thicket (EDD.). ME. _boske_, a bush.

=boss,= a fat woman, Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Zenocrate); ‘A fat boss, _femme bien grasse et grosse, une Coche_’, Sherwood. A Lancashire word for a fat lazy woman, see EDD. (s.v. Boss, sb.^{1} 6).

=bosse,= supposed to mean a water-conduit; esp. used of _the Bosse of Billingsgate_, W. de Worde, Treatyse of a Galaunt (see Title of the Play); B. Jonson, Time Vindicated (Eyes); ‘_Bosse Alley_, so called of a Bosse of Spring-water continually running, which standeth by Billingsgate against this alley’, Stow, Survey (ed. 1842, p. 79). See NED. (s.v. Boss, sb.^{2}).

=botcher,= a mender of old clothes; or (disrespectfully) a tailor. All’s Well, iv. 3. 211; Cor. ii. 1. 93; Dekker, Old Fortunatus, i. 1 (Fortune).

=bottom of packthread,= a ball of string. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv, 4 (Brainworm); Tam. Shrew, iv. 3. 138. Properly the clew or nucleus on which the ball was wound. [‘I wish I could wind up my bottom handsomely’, Sir W. Scott, Diary, March 17, 1826.] See EDD. (s.v. Bottom, 8). ME. _botme_ of threde (Prompt.).

=bouche:= in phr. _bouche in court_, an allowance of victual granted by a king or noble to his household; ‘A good allowance of dyet, a bouche in court, as we use to call it’, Puttenham, English Poesie, bk. i, c. 27 (ed. Arber, 70). F. _avoir bouche à Court_, ‘to eat and drinke scotfree, to have budge-a-Court, to be in ordinarie at Court’ (Cotgr.). See =bouge.=

=bouffage,= a satisfying meal. ‘No bouffage, but a light bit’, Sir T. Browne, Letter to a Friend, § 9. F. _bouffage_, ‘any meat that (eaten greedily) fills the mouth and makes the cheeks to swell; cheek-puffing meat’ (Cotgr.). F. _bouffer_, to swell.

=bouge,= to flinch. Julius Caesar, iv. 3. 44; _boudge_, Beaumont and Fl., Humorous Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius). See Dict. (s.v. Budge (1)).

=bouge,= to ‘bilge’, to stave in a ship’s side; intr., to suffer fracture, as a ship. ‘My barke was _boug’d_’, Mirror for Mag., Carassus, st. 44. ‘Least thereupon Our shippe should _bowge_’, Gascoigne, Voyage into Holland, ed. Hazlitt, i. 390. See NED. See Dict. (s.v. Bilge).

=bouge,= provisions; ‘A bombard man, that brought bouge for a country lady’, B. Jonson, Love Restored (Robin).

=bouge of court,= court-rations; ‘The Bowge of Courte’ (the title of a poem written by Skelton); ‘Every of them to have lyke bouge of courte’, State Papers, Hen. VIII, i. 623 (NED.). See =bouche.=

=bouget,= a budget, wallet. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 29; a water-vessel of skin, Damon and Pithias, in Hazlitt, iv. 72. F. _bougette_ (Cotgr.); dimin. of OF. _bouge_, a water-skin; cp. ME. _bowge_, ‘I am maad as a bowge in frost’ (Wyclif, Ps. cxix. 83). See Dict. (s.v. Budget).

=bough-pot,= a flower-pot, a vase for boughs or cut flowers. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. (Rhoderique). A Lincolnsh. and Northamptonsh. word (EDD.).

=bought,= a twist, a knot. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 2. 13; used of the coil of a serpent, Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 255. ‘Bought’ is in prov. use in the north country for a curve or bend; the curve of the elbow or knee. See EDD. (s.v. Bought, sb.^{1} 1).

=bounty,= goodness in general, worth, virtue; ‘He is only the true and essential Bounty’, Drummond of Hawthornden, Cypress Grove (Wks. ed. 1711, p. 127); _bountie_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 4; ‘A lovely lasse, Whose beauty doth her bounty far surpasse’, F. Q. iii. 9. 4; ‘Large was his bounty and his soul sincere’, Gray, Elegy, 121 (The Epitaph). ME. bountee, goodness (Chaucer. An A.B.C., 9). F. _bonté_ ‘goodness, honesty, sincerity, vertue, uprightness’ (Cotgr.); L. _bonitas_, goodness (Vulgate).

=bourd, bord,= a jest. Drayton, Eclogue, vii. 208; _bord_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 19; iv. 4. 13. F. _bourde_, ‘a jeast, fib, tale of a tub’ (Cotgr.).

=bourd,= to jest. Ford, ’Tis pity, ii. 4 (Peggio).

=bourd,= to accost. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid iv, l. 899. See =board.=

=bourdel,= a brothel. Farquhar, Constant Couple, ii. 2. 4. See =bordello.=

=bout, bowt,= a coil; a circuit, orbit. Sir T. Wyatt, Song of Iopas, 45; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 94. See =bought.=

=boute-feu,= a fire-brand, incendiary. Bacon, Hen. VII, ed. Lumby, p. 66, l. 13; Butler, Hudibras, i. 1. 786. F. _boute-feu_, ‘a boute-feu, a wilful or voluntary firer of houses; also, a fire-brand of sedition, a kindler of strife and contention’ (Cotgr.).

=bout-hammer,= a heavy two-handed hammer. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, v. 4 (Pergamus). For _about-hammer_, the largest hammer employed by blacksmiths; it is slung round (or _about_) near the extremity of the handle. An East Anglian word (EDD.).

=bouzing-ken,= drinking-house, ale-house. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1 (Higgen); Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Trapdoor). See Harman, Caveat, p. 83.

=bovoli,= snails, cockles; considered as delicacies. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Mercury). Ital. _bovolo_ (pl. _bovoli_), ‘a snayle, a cockle, periwinkle’ (Florio).

=bowd,= a weevil, malt-worm. Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 39; ‘A boude, _vermis frumentarius_’, Coles, Dict. (1679). ME. _bowde_, malte-worme (Prompt.). An East Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Boud).

=bow-dye,= a scarlet dye; name from _Bow_, near Stratford, Essex, where the dyers mostly lived, in the 17th cent. Hence, as attrib., ‘My bowdy stockings’, Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, iv. 1 (Prue).

=bowerly,= comely, portly, ‘burly’. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Alexander, § 8. In common use in Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall (EDD.). See Notes on Eng. Etym. (s.v. Burly).

=bow-hand,= the hand that holds the bow, the left hand. In phr. _wide o’ th’ bow-hand_, wide of the mark (towards the left); L. L. L. iv. 1. 135; _much o’ th’ bow-hand_, Fletcher, Noble Gentleman, iv. 2 (end); Coxcomb, i. 3. 2.

=bowlne,= swollen. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii, l. 348. See =bollen.=

=bowne,= a bound, limit. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. v. ch. 23. st. 45. In the same, st. 1 ‘the former bowne’ seems to mean ‘the preceding chapter’. Norm. Fr. _bowne_ (_bodne_), ‘limite’ (Moisy). Cp. Med. Lat. _bonna_, _bodina_ (Ducange).

=bowne,= a boon, a favour in answer to a request. Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 45; Adam Bel, 509, in Hazlitt’s Pop. Poetry, ii. 160. Icel. _bōn_, a prayer.

=bowrs, bowers,= muscles that bend the joints, strong muscles. Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 12. Lit. _bow-er_, i.e. that which bows or bends; see NED.

=box-keeper,= the keeper of the dice and box at a gaming-table; ‘Gettall, _a box-keeper_’, Massinger, City Madam (Dramatis Personae).

=boyn,= to swell. ‘Her heeles behind _boynd_ out’, Golding, Metam. viii. 808; fol. 105 (1603). Cp. _boine_, _bunny_, Essex words for a swelling caused by a blow (EDD.). OF. _buyne_ (now _bigne_); see Hatzfeld.

=brabble,= to wrangle, quarrel, Coles, Dict. (1679); _brabble_, a quarrel, brawl, Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 69; Titus And. ii. 1. 62; hence, _brabbler_, a quarreller, King John, v. 2. 162; _brabbling_, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, i. 1 (Colonel); ‘Noe more brabbling with him’ (your old Glasier), Dorothy Wadham, Letter (1614), in T. G. Jackson’s Wadham College (1893, p. 161). Du. ‘_brabbelen_, to brawle or to brabble’ (Hexham).

=brace,= to gird, encompass. ‘Bigge Bulles of Basan brace hem about’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 124. OF. _bracier_, to embrace, deriv. of _brace_, the two arms (Ch. Rol., 1343).

=bracer, braser,= a protection for the arm in archery. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 108, 109.

=brach,= a bitch-hound. Properly a kind of hunting-dog; but it came to be used with reference to a bitch in general. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 48; Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (Belgarde); King Lear, i. 4. 125. OF. _brac_, hunting-dog (Didot). OHG. _bracco_ (Schade).

=brachet,= a small hunting-dog. Morte Arthur, leaf 52, back, 22; bk. iii, c. 5. F. ‘_brachet_, a kind of little hound’ (Cotgr.).

=brachygraphy,= shorthand, stenography. B. Jonson, Paris Anniversary (Fencer); Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2 (Sanitonella). Gk. βραχυγραφία.

=brack,= salt water. Only in Drayton, Pol. xxv. 50; Agincourt, 185 (NED.). Du. _brak_, briny, brackish.

=brack,= a breach, fracture, Oxford City Records, 387; ‘_Breche_, a brack or breach in a wall’, Cotgrave; a flaw, fault, ‘A brack, _vitium_’, Coles, Dict. (1679); Digby, On the Soul, Dedic. (Johnson); a flaw in cloth, Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, 33); Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, xvii. 249; a rupture, a quarrel, Chapman, Byron’s Conspiracy, v. 1 (Byron).

=brag,= brisk, lively. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 2. 11; ‘the bragge lambs’, G. Fletcher, Christ’s Victory, i (NED.).

=braid,= a sudden or brisk movement. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 2 (Marcella). ME. _brayd_: ‘She (Dido) walketh, walweth, maketh many a brayd’ (Chaucer, Leg. G. W., 1166); OE. _bregdan_, to move suddenly to and fro.

=braid,= a sudden outburst of passion, anger. Warner, Alb. England, bk. vii, ch. 37, st. 105; a sudden assault, Golding, Metam., xiii. 240; an adroit turn, trick, deception, Greene, Radagon in Dianam, 62 (ed. Dyce, 302); (?) deceitful, All’s Well, iv. 2. 73.

=braided;= _braided ware_, goods that have changed colour, tarnished, faded. Marston, Scourge Villainie, Sat. v. 73 (cp. Bailey’s Dict., 1721; see NED.).

=brail,= in hawking, to confine a hawk’s wings by means of a _brail_, or soft leather girdle; ‘They _brail_ and hud us’ [confine and hood us], Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 9 (Flavia). OF. _brail_, _braiel_, a girdle. Med. L. _bracale_, deriv. of _bracae_, breeches (Ducange).

=brake,= a powerful bit for horses. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2 (Cent.).

=brake,= to set one’s face in a brake, to assume an immovable expression of countenance. Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois, i. 1 (Bussy).

=brame,= longing, desire. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 52. Ital. _brama_, earnest desire; from _bramare_, to desire. Cp. O. Prov. ‘_bramar_, braire, désirer ardemment’ (Levy), F. _bramer_ (Hatzfeld).

=branched,= adorned with a figured pattern in embroidery, &c.; ‘Branched velvet’, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 54; Ford, Witch of Edmonton, iii. 2 (Frank).

=branded,= brindled; of mixed colour, streaked. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad, xii. 217. A common prov. word (EDD.).

=brandenburg,= a morning gown, with long sleeves. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Wycherley, Plain Dealer, ii. 1 (Olivia). From Brandenburg, in Germany, where there were woollen manufactories.

=brandle,= to shake, endanger, cause to waver. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 155. F. _branler_. See =brangle.=

=brandlet,= a bird; prob. the brand-tail or redstart. Gascoigne, Prol. to Philomene, 31. See EDD. (s.v. Brand-tail).

=brand-wine,= brandy. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 1 (Clause). Du. _brande-wijn_, brandy, lit. burnt (i.e. distilled) wine.

=brangle,= to shake, cause to waver; hence, to render uncertain, to confuse. Merry Devil, ii. 2. 6. F. _branler_. Cp. =brandle.=

=brank,= buck-wheat; ‘Brank, Buck, or French-wheat, a summer grain delighting in warm land’, Worlidge; Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 20. An E. Anglian word (EDD.).

=bransle,= a kind of dance. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 8. F. ‘_bransle_, a brawl or dance wherein many (men and women) holding by the hands, sometimes in a ring, and other-whiles at length, move all together’ (Cotgr.). Cp. =brawl.=

=brant,= steep. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 58; ‘Even brant agenst Flodon hil’, (perhaps) even on the steep side of Flodden hill; id. p. 88. In common prov. use in the north country (EDD.). OE. (Anglian) _brant_.

=brasell;= see =brazil.=

=brast,= to burst. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 2, § 2; Douglas, Eneados, iv. 81; pt. t., Sir T. More, Richard III (ed. Lumby, p. 74); Bunyan, Pilg. Pr. (ed. 1678, p. 73). In common prov. use in the north (EDD.). ME. _breste_(_n_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. v. 1008). OE. _berstan_.

=brathel,= a malignant scold. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 60. See =brothel.=

=brave,= finely arrayed; showy, splendid; fine, excellent. Tam. Shrew, Ind., i. 40; Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 2 (Sancho); ‘Brave, _splendidus_’, Levins, Manip.; As You Like It, iii. 4. 43. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).

=brawl,= a French dance. L. L. L. iii. 9; the figure is fully described in Marston, Malcontent, iii. 1 (Guerrino). See =bransle.=

=brawn-fall’n,= having arms from which the muscle has fallen away. Kyd, Cornelia, iii. 1. 77; Lyly, Euphues, ed. Arber, p. 127.

=braye,= a brae, a steep bank; ‘Agaynste a rocke or an hye braye’, Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 159. ‘Bray’ is still in use in Yorksh. and Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Brae). Icel. _brā_, eyebrow, see NED.

=braye,= a military outwork, a mound or bank defended by palisades and watch-towers. Act 4 Hen. VIII. 1. § 1 (NED.). _False braye_, an advanced parapet surrounding the main rampart, Urquhart, Rabelais, iii. Prol. F. _faulses brayes_, ‘issues qui doivent être bouchées, dans une place forte, quand l’ennemi approche’, Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais, iii. Prol. Norm. F. _faulses brayes_, ‘espèce de muraille, établie en dehors d’une forteresse et servant de retranchement’ (Moisy). Med. L. _braca_, ‘moles, agger’ (Ducange).

=brazil, brasell,= a hard wood which yields a red dye. Davenant, The Wits, i. 1. 9; Ascham, Toxophilus (Arber, 133). In popular use in the Yorksh. phrase, ‘As hard as brazzil’, see EDD. (s.v. Brazil, sb.^{1}). Port. and Span. _brasil_. The country in S. America is named from this wood (NED.).

=break:= phr. _to break one’s day_, to fail to make a payment on the day appointed. Heywood, Eng. Traveller, iii. 1 (Prud.).

=break up,= to break open; to open a letter. 1 Hen. VI, i. 3. 13; Merch. Ven. ii. 4. 10. Also, to carve, L. L. L. iv. 1. 56.

=breast,= the source of the voice, the voice in singing. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 20; Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 6 (Fool); G. Herbert, The Temper, p. 47.

=breathe:= phr. _to breathe a vein_, to open a vein by lancing it. Dryden, Oliver Cromwell, st. 12; Georgics, iii. 700; Palamon, iii. 755.

=breathely,= worthless. Tusser, Husbandry, § 33. 36. Cp. ME. _brethel_(_l_, a worthless fellow (York Plays, xxvi. 179). See NED.

=breck,= a breach, gap. Tusser, Husbandry, § 16. 16 (p. 40). A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _brekke_ (Chaucer, Bk. Duch., 940).

=breme,= fierce, stormy; ‘Breme winter’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 42; ‘_Froid_, cold, breame, chill’, Cotgrave; Drayton, Heroic. Epist., xvi. 8. ME. _breme_ (Lydgate, Chron. Troy, ii. 16). Still in use in the north country (EDD.). Cp. OE. _brēman_, to rage: _broeman_ ‘fervere’, in Preface Lind. Matthew (ed. Skeat, p. 5, l. 5).

=breme.= Of reports, loudly prevalent; ‘In their talke most breeme Was then Achilles victorie’, Golding, Met. xii. 280. OE. _brēme_, famous, celebrated.

=brended,= brindled. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Puppy). See =brinded.=

=brenne,= to burn. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 3. 45; pt. t. _brent_, id. i. 9. 10; pp. _brent_, id. ii. 6. 49. In prov. use (EDD.). ME. _brennen_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2331). Icel. _brenna_.

=brere,= a briar. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Dec, 2; Sackville, Induction, st. 39. A very common prov. pronunc. (EDD.). OE. (Mercian) _brēr_, WS. _brǣr_.

=bret,= the name of a fish like the turbot; ‘The bret, of all [fishes] the slowest’, Lyly, Alexander, ii. 2 (Hephestion). Also called a _birt_ or _burt_. See EDD.

=bretch,= a breach; ‘With careless _bretch_’, Phaer. and Twyne, tr. of Aeneid, x. 467. F. _brèche_.

=brevit,= to hunt about, search, pry, beat about, forage; ‘Breviting by night’, Drayton, The Owl, 179. Prob. from _brevet_, in the sense of taking by ‘brevet’ or written warrant (NED.). In gen. use in the midland counties (EDD.).

=briars:= phr. _in the briars_, in troubles, among thorns; ‘I ought not so to leave Eccho _in_ the bryers’, Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, v. 1.

=bribe,= a thing stolen, Barclay, Shyp of Folys, ii. 85. OF. _bribe_, a piece of bread, F. ‘_bribe_, a peece of bread given unto a beggar’ (Cotgr.).

=bribe,= to take dishonestly, to purloin, to steal or rob; ‘They do deceive the needy, bribe and pill from them’, Cranmer, Instr. of Prayer; ‘I bribe, I pyll’, Palsgrave. ME. _brybyn_ (_briben_) ‘latrocinor’ (Prompt.).

=bribery,= robbery with violence, extortion, Geneva Bible (Matt. xxiii. 25).

=bribour,= a thief or robber, Berners, tr. of Froissart, ii. 10. 21. ME. _brybowre_ (Prompt.).

=brickle,= fragile, easily broken; ‘Brickle vessels’, BIBLE (AV.), Wisdom, xv. 13; ‘brickle, _fragilis_’, Levins, Manip.; Spenser, Ruins of Time, 499; Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 100. 8. OE. _brycel_, see NED. (s.vv. Britchel, Brickle). See =brokle, bruckle.=

=bride-house,= the house where a wedding is held. ‘A public hall for celebrating marriages’, Nares. Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 1. 22.

=bride-lace,= a piece of gold, silk, or other lace, used to bind up the sprigs of rosemary formerly used at weddings. Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3 (Hazard).

=bridling-cast,= a glass taken when the horse is bridled; a stirrup-glass, stirrup-cup. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 2 (Yo. Loveless).

=brigand-harness,= a brigandine, a piece of armour worn by a ‘brigand’ or foot-soldier. World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 251. See =brigandine.=

=brigandine,= a small vessel equipped both for sailing and rowing. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Tamb.); also _brigantine_, Baret, Alvearie. F. _brigandin_ (_brigantin_).

=brigandine,= a coat-of-mail, corslet. Milton, Samson, 1120.

=briggen-yrons,= brigand-irons, armour for the arms. Thersites, ed. Pollard, l. 169. See =brigand-harness.=

=brim,= fierce, esp. an epithet of the boar; ‘Never bore so brymme’, Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 6. 5; ME. _brym_ (_brim_) fierce (Prompt.). See =breme= (1).

=brim,= (of reports, rumours) loudly current, much spoken of. Throgmorton (NED., s.v. Breme 4); _brimme_, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. iv. ch. 20, st. 35. See =breme= (2).

=brimse,= a gadfly. Gosson, School of Abuse (Arber, 64); _brimsees_, pl., Topsell, Serpents, 769. A Kentish word, ‘You have a brims in your tail’, see EDD. (s.v. Brims). G. _bremse_; Icel. _brims_ (Fritzner). Norw. dialect _brims_ (Aasen); Swed. _brems_.

=brinch,= to pledge in drinking. Lyly, Mother Bombie, ii. 1 (Halfpenie); also written _brince_, to offer drink: ‘Luther first brinced to Germany the poisoned cup’, Harding, in Jewel’s Works, IV, 335 (NED.). Cp. the German expression, _Ich bring’s_ (_euch_), i.e. I drink to you, lit. I bring it (to you). Cp. Ital. _brindisi_ (Florio).

=brinded,= brindled, streaked; ‘The brinded cat’, Macbeth, iv. 1. 1. In prov. use (EDD.).

=bring:= phr. _to be with one to bring_: a phrase of various application, but usually implying getting the upper hand in some way. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 304; Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady and Welford); Peele, Sir Clyomon (ed. Dyce, 503); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Y. Chartley); Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12. 22.

=brist:= phr. _full brist_, full burst, with sudden violence. Golding, Metam. xi. 510; fol. 138 (1603). A northern form of OE. _berstan_, to burst (EDD.).

=brize,= a breeze, a gadfly. Spenser, Visions of the World’s Vanity, ii. 10; spelt _bryze_, F. Q. vi. 1. 24. The gadfly is called _briz_ in Cheshire, Shropsh., and Gloucestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Breeze, sb.^{1}). OE. _briosa_ (_breosa_).

=brocage,= procuracy in immorality. Spenser, Introd. to Shep. Kal. (beginning); Mother Hubbard’s Tale, 851. Also, bribery, mean practice, Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 7. ME. _brocage_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3375). Anglo-F. _brocage_, the action of an intermediary.

=broche,= the ‘first head’ of a hart. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21; p. 52. OF. _broche_. Med. L. _broca_, ‘cornu’ (Ducange).

=broche, broach,= a spit. Morte Arthur, leaf 84. 34; bk. v, c. 5; ‘hazel broach’, spit made of hazel-wood, Dryden, tr. of Virgil, Georg. ii. 545; to pierce with a spit, to pierce, Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid i. 92. F. _broche_, a spit; _brocher_, to broach, to spit (Cotgr.).

=brock,= a badger. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (Tuck); ‘Brocke or badger’, Huloet; applied as a term of contempt to a dirty stinking fellow, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 114. ME. _broke_, ‘taxus’ (Prompt.). OE. _broc_, cp. O. Irish _brocc_. In prov. use in various parts of England and Scotland for the animal, and in Scotland in its transferred sense (EDD.).

=broken beer,= remnants or leavings of beer in pots and glasses. Founded on the phrases _broken meat_, _bread_, or _victuals_, meaning fragments of meat, &c. Cartwright, The Ordinary, i. 4 (Slicer). So also _broken bread_, The London Chanticleers, sc. 1 (Heath).

=broken music,= concerted music, music arranged for parts. As You Like It, i. 2. 150; Hen. V, v. 2. 263; Tr. and Cr. iii. 1. 52.

=brokle,= brittle, frail. Sir T. Elyot, bk. iii, c. 19, § 1. See =bruckle.=

=bronstrops,= a prostitute. ‘A bronstrops is in English a hippocrene’, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Col.’s Friend); id. iv. 4 (Chough); Webster, Cure for Cuckold, iv. 1.

=brothel,= an abandoned wretch; ‘Go hence, thou brothel’, Calisto and Melibaea, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 82; ‘bitched brothel’, World and Child, in the same, i. 254. ME. _brothell_, a worthless fellow (Gower, C. A. vii. 2595).

=brouse, brouze,= young shoots of trees, eaten by cattle. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 132. 3; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 10. 45.

=brown bill,= a weapon, a kind of halbert. 2 Hen. VI, iv. 10. 13; King Lear, iv. 6. 92.

=bruckel’d,= begrimed, dirty. Herrick, The Temple, 58. In use in the north country and in East Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Bruckle, vb.^{2}).

=bruckle,= brittle, fragile. Puttenham, E. Poesie, p. 219. In prov. use in various parts of England, and in Scotland and Ireland (EDD.). OE. _brucol_. See =brokle, brickle.=

=bruit,= a rumour, report. 3 Hen. VI, iv. 7. 64; Timon, v. 1. 198; to noise abroad, 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 114; 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 68. F. _bruit_, noise, rumour.

†=brusle= (meaning doubtful), to crack (?). Fletcher, A Wife for a Month ii. 6 (Camillo). Perhaps the same word as =brustle.=

=brustle,= to parch, scorch, to crackle in cooking or burning, as in Gower, C. A. iv. 2732. ‘He . . . brustleth as a monkes froise (pancake)’. Hence, to make a noise like the waves of the sea, spelt _brussel_, Fletcher, Span. Curate, iv. 7 (Lopez). In prov. use in the north, also in Kent and Sussex, in the sense of scorching, crackling; see EDD. (s.v. Brustle, vb.^{2}).

=brustle, brusle,= to raise the feathers, like a bird. Herrick, Hesp. (ed. 1859, p. 122).

=brutel,= brittle. Spelt _brutyll_, Morte Arthur, leaf 65, end; bk. iv, c. 8 (end). ME. _brutel_, _brotel_ (Chaucer).

=bub,= to bubble. Sackville, Induction, st. 69.

=bubber,= a drinker of wine. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, ii. 1 (Costanza).

=bubble,= to delude with _bubbles_, or unsubstantial schemes; to cheat. Etheredge, Love in a Tub, ii. 3 (Wheedle).

=bubble,= one who can be easily ‘bubbled’; a dupe. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=buck,= to steep or boil (clothes) in lye; ‘Bucke these shyrtes’, Palsgrave; Puritan Widow, i. 1. 150; the quantity of clothes washed at once, 2 Hen. VI, iv. 2. 52; _buck-basket_, basket for dirty linen, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 2. Phr. _to beat a buck_, to beat clothes when being washed, Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 2 (Spungius); _to drive a buck_, to wash clothes, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii (end). See EDD. (s.v. Buck, sb.^{2}). ME. _bouken_, to steep in lye (P. Plowman). OE. type *_būcian_, cp. G. _bäuchen_, to steep in lye; also Ital. _bucata_, F. _buée_, lye, a wash of clothes.

=buckall,= the point of a horn; ‘You all know the device of the horn, where the young fellow slips in at the butt-end, and comes squeezed out at the _buckall_’, Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Touchstone). Here _buckall_ = _buckle_, meaning the twisted or curled end of the horn, i.e. the smaller end. Cp. prov. E. _buckle-horn_, a crooked or bent horn; _buckle-mouthed_, having a twisted mouth (EDD.).

=bucke,= the body of a chariot; ‘The axletree was massie gold, the _bucke_ was massie golde’, Golding, Metam., ii. 107; fol. 16 (1603). In E. Anglia ‘buck’ is still in use for the body of a cart or wagon; esp. the front part, see EDD. (s.v. Buck, sb.^{6} 3); also pronounced _bouk_ (Bouk, sb.^{1} 5). See NED. (s.v. Bulk, sb.^{1} 3. c).

=buckle,= to prepare oneself, esp. by buckling on armour; ‘To teach dangers to come on by over-early buckling towards them’, Bacon, Essay 21. _Buckle with_, to cope with, join in close fight with, 1 Hen. VI, i. 2. 95; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 19. Also _buckle_, to bow, give way, 2 Hen. IV, i. 1. 141; _buckled_, doubled up, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1. 4.

=bud,= said of children; or used as a term of endearment. King John, iii. 4. 82; ‘O my dear, dear bud’, Wycherley, Country Wife, ii. 1 (Mrs. Pinchwife). A transferred sense of _bud_ (of a flower).

†=bud;= ‘’Tis strange these varlets . . . should thus boldly Bud in your sight, unto your son’, Fletcher, Monsieur Thomas, iv. 2 (Thomas). Meaning unknown.

=budge,= lamb’s fur. Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. vii. 65. _Budge-bachelor_, a bachelor or younger member of a company, who wore a gown trimmed with _budge_ on Lord Mayor’s day (NED.). Hence, _budge doctor_, a consequential person, Milton, Comus, 707.

=buff ne baff,= never a word; ‘Saied to hym . . . neither buff ne baff’ Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 25. Caxton, Reynard (Arber, 106). _Buff nor baff_ is a phr. in use in Leicestersh., see EDD. (s.v. Buff, sb.^{5} 6).

=buffe,= to bark gently; ‘_Buffe_ and barke’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 140. A Yorksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Buff, vb.^{3} 1).

=buffin,= a coarse cloth in use for gowns of the middle classes. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 4 (Milliscent); Eastward Ho, i. 1 (Gertrude). See NED.

=buffon= (búff-on), a buffoon. B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 3. 8. F. _bouffon_.

=bufo,= a term in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Subtle). ‘The black tincture of the alchemists’ (Gifford). Only occurs in this passage. L. _bufo_, lit. a toad.

=bug,= an object of terror, bogey, hobgoblin. Tam. Shrew, i. 2. 214; Hamlet, v. 2. 22; Peele, Battle of Alcazar, i. 2 (Moor); ‘Thou shalt not nede to be afrayed for eny bugges by night’, Coverdale, Ps. xc (xci), 5. ME. _bugge_, ‘ducius’ (Prompt.).

=bug words,= pompous, conceited words, Massinger, New Way to Pay, iii. 2 (Marrall); Ford, Perkin Warbeck, iii. 2 (Huntley). See EDD. (s.v. Bug, adj. 1).

=bulch,= to stave in the bottom of a ship. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid i. 132. Cp. _bulge_, the ‘bilge’, bottom of a ship’s hull (NED. s.v. Bulge, sb. 4).

=bulch,= a bull-calf; used as a term of endearment by a witch. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, v. 1 (Sawyer). Still in prov. use in Scotland: ‘Sic a bonnie bulch o’ a bairn’, a Banffshire expression (EDD.).

=bulchin,= a bull-calf. Tusser, Husbandry, 33; Drayton, Pol. xxi. 65; used as a term of endearment, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Young B.); a term of contempt, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). A Shropsh. word for a calf; _fig._ a stout child (EDD.). See =bulkin.=

=bulcking,= a term of endearment. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, i. 671. See NED. (s.v. Bulkin).

=bulk,= the belly, Lucrece, 467; the trunk, the body; spelt _boulke_. Elyot, Castle Health (NED.); Richard III, i. 4. 40.

=bulk,= a framework projecting from the front of a shop. Coriolanus, ii. 1. 226; Othello, v. 1. 1.

=bulker,= a petty thief; also, a street-walker, prostitute. (Cant.) Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (2 Bully). One who sleeps on a ‘bulk’, one who steals from a ‘bulk’; see =bulk= (above).

=bulkin,= a bull-calf; ‘A young white bulkin’, Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xxviii, c. 12. An E. Anglian word (EDD.). See =bulchin.=

=bull,= a jest; ‘To print his _jests_. _Hazard._ His _bulls_, you mean’, Shirley, Gamester, iii. 3.

=bull-beggar,= an object of terror, a hobgoblin. Middleton, A Trick to Catch, i. 4 (near the end); A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (Host); Bull-begger, ‘_larva_, _Terriculamentum_,’ Skinner (1671). Perhaps a corruption of _bull-boggart_. See NED.

=bulled,= swollen. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, i. 2 (George). Still in use in Northamptonsh. and Shropsh. (EDD.). ME. _bolled_, swollen (NED.).

=bullions.= The full form is _bullion-hose_ (NED.), a term applied to trunk-hose, puffed out at the upper part, in several folds. ‘His bastard bullions’, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iv. 4 (Higgen) [_bastard_ is the name of a kind of cloth]; _a pair of bullions_, The Chances, v. 2 (John); _in the bullion_, i.e. wearing bullions, Massinger, Fatal Dowry, ii. 2 (Pontalier).

=bully-rook,= a familiar term of endearment, fine fellow. Merry Wives, i. 3. 2; ii. 1. 200; Shirley, Gent. of Venice, iii. 1 (Thomazo). See EDD. (s.v. Bully, sb.^{1}).

=bum,= to strike, beat, thump. Massinger, Virgin Martyr, iv. 2 (Spungius); Greene, James IV, iii. 2 (Andrew). See EDD. (s.v. Bum, vb.^{3} 1).

=bum out,= to project; ‘What have you bumming out there?’ Rowley, A Match at Midnight, i. 1 (Tim).

=bum vay,= a familiar contraction of _by my fay_, by my faith. Contention between Liberality and Prodigality, iv. 3, near the end; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 364; _by my vay_, Wily Beguiled, Hazlitt, ix. 328. See EDD. (s.v. Fay, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _by my fey_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1126).

=bumb-blade.= (Cant.) Given in NED. as _bum-blade_, a large sword, Massinger, City Madam, i. 2 (Page).

=bump,= to make a noise like a bittern, to boom. Dryden, Wife of Bath, 194. _Bumping_, the boom of the bittern, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, bk. iii. c. 27 (4). See EDD. (s.v. Bump, vb.^{2}).

=bunch,= a company of teal; a technical word in falconry. Drayton, xxv. 63. In E. Anglia they speak of a ‘bunch’ of wild-fowl, see EDD. (s.v. Bunch, sb.^{1} ii. 2).

=bung,= a purse. (Cant.) Dekker, Roaring Girl (Wks., ed. 1873, iii. 217); a pick-pocket, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 138.

=bunting,= fat, plump. In Peele, Arraignment of Paris, i. 1. 10. NED. explains it as ‘plump’; but suggests that it may perhaps mean ‘butting’, from the verb _bunt_, to butt. I was at first inclined to take the same view; but the context decides altogether in favour of the adjective. In l. 7, Faunus brings with him ‘The _fattest_, fairest fawn in all the chace: I wonder how the knave could skip so fast.’; i.e. because he was so fat. And Pan replies that he has brought with him an equally fat lamb, viz. ‘A _bunting_ lamb; nay, pray you, feel no bones [i.e. you can’t feel his bones]. Believe me now, my cunning much I miss If ever Pan felt _fatter_ lamb than this’. See EDD. (s.v. Bunting, adj.^{1}).

=burble,= to bubble. Spelt _burbyl_, Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 8; bk. xviii. c. 21; pres. pt. _burbelynge_, id. lf. 208. 17; bk. x. c. 2; ‘I boyle up or burbyll up as a water dothe in a spring’, _Je bouillonne_, Palsgrave. See EDD.

=burbolt,= a bird-bolt, a kind of blunt-headed arrow used for shooting birds. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 2 (Custance); Marston, What you Will, Induction (Philomuse).

=burden,= a staff, club. In Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 46. See =bordon.=

=burdseat,= a board-seat, i.e. a stool. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, iii. 408.

=burgh;= See =burre= (2).

=burgullian,= a term of abuse. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 4 (Cob).

=burle,= to pick out from cloth knots, loose threads, &c.; ‘_Desquamare vestes_, to burle clothe’, Cooper, Dict. (1565). Hence _Burling-iron_, a pair of tweezers used in ‘burling’, Herrick, To the Painter, 10. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Burl, vb. 1). ME. _burle clothe_, ‘extuberare’ (Cath. Angl.).

=Burmoothes,= the Bermudas. Beaumont and Fl., Women Pleased, i. 2 (end). See =Bermoothes.=

=burnish,= to grow stout or plump, to fill out; said of the human frame. Holland, tr. of Pliny, bk. xi, ch. 37; vol. i, p. 345 b (1634); Congreve, Way of the World, iii. 3 (Mrs. Marwood); ‘_Femme qui encharge_, that grows big on’t, who burnishes, or whose belly increases’, Cotgrave; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 390. In prov. use, see EDD.

=burnt,= branded as a criminal. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. v. 2 (Cat. Bountinall).

=burnt sack,= a particular kind of wine heated at the fire, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 222; _burnt wine_, Heywood, Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Scapha); _burnt claret_, The Tatler, no. 36, § 5 (1709).

=burre,= the lowest of the tines on a stag’s horn. Turbervile, Hunting, c. 21, p. 53. Still in use in Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.^{1} 7), where the word is defined, ‘the ball or knob of a stag’s horn at its juncture with the skull’. See =antlier.=

=burre,= an iron ring on a tilting spear, just behind the place for the hand. ‘Burre or yron of a launce, &c.’, Florio, tr. of Montaigne, ii. 37; in form _burgh_, Middleton, Roaring Girl, ii. 1 (Moll). ME. _burwhe_, sercle, ‘orbiculus’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 268). See EDD. (s.v. Burr, sb.^{6}), and NED. (s.v. Burr, sb.^{1}).

=burrough, borrow,= a pledge, a surety. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Pan); v. 2 (Turfe). ME. _borwe_, a pledge (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1622). OE. _borh_ (dat. _borge_).

=Burse,= an Exchange; esp. the Royal Exchange built by Sir Thomas Gresham in 1566; it contained shops. Massinger, City Madam, iii. 1. 13; Middleton, The Roaring Girl, iv. 1 (Moll’s Song). F. _bourse_.

=bursmen,= (perhaps) shopmen; ‘Welcome, still my merchants of _bona speranza_ [i.e. gamblers]; . . what ware deal you in? . . Say, my brave bursmen’, A Woman never vext, ii. 1 (beginning). I think the reference is to keepers of shops in the Burse; see above.

=bursten,= ruptured. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 3 (Savil). In common prov. use (with various pronunciations), see EDD. (s.v. Burst, vb. 2).

=bushment,= an ambush. Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 70. ME. _buschment_ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 269).

=busine,= a trumpet. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 199. 20; _busyne_, id., lf. 187, back, 26. Anglo-F. _buisine_ (Ch. Rol., 3523), L. _buccina_.

=buske,= a bush. Ralph, Roister Doister, i. 4 (M. Merygreek). ME. _buske_, or busshe, ‘rubus’ (Prompt.).

=buskets,= a spray, as of hawthorn. _May buskets_, sprays of ‘May’ or hawthorn, Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 10. See Dict. (s.v. Bouquet).

=buskined,= wearing the buskins of tragedy; hence tragic, dignified. ‘The buskin’d scene’, Massinger, Roman Actor, i. 1. 6; ‘buskin’d strain’, Drayton, Pol. ii. 333.

=busking,= an attiring; esp. the dressing of the head. Ascham, Scholemaster, bk. i. (ed. Arber, p. 54). ME. _busken_, to get oneself ready (Cursor M., 11585). See Dict.

=buskle,= to prepare oneself; hence, to set out, start on a journey, set to work, Stanyhurst, tr. Aeneid iii. 359 (ed. Arber, 81); to hurry about, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, c. 6, st. 51. Freq. of _busk_, vb.; see above.

=busk-point,= the lace, with its tag (or point), which secured the end of the ‘busk’, or strip of wood in the front of the stays. Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, v. 2 (Hodge); Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Maquerelle); How a Man may Choose, i. 3 (Fuller).

=busky,= bushy. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 2. See =bosky.=

=bustain,= (prob.) clothed in _bustian_ or _busteyn_, a cotton fabric of foreign manufacture; used as a term of derision; ‘Penthesilea with her bustain troopes’ (i.e. her Amazons). Heywood, Iron Age, pt. ii; vol. iii, p. 368. OF. _bustanne_, ‘sorte d’étoffe fabriquée à Valenciennes’ (Godefrey).

=but,= except, 2 Hen. VI, ii. 2. 82; Massinger, Renegado, i. 2; unless, BIBLE, Amos iii. 17; _but if_, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 3. 16; iv. 8. 33. In prov. use in Cheshire (EDD.). ME. Wyclif, John xii. 24: ‘But a corn of whete falle in to the erthe, and be deed, it dwellith alone.’

=but-bolt, butt-bolt,= an unbarbed arrow used in shooting at the butts. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (Cuddy). See =butt-shaft.=

=butin,= booty. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 277, back, 18. F. _butin_.

=butter-box,= a contemptuous term for a (fat) Dutchman. Massinger, Renegado, ii. 5. 8; Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Fulgoso).

=butter-print,= a humorous expression for a child, as bearing the stamp of the parents’ likeness. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 4. 10; The Chances, i. 5 (Don John); Span. Curate, ii. 1 (Diego).

=buttery-bar,= the horizontal ledge on the top of the _buttery-hatch_, or half-door, to rest tankards on, Twelfth Nt., i. 3. 75. _Buttery-hatch_, Heywood, Eng. Traveller, i. 2 (Robin). A ‘buttery-hatch’ is still to be seen opposite the entrance to the dining-hall in every college in Oxford. See NED.

=button,= a bud. Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 1. 6. ME. _botoun_ (Rom. Rose, 1721). OF. _bouton_, a bud (Rom. Rose); see Bartsch, 412.

=buttons, to make,= to be in great fear. Middleton, Span. Gipsy, iv. 3 (Sancho). See EDD. (s.v. Button, sb.^{1} 8 and 12).

=butt-shaft,= an arrow (without a barb), for shooting at the butts. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (2 Masque: Cupid); L. L. L. i. 2. 181.

=buxom,= yielding, obedient; blithe, lively. Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 626; Henry V, iii. 6. 28; Milton, L’Allegro, 24. See Dict.

=buzzes,= for _burrs-es_, double pl. of _burr_; burrs; used of the rough seed-vessels of some plants. Field, Woman a Weathercock, ii. 1 (Scudmore).

=by and by,= immediately. BIBLE, Matt. xiii. 21; Luke xxi. 9; Spenser, F. Q. i. 8. 2. See Wright’s Bible Word-Book.

=by-blow,= a bastard. Ussher, Annals, 499 (NED.); Cox, Registers, Lambeth, A.D. 1688, p. 75. In common prov. use in the north of England and the Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. By(e, 8 (4)).

=by-chop,= a bastard. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iv. 2 (Chair).

=bye,= a secondary object; _bye and main,_ a term orig. used in dicing, expressing different ways of winning. _To bar bye and main_, to prevent entirely, stop altogether, Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii. 1 (Rosalura).

=bye,= to pay the penalty for, atone for. Ferrex and Porrex, iv. 1. 30. Cp. ME. _abyen_, to buy off (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4393). See =aby.=

=bynempt,= declared solemnly, promised with an oath. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 60; Shep. Kal., July, 214. See =benempt.=

=by’r lakin,= by our Lady-kin or little Lady (with reference to the Virgin Mary). Temp. iii. 3. 1; Mids. Night’s D. iii. 1. 14. So also _Byrlady_, Middleton, A Trick to Catch, iv. 2 (1 Gent.). In prov. use from Yorksh. to Derbysh., see EDD. (s.v. Byrlakins).

=byse,= greyish; light blue, or azure. Skelton, Garl. of Laurell, 1158. See Dict. (s.v. Bice).

=bysse,= fine linen; also, a vague name for any fine or costly material. Middleton, Father Hubberd’s Tales, ed. Dyce, v. 558; Peele, Honour of the Garter, l. 88. OF. _bysse_, L. _byssus_, Gk. βύσσos, ‘fine linen’ (Luke xvi. 19); Heb. _būts_, applied to the finest and most precious stuffs as worn by persons of high rank or honour (1 Chron. iv. 21).

C

=cabage,= to cut off the head of a deer close behind his horns. Turbervile, Hunting, xliii. 134; ‘I wyll cabage my dere, _je cabacheray ma beste_’, Palsgrave. ME. _caboche_ (Book on Hunting; NED.). F. (Picard) _caboche_, the head, see H. Estienne, Précellence, 175. 397.

=cabbish,= a cabbage. Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). A Yorksh. pronunc. (EDD.).

=cabinet,= a cabin, hut, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 83; ‘(the lark’s) moist cabinet’, Venus and Adonis, 854.

=cabrito,= a kid. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3 (B. Knight). Span. _cabrito_.

=cacafugo,= a spitfire, a braggart, blustering fellow. Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, iii. 1. 8. Span. _cacafuego_.

=cackler,= the domestic fowl. B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman).

=cackling-cheat;= see =cheat.= (Cant.)

=cacokenny,= a purposely perverted form of _cacochymy_, an unhealthy state of the humours or fluids of the body. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, iii. 2 (Sweetball). Gk. κακοχυμία.

=caddess,= the jackdaw. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. 541; ‘A cadesse or a dawe, _Monedula_’, Baret, Alvearie. An old Yorksh. word (EDD.).

=caddow,= the jackdaw. Huloet, Dict. (1552); spelt _cadowe_, Golding, Metam., vii. 468; Tusser, Husbandry, § 46. 28. ME. _cadow_(_e_, ‘monedula’ (Prompt. EETS., see note no. 313).

=cade,= a young animal brought up by hand; usually, a pet-lamb; rarely, a foal. ‘The _Cade_ which cheweth the Cudde’ (here, apparently, a calf), Gascoigne, Glasse of Governement, iii. 4 (Ambidexter). In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cade, sb.^{3} 1). ME. a _cade_, ‘ovis domestica’ (Cath. Angl.).

=cade, oil of,= oil from the prickly cedar. _Oyle of Cade_, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 66; p. 187. F. _cade_, the prickly cedar (Cotgr).

=caitif,= a captive. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 794; _caitifes_, unhappy men, Surrey, tr. of Aeneid ii. 253. Also, mean, niggardly, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. 2, § 3. Norm. F. ‘_caitif_, malheureux, misérable, captif’ (Moisy); cp. Prov. _caitiu_, ‘captif, chétif, misérable, mauvais, méchant’ (Levy). Celto-L. type *_cactivum_, L. _captivum_.

=calambac,= an Eastern name of aloes-wood or eagle-wood. A Knack to know a Knave, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 571. Malay _kalambak_. See NED.

=caldesed, chaldesed,= cheated. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 1010; Elephant in the Moon, 494. Coined from Chaldees, pl. of Chaldee, a Chaldean, an astrologer.

=Calipolis,= the wife of the Moor in Peele’s play, Battle of Alcazar, ii. 3: ‘Feed, then, and faint not, fair Calipolis.’ Hence Pistol has: ‘Feed, and be fat, my fair Calipolis’, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 193; and Heywood has: ‘To feed, and be fat, my fine Cullapolis’, Royal King (Captain), vol. vi, p. 30. Those who consult Peele’s play will find the quotation to be extremely humorous. Pistol’s words occur again in Marston, What you Will, v. 1. 1.

=calke,= to calculate. Mirror for Mag., Cobham, st. 15; _kalked_, pp.; id. Clarence, st. 26. Short for _calcule_, F. _calculer_, L. _calculare_.

=calker, calcar,= a calculator, an astrologer; ‘_Calkers_ of mens byrthes’, Coverdale, Isaiah ii. 6; _calcars_, Sir T. Wyatt, Song of Jopas, 60; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 95.

=calkins,= the turned-up ends of the horse-shoe which raise the heels from the ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, ii. 4. 68; ‘_Rampone_, a calkin in a horses shoon to keepe him from sliding’, Florio. This word, with various pronunciations, is in prov. use in many parts of England from Lancash. to Shropsh. and Lincolnsh., see EDD. (s.v. Calkin). OF. _calcain_, heel (Godefrey). L. _calcaneum_, heel (Vulg., John xiii. 18).

=callet,= a lewd woman, a tramp’s concubine. Othello, iv. 2. 122. B. Jonson, Volpono, iv. 1 (Lady P.); ‘_Paillarde_, a strumpet, callet’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Scotland, Yorksh., and Lancash., see EDD. (s.v. Callet, sb.^{1} 1). A Gipsy word, see Englische Studien, XXII (ann. 1895).

=callot, calotte,= a coif worn on the wig of a serjeant-at-law, a skull-cap. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Bias); Etheredge, She Would if she Could, iii. 3 (Sir Joslin). F. _calotte_, dimin. of _cale_, a caul.

†=callymoocher,= a term of abuse. Only occurs in Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, iii. 3 (Oliver).

=calophantic,= making a show of excellence; hypocritical. ‘Calophantic Puritaines’, Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 53, st. 21. Gk. καλό-ς, fair + -φαντης, one who shows, from φαίνειν, to show.

=calvered salmon,= fresh salmon prepared in a particular way; sometimes, apparently, pickled salmon. Massinger, Maid of Honour, iii. 1 (Gasparo). ME. _calvar_, ‘as samone or oder fysch’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 320).

=cambrel,= a crooked stick with notches on it, on which butchers hang their meat. Also _cambren_, see Phillips (1706). Wel. _cambren_; _cam_ crooked, and _pren_ wood, stick. In prov. use in Scotland, and in England, from the Border as far south as Warwick, see EDD. (s.v. Cambrel, sb.^{1}). See =gambrel.=

=cambrel,= the hock of an animal; spelt _camborell_. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 107. 3; ‘His crooked cambrils’, Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymphal, x. 20; ‘_Chapelet du jarret_, the cambrel hogh of a horse’, Cotgrave. See EDD.

=camisado,= a night attack by soldiers; orig. one in which the attacking soldiers wore shirts over their armour, that they might recognize one another. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 297; Gascoigne, Jocasta, Act ii, sc. 2, l. 56. Span. _camiçada_, ‘a camisado, assault’ (Minsheu). _Camiça_, _camisa_, ‘a shirt’, id. Late L. _camisia_, a shirt (Jerome). See NED. (s.v. Chemise).

=cammock, camocke,= a crooked tree; esp. one that is artificially bent. Lyly, Euphues, pp. 46, 408; Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 579, col. 2. ME. _cambok_, ‘pedum’ (Voc. 666. 27); Med. L. _cambuca_, ‘baculus incurvatus’ (Ducange).

=camois=(=e.= Of the nose: low and concave; ‘a Camoise nose, crooked upwarde as the Morians’, Baret, Alvearie; ‘Camously croked’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 28; _camused_, B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 1 (Lorel). F. _camus_, having a short and flat nose (Cotgr.).

=camomile;= said to grow the more, when the more trodden upon. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 441; Shirley, Hyde Park, iii. 2 (Mis. Carol).

=camouccio,= a term of reproach. B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of Humour, v. 3 (Sogliardo); spelt _camooch_, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable (Lazarillo). Perhaps Ital. _camoscio_, the chamois.

=can,= a wooden measure for liquor. Phr. _burning of cans_, branding measures, to show that they were of legal capacity; B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Amorphus).

=Can,= a lord, prince; ‘A great Emperor in Tartary whom they call Can’, Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. ii, c. 11; p. 106. See Dict. (s.v. Khan).

=can,= _pres. indic._, know; ‘Unlearned men that can no letters’, Foxe, Martyrs (ed. 1684, ii. 325); ‘Can you a remedy for the tysyke?’ Skelton, Magnyf. 561; B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass). ME. ‘I can a noble tale’ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 3126). See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.^{1} 1).

=can,= used as an auxiliary of the past tense; ‘Tho can she weepe’, Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 50; ‘He can her fairely greet’, id. i. 4. 46. ME. very common in Cursor M.; e.g. ‘Moses fourti dais can (v.r. gan) þer-on duell’, 6462. See NED. (s.v. Can, vb.^{2} 2).

=canaglia,= canaille, rabble. B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Vol.). Ital. _canaglia_, ‘base and rascally-people, only fit for dogs company’ (Florio).

=canary,= a quick and lively dance. All’s Well, ii. 1. 77; pl. _canaries_, Middleton, Women beware, iii. 2 (Ward); to dance, L. L. L. iii. 12.

=canceleer, cancelier,= a hawking term. A hawk _canceleers_ when, in stooping, she turns two or three times upon the wing, to recover herself before she seizes the prey. Massinger, Guardian, i. 1 (Durazzo); a turn or two in the air, Drayton, Pol. xx. 229. OF. (Picard) _canceler_ (F. _chanceler_), to swerve, waver.

=candle:= phr. _to hold a candle to the devil_, to assist an evil person, to persevere in evil courses. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 316 (Orgalio, p. 93, col. 1). Cp. the Gloucestersh. saying, ‘To offer a candle to the devil’, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 2 (5)).

=candles’ ends,= bits of lighted candle swallowed as flapdragons; see =flapdragon.= Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, ii. 2. 24; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 267.

=candle-waster,= one who sits up late, and so wastes candles; a student, or a rake. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, iii. 2 (Hedon); Much Ado, v. 1. A Somerset expression, see EDD. (s.v. Candle, 1 (22)).

=cane,= a ‘khan’, an Eastern inn. G. Sandys, Trav. p. 57. See Stanford (s.v. Khan). Arab, _khān_, a building (unfurnished) for the accommodation of travellers (Dozy, Glossaire, 83). See =hane.=

=canicular,= due to the dog-star. _Canicular aspect_, influence of the dog-star, excessive heat, Greene, Looking Glasse, iv. 3 (2083); p. 144, col. 1. ‘Of the canicular or dog-days’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors; bk. iv, ch. 13. L. _canicula_, dog-star (Horace).

=canion,= an ornamental roll laid in a set like sausages round the ends of the legs of breeches; ‘French hose . . . with _Canions_ annexed reaching down beneath their knees’, Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses (see Furnivall, 56). ‘_Chausses à queue de merlus_, round breeches with strait cannions’, Cotgrave. Span. _cañon_, a tube, pipe, gun-barrel.

=canker,= a caterpillar, a canker-worm. Mids. Night’s D. ii. 2. 3; Milton, Lycidas, 45. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Canker, sb.^{2} 6). ME. _cankyr_, ‘teredo’ (Prompt.).

=canker,= the dog-rose. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 176. Cp. the prov. words _canker-ball_, the mossy excrescence on a wild rose-bush, _canker-bell_, the bud of a wild rose, _canker-berry_, the ‘hip’ of a wild rose, _canker-rose_, ‘Rosa canina’, the wild rose (EDD).).

=cankered,= ill-tempered. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 3; King John, ii. 1. 194. In prov. use in Scotland and various parts of England (EDD.).

=cannakin,= a small can; ‘Let me the cannakin clinke’, Othello, ii. 3. 71.

=cannel:= _Cannel bone_; ‘The neck-bone or windpipe’, Phillips, Dict.; Golding, tr. Metam. 284; the collar-bone, Holland, Plutarch’s Mor. 409; spelt _canell_: _canell of the necke_ (?), the nape of the neck, Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 348. 10. Cp. _cannell-bone_ (Lancash.), and _channel-bone_ (Somerset) in prov. use for the collar-bone (EDD.). OF. (Picard) _canel_, a channel; F. _canneau du col_, ‘the nape of the neck’ (Cotgr.).

=canon-bitt,= a smooth round bit for horses. Spenser, F. Q. i. 7. 37; ‘_Canon_, a canon-bitt for a horse’, Cotgrave. O. Prov. _canon_, a tube (Levy).

=canstick,= a candlestick. 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 131. Still in use in Berks. (EDD.).

=cant,= a corner, a niche; ‘Irene or Peace, she was placed aloft in a cant’, B. Jonson, James I’s Entertainment (1603); Warner, Monuments of Honour (ed. Dyce, 369) See EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb.^{3} 1). Norm. F. _cant_, ‘angle’ (Moisy).

=cant,= a piece, portion. Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. iii. 45. A Kentish term, see EDD. (s.v. Cant, sb^{4} 2). Cp. M. Du. _kant_ (Verdam).

=canted,= tilted up, thrown up. Stanyhurst, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid, iii. 211. See EDD. (s.v. Cant, vb.^{3} 9 (1)). E. Fris. _kanten_, ‘etwas auf die Seite legen’ (Koolman).

=canter,= one who _cants_, a vagrant. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. Can.).

=cantharides,= a kind of flies; Spanish flies; sometimes Aphides. Drayton, Muses’ Elysium, Nymph, viii. 54. Used as a stimulant, Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, iv. 1 (Cleremont). L. _cantharides_, pl. of _cantharis_; Gk. κανθαρίς, blister-fly.

=canting out,= singing out, in a beggar’s whine; ‘’Tis easier _canting out_, “A piece of broken bread for a poor man”, than singing “Brooms, maids, brooms: come, buy my brooms”,’ The London Chanticleers, scene 1 (Heath).

=cantle,= a part, portion; ‘_Liron de pain_, a cantle of bread’, Cotgrave; ‘A cantel _pars, portio_’, Levins. Manipulus. ME. _cantel_, ‘minutal’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 324). OF. (Picard) _cantel_ = F. _chanteau_, ‘a corner-piece or piece broken off from the corner, hence, a cantel of bread’ (Cotgr.).

=cantle,= to portion out, Dekker, Whore of Babylon, i. 1. 9; Dryden, Juvenal’s Satire, vii.

=cantore,= counting-house, office; ‘A Dutchman’s money i’ th’ _Cantore_’, Butler, Abuse of human learning (Remains i. 211). Du. _kantoor_, F. _comptoir_, a counter.

=cantred,= a hundred; a district containing 100 townships. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 676, col. 1. Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, 398. Wel. _cantref_, a cantred; _cant_, a hundred + _tref_, a town. See Ducange (s.v. Cantredus).

=canvas:= phr. _to receive the canvas_, to get the sack; i.e. to be dismissed. Shirley, The Brothers, ii. 1 (Luys); _give the canvas_, to dismiss, Hyde Park, i. 1 (end).

=canvasado,= a night attack by soldiers. Merry Devil, i. 1. 44. App. a perverted form of =camisado,= q.v.; due to confusion with _canvass_, vb., to knock about, to assault (NED.).

=cap,= to arrest. Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the B. Pestle, iii. 2 (Host). From. L. _capias_, the name of a writ; _writ of capias_, a writ of arrest.

=cap a-huff, to set,= to cock one’s cap or hat, to put on a swaggering appearance. Greene, James IV, iv. 4. 13. See =huff-cap.=

=cap of maintenance,= a kind of hat or cap worn as a symbol of official dignity, or carried before a sovereign or a high dignitary in processions. In the 17th cent. and later it is mentioned chiefly as borne, together with the sword, before the Lord Mayor, and before the Sovereign at his coronation. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1; A Woman never vext, i. 1 (Stephen). See NED. (s.v. Maintenance).

=capadochio,= a prison. Puritan Widow, i. 3. 56; ‘in _Caperdochy_, i’ tha gaol’, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 72; spelt _Capperdochy_, id. p. 86. App. for _Cappadocia_ (a bit of university slang).

=cap-case,= a bandbox, cover, basket. Middleton, The Changeling, iii. 4 (De F.); a small travelling-bag, Gascoigne, Supposes, iv. 3 (Philogano).

=caper,= a privateer, cruiser. Otway, Cheats of Scapin, ii. 1 (Scapin). Du. _kaper_, a privateer (Sewel, ed. 1766).

=capilotade,= a kind of hash, or mixed dish; hence, a hash, a made-up story. ‘What a capilotade of a story’s here!’ Vanbrugh, The Confederacy, iii. 2 (Flippanta). F. _capilotade_, ‘a capilotadoe, or stued meat’, &c. (Cotgr.).

=capnomanster,= one who divines from the way in which smoke rises from an altar. For _capnomancer_, Birth of Merlin, iv. 1. 62. From _capnomancy_, divination by smoke. Gk. καπνομαντεία.

=capocchia,= a simpleton. In Tr. and Cr. iv. 2. 33. Fem. of Ital. _capocchio_, ‘a doult, a noddie’ (Florio).

=capot,= in the game of piquet, the winning of all the tricks by one player, which scores 40. Farquhar, Sir Harry Wildair, ii. 2 (Wildair); to win all the tricks at the game of piquet against another; ‘I have _capotted_ her’, id. i. 1 (Fireball). F. _faire capot_ (Dict. de l’Acad., ed. 1762).

=cappadocian.= In Dekker, Shoemaker’s Holiday, v. 1, Eyre, who had come to be Lord Mayor of London, says that he had promised ‘the mad _Cappadocians_’, who had been his fellow-apprentices, that he would feast them if he ever attained to that dignity. I think it is evidently a jocose expression for _mad-caps_, with a punning reference to the _cap_, i.e. the _flat-cap_, which was the special headgear of the London apprentice, and to which frequent references are made. Just below he varies it to ‘my fine dapper Assyrian lads’.

=caprich,= a freak, a whim, fancy, sudden giddy thought. Butler, Hadibras, ii. 1. 18; printed _capruch_, Shirley, Example, ii. 1 (Vainman). Ital. _capriccio_, ‘a sudden fear apprehended, making one’s hair to stand on end’ (Florio); lit. the bristling of the head (_capo_ + _riccio_); see note on ‘Caprice’, by A. L. Mayhew, in Mod. Lang. Rev., July, 1912.

=capricious,= witty. As You Like It, iii. 3. 8; Heywood, The Fair Maid, iii. 2 (Roughman).

=capte,= capacity. Only in Udall: tr. of Apoph., Preface, p. vi (1877); fol. 23, back (1542); id. Cicero, § 45.

=capuccio,= a hood. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 10. Ital. _capuccio_, a cowl.

=carabin=(=e, carbine,= a mounted musketeer. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1 (Merchant). F. _carabin_, ‘cavalier qui porte une carabine’ (Dict. de l’Acad.).

=caract,= worth, value. B. Jonson, Ev. Man in Hum., iii. 3. 23 (Kitely); Volpone, i. 1 (Corvino); Magnetic Lady, i. 1 (Compass).

=caract, carect,= a mark, sign, character. Meas. for M. v. 1. 56; _holy Carects_, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Golding, De Mornay, iii. 37. ME. _carect_ (Wyclif, Apoc. xx. 4). Prov. _caracta_, ‘marque, caractère’ (Levy). Norm. F. _caractes_, pl. caractères magiques (Moisy). L. _caracter_ (Vulg., Apoc. xx. 4), Gk. χαρακτήρ.

=caravan= (Cant), an object inviting plunder; hence, a dupe, one easily cheated. Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1; iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=caravel, carvel,= a kind of light ship. Eden, Three Books on America (ed. Arber, p. 45). Spelt _carvel_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, i. 2. 15. F. _caravelle_, Ital. _caravella_, Port. _caravéla_.

=carbonado,= a piece of flesh scored across and grilled upon coals. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, iv. 4. 47; Coriolanus, iv. 5. 199; Lyly, Sapho, ii. 3. 175; to make a ‘carbonado’ of, King Lear, ii. 2. 42. Span. _carbonada_, ‘a carbonado on the coles’ (Minsheu).

=carcanet,= a collar or necklace of jewels. Com. Errors, iii. 1. 4; ‘Captain jewels in the carcanet’, Sonnet 52. 8. Cp. F. _carcan_, ‘une espèce de chaîne ou de collier de pierreries’ (Dict. de l’Acad., 1762).

=card,= a chart; esp. the circular card on which the points of the compass were marked. Macbeth, i. 3. 17; Fletcher, Loyal Subject, iii. 2 (Archas). _To speak by the card_, i.e. with the precision shown by such a card, Hamlet, v. 1. 149. ‘Climes that took up the greatest part o’ th’ card’, i.e. of the map, Heywood, If you know not me (Medina), vol. i. p. 334.

=card,= to play at cards. Latimer, Sermon on the Ploughers, ed. Arber, p. 25. _To card a rest_, to set up a rest, at the game of primero (see =rest=), Heywood, The Royal King, vol. vi, p. 32.

=cardecu,= an old silver coin, a quarter of a crown. All’s Well, iv. 3. 314; v. 2. 35. F. _quart d’écu_.

=carduus benedictus,= the Blessed Thistle, noted for its medicinal properties. Much Ado, iii. 4. 72; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 2 (Galatea). See Sin. Barth. 14.

=care:= phr. _to take care for_, to give attention to. BIBLE, 2 Kings xxii, and Esther vi (contents).

=carect, carrect,= a carrack, a ship of burden. ‘Carects or hulks’, North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 36 (in Shak. Plut., p. 213, n. 3); _carrects_, pl., Com. Errors, iii. 2. 140. Med. L. _carraca_, see Ducange, and Dozy, Glossaire (s.v. Caraca).

=careful,= anxious, solicitous. Titus And. iv. 4. 84; Milton, P. L. iv. 983; BIBLE, Dan. iii. 16. ME. _careful_, full of care, sorrowful (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1565).

=carfe,= an incision, cut. Golding, Metam. viii. 762; fol. 104, bk. (1603) ‘Carf’ is in prov. use for the incision or notch made by a saw or axe in felling timber (EDD.).

=cargazon,= a cargo; ‘A cargazon of complements’, Howell, Foreign Travell, sect. xv, p. 67. Also, a list of goods shipped; Hakluyt, vol. ii, pt. 1, p. 217. Span. _cargazon_, cargo.

=cargo,= used as an exclamation. Wilkins, Miseries of inforst Marriage, iv (Butler); Tomkis, Epil. to Albumazar. In both cases the context refers to great riches.

=cark=(=e,= anxiety, grief. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 44; Massinger, Roman Actor, ii. 1 (Paris); ‘_Esmoy_, cark, care, thought, sorrow, heaviness’, Cotgrave; Levins, Manipulus. In prov. use in the north country; gen. in phr. _cark and care_ (EDD.). ME. _cark_(_e_, anxiety (Gamelyn, 760). Anglo-F. _cark_ (_kark_), charge, load (Rough List). The Norman and Picard form of Central F. _charge_. See Dict. _Cark_(_e_, to be anxious; ‘I carke, I care, I take thought’, Palsgrave; Tusser, Husbandry, § 113. 15; Robinson, tr. More’s Utopia, 107.

=carl,= a countryman, a churl. Cymb. v. 2. 4; Spenser, F. Q. i. 9. 54. Icel. _karl_, a man, also, one of the common folk; opposed to _jarl_, as OE. _ceorl_ to _eorl_.

=carl,= to act as a carl or churl, to snarl. Return from Parnassus, last scene (Furor). The verb is given as a north Yorksh. word in EDD. (s.v. Carl, sb.^{1} 3).

=carlot,= a peasant. As You Like It, iii. 5. 108.

=carnadine,= a carnation-coloured stuff. Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 2. 4. Ital. _carnadino_, a flesh-colour (Florio); _carne_, flesh.

=carnifex,= a hangman; hence, a scoundrel. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 4 (Capt. Albo). L. _carnifex_, an executioner.

=caroche,= a luxurious kind of carriage. Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 6); Duchess of Malfi, iv. 2; Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Leonora). F. _carroche_ (Cotgr.). Ital. _carroccio_, a carriage, a ‘caroche’.

=carosse,= a carriage. Chapman, Byron’s Tragedy, v. i (D’Escures). F. _carosse_ (Cotgr.); Med. F. _carrosse_.

†=carpell.= Peele, Edw. I, ed. Dyce, p. 401, col. 1. Sense unknown.

=carpet,= a table-cloth, a table-cover. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, iv. 2 (Truewit); Staple of News, i. 2. 2; ‘a carpet to cover the table’, Heywood, A Woman killed, iii. 2 (Jenkin); ‘carpets for their tables’, Heylin, Hist. of the Reformation, To the Reader. It was in this sense that a matter was said to be ‘on the carpet’ (i.e. of the council-table). See Trench, Select Glossary.

=carpet-knight,= a contemptuous term for a knight whose achievements belong rather to the carpet (the lady’s boudoir) than to the field of battle; ‘_Mignon de couchette_, a Carpet-knight, one that ever loves to be in women’s chambers’, Cotgrave; Fletcher, Fair Maid of the Inn, i. 1 (Alberto). There was once an order of Knights of the Carpet, so called to distinguish them from knights that are dubbed for service in the field. See NED.

=carriage,= that which is carried, baggage. BIBLE, 1 Sam. xvii. 22; Acts xxi. 15; ‘Carriages of an army are termed _impedimenta_’, Fuller, Worthies of England, Norfolk; manner of carrying one’s body, bodily deportment, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 472; demeanour, behaviour, Com. Errors, iii. 2. 14; moral conduct, Timon, iii. 2. 89; Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Sanchio); Island Princess, ii. 6. 12.

=carricado,= a movement in fencing. Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler); Marston, Scourge of Villainy, Sat. xi. 57. See NED. (s.v. Caricado).

=carvel;= see =caravel=.

=carwitchet, carwhitchet,= a pun, quibble, conundrum. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, v. 1 (Leath.); Shirley, Bird in a Cage, ii. 1 (Morello). See NED. (s.v. Carriwitchet), and Nares (s.v. Carwhichet).

=case,= a pair; ‘This case of rapiers’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, ii. 2 (description of _Wrath_); ‘A case (pair) of matrons’, B. Jonson, Case is altered, ii. 3. 1; ‘a case of pistols’, Shirley, The Traitor, iii. 1 (Rogers); ‘two case of jewels’, Webster, White Devil (ed. Dyce, p. 46).

=case,= to skin. All’s Well, iii. 6. 111; ‘A cased rabbit’, Dryden, Span. Friar, v. 2 (Gomez); Vanbrugh, Provok’d Wife, iv. 1 (Taylor). Still in use in the north and the W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Case, sb.^{1} 6).

=casible,= a chasuble. Middleton, A Game at Chess, i. 1 (Blk. Knt.’s Pawn). Med. Lat. _casibula_ (Ducange, s.v. Casula).

=caskanet,= a word common in the 17th cent., used sometimes in the sense of a necklace set with jewels (or _carcanet_), sometimes in the sense of a _casket_. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (Jolenta); Lingua, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, ix. 426. See NED.

=cass,= to cashier, dismiss; ‘_Malandrin_, a cassed soldier’, Cotgrave. The pp. was confused with _cast_, and so spelt. ‘Pontius, you are cast’, Beaumont and Fl., Valentinian, ii. 3 (Aëcius). F. _casser_, ‘to break, to casse, casseere, discharge, turn out of service’ (Cotgr.). Prov. _casar_, ‘casser, briser’ (Levy).

=cassan, casson,= cheese. (Cant.) Harman, Caveat, p. 83. _Casson_, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Cp. Du. _kaas_, a cheese.

=cassock,= a soldier’s cloak or long coat. All’s Well, iv. 3. 191; B. Jonson, Every Man, ii (near the end). The military use is the original; so F. _casaque_, Span. and Port. _casaca_, and Ital. _casacca_. Cp. MHG. _casagân_, a horseman’s coat (Schade). Probably of Persian origin (through the Arabic), see NED.

=cast,= for _cassed_; see =cass.=

=caster,= one who casts dice, in gaming. The _setter_ is one who _sets_, or proposes, the amount of the stake against him. If the setter wants to propose a very high stake, he says—_ware the caster!_ i.e. let him beware. The caster usually says _at all!_ i.e. I cast against all setters; but he may limit the amount of the stake. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 2 (Tradewell).

=caster,= a cant term for a cloak. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 82.

=casting,= anything given to a hawk to cleanse and purge her gorge. Massinger, Picture, iv. 1 (Ubaldo).

=casting-bottle,= a bottle for sprinkling perfumes. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, i. 1 (Cupid); Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, v. 1 (Livia). So also _casting-glass_, B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iv. 4 (Macilente).

=castrel,= a kestrel, a base kind of hawk. Fletcher, The Pilgrim, i. 1 (Alphonso); Ford, Lady’s Trial, iv. 2 (Futelli). F. _cercerelle_, a kestrel (Cotgr.).

=cat,= in military phrase; a lofty work used in fortifications and sieges. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Canter); Shirley, Honoria, i. 2. This military work was also called a =cavalier,= q.v. See NED. (s.v. Cat, sb.^{1} 6 b).

=Cataian,= a _Cathaian_, an inhabitant of Cathay; hence a thief, a scoundrel; because the Chinese were thought to be clever thieves, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 148; Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See Nares.

=cataphract,= a horse-soldier, protected (as well as his horse) with a coat-of-mail. Milton, Samson, 1619. Gk. κατάφρακτος, one completely protected.

=catasta,= a jocose term for the stocks. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 1. 259. L. _catasta_, a stage on which slaves were exposed for sale; Med. L. _catasta_, an engine of torture (Ducange).

=catastrophe,= conclusion; (humorously) the posteriors. L. L. L. iv. 1. 77; (2) 2 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 66; Merry Devil, ii. 1. 10.

†=Catazaner,= only in Shirley, Ball, v. 1 (Freshwater). Perhaps a misprint for _Catayaner_ = =Cataian,= q.v.

=cater,= a caterer, purveyor, buyer of provisions. Massinger, City Madam, ii. 1 (Luke); Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 26. ME. _catour_ (Gamelyn, 321), for Anglo-F. _acatour_, a buyer. See Dict.

=cater-tray,= lit. ‘four-three’; alluding to the four and three on opposite faces of a die. Hence _stop-cater-tray_, the name of a false or loaded die. Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iv. 1 (Dique). See =quatre.=

=Catherine pear,= a small and early variety of pear. Suckling, Ballad on Wedding. _Catherine-pear-coloured_, of a light red colour, used of a lady’s complexion, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (Birdlime). [Cp. Crabbe, Tales of the Hall, ‘’Twas not the lighter red, that partly streaks The Catherine pear that brighten’d o’er her cheeks’ (x. 599).]

=catlings,= catgut strings for a violin. Tr. and Cr. iii. 3. 306.

=catso,= a rogue, a scamp. B. Jonson, Every Man out of Humour, ii. 1 (Carlo); also as interj., ‘Cat-so! let us drink’, Motteux, Rabelais, v. 8 (NED.). Ital. _cazzo_, an interjection of admiration, as some women cry suddenly (Florio); _cazzo_, ‘membrum virile’.

=catstick,= a stick or bat used in playing tip-cat or trap-ball. Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 2 (Page); Middleton, Women beware Women, i. 2 (Ward).

=catzerie,= roguery. Only in Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5. 12.

=cauled,= having or adorned with a caul or close-fitting cap; ‘My cauled countenance’, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 327. ME., P. Plowman, C. xvii. 351.

=causen,= to give reasons. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 9. 26. Med. L. _causare_. (Ducange).

=cautel=(=e,= wariness, caution. Elyot, Governour, i. 4; a crafty device, trickery, Hamlet, i. 3. 15. OF. _cautele_, L. _cautela_ (in Roman Law) precaution. Anglo-F. _cautele_, deceit (Rough List).

=cautelous,= cautious, wary. B. Jonson, Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Wit.); Spenser, View of Ireland (Globe ed. 619); crafty, wily, Coriolanus, iv. 1. 33.

=cavalier=(=o.= Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, ii. 4. 83; iii. 2. 81. Span. _cavalléro_, ‘in Fortification, a Cavalier, or Mount, which is an Elevation of Earth with a platform for Canon on it, to overlook other Works’ (Stevens, 1706); cp. Ital. _cavagliére a cavállo_ (Florio). F. _cavalier_, ‘se dit d’une pièce de fortification de terre fort élevée, & où l’on met du canon’ (Dict. de l’Acad., ed. 1762).

=cavallerie,= an order of chivalry; ‘The knighthood and cavallerie of Rome’, Holland, Pliny, ii. 460; the collective name for horse-soldiers, Bacon, Hen. VII, 74; Massinger, Maid of Honour, ii. 3 (Gonzaga). F. _cavallerie_, ‘horsemanship; horsemen’ (Cotgr.).

=cavell,= a mean fellow. Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2217; Lyndesay, Satyre, 2863. See Jamieson.

=caveson,= a strong nose-piece for a horse, a kind of curb; ‘The Lithuanians, sir, . . . must Be rid with _cavesons_’, Sir J. Suckling, Brennoralt, iii. 1; ed. Hazlitt, vol. ii, p. 104. F. _caveçon_, ‘a cavechine or cavasson for a horse’s nose’ (Cotgr.). Ital. _cavezzone_, augmentative of _cavezza_ a halter; Med. L. _capitia_, _capitium_, a head-covering (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. _cavesson_).

=cazimi, cazini:= in phr. _in cazimi_, ‘a Planet is in the heart of the Sunne, or in Cazimi, when he is not removed from him 17 minutes’, Lilly, Astrology, xix. 113; ‘In cazini of the sun’, Massinger, City Madam, ii. 2 (Stargaze); Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 5. 6; Selden’s notes to Drayton, Pol. xiv (near the end).

=cecchin,= a sequin, gold coin. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, iv. 2. Ital. _zecchino_, ‘a coin of gold current in Venice’ (Florio). See =chequin.=

=cedule,= a slip or scroll of parchment or paper containing writing. Caxton, Golden Legend, 114; spelt _cedle_, Morte Arthur, leaf 421, back, 5, bk. xxi, ch. 2; spelt _sedyl_ (same page). OF. _cedule_; Med. Lat. _cedula_, _scedula_ (Ducange), dimin. of _sceda_, _scheda_. See NED. (s.v. Schedule).

=cee,= a small portion of beer; marked in the buttery-book of a college with the letter _c_, which denoted one-sixteenth of a penny, or half a _cue_, as being its price. ‘Eate _cues_, drunk _cees_’, 1 Part of Jeronimo, ii. 3. 9; see Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 367. ‘_Cues_ and _cees_’, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 16, ed. Arber, p. 38. See =cue.=

=cellar,= a case or stand for holding bottles. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, iii. 1 (last line).

=cemitare,= a ‘scimitar’. Spenser, F. Q. v. 5. 3. F. _cimeterre_ (Cotgr.), Span. _cimitarra_.

=censure,= judgement, opinion, Richard III, ii. 2. 144; to form or give an opinion, to estimate, ‘How you are censured here in the city’, Coriolanus, ii. 1. 25.

=cent,= a game at cards; also spelt _saint_, _sant_; it seems to have resembled piquet. Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One; Triumph of Death, sc. 5 (Gentille); Shirley, Example, iii. 1 (Confident). So called, because 100 was ‘game’. See Nares.

=centener,= a centurion. North, tr. of Plutarch, Octavius, § 4 (Shak. Plut., p. 237, n. 2); _centiner_, id. § 3 (p. 235, n. 2). F. _centenier_ (Cotgr.), L. _centenarius_, consisting of a hundred; = centurio (Vegetius, fl. A.D. 385).

=cento,= a patched garment; ‘His apparel is a cento’, Shirley, Willy Fair, ii. 2; used _fig._, ‘There is under these centoes and miserable outsides . . . a soule of the same alloy with our owne’, Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. 2, § 13. L. _cento_, a garment of patchwork.

=centre,= the centre of the earth, which was supposed to be also the fixed centre of the universe; ‘The firm centre’, Webster, Appius, i. 3 (Mar. Claudius).

=centrinel, centronel,= a sentinel. Young, Diana, 120 (NED.); Marlowe, Dido, ii. 1. 323 (Venus).

=cerastes,= a horned snake. Milton, P. L. x. 525. Gk. κεράστης.

=ceration,= a reducing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). L. _cera_, wax.

=cere,= to cover with wax, to shroud in a cere-cloth; ‘Then was the bodye . . . embawmed and cered’, Hall, Hen. VIII, ann. 5. L. _cerare_, to wax; _cera_, wax.

=cere-cloth,= the linen cloth dipped in melted wax to be used as a shroud. Merch. Ven. ii. 7. 51; cp. _cerements_, Hamlet, i. 4. 48. See =sear-cloth.=

=certes,= certainly. Temp. iii. 3. 30; Com. Errors, iv. 4. 77. F. _certes_, truly (Cotgr.), O. Prov. _certas_ (Levy).

=cestron,= a ‘cistern’. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 52.

=cetywall,= see =setwall.=

=ch,= a form of _ich_, _utch_, southern form of the first personal pronoun _I. Cha_, I have, More, Heresyes, iv (Works, 278); _chad_, I had, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 3; _cham_, I am, Peele, Sir Clyom., Works, iii. 85; B. Jonson, Tale of Tub, i. 1; _chave_, I have, Peele, Arr. Paris, i. 1 (Pan); _chee_ (for _ich_), I, London Prodigal, ii. 168; _I chid_, I should, ii. 1. 20; _chill_, I will, King Lear, iv. 6. 239; _chud_, I would, ib. See NED. and EDD.

=chacon,= a slow Spanish dance, or its tune; ‘_Chacon_: Two Nymphs and Triton sing’, Dryden, Albion, Act ii (end). F. _chaconne_ (Hatzfeld); Span. _chacona_ (Neuman and B.).

†=chaflet,= (?) a small platform or stage; ‘He satte vpon a _chaflet_ in a chayer’ [chair], Morte Arthur, leaf 422, back, 2, bk. xxi, c. 3. Only in this passage. Probably the same as OF. _chafault_, a temporary platform. See NED. (s.v. Catafalque), and Dict. (s.v. Scaffold).

=chaldrons,= entrails of a calf, &c. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I. iii. 1 (Fustigo). Spelt _chawdron_, Macbeth, iv. 1. 33. Cp. dialect forms, _chauldron_, Hertford, _chaudron_, Gloucester, _chawdon_, Leicester, see EDD. (s.v. Chawdon). OF. _chaudun_, tripes (Roquefort); cp. G. _kaldaunen_.

=challes,= jaws. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 75; _chall-bones_, jaw-bones; id. § 86. In common prov. use in England as far south as Bedford, see EDD. (s.v. Chawl). ME. _chaul_ (Wyclif, 1 Kings xvii. 35); OE. _ceafl_.

=cham,= khan. The _Great Cham_, the Great Khan; commonly applied to the ruler of the Mongols and Tartars, and to the Emperor of China. Much Ado, ii. 1. 277; Fletcher, The Chances, v. 3 (Don John). Turki _khān_, lord, prince. See NED. (s.v. Cham, Khan).

=chamber,= a small cannon used to fire salutes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 57; Massinger, Renegado, v. 8. See NED. (s.v. Chamber. 10 b).

=chambering,= wanton behaviour in private places. BIBLE, Romans xiii. 13; Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, ii. 4 (Citizen). Cp. _chamberer_, one of wanton habits, Othello, iii. 3. 265.

=chamber-lie,= see =lye.=

=chamelot,= a name originally applied to some beautiful and costly eastern fabric, camlet. _Water Chamelot_, camlet with a wavy or watered surface. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 11. 45; Holland, Pliny, i. 228; Bacon, New Atlantis (ed. 1650, p. 3). OF. _chamelot_ (Littré).

=chamfered,= furrowed, wrinkled. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 23. OF. _chanfraindre_, to chamfer, to furrow, also, to bevel an edge. Possibly for _chant-fraindre_, which may = Med. L. _cantum frangere_, to break the edge or side.

=champian, champion,= the champaign, level open country, BIBLE, Deut. xi. 30; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xii. 29; Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 173; Gosson, School of Abuse, 29.

=chandry, chandrie,= short for _chandlery_, the place where candles were kept in a household; ‘Six torches from the chandry’, B. Jonson, Masque of Augurs (Notch). OF. _chandel_(_l_)_erie_.

=changeling,= a half-witted person. In Middleton’s play ‘The Changeling’, the reference is to Antonio, who enters ‘disguised as an idiot’, A. i, sc. 2. _To play the changeling_, to play the fool, Middleton, Anything for a Quiet Life, ii. 1 (Mis. Knavesby). See EDD. (s.v. Change. 8).

=chank,= to champ, to eat noisily. Golding, Metam. viii. 292 (fol. 97), viii. 825 (fol. 105, back).

=channel,= the neck. Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, 1. 3 (Calyphus). See =cannel.=

=channel-bone,= the collar-bone, clavicle. Chapman, Iliad, xvii. 266; Holinshed, Chron. iii. 805; Kyd, Soliman, i. 4. 55. See =cannel.=

=chapine,= a high-heeled shoe. Massinger, Renegado, i. 2 (Donusa); Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, iii. 5 (last Song). See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). Span. _chapin_, a woman’s high cork shoes (Minsheu). See =choppine.=

=char, chare,= car, chariot. Surrey, A Complaint by Night, 4; Sackville, Induction, st. 7. F. _char_, a chariot (Cotgr.).

=character,= handwriting. Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 6. 6; Meas. for M. iv. 2. 208. F. _caractere_, a form of writing (Cotgr.).

=chare,= chary, careful. Golding, tr. Ovid, Met. xiv. 336 (ed. 1593); dear, Golding, Calvin on Deut. xxiii. 134.

=chare, charre,= a turn of work, an odd job or business. Ant. and Cl. iv. 15. 75; _Chare_, to do a turn of work, esp. in phr. (_This_) _char_(_re is char’d_, this bit of business is done, Sir Thos. More, iii. 1. 118; Marriage of Wit and Science, in Hazlitt’s Old Plays, ii. 375; Peele, Edward I (ed. Dyce 392); ‘Here’s two chewres chewred’, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, iii. 2 (Bobadilla). See EDD. (s.v. Chare, sb.^{1}). OE. _cerr_, a turn, ‘temporis spatium’ (B. T.).

=charet=(=t,= a car, chariot. Spenser, F. Q. i. 5. 32; BIBLE, Exod. xiv. 6; 2 Kings ix. 16; _charettes_, carts, _Gascoigne_, Supposes, ii. 1 (Erostrato). F. _charette_, a chariot (Cotgr.).

=charm,= the blended sound of harmonious notes, as of music, children’s voices or song-birds. Milton, P. L. iv. 642; Peele, Arr. of Paris, i. 1 (Pomona); Bunyan, The Holy War (Temple ed., 293); Udall, Erasmus (ed. 1548, Luke ii, fol. xxxii a); _charme_, to make a melodious sound, Spenser, F. Q. v. 9. 13. ‘Charm’ is in gen. prov. use in the midland and southern counties in the sense of a confused murmuring sound of many voices, of birds, bees, &c.; see EDD. (s.v. Charm, sb.^{1}). See =chirm.=

=charm,= to control, to silence, as if by a strong charm. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, v. 1 (Russell). Also, to induce to speak, as by a charm, Ford, Lover’s Melancholy, ii. 1 (Rhetias).

=charneco, charnico,= a species of sweet wine. From a village so called near Lisbon (Steevens). 2 Hen. VI, ii. 3. 63; _Charnico_, Puritan Widow, iv. 3. 89; Heywood, Maid of West, iii (Wks. ed. 1874, ii. 301). See Stanford.

=chartel,= a ‘cartel’, a written challenge. B. Jonson, i. 5 (or 4): Bobadil. Span. _cartel_, Ital. _cartello_, dimin. of _carta_, paper, letter.

=chase,= a hunting-ground. Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 137; Titus, ii. 3. 255; ‘The chase alwaie open and nothing at all inclosed’, Harrison, Desc. England, ii. 19 (ed. Furnivall, 310). Anglo-F. _chace_, a hunting-ground, a chase (Rough List).

=chatillionte,= delightful, amusing. Farquhar, Sir H. Wildair, iv. 2 (Lurewell). F. _chatouillant_, pr. pt. of _chatouiller_, to tickle, to provoke with delight (Cotgr.).

=chauf,= to chafe, heat, vex. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 18, § 2; _chauffed_, Spenser, F. Q. i. 3. 33. OF. _chaufer_ (F. _chauffer_), to warm.

=chave,= for _ich have_, I have. Peele, Araygnement of Paris, i. 1 (Pan). See =ch.=

=chawne,= a gap, fissure. Holland, Pliny, i. 37; to gape open, id. i. 435; to cause to gape open, to rive asunder, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 1 (Andrugio); ‘_Crevasser_, to chop, chawn . . . rive’, Cotgrave. ‘Chawn’ is in prov. use in the Midlands for a crack in the ground caused by dry weather, see EDD. (s.v. Chaum). See =choane.=

=cheasell,= gravel. Turbervile, Epitaph II. on Master Win, st. 5. Cp. the Chesil Bank (Portland), Chiselhurst, Kent. ME. _chisel_ or gravel, ‘arena, sabulum’ (Prompt. EETS. 82), OE. _ceosel_, _cysel_, gravel.

=cheat,= wheaten bread of the second quality. Chapman, Batrachom., 3; Drayton, Polyolb. xvi, p. 959; _cheat bread_, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Chough); Eastward Hoe, v. 1 (Mrs. T.); _cheat loaf_, B. Jonson, Masque of Augurs, vol. vi, p. 123; Corbet, Poetica Stromata (Nares). Bread of the first quality was called _manchet_. See NED. (s.v. Cheat, sb.^{2}).

=cheat= (Thieves’ Cant), used in general sense ‘thing’, gen. preceded by some descriptive word. _The Cheate_ (= _treyning cheate_), the gallows, Winter’s Tale, iv. 3. 28; _cackling-cheate_, the domestic fowl, Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, v. 1 (Prigg); _grunting cheate_, a pig (id.); _belly-cheat_, an apron, id. ii. 1 (Higgen). See NED. (s.v. Cheat, sb.^{1} 3). See =backcheat.=

=cheator,= a cheat. Esp. used of one who lived by cheating at dice; Marston, What you Will, v. 1 (Quadratus).

=check= (in Hawking), a false stoop, when a hawk forsakes her proper game, and pursues rooks, doves, &c. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Maria); _to fly at check_, Dryden, Ann. Mirab. st. 86; _check_, base game, rooks, &c, Drayton, Pol. xx. 217; Turbervile, Falconrie, 110.

=checked,= chequered, variegated. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 12. 18; Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 83; spelt _chequed_, ‘The chequed, and purple-ringed daffodillies’, B. Jonson, Pan’s Anniversary (Shepherd).

=checker-approved,= approved by one who checks, a controller. Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). See NED. (s.v. Checker, sb.^{1} 1).

=checklaton,= a cloth of rich material; ‘A Jacket, quilted richly rare Upon checklaton’, Spenser, F. Q. vi. 7. 43. OF. _chiclaton_, also _ciclaton_ (Godefroy). The ME. form was _ciclatun_ (_syklatoun_); see Juliana, 8, and Chaucer, C. T. B. 1924. See NED. (s.v. Ciclatoun).

=chedreux,= a kind of perruque. Etheredge, Man of Mode, iii. 2 (Sir Fopling); Oldham, tr. of Juvenal, Sat. iii. 191. From the maker’s name. Also Shaddrew (NED.).

=chequin,= an Italian gold coin, a ‘sequin’. Pericles, iv. 2. 28 (_chickeens_ in ed. 1608); B. Jonson, Volpone, i (last speech but 8 of Volpone). See Dict. (s.v. Sequin), and Stanford. See =cecchin.=

=cherry,= to cherish, cheer, delight. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 10. 22. F. _chérir_, to hold dear.

=cherry-pit,= a children’s game, in which cherry-stones were thrown into a pit or small hole. Twelfth Nt. iii. 4. 129; Witch of Edmonton, iii. 1 (Cuddy).

=cheve,= to bring to an end, to finish; ‘I cheve, I bring to an ende, _Je aschieve_’, Palsgrave. OF. _chever_, to finish (NED.).

=cheve, chive,= to befall, happen to. Phr. _foul cheeve him_, ill befall him, Sir A. Cockain, Obstinate Lady, iii. 2; _foul chive him_, Beaumont and Fl., Knight of the Burning Pestle, i. 3 (Mrs. Merry Thought).

=cheveril,= kid-leather; used allusively as a type of pliability. Twelfth Nt. iii. i. 13; B. Jonson, Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). ME. _cheverel_, ‘ledyr’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. _cheveril_ (Rough List), deriv. of OF. _chevre_, a goat.

=chevin, cheven,= the chub. Book of St. Albans, fol. F 7, back; Drayton, Pol. xxvi. 244; ‘_Chevesne_, a chevin’, Cotgrave. ‘Cheven’ is a Yorks. word for the chub (EDD.). OF. _chevesne_; see Hatzfeld (s.v. Chevanne).

=chevisaunce,= merchandise, gain (in a bad sense). Coverdale, Deut. xxi. 14. ME. _chevisaunce_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1519). OF. _chevissance_, ‘pactum, transactio, conventio’. Med. L. _chevisantia_ (Ducange).

=chevisaunce= (as used by Spenser and his imitators), enterprise, achievement, expedition on horseback, chivalry, F. Q. ii. 9. 8.

=che vor:= in phr. _che vor ye_. The meaning seems to be ‘I warrant you’, King Lear, iv. 6. 246, but the relationship or etymology of the word _vor_ has not yet been discovered; nothing like it is known to exist in prov. use. _Che vore ’un_, (?) I warrant him, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). _Cha vore thee_ is found in The Contention between Liberality and Prodigality, ii. 3 (Tenacity), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 345, ‘What will you give me? Cha vore thee, son . . . Chill give thee a vair piece of three half-pence’. (Here, _cha vore thee_ may be West dialect for ‘I have for thee.’)

=chewet, chewit,= a chough, _fig._ a chatterer. 1 Hen. IV, v. 1. 29. F. _chouette_, a chough, jackdaw (Cotgr.).

=chewet,= a dish of meat or fish, chopped fine and mixed with spices and fruits. Middleton, The Witch, ii. 1 (Francisca).

=chewre,= a turn of work; see =chare.=

=Cheyney;= see =Philip.=

=chiarlatan,= a mountebank or Cheap Jack who descants volubly to a _crowd_. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 971; _ciarlitani_, pl., B. Jonson, Volpone, ii. 1 (Volpone, Speech, 3). Ital. _ciarlatano_, a babbler, mountebank, fr. _ciarlare_, to babble; whence F. _charlatan_, ‘a pratling quack-salver’ (Cotgr.).

=chiaus=(=e,= a Turkish messenger, sergeant, or lictor. Massinger, Renegado, iii. 4; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 2. 25. Turkish _chāush_.

=chiause, chouse,= one easily cheated, a dupe, gull. Newcastle, The Variety, in Dramatis Personae (‘A country Chiause’). [Cp. Johnson’s Dict., A _chouse_, a man fit to be cheated.]

=chiause, chowse,= _v._, to chouse, to cheat. ‘Chiaus’d by a scholar!’, Shirley, Honoria, ii. 3 (Conquest); ‘And sows of sucking-pigs are _chowsed_’, Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 114, also l. 1010.

=chibbal,= a young onion with the green stalk attached, Fletcher, Bonduca, i. 2 (Petillius); _chibal_, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (2 Gipsy). ‘Chibbal’ (‘chibble’) is in gen. prov. use in the Midlands and south-west country, see EDD. (s.v. Chibbole). ME. _chibolle_ (P. Plowman, B. vi. 296). OF. (Picard) _chibole_ (F. _ciboule_); L. _cepulla_, dimin. of _cepa_, onion.

=chibrit,= sulphur. B. Jonson, Alchem., ii. 1 (Surly). Also spelt _kibrit_ (NED.). Arab. _kibrīt_, sulphur; cp. Heb. _gophrīth_, Aramaic, _kubrīth_.

=chiches,= chick-peas. B. Jonson, tr. of Horace, Art of Poetry (L. _ciceris_, l. 249); spelt _chittes_, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helthe, iv. 10; Udall, Apoph., Diogenes, 47. F. _chiches_, ‘sheeps-cich-peason, chiches’ (Cotgr.); OF. _chiche_ (Roman. Rose, 6911).

=chiefrie,= the payment of rent or dues to an Irish chief. Spenser, View of Ireland (Globe ed., p. 663).

=chievance,= raising of money. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 64). F. ‘_chevance_, wealth, substance, riches’ (Cotgr.).

=child:= phr. _to be with child_, used _fig._, to be full of expectation. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 3 (King); also, to long after, desire vehemently, id., Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Viola).

=Child Rowland,= a young knight; with reference to a scrap of an old ballad. King Lear, iii. 4. 187; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1. 16.

=chilis,= a large vein. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 2. 4 (where it is equated to _vena cava_). Dyce’s note says—‘Out of the gibbosyte . . . of the liuer there issueth a veyne called _concava_ or _chilis_’, Traheron, Vigo’s Workes of Chirurgerie, 1571, fol. ix. Gk. φλὲψ κοίλη, _vena cava_.

=chill;= as in _I chill_, for _Ich ’ill_, I will. ‘Tell you I _chyll_’, Skelton, El. Rummyng, 1. See =ch.=

=china-house,= a china-shop. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 2 (Subtle).

=chinchard,= a niggard, miser. Spelt _chyncherde_, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 2517. ME. _chinche_, a niggard (Chaucer, C. T. B. 2793); Norm. F. _chinche_, ‘mesquin avare’ (Moisy).

=chinclout,= a muffler covering the lower part of the face. Middleton, A Mad World, iii. 3 (Follywit). Cp. _muffler_ in Merry Wives, iv. 2. 73.

=chine,= to divide or break the back of. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 6. 13. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3. 6; ‘_Eschiner_ (_échiner_), to chine, to break the back of’, Cotgrave. In everyday use in Suffolk (EDD.).

=chink,= a bed-bug. Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1 (Hostess). Also spelt _chinch_. Span. _chinche_, a bug; L. _cimex_.

=chink,= a piece of money. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 503.

=chire,= a slender blade of grass, a sprout. Spelt _chyer_, Drayton, Harmony, Song Solomon, ch. ii, l. 3. ME. _chire_, ‘genimen’ (Cath. Angl.).

=chirm,= a confused noise, the mingled din or noise of many birds or voices. Spelt _chyrme_, Mirror for Mag., Glocester, st. 5; _churm_, Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 170). See =charm.=

=chirr,= to chirp like a grasshopper; ‘The chirring grasshopper’, Herrick, Oberon’s Feast, 16.

=chitterling,= a frill, ruff; esp. the frill down the breast of a shirt. Like Will to Like, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iii. 310; Gascoigne, Delic Diet Droonkardes (NED.). For examples of prov. use see EDD. (s.v. 4).

=chitterlings,= the smaller intestines of the pig, &c., esp. when fried or boiled. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, iii. 1 (Fustigo); Butler, Hudibras, i. 2. 120. In prov. use in various parts of England (EDD.).

=chitty-face,= one who has a thin pinched face; used as a term of contempt; ‘You half-fac’d groat, you thin-cheek’d chitty-face’, Munday, Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, v. 1 (Jailer), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 188; Massinger, Virgin Martyr, i. 2 (Spungius); ‘Chittiface, _puellulus_, _improbulus_’, Coles, Dict. (1679); ‘A chittiface, proprie est facies parva et exigua’, Minsheu, Ductor (1617). OF. _chiche-face_ (_chiche-fache_), lean face (Godefroy). The word occurs in Rabelais, i. 183 (ed. Jaunet). From this word comes the perverted form _chichevache_ (Chaucer, C. T. E. 1188), the name of a fabulous monster said to feed on patient wives.

=chival,= a horse; ‘Upon the captive chivals’ (in captivis equis), Turbervile, Ovid’s Ep., 148 b; Mucedorus, Induction, 29, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 204; but here _chival_ may be for _’chieval_, _achieval_, achievement.

=chive, cive,= a small kind of onion or garlic; ‘_Escurs_, the little sallad herb called _Cives_ or _Chives_’, Cotgrave. F. _cive_ (North F. _chive_), onion; L. _cepa_, onion.

=chive;= see =cheve.=

=choane,= a cleft, rift, fissure; ‘_Fendasse_, a cleft, choane’, Cotgrave. See =chawne.=

=choke-pear,= a rough, harsh pear; also, something impossible to swallow or get over. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 321); Mydas, iv. 3 (end).

=choplogic,= a contentious, sophistical arguer. Awdelay, Fratern. of Vacabondes, p. 15. Shortened to _choploge_; ‘Choploges or greate pratlers’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Antigonus, § 27; Roister Doister, iii. 2 (Merygreek).

=choppine,= a kind of shoe raised above the ground by means of a cork sole or the like. Hamlet, ii. 2. 445; ‘_Pianelloni_, great pattins or choppins’, Florio; ‘Corke shooes, chopines’, Marston, Dutch Courtezan, iii. 1 (Tissefew). See Stanford (s.v. Chopine). See =chapine.=

=chreokopia,= a cancelling of debts, or of a part of a debt. Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (2 Lawyer). Gk. χρεωκοπία, a cutting off of debt.

=Christ-cross, Chriss-cross, Crisscross,= a cross (✠) placed at the beginning of the alphabet in a horn-book. Hence, _Christcross-row_, the alphabet, Two Angry Women, v. 1 (Mall); shortened to _cross-row_, Richard III, i. 1. 55. A similar cross was sometimes used (instead of XII) to mark noon on a clock or dial; hence ‘the Chrisse-crosse of Noone’, Puritan Widow, iv. 2. 85; see Nares.

=Christ-tide,= Christmas. A term for Christmas, used by Puritans, to avoid the use of the word _mass_. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Ananias) See NED.

=chrysopoeia,= the making of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle). Gk. χρυσοποιία.

=chrysosperm,= seed of gold. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Surly). Gk. χρυσός, gold + σπέρμα, seed.

=chuck,= darling; a term of endearment. Hen. V, iii. 2. 20; Macbeth, iii. 2. 45; ‘His _chuck_, that is, his wife’, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 68 (ed. Arber, p. 94). See EDD. (s.v. Chuck, sb.^{1} 4).

=chuff,= a rustic, a clown. Generally applied opprobriously to any person disliked, esp. a rude coarse fellow. 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 93; a churlish miser, Nashe, P. Pennilesse (NED.); Massinger, Duke of Milan, iii. 1 (Medina). In prov. use in the sense of surly, ill-tempered, see EDD. (s.v. Chuff, adj.^{1} 1). ME. _choffe_ or _chuffe_, ‘rusticus’ (Prompt.).

=church-book,= (1) the Bible; (2) the parish register. Both senses are quibbled upon; Massinger, Old Law, i. 1 (1 Lawyer).

=ciarlitani;= see =chiarlatan.=

=cibation,= a process in alchemy; lit. ‘a feeding’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Dol). From L. _cibus_, food.

=cinoper,= ‘cinnabar’. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle). Cp. MHG. _zinober_.

=cinque-pace,= a kind of lively dance. Much Ado, ii. 1. 77. F. _cinq pas_, lit. five paces; Littré gives _cinq pas et trois visages_ (five paces, three faces) as the name of an old French dance.

=cioppino,= a ‘chopine’. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, ii. 1 (Hedon). See =choppine.=

=circling:= phr. _a circling boy_, i.e. a kind of _roarer_, one who circumvented and cheated his dupes. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, iv. 2 (Edgworth). See Nares.

=circular,= going round-about, indirect. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Physician).

=circumstance,= detailed and circuitous narration; details, particulars; ‘Without circumstance’, i.e. without further details, Romeo, v. 3. 181; ceremony, formality, ‘Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war’, Othello, iii. 3. 355.

=citronise,= to bring to the colour of citron; a process in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem. iii. 2 (Subtle).

=cittern-headed,= ugly; because the head of the cittern (a kind of guitar) was often grotesquely carved to resemble a human head. Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone). The citterns were mostly found in barbers’ shops.

†=city-wires= (?); ‘His cates . . . Be fit for ladies: some for lords, knights, ’squires; Some for your waiting-wench, and city-wires’, B. Jonson, Epicoene (Prologue).

=civil,= sober, grave, not gay; said of colour. Romeo, iii. 2. 10; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iii. 2 (Maria); ‘civil-suited Morn’, Milton, Il Pens., 122.

=clack-dish,= a wooden dish with a lid, carried and clacked by beggars as an appeal for contributions. Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 2 (Gerardine). See =clapdish.=

=clad,= to clothe. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 4. 4; Peele, Poems, ed. Dyce p. 602.

=cladder,= a man of loose and vicious manners. (Cant.) ‘_Cladders_? Yes, catholic lovers’, Mayne, City Match, ii. 3 (Bright and Aurelia).

=clair-voyant,= clear-sighted, having good insight. _Clara voyant_, Buckingham, The Rehearsal, iii. 1 (end).

=clamper up,= to gather up together hastily. Ascham, Toxophilus, (ed. Arber, 83). [Sir W. Scott uses the expression ‘to _clamper up_ a story’, in a letter to Joanna Baillie (Feb. 10, 1822).]

=clap,= a sudden stroke of misfortune; a touch of disrepute. B. Jonson, Alchem. iv. 4. 3; _to catch a clap_, to meet with a mischance, Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, iii. 1 (Wise Woman).

=clapdish,= a wooden dish for alms with a cover that shut with a clapping noise, used by lepers and other mendicants. Massinger, Parl. of Love, ii. 2 (Leonora); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iv. 1 (Matheo). See =clack-dish.=

=clapper,= a rabbit-burrow. Tusser, Husbandry, § 36. 25; ‘As a cony . . . in his _claper_’, Fabyan, Chron. pt. vii, an. 1294-5 (p. 395). ‘_Clapier_, a clapper of conies’, Cotgrave. A Dorset word for a rabbit-hole (EDD.). O. Prov. _clapier_, ‘garenne privée’ (Levy).

=clapperclaw,= to beat, to maul. Merry Wives, ii. 3. 67; Tr. and Cr. v. 4. 1. In prov. use in various parts of England, and in Scotland (EDD.).

=clapperdudgeon,= a cant name for a beggar; a term of reproach. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (P. sen.); Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. i. 4; Greene, George-a-Greene (l. 909), ed. Dyce, p. 265, col. 1; Harman, Caveat, p. 44. Cp. _clapper_, the lid of a beggar’s clap-dish; _dudgeon_ was the name of a kind of wood for making handles of knives, &c.

=clarissimo,= a grandee. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2. 6. A Span. word, lit. most illustrious.

=clary, clare,= a pot-herb, the _Salvia Sclarea_, supposed to be good for the eyes, and so by pop. etym. often spelt _Cleare-eie_, _Clear-eye_; ‘Spirits of clare to bathe our temples in’, Davenant, The Wits, v (Thwack); spelt _clary_, ‘Clary quasi Clear Eye’, W. Coles, Adam in Eden, xxiii. 47. See NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.^{2}).

=clary,= a sweet liquor made of wine, clarified honey, and spices. Congreve, Way of World, iv. 5 (Mirabell); Vanbrugh, Provoked Wife, iii. 1 (Lord Rake). ME. _clarree_ (Chaucer, C. T. A. 1471). OF. _claré_, that which is cleared or clarified, see NED. (s.v. Clary, sb.^{1}).

=classhe.= See =closh.=

=claw,= to stroke; hence, to flatter. Drayton, Pol. xiii. 186; Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 1 (Piero); Much Ado, i. 3. 18. Phr. _claw me, I’ll claw thee_, ‘We saye, clawe me, clawe thee’, Tyndal, Expos. John (ed. 1537, 72), see NED.; _to claw the back_, to flatter, Hall, Sat. i. prol. 11. ‘Claw’ means to flatter in Leic. and Warw., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. 7).

=clawback,= one who strokes the back; a flatterer; ‘These flattering clawbackes’, Latimer, 2 Sermon bef. King, p. 64; Mirror for Mag., Iago, st. 6; ‘_Blandisseur_, a flattering sycophant or clawback’, Cotgrave. So in north Yorks. and Leic., see EDD. (s.v. Claw, vb. 10 (b)).

=clear,= very drunk. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, iv. 1 (Belfond Senior).

=cleave the pin;= see =pin.=

=cleaze;= see =clee.=

=clee,= a claw; ‘_Pied d’un cancre_, the clee or claw of a crab’, Cotgrave; ‘The clee of a bittor’, Turbervile, Falconrie, 349; _cleaze_ pl., Phaer, tr. Aeneid, viii. 209; Studley, Seneca’s Hercules, 206 b (NED.). See EDD. (s.v. Clee). ME. _cle_, ‘ungula’ (Cath. Angl.). OE. _clēa_. Cp. =cleye.=

=cleeves,= cliffs; ‘Dover’s neighbouring cleeves’, Drayton, Pol. xviii; Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 1. 62. ME. _clefe_ of an hyll, ‘declivum’ (Prompt.). Due to OE. _cleofu_, the plural form, or to _cleofe_, the dat. of _clif_. ‘Cleeve’ is very common in place-names in the west of England: Cleeve (Clyffe Pypard) in Wilts.; Church Cleves in Dorset; Old Cleeve, Huish Cleeve, Bitter Cleeve in Somerset.

=clem,= to starve for want of food. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, iii. 1 (Shift); Poetaster, i. 1 (Tucca). To ‘clem’ (or to ‘clam’) is the ordinary word for starving in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Clam, vb.^{2} 1). The lit. meaning of _clam_ (_clem_) is ‘to pinch’, still used in this sense in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Clam, vb.^{1} 1. Cp. Dan. _klemme_, Sw. _klämma_, to pinch.

=clench, clinch,= a pun. Dryden, Mac Flecknoe, 83; Prologue to Tr. and Cr. (1679), 27.

=clenchpoop,= a lout, a clown; a term of contempt. Warner, Albion’s England; bk. vi, ch. xxxi, st. 22; _clinchpoop_, or _clenchpoop_, Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 256.

=clepe,= to call. L. L. L. v. 1. 24; Hamlet, i. 4. 19. The pp. is spelt _cleeped_ in Chapman, Gent. Usher, ii. 1 (Pogio); the usual form is the archaic _y-clept_, spelt _y-clep’d_ in Milton, L’Allegro, 12. OE. _clipian_, _cleopian_, to call; pp. _ge-cleopod_.

=clergion,= a young songster, _fig._ of birds. Surrey, Description Restless State, 22; Poems, 72; in Tottel’s Misc. 231. ME. _clergeon_, a chorister (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1693). F. _clergeon_.

=clergy,= clerkly skill, learning. Proverb, ‘An Ounce of Mother-Wit is worth a Pound of Clergy (or Book-learning)’, see NED.; Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 3 (Purge). The privilege of exemption from sentence which might be pleaded by every one who could read; ‘Stand to your clergy, uncle, save your life’, Munday, Death Huntington, i. 3, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 244. _Clergy of belly_, respite claimed by a pregnant woman. Butler, Hudibras, iii. 1. 884. ME. _clergy_: ‘Lewdnesse of clergy, _illiteratura_’ (Prompt. EETS., 261).

=cleye,= a claw. Marlowe, tr. Lucan, bk. i, l. 36 from end; B. Jonson, Underwoods, Eupheme, ix. 18; ‘The cleyes of a lobster’, Skinner (1671). ‘Cley’ is an E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Clee). ME. _cley_ of a beast, ‘ungula’ (Prompt. EETS., 85, see note, no. 383). Cp. =clee.=

=clicket,= to be _maris appetens_, to copulate. Massinger, Picture, iii. 4 (Eubulus); Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, ii. 4 (Leontius); Tusser, Husbandry, § 77. 9. As a hunting term, it had reference to the fox and the wolf; see Turbervile, Hunting, c. 66, p. 186; c. 75, p. 205.

=cliffe,= a clef, key, in music. Tr. and Cr. v. 2. 11; Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1. 159. F. _clef_.

=clift,= a cliff. Greene, Orl. Fur. i. 1. 79; p. 90, col. 1; _clifte_, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 7. 23. The E. Anglian form (EDD.).

=clighte;= see =clitch.=

=Clim of the Clough,= a proverbially famous archer. Clement of the Glen, in the ballad of Adam Bell. Gascoigne, Flowers, ed. Hazlitt, i. 72; B. Jonson, Alchemist, i (Face). _Clem a Clough_, Drayton, Pastorals, vi. 36.

=clinch;= see =clench.=

=cling,= to cause to shrink, shrivel; ‘Till famine cling thee’, Macbeth, v. 5. 40. Cp. prov. use in Ireland and in the north of England, where the word means to wither, contract, also, of cattle, to become thin from want of proper food, see EDD. (s.v. Cling, vb.^{1} 4). ME. _clyngyn_, to shrink, to shrivel (Prompt.). OE. _clingan_, ‘marcere’ (Ælfric).

=clip,= to embrace. Wint. Tale, v. 2. 59; Coriolanus, i. 6. 29; iv. 5. 115. Still in use in various parts of England (EDD.). ME. _clippen_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. lii. 1344). OE. _clyppan_.

=clip,= to go fast, to run swiftly. Dryden, Annus Mirab. 86. A Suffolk use; see EDD. (s.v. Clip, vb.^{2} 11).

=clipped,= uttered aloud; ‘Thy clipped name’, Middleton, The Witch, ii. 2 (near the end). See =clepe.=

=clips, clyps,= ‘eclipse’. Berners, tr. of Froissart, ch. 130. Common in the north (EDD.). ME. _Clypps_ of þe son or þe mone, ‘eclipsis’ (Prompt.).

=clitch,= to bend, clench (the fist). Hellowes, Guevara’s Fam. Ep. 145 (NED.); _clighte_, pp., Bossewell, Armorie, ii. 119^{b}. Cp. the west country _clitch_, to grasp tightly (EDD.). OE. _clycchan_, pp. _geclyht_.

=clogdogdo,= a term of contempt. B. Jonson, Silent Woman, iv. 1 (Otter). A nonce-word.

=close fight,= a sea term; a kind of screen used in a naval engagement. Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). See =fights.=

=closh, clash,= the name of an old game, played with a ball or bowl. Spelt _claisshe_, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 27, § 8. See Cowell’s Interpreter and Strutt’s Sports. _Closh_ was orig. the name of the bowl. Du. _klos_, a wooden Boule (Hexham).

=closure,= bound, limit, circuit. Richard III, iii. 3. 11; an entrenchment, fortress, Greene, Looking Glasse (ed. 1861, p. 123); Surrey, tr. Aeneid, ii. 296. OF. _closure_, confine, limits (Dialoge Greg., 74); Late L. _clausura_, a castle, fort (Justinian).

=clote,= the yellow water-lily; _Nuphar lutea_. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, ii. 2. 12. Still in use in the south-west of England, see EDD. (s.v. Clote, (1)). OE. _clāte_, which was the name of various plants resembling the burdock, see NED.

=clottered,= clotted. Mirror for Mag., Buckingham, st. 14; _‘Congrée_, congealed, clottered’, Cotgrave. Du. _kloteren_, or _klonteren_, ‘to curdle or growe thick as milke doth’ (Hexham). See =cluttered.=

=clout,= a piece of cloth or linen, a rag. Hamlet, ii. 2. 537; Richard III, i. 3. 177; hence, _clouted_, patched, BIBLE, Joshua ix. 5. In prov. use, esp. in the north, see EDD. (s.v. Clout, sb.^{1} 3).

=clout,= a square piece of canvas, which formed the mark to be aimed at, at the archery butts, L. L. L. iv. 1. 138; 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 52.

=clout,= to cuff heavily, BIBLE, 2 Sam. xxii. 39; _clouted_, pp. hit, Beaumont and Fl., Hum. Lieutenant, iii. 7. 1. In gen. vulgar use, see EDD. (s.v. Clout, vb.^{2} 1).

=clouted;= of cream: clotted, by scalding milk. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 99; Borde, Dyetarie, 267. A Devon word (EDD.).

=clowre,= grassy surface, turf. In pl. _clowres_; Golding, Metam. iv. 301. (L. _cespite_); viii. 756 (L. _terram_). ME. _clowre_, grassy ground (Lydgate).

=cloy,= to prick a horse with a nail in shoeing; ‘I cloye a horse, I drive a nayle in to the quycke of his foote, _jencloue_’, Palsgrave; to pierce as with a nail, to gore, Spenser, F. Q. iii. 6. 48; to spike a gun, Beaumont and Fl., The False One, v. 4 (Photinus). OF. _cloyer_ (F. _clouer_), to nail, deriv. of OF. _clo_ (F. _clou_), a nail.

=cloyer,= a pick-pocket’s accomplice. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). See Nares.

=cloyne,= a clown, rustic. Mirror for Mag., Rivers, st. 44. The word _clown_ (_cloyne_) was a late introduction from some Low German source, originally meaning ‘clod, lump’, see NED.

=cloyne, cloine,= to act deceitfully or fraudulently. Bale, Sel. Wks. (ed. 1849, p. 170 (NED.)); to take furtively, to steal away, Phaer, tr. Aeneid, vi. 524; vii. 364. Probably the same word as OF. _cluigner_, _clugner_, _cluyner_ (F. _cligner_), to wink, often as the expression of secret understanding, cunning, or hypocrisy. See NED.

=club,= a country fellow; ‘Homely and playn clubbes of the countrey’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 14; ‘Hertfordshire clubs and clouted shoon’, Ray, Eng. Proverbs, 310. Cp. ME. _clubbyd_, ‘rudis’ (Prompt.).

=clubfist,= a thick-fisted ruffian. Mirror for Magistrates, Sabrine, st. 10.

=clubs!= A popular cry to call out the London apprentices, who had clubs for their weapons; also, a cry to call out citizens; as in Romeo, i. 1. 80. There are frequent allusions to this cry; ‘Cry _clubs_ for prentices’, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, v. 2 (All).

=clunch,= a clodhopper; ‘_Casois_, a countrey clown, boore, clunch, hinde’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Cumberland, Lancashire, and E. Yorks. (EDD.). See NED.

=clunch,= to clench; ‘His fist is clunched’, Earle, Microcosmographie, § 20; ed. Arber, p. 41.

=clunged,= drawn together by the action of cold; ‘By the Northern winds . . . clunged and congealed withall’, Holland, Pliny, i. 513; ‘The Earth made clunged with the cold of winter’, B. Googe, Heresbach’s Husb. (NED.).

=cluttered,= clotted. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Alberto); ‘_Engrommelé_, clotted, cluttered, curded thick’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in Cheshire and Shropshire (EDD.). See =clottered.=

=cly= (thieves’ cant), to seize, take; to steal (NED.). Phr. _to cly the Jerk_, to be whipped, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman); Harman, Caveat, p. 84. In Lower Rhenish dialect _klauen_ (_kläuen_, _kleuen_) is used in the sense of ‘steal’. See NED.

=coals:= phr. _to carry coals_, to be very servile, to submit to insults. Romeo, i. 1. 2. See =colcarrier.=

=coal-sleck,= coal-dust. Drayton, Pol. iii. 280. Cp. prov. E. _sleck_, slack, small coal.

=coart,= to confine, restrain; ‘Streatly coarted’, Skelton, Why come ye not, 438; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, i. 138. L. _co-arctare_, to compress, from _arctus_, close.

=coast, cost=(=e,= the side. Spenser, M. Hubberd, 294; the border, frontier of a country, BIBLE, Mark vii. 31; Judges i. 18; phr. _on even coast_, on even terms, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 3. 17. OF. _coste_ (F. _côte_).

=coast,= to keep by the side of a person moving. Fletcher and Rowley, Maid Mill, i. 1; to march on the flank of, Berners, Froissart, i. 40. 55; to move in a roundabout course, _fig._ Hen. VIII, iii. 2. 38; to skirt, Milton, P. L. iv. 782; spelt _cost_, to approach, Spenser, Daphnaida, st. 6; Venus and Adonis, 870.

=coat;= see =cote.=

=coat-card,= a playing card bearing a ‘coated’ figure (king, queen, or knave). In regular use till the Revolution, 1688; afterwards perverted into _Court-card_. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (Madrigal). Also, _coat_, Massinger, Old Law, iii. 1 (Cook); B. Jonson, New Inn, i. 1.

=coath,= to faint, to swoon away. Skinner, 1671 (a Lincoln word); ‘To coath (swoon away), _Animo linqui, deficere_’, Coles, 1679. ‘Coath’ is still used in this sense in E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _cothe_, or swownyng, ‘sincopa’ (Prompt.). OE. _coðu_, disease; cp. _coe_, a word for a disease of sheep, cattle in W. Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coe, sb.^{1} 1). See =quoth.=

=cob,= the head of a red herring. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II. (Wks., 1873, ii. 147); ‘A herring cob, _la teste d’un harang sor_’, Sherwood.

=cob, cobbe,= a wealthy man; a miser; ‘Ryche cobbes’, Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 149; Stubbes, Anat. Abuses, ii. 27 (NED.).

=cobbe,= a male swan; ‘The hee swanne is called the cobbe, and the she-swanne the penne’, Best, Farm. Bks. (ed. 1856, p. 122). Hence _cob-swan_, B. Jonson, Catiline, ii. 1 (Fulvia). ‘Cob’ is still in use in Norfolk (EDD.).

=cockal=(=l,= a knucklebone of a sheep, with which boys played ‘knucklebones’. Herrick, The Temple, 59; the game played, Cotgrave (s.v. _Tales_). See Nares.

=cockall,= a paragon, a pattern, of supreme excellence; ‘He was the very cockall of a husband’, Marston, Antonio, Pt. I, iii. 2. 6.

=cockatrice,= a name for the basilisk, a serpent supposed to kill by its mere glance, and to be hatched from a cock’s egg. BIBLE, Isaiah lix. 5; Romeo, iii. 2. 47; applied to a woman of loose life, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Rev. iv. 1; Killigrew’s Pandora (Nares). Orig. a name for the crocodile. OF. _caucatris_ (_cocatris_), crocodile; Med. L. _caucatrices_, ‘crocodili’ (Ducange); cp. O. Prov. _calcatris_, crocodile (Levy). See NED.

=cock-a-two,= cock of two, a cock that has conquered two, a conqueror of two. Little French Lawyer, ii. 3 (La Writ). See Nares.

=cockers,= leggings, gaiters. Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. iv; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 59. In prov. use from the north country to the W. Midlands and E. Anglia (EDD.). ME. _cokeres_ (P. Plowman, C. Text, ix. 59). Probably the same word as OE. _cocor_, a quiver.

=cocket,= a ship’s certificate that goods for export had paid duty. Gascoigne, Steel Glas, ll. 258, 1058. Anglo-F. _cokette_, app. the seal with which the certificate was assured (Rough List).

=cocket,= pert, saucy, stuck up. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, ii. 5 (song); Coles Dict. 1677. In prov. use from north country to the W. Midlands, meaning ‘pert, saucy’, also, ‘brisk, merry, lively’ (EDD.).

=cockledemois,= pl. (perhaps) a natural product of some kind representing money. Chapman, Mask of the Middle Temple, § 2. (Not found elsewhere, except as Cockledemoy, the name of a knave in Marston’s Dutch Courtezan). Dr. H. Bradley suggests that this word may represent Port. _coquílho de moeda_; _coquílho_, fruit of an Indian palm; _moeda_, money.

=cockloche,= a term of reproach or contempt, a mean fellow, a silly coxcomb. Shirley, Witty Fair One, ii. 2 (Clare); spelt _cocoloch_, Beaumont and Fl., Four Plays in One, Triumph of Honour, sc. 1 (Nicodemus). F. _coqueluche_, a hood, also a person who is all the vogue. See Dict. de l’Acad. (1762).

=Cock Lorel,= the name of the owner and captain of the boat containing jovial reprobates of all trades in a sarcastic poem, Cocke Lorelles Bote, printed _c._ 1515; used also allusively with the sense of ‘rogue’; ‘Here is fyrst, Cocke Lorell the Knyght’ (ed. 1843, p. 4); ‘Cock-Lorrell would needs have the Devill his guest’, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metam. (Song). See =Lorel.=

=cockney,= (1) a cockered child, a child tenderly brought up, hence (2) a squeamish, foppish, effeminate fellow. (1) Tusser, Husbandry, 183; Baret, Alvearie, C. 729; (2) Twelfth Nt. iv. 1. 15; a squeamish woman, King Lear, ii. 4. 123. ME. _cokenay_, an effeminate person (Chaucer, C. T. A. 4208); _coknay_, ‘delicius’ (Prompt.).

=cockqueene;= the same as =cuckquean.=

=cockshut time,= twilight. Richard III, v. 3. 70. The twilight, or dim light in which woodcocks could most easily be caught in _cockshuts_. A _cockshut_, or _cockshoot_, was a broadway or glade in a wood, through which woodcocks might dart or _shoot_, and in which they might be caught with nets; see EDD. ‘A fine _cock-shoot_ evening’, Middleton, The Widow, iii. 1. 6; cp. Arden of Feversham, iii. 2. 47.

=cocksure,= absolutely secure. Skelton, Why Come ye nat to Court, 279; Conflict of Conscience, iii. 3. 1 (in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 67); with absolute security, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 1. 94.

=cocoloch;= see =cockloche.=

=cocted,= boiled. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 15. L. _coctus_, pp. of _coquere_, to cook.

=cod,= a bag, Lyly, Mydas, iv. 2 (Corin); a civet-bag, musk-bag, B. Jonson, Epigrams, xix; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia). OE. _codd_, a bag.

=coddle,= to parboil, to stew; ‘To codle, _coctillo_’, Coles, Dict. 1679; ‘I’ll have you coddled’ (alluding to ‘Prince Pippin’), Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, v. 4. 31. See Dict. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Coddle, vb.^{3} 1).

=codes!, coads-nigs!, cuds me!,= ejaculations of surprise, no doubt orig. profane. _Codes! Codes!_, Beaumont and Fl., Maid’s Tragedy, i. 2 (Diagoras). _Coads-nigs!,_ Middleton, Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Freedom); _Cuds me_, ib. (Lucre).

=cod’s-head,= a stupid fellow, a blockhead. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, v. 2 (Cat. Bountinall). In prov. use in Derbysh. (EDD.).

=coffin,= pie-crust, raised crust of a pie. B. Jonson, Staple of News, ii. 1 (Pennyboy sen.); Titus And. v. 2. 189. So in prov. use in Lincolnsh. and Hertfordsh., see EDD. (s.v. Coffin, 5).

=coft=(=e,= _pp._ bought. Mirror for Magistrates, Clarence, st. 49; Dalrymple, Leslie’s Hist. Scotland (NED.). M. Dutch _coft_(_e_, pret., and _gecoft_ (mod. _gecocht_), pp. of _copen_, to buy (Verdam); cp. G. _kaufen_.

=cog,= to cheat, deceive, Much Ado, v. 1. 95; to employ feigned flattery, to fawn. Merry Wives, iii. 3. 76; Richard III, i. 3. 48. Still in use in Sussex, see EDD. (s.v. Cog, vb.^{4} 2).

=cogge,= a kind of ship; chiefly, a ship for transport. Morte Arthur, leaf 82, back, 30; bk. v, c. 3; _cogg_, a cock-boat, Fairfax, tr. of Tasso, xiv. 58. OF. _cogue_ (Godefroy).

=coggle,= _to coggle in_, to flatter continually. Jacob and Esau, ii. 3 (Mido). See =cog.=

=cohobation,= a process in alchemy; a repeated distillation. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Face). See NED.

=coil, coyle,= to beat, thrash; ‘I shall coil them’, Jacob and Esau, v. 4 (near the end); Roister Doister, iii. 3, l. 7 from end; ‘I coyle ones kote, I beate hym, _je bastonne_,’ Palsgrave. Hence _coiling_, a beating, Udall, tr. Apoph., Socrates, § 15. ‘Coil’ has still this meaning in Northumberland, see EDD. (s.v. Coil, vb.^{3}).

=Cointree,= Coventry. _Cointree blue_, Drayton, Pastorals, Ecl. 4; Ballad of Dowsabel, l. 63.

†=coistered;= ‘There were those at that time who, to try the strength of a man’s back and his arm, would be coister’d’, Marston, Malcontent, v. 1. 10. Meaning unknown.

=coistril,= used as a term of contempt, a low varlet; spelt _coystrill_ Twelfth Nt. i. 3. 43; B. Jonson, Every Man in Hum. iv. 2. 137 (Downright). Cp. _coistrel_, in use in the north country in the sense of a raw, inexperienced lad (EDD.); ‘A coistrel, _adolescentulus_’, Coles Dict. 1679.

=cokes,= a simpleton, dupe. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous); Devil an Ass, ii. 1 (Pug); spelt _cox_, Beaumont and Fl., Wit at sev. Weapons, iii. 1 (Oldcraft).

=cokes,= to coax. Puttenham, E. Poesie, bk. i, c. 8; p. 36.

=colberteen,= a kind of open lace, like network. Congreve, Way of the World, v. 1 (Lady Wishfort); Swift, Cadenus and Vanessa, 418. Named from ‘Colbert, Superintendent of the French King’s Manufactures’ (Fop’s Dict. 1690). See NED.

=colcarrier, colecarier,= a coal-carrier, a low dependant, cringing sycophant; lit. one who will carry coals for another. Golding, tr. of Ovid, The Epistle, p. 2, l. 86. See =coals.=

=Cold-harbour, Cole-arbour,= an old building in Dowgate Ward. Westward Ho, iv. 2 (Justinians); B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, ii. 3 (Morose); Middleton, A Trick to Catch, ii. 1 (Lucre). For an account of the great house called Cold Harbrough, see Stow’s Survey, Dowgate Ward (ed. Thoms, 88. 89).

=cole, coal,= money. (Cant.) Shadwell, Squire of Alsatia, i. 1 (Shamwell). _To post the cole_, to pay the money. See NED. (s.v. Cole, sb.^{3}).

=coleharth,= a coal-hearth, or place where a fire has been made; ‘An Harte passeth by some _coleharthes_ . . . the hote sent of the fire smoothreth the houndes’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 40; pp. 114-15.

=coleprophet;= see =col-prophet.=

=coles:= in phr. _precious coles_, a kind of minced oath. Gascoigne, Steel Glas (ed. Arber, 80); Return from Parnassus (ed. Arber, 50). See NED. (s.v. Precious).

=colestaff;= see =cowl-staff.=

=colice,= a strong broth, a ‘cullis’. Lyly, Campaspe, iii. 5 (Apelles). F. ‘_coulis_, a cullis or broth of boyled meat strained’ (Cotgr.).

=coll,= to embrace. Middleton, The Witch, i. 2 (Hecate); Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 34; an embrace, Middleton, The Witch, i. 2. Still in use in Dorset and Somerset, see EDD. (s.v. Coll, vb.^{1}). OF. _coler_ (La Curne), deriv. of _col_ (F. _cou_), neck.

=colle-pixie,= a goblin, mischievous sprite. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 99. For _colt-pixy_, a sprite in the form of a colt, which neighs and misleads horses in bogs, a word known in Hants. and Dorset, the Dorset form is _cole-pexy_, see EDD. (s.v. Colt-pixy).

=collet,= the part of a ring in which the stone is set. C. Tourneur, Revengers’ Tragedy, i. 1 (Duchess); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, x. 18. Cp. F. _collet_, a collar (Cotgr.).

=collocavit,= used grotesquely to denote some kitchen utensil. Udall, Roister Doister, iv. 7 (Merygreek). There seems to be an allusion to =collock,= q.v.

=collock,= a large pail; ‘Collock, an old word for a Pail’, Phillips, Coles, 1677. A north-country word (EDD.). ME. _colok_, ‘canterus’ (Voc. 771. 30).

=collogue,= to deal flatteringly with any one; ‘_Trainer sa parole_, to collogue, to flatter, fawn on’, Cotgrave; to feign agreement, Marston and Webster, Malcontent, v. 2; to have a private understanding with, ‘They collogued together’, Wood, Life (ed. 1772, p. 172). In prov. use in many parts of England, Scotland, and Ireland in three senses: (1) to talk confidentially, (2) to flatter, to wheedle, (3) to plot together for mischief (EDD.). Cp. L. _colloq-_ in _colloquium_, with change to _collogue_ under the influence of _dialogue_, _duologue_, &c.

=collow,= to make black or dirty with coal-dust or soot; Middleton, Family of Love, iii. 3. 2; ‘_Poisler_, to collow, smut, begryme’, Cotgrave; ‘I colowe, I make blake with a cole’, Palsgrave. A Cheshire word, see EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). ME. _colwen_, cp. _colwyd_, ‘carbonatus’ (Prompt. EETS. 91). Cp. =colly.=

=colly,= to blacken. B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3; Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 145; ‘to colly, _denigro_’, Coles, Dict. 1679. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Colley, vb. 6). See =collow.=

=colon,= the largest human intestine. _To satisfy colon_, to satisfy one’s hunger, Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Belgarde); _to pacify colon_, id., Picture, ii. 1 (Hilario).

=colour,= a pretence, appearance of right. Two Gent. iv. 2. 3; Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 566; _colours_, ensigns, standards, 1 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 31; _to fear no colours_, to fear no flags, no enemy, Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 6.

=colour de roy,= bright tawny. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, i. 2 (Balurdo). F. ‘_couleur de roy_, was in old time, Purple; but now is the bright Tawny, which we also tearm Colour de Roy’ (Cotgr.).

=colpheg,= to buffet or cuff, Edwards, Damon and Pithias, Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 85, col. 1; in Dodsley (ed. 1780, i. 209). See NED. (s.v. Colaphize).

=colprophet,= a sorcerer, fortune-teller. Mirror for Magistrates, Glendour, st. 31 and st. 34; spelt _coleprophet_, J. Heywood, Prov. and Epigr. (ed. 1867, p. 17).

=colstaff, colestaff;= see =cowl-staff.=

=colt,= to befool, to ‘take in’, 1 Hen. IV, ii. 2. 39; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iii. 2. From _colt_ (a young horse), used humorously for a young or inexperienced person, one easily taken in. Cp. the prov. use of ‘to colt’, meaning to make a newcomer pay his footing, see EDD. (s.v. Colt, vb.^{1} 12).

=comand,= coming. B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. ii. 1 (Maud.). A northern form.

=come off,= to pay money, pay a debt. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, iv. 2 (1 Court.); B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, i. 1 (end); Merry Wives, iv. 3. 12.

=com’esta,= how is it? how goes it with you? Massinger, Virgin Martyr, ii. 3 (Spungius). Span. _cómo está?_, how is it?

=commandador,= a lieutenant; compared to a common sergeant. B. Jonson, Volpone, iv. 1 (Sir Pol.). Span. _comendador_, ‘a commander, lieutenant’ (Minsheu). The Span. vb. _comendar_ orig. meant ‘to commend’.

=commandments, ten,= ten fingers, or two fists; jocularly. 2 Hen. VI, i. 3. 145; Udall, tr. of Apoph., Socrates, § 63. [‘Be busy with the ten commandments’, Longfellow, Span. Student, iii. 2 (Cruzado).] Cp. Span. _los diez mandamiéntos_, the ten commandments; ironically, the ten fingers (Stevens).

=commedle,= to commix, mingle. Webster, White Devil (Flamineo), ed. Dyce, p. 25.

=commence,= to take the full degree of Master or Doctor in any faculty at a University; _to commence doctor_, to take a doctor’s degree, Massinger, Emp. of the East, ii. 1 (Chrysapius); Duke of Milan, iv. 1 (Graccho).

=commencement,= the great public ceremony, esp. at Cambridge, when degrees are conferred at the end of the academical year. Brewer, Lingua, iv. 2 (Common Sense); ‘In Oxford this solemnitie is called an Act, but in Cambridge they use the French word Commensement’, Harrison, Descr. England, bk. ii, ch. 3 (ed. Furnivall, 75).

=commodity,= wares, merchandise; esp. a parcel of goods sold on credit by a usurer to a needy person, who immediately raised some cash by reselling them at a lower price, often to the usurer himself; ‘He’s in for a commodity of brown paper and old ginger’, Measure for M. iv. 3. 5; advantage, profit, ‘I will turn diseases to commodity’, 2 Hen. IV, i. 2 (end); Bacon, Essay 41, § 1.

=communicate,= to share in, partake of; ‘Thousands that communicate our loss’, B. Jonson, Sejanus, iii. 1 (Tib.).

=communication,= conversation, talk. BIBLE, Luke xxiv. 17; Eph. iv. 29; this rendering of the Gk. λόγος is due to Tyndal, ‘communicacion’; ‘(Cardinal Morton), gentill in communication’, More, Utopia (ed. Arber, 36).

=companiable,= sociable, companionable. Bacon, Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 217. ME. _companyable_, ‘socialis’ (Prompt.). A deriv. of OF. _compain_, orig. nom. of _compagnon_; Anglo-F. _cumpainz_ (Ch. Rol. 285).

=companion,= used as term of contempt, a fellow. Com. of Errors, iv. 4. 64; 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 102. Cp. the use of _kumpân_ (OF. _compain_) in the MLG. poem Reinke de Vos, 1984 (ed. Bartsch, p. 293).

=compass,= to obtain, win (an object). Two Gent. ii. 4. 214; Pericles, i. 2. 24; Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 28.

=compass,= range, arc described by an arrow. Ford, Witch of Edmonton, ii. 2 (Somerton); Ascham, Toxophilus (ed. Arber, 145).

=complement,= that which goes to ‘complete’ the character of a gentleman in regard to external appearance or demeanour. Hen. V, ii. 2. 134; B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Carlo).

=complimentary,= a master of defence, who published works upon the compliments and ceremonies of duelling. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Crites).

=compromit,= to submit, esp. to submit to a compromise. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 4, § 2. F. _compromettre_, to put unto compromise (Cotgr.).

=compter,= a ‘counter’, for children to play with. Conflict of Conscience, iv. 5 (Conscience); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 108.

=comptible,= liable to give an ‘account’ of, sensitive to. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 186.

=comrogue,= a fellow-rogue. Massinger, City Madam, iv. 1. 10; B. Jonson, Masque of Augurs (Groom). A jocular word; for _comrade_. Also _comrague_, Webster, Appius, iv. 2 (1 Soldier); Heywood and Brome, Lancashire Witches, 1634 (sig. K., Dyce).

=con:= phr. _to con thanks_, to acknowledge thanks, to be grateful. All’s Well, iv. 3. 174; Timon, iv. 3. 428. See NED. (s.v. Con, vb.^{1} 4).

=con.,= short for _contra_, against; ‘Now for the con’, Beaumont and Fl., Nice Valour, iii. 2 (Lapet). Cp. the phrase _pro_ and _con_.

=concavite,= concave or hollow sphere of the sky; ‘Where is become that azure _concavite_?’ (riming with _infinite_), Mirror for Mag., Robert of Normandy, st. 113.

=conceit,= what is conceived in the mind, conception, idea. Othello, iii. 3. 115; Merch. Venice, iii. 4. 2; faculty of conceiving, mental capacity, As You Like It, v. 2. 60; imagination, fancy, 2 Hen. IV, ii. 4. 263; used of articles of fanciful design, Mids. Night’s D. i. 1. 33.

=conceited,= full of imagination or fancy; ‘The conceited painter’, Lucrece, 1371; disposed to playful fancy, Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 3 (Ariosto); B. Jonson, Every Man in Humour, iii. 2. 29; curiously designed, Chapman, Homer, Iliad ix, 85; _conceitedly_, ingeniously, Middleton, Mayor of Queenboro’, iii. 3 (Vortigern).

=conceive,= to understand, to take the meaning of (a person); ‘Nay, conceive me, conceive me, sweet Coz’, Merry Wives, i. 1. 250; Spenser, State Ireland (Works, Globe ed. 666).

=concent,= harmony, concord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 12. 5; (_consent_), Hen. V, i. 2. 181. L. _concentus_, a singing together.

=concinnitie,= harmony, congruity, propriety. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § last but one. L. _concinnitas_.

=conclusions, to try,= to try experiments, or an experiment. Hamlet, iii. 4. 195; Massinger, Duke of Milan, iv. 1 (near end).

=concrew,= to grow together. Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 7. 40. Cp. F. _concrû_, pp. of _concroítre_.

=cond,= taught. Only in Drayton, Pol. xii. 206. See NED. (s.v. Con, vb.^{1} 5).

=condiscend,= for _condescent_, acquiescence, agreement, consent; lit. condescension. Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 14. 17.

=condition,= provision, stipulation; = on condition that, Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 78; Massinger, Old Law, ii. 1 (Simonides); Shirley, Young Admiral, iii. 2 (Fabio); mental disposition, temper, character, Merch. Ven. i. 2. 143; Hen. V, v. 1. 83.

=condog,= to concur, ‘_Concurre_? _condogge_?’, Lyly, Gallathea, i. 1 (Raffe); ‘To agree, _concurre_, _cohere_, _condog_’; Cockeram’s Dict. (1642), second part. A whimsical alteration of _concur_, made by substituting _dog_ for _cur_. The usual tale about this word is wholly without foundation; see NED.

=conduct,= conductor. Richard II, iv. 157; Romeo, iii. 1. 129; v. 3. 116.

=conduction,= guidance, leadership. North, tr. of Plutarch, Coriolanus, § 21 (in Shak. Plut., p. 40, n. 7); Robinson, tr. of Utopia, bk. ii; ed. Arber, p. 138. L. _conductio_; from _conducere_, to conduct.

=coney,= a rabbit. In compounds: _Cony-burrow_, a rabbit-warren, Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. II, iii. 1 (Orlando), spelt _coney borough_, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, iii. 1 (Medlay); _coney-catch_, to cheat, dupe, Merry Wives, i. 1. 128; Humour out of Breath, iv. 3 (Hortensio); _conie-catcher_, a cheat, Sir Thos. More, i. 4. 205; _coney-garth_, a rabbit-warren, Palsgrave; spelt _cony gat_, Peele, Works (ed. Dyce, p. 579); _conyger_, Horman, Vulgaria (NED.); _conygree_, Turbervile, Venerie, 184. For etymology of these ‘coney’ words see NED.

=confine,= to send beyond the confines, to banish. Webster, Appius, v. 3 (Virginius). Dyce gives five more examples, all from Heywood. And see Dyce’s Webster, p. 375.

=confins,= inhabitants of adjacent regions. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 20, § 12. L. _confines_, pl., neighbours.

=confluent,= affluent, abounding in. Chapman, tr. of Homer, Iliad ix, 157. In this sense found only here.

=congee,= a bow; orig. at taking one’s leave. Dryden, Prol. to The Loyal Brother, 25; Marlowe, Edward II, v. 4; to take ceremonious leave, ‘I have congied with the Duke’, All’s Well, iv. 3. 103. OF. _congie_, leave of absence, dismission. See Dict.

=conglobate,= gathered as into a globe, compressed. Dryden, Death of Lord Hastings, 35.

=congrue,= fitting, suitable; ‘Congrue Latine’, Latin that can be parsed, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15, § 1. F. _congru_ (Littré); L. _congruus_, agreeing, suitable.

=congrue,= to agree, accord. Hen. V, i. 2. 182 (Qu.); Hamlet, iv. 3. 66 (Qq.). L. _congruere_.

=conjure,= to call upon solemnly, to adjure. Two Gent. ii. 7. 2; Hamlet, iv. 3. 67; to influence by incantation, or the adjuring of spirits, Timon, i. 1. 7; to swear together, to conspire, Milton, P. L. ii. 693; Spenser, F. Q. v. 10. 26.

=consilliadory,= pl. councillors. City Nightcap, i. 1 (Abstemia); iii. 1 (Lorenzo). Ital. _consigliatori_, pl.; from _consiglio_, council.

=consort,= a ‘concert’ of musical instruments. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, 1. 23 from the end; Northward Ho, ii. 1; Beaumont and Fl., King and No King, v. 2 (Lygones).

=conster,= to construe; a common spelling in old editions of Shakespeare, &c.

=consumedly,= excessively; ‘I believe they talked of me; for they laughed consumedly’, Farquhar, Beaux Stratagem, iii. 1 (Scrub); consumedly in love’, id., iii. 2 (Scrub).

=conteck,= strife, discord. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 1. 64; Shep. Kal., May, 163; Sept., 86. ME. _contek_, strife (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2003, B. 4122). Anglo-F. _contec_, ‘débat, querelle’ (Moisy); contention (Gower, Mirour, 4647). See Dict. M. and S.

=continent,= one of the concentric ‘spheres’ in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy; each hollow crystal sphere carried with it one of the seven planets that revolved round the earth, each planet being attached to the concave surface of its own sphere. ‘As true . . . as doth that orbed continent [that spherical solar shell retain] the fire That severs day from night’ [i.e. the sun], Twelfth Nt. v. 1. 278; ‘Nor doth the moon no nourishment exhale From her moist continent to higher orbs’ (i.e. from her own sphere to the spheres beyond), Milton, P. L. v. 422; ‘All subject under Luna’s continent’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 2 (1148); scene 9. 62 (W.); p. 167, col. 2 (D); ‘Luna, . . . trembling upon her concave continent’, iv. 1 (1543); scene 11. 15 (W.); p. 172, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘Judging the concave circle of the sun To hold the rest in his circumference’, Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1122); scene 9. 36 (W.); p. 167, col. 1 (D.).

=contrive,= to wear out, to spend; ‘Three ages, such as mortall men contrive’, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 9. 48; Tam. Shrew, i. 2. L. _contrivi_, pt. t. of _conterere_, to wear away; cp. ‘totum hunc contrivi diem’, Terence, Hec. 5. 3. 17. Not the same word as mod. E. _contrive_. See Nares.

=conundrum,= a whim, crotchet, conceit. B. Jonson, The Fox, v. 7 (Volpone).

=convent,= to convene, summon together, summon. Coriolanus, ii. 2. 59; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17.

=convert,= to cause to return, to bring back; ‘Or if I stray he doth convert, And bring my minde in frame’, Herbert, Temple, Ps. xxiii; to turn aside from (intrans.), ‘When thou from youth convertest’, Sh. Sonn. xi.

=convertite,= a professed convert to a religious faith, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, i. 2 (Barabas); a person converted to a better course of action, King John, v. 1. 19.

=convey,= a cant term for to steal. Merry Wives, i. 3. 52; Richard II, v. 317. Hence _conveyance_, trickery, artifice, 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3. 160.

=convince,= to overcome, overpower; ‘I will with wine and wassal so convince’, Macbeth, i. 7. 64; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 21; to prove a person to be guilty, ‘Which of you convinceth mee of sinne?’ BIBLE, John viii. 46; Tr. and Cr. ii. 2. 129; Webster, Appius and Virg. v. 3; Mirror for Mag., Glocester. st. 43; to refute in argument, ‘It sufficeth to convince atheism, but not to inform religion’, Bacon, Adv. Learning, ii. 681.

=convive,= one who feasts with others, a table-companion. Beaumont, Psyche, x. 211; to feast together, Tr. and Cr. iv. 5. 272. F. _convive_, a guest; L. _conviva_, one who lives or feasts with others.

=cony;= see =coney.=

=cooling card,= a winning card in a card-game, that dashes the hopes of the adversary. 1 Hen. VI, v. 3. 84; Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, ii. 2 (Flavia).

=copartiment,= a compartment, panel. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, i. 2 (last line). Ital. _compartimento_, a partition.

=copatain hat,= a high-crowned hat (?). Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 69; ‘A copetain hatte made on a Flemmishe blocke’, Gascoigne, Works, i. 375. Prob. the same as _copintank_, _copentank_, a high-crowned hat in the form of a sugar-loaf; ‘A high cop-tank hat,’ North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Antonius, § 30. See NED. (s.v. Copintank).

=cope,= a purchase, bargain. Greene, Friar Bacon, i. 3 (351); scene 3. 5 (W.); p. 157, col. 1 (D.). Cp. ‘cope’, a prov. word meaning to exchange, barter, heard in the north country and E. Anglia, see EDD. (s.v. Cope, vb.^{2} 1). Dutch _koop_, a sale, a buying. See Dict. (s.v. Cope, 3).

=copel,= a small pot made of bone-ash, used for melting gold or silver. Sir T. Browne, Urn-burial, ch. iii, § 18. Spelt _coppell_, Bacon, Sylva, § 799. F. _coupelle_, ‘a Coppell, the little Ashen pot or vessel wherein Goldsmiths melt or fine their Metals’ (Cotgr.); see Estienne, Précellence, 142 (Lexique-Index, 400). _Coupelle_ is a deriv. of _coupe_, a cup. Med. L. _cuppa_ (Ducange). See NED. (s.v. Cupel).

=copeman,= a chapman. B. Jonson, Volpone, iii. 5 (Vol.). See =cope.=

=copemate, copesmate,= a person with whom one ‘copes’ or contends, an adversary. Golding, Metam. xii (ed. 1593, 279); Chapman, All Fools, ii (Valerio); a companion, comrade, Greene, Upstart Courtier (ed. 1871, 4), used _fig._ Lucrece, 925; _female copesmate_, mistress, paramour, B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 10 (Knowell).

=coppe,= the top, summit. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 202. 18; lf. 232, back, 26. Hence _copped_, peaked, Pericles, i. 1. 101; ‘High-copt hats’, Gascoigne, Steel Glas, 1163. ME. cop: ‘the cop of the hill’ (Wyclif, Luke iv. 29). OE _copp_.

=copy,= abundance, copiousness. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, ii. 1 Carlo); Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Placentia). L. _copia_.

=copy,= copyhold, tenure of land ‘by copy’, i.e. according to the ‘copy’ of the manorial court-roll, used _fig._ Macbeth, iii. 2. 38.

=coracine,= a kind of fish like a perch, found in the Nile. Middleton, Game at Chess, v. 3. 10. L. _coracinus_, Gk. κορακῖνος, from κόραξ, a raven, from its black colour.

=corant;= see =courant.=

=coranto,= a quick dance. Hen. V, iii. 5. 33; Shirley, Lady of Pleasure, iii. 2 (Kickshaw). Ital. _coranto_, ‘a kinde of French dance’ (Florio); cp. F. _courante_, ‘a curranto’ (Cotgr.). See =courant.=

=corasive,= a sharp remedy, severe reproach. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 154). See =corsive.=

=corbe,= short for =corbel.= Only in Spenser, F. Q. iv. 10. 6.

=corbe, courbe,= bent, crooked. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 56. ME. _courbe_ (Gower, C. A. i. 1687). F. _courbe_, L. _curvus_.

=corbed up,= (prob.) controlled, as by a curb, curbed. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo).

=cordwain,= Spanish leather, orig. made at Cordova. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 6; Drayton, Eclogues, iv. 177. Spelt _cordevan_, Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, i. 1. 21. Span. _cordován_, Spanish leather (Stevens).

=coresie,= vexation, a corroding, gnawing annoyance. Tusser, Husbandry, § 19. 24. In prov. use in Cornwall, see EDD. (s.v. Corrosy). F. _corrosif_ (Cotgr.); for the change of suffix, cp. _hasty_, the E. representative of F. _hastif_. See =corsive.=

=corned,= horned, peaked, pointed; said of shoes. Skelton, Maner of the World, 26; Greene, Description of Chaucer, 13; ed. Dyce, p. 320. Cp. F. _corné_, horned (Cotgr.).

=cornel,= a little grain, granule; ‘Bread is of many _cornels_ compounded’, Conflict of Conscience, iv. 1 (Philologus); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 83.

=cornel,= a javelin made of cornel-wood. Used to translate L. _cornus_, Dryden, tr. Aeneid, xii. 406.

=cornelian,= the fruit of the cornel-tree. Bacon, Essay 46, § 1.

=cornes,= pl. kinds of corn; corn. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 8, back, 4; lf. 88. 14.

=cornet,= a troop of horse; so called from its standard, which was a long horn-shapen pennon. 1 Hen. VI, iv. 3. 25; Kyd, Span. Tragedy, i. 2. 41. F. _cornette_, ‘a Cornet of Horse; the Ensign of a horse-company’ (Cotgr.).

=cornet,= a head-dress formerly worn by ladies; ‘Her cornet blacke’, Surrey, Complaint that his Ladie kept her face hidden, 2; in Tottel’s Misc., p. 12. F. _cornette_, a horned head-dress; dim. of _corne_, a horn.

=cornet,= some kind of ornament (?); ‘With cornets at their footmen’s breeches’, Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 872.

=cornuto,= a cuckold. Merry Wives, iii. 5. 71. Ital. _cornuto_, a cuckold; lit. ‘furnished with horns’ (Florio).

=coronal,= a wreath of flowers, a garland. Fletcher, Faith. Shepherdess, i. 1. 11; Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 53.

=coronel,= a ‘colonel’. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 656, l. 9; _lieutenant-coronel_, B. Jonson, Every Man, iii. 5 (Knowell). Span. _coronel_, Ital. _colonello_, ‘a Colonel of a Regiment’ (Florio); a deriv. of _colonna_, cp. F. _colonne_ de troupes, a column, a formation of troops narrow laterally and deep from front to rear; see Hatzfeld.

=correption,= reproof, rebuke. Udall, tr. of Apoph., Philip, § 30: Augustus, § 12. L. _correptio_; deriv. of _corripere_, to reprove.

=corrigidor, corregidor,= a Spanish magistrate. Machin, Dumb Knight, v. 1 (Cyprus); Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 13. 58. See Stanford.

=corrol,= to crimson, to make like ‘coral’; ‘The . . . sunne _corrols_ his cheeke’, Herrick, A Nuptial Verse to Mistress E. Lee, 4.

=corser,= a dealer, esp. a horse-dealer. Fitzherbert, Husbandry, § 119. 15; spelt _courser_, Beaumont and Fl., The Captain, v. 1 (Father). ME. _corser_, Wyclif, Works (ed. 1880, p. 172); _corsowre of horse_, ‘mange’ (Prompt. 94), Anglo-F. _cossour_, A.D. 1310, see Riley’s Memorials of London, Pref., p. xxii, Med. L. _cociatorem_, a broker, factor, dealer, cp. _cocio_ (Ducange). The Ital. _cozzone_, a horse-courser (Florio), is from _coctionem_, a later form of _cocionem_, see Diez, 112.

=corsive,= for _corrosive_; anything that corrodes, grief, distress. B. Jonson, Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1. 7; Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 14; Drayton, Barons’ Wars, iv. 14. See =coresie.=

=cortine,= a curtain (military term); a plain wall in a fortification; the wall between two bastions, &c. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iv. 1 (P. Can.). F. _courtine_ (_cortine_), a curtain; and (in fortification) the plainness of the wall between bulwark and bulwark (Cotgr.); in the same sense Ital. _cortina_ (Florio).

=coscinomancy,= divination by means of a sieve. From Gk. κόσκινον, a sieve; and suffix _-mancy_, as in _necro-mancy_, &c. Hence the compound _necro-puro-geo-hydro-cheiro-coscino-mancy_. Tomkis, Albumazar, ii. 3 (Alb.), where _puro-_ should be _pyro-_. Sometimes the sieve was suspended by a thread; otherwise, it was used in conjunction with a pair of shears, as described in Brand, Popular Antiq. iii. 351; cp. Butler, Hudibras, ii, 3. 569.

=coshering,= the right claimed by Irish chiefs of quartering themselves upon their dependants. Davies, Why Ireland (ed. 1747, 169); feasting, Shirley, St. Patrick, v. 1 (2 Soldier); also, _coshery_, feasting, Stanyhurst tr. Virgil, Aeneid i, 707. Spenser in his State of Ireland mentions _cosshirh_ as one of the customary services claimed by the Irish Lord (ed. Morris. 623). Ir. _cóisir_, feasting, entertainment (Dinneen). ‘In modern times coshering means simply a friendly visit to a neighbour’s house to have a quiet talk’, Joyce, English as we speak it in Ireland, 240.

=cosier;= see =cozier.=

=cosset,= a pet lamb. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Nov., 42; also _fig._ B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Mrs. Litt.). In prov. use in Glouc., E. Anglia, and Kent, meaning a lamb or colt brought up by hand, also, an indulged child, a pet animal (EDD.).

=cost,= the rib of a ship. B. Jonson, Staple of News, iii. 1 (Cymbal). L. _costa_ (navium) (Pliny).

=cost;= see =coast.=

=costard,= the head. Applied jocularly to the head, as being like a very large apple. ME. _costard_, an apple; lit. a ‘ribbed’ apple; from OF. _coste_, L. _costa_, a rib. Hence _costard-monger_ or _coster-monger_, orig. a seller of apples. See EDD.

=coste,= to move beside; to keep up with a hunted animal. Morte Arthur, leaf 382, back, 19; bk. xviii, c. 19. See =coast.=

=cot, cott,= a little boat. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 9. Many places in Ireland derive their names from this ‘cot’; see Joyce. Irish Names of Places, i. 226. Still in use in the north of Ireland, see EDD. (s.v. Cot, sb.^{4}). Irish _coit_, _coite_, a small boat, a skiff (Dinneen), Gael. _coit_, a kind of canoe used on rivers (Macleod).

=cote, coat= (in coursing), of one of two dogs running together: to pass by its fellow so as to give the hare a turn (NED.); _fig._ to pass by, to outstrip. Hamlet, ii. 2. 330; L. L. L. iv. 3. 87; Chapman, Iliad, xxiii. 324; _coat_, the action of coting, Drayton, Pol. xxiii (ed. 1748, p. 356).

=cote,= to quote. Udall, Paraph. N.T., Pref. (NED.); Middleton, A Mad World, i.2 (Cour.).

=cothurnal,= tragic; ‘Cothurnal buskins’, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca). L. _cothurnus_; Gk. κόθορνος, a high boot. The _cothurnus_ was worn by actors of tragedy.

=cot-quean,= the housewife of a labourer’s hut. Nashe, Almond for Parrat, 5; a coarse, vulgar, scolding woman, B. Jonson, Poetaster, iv. 3 (Jupiter addressing Juno); used contemptuously of a man who acts the housewife, and busies himself unduly in household matters, Romeo, iv. 4. 9; Addison, Spect. (1712) No. 482; spelt _quot-quean_, Beaumont and Fl., Love’s Cure, ii. 2. 6; _to play the cotqueane_, Heywood, Gunaik. iv. 180 (NED.). Cp. use of _cot_ and _molly-cot_ in Cheshire and Yorkshire, see EDD. (s.v. Cot, sb.^{1} 1).

=Cotswold,= pronounced _Cotsal_ in Shaks., Fol. 1, Merry Wives, i. 1. 93; _a Cotsal man_, an athletic man, such as lived in the Cotswold Hills, a district famous for athletic sports, 2 Hen. IV, iii. 2. 23; _a Cotsold lion_, a humorous expression for a sheep of that country, Udall, Roister Doister (ed. Arber, 70), iv. 6 (Merygreek). ‘As fierce as a lion of Cotswold, i.e. a sheep’, Fuller’s Worthies (Bohn’s Proverbs, 204).

=cotton:= in phr. _this geer_ (or _gear_) _will cotton_, this stuff will come to a good nap, this thing will succeed. Fletcher, Mons. Thomas, iv. 8 (Thomas); Middleton, Inner Temple Masque (Second Antimasque).

=couch,= to place, arrange, order. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § 6; to cause to cower, Lucrece, 507; to place a lance in rest, 1 Hen. VI, iii. 2. 134.

=couch:= in phr. _to couch a hogshead_, to lie down and sleep. (Cant.) Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Song); Harman, Caveat, p. 84.

=couchee,= an evening court-reception. Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 516; ‘The King’s Couchée’, Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 1; the equivalent of _Le Coucher du Roi_, or simply _Le Coucher_, the reception which preceded the king’s going to bed. Cp. Dict. Acad. Fr. 1786 (s.v. Coucher, s.m.), ‘Il se trouve au lever et au coucher du Roi.’ For the E. form of the word compare our _levee_ for F. _lever_, ‘réception dans la chambre d’un roi au moment où il se lève’ (Hatzfeld).

=couch-quail, to play.= The same as _to couch as a quail_; to cower, crouch down; see Thersytes, 20; Skelton, Speke Parrot, 420. Cp. Chaucer’s ‘Thou shalt make him couche as dooth a quaille’ (C. T. E. 1206).

=coul,= to trim the feather of an arrow along the top. Ascham, Toxophilus, pp. 128, 129, 131, 133. Cp. _cowl_, to gather, collect, scrape together, a north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, vb.^{2} 1).

=could, coud, couth,= _pt. t._, knew, knew how to. Spenser, F. Q. v. 7. 5; Shep. Kal., Jan., 10. (Common). See =can.=

=couleuvre,= a snake. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 92. 21; spelt _couleure_, id., lf. 91, back, 19. F. _couleuvre_.

=countant,= accountant; liable to be called upon to give account. Heywood, Rape of Lucrece, i. 1 (Tarquin).

=countenance,= bearing, demeanour, behaviour; authority, favour, credit; show of politeness. As You Like It, i. 1. 19; Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 234; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 33; Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3 (end). The senses are variable and elusive.

=counter,= an encounter. Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 207.

=counter,= a counter-tenor voice. Witch of Edmonton, ii. 1 (3 Clown). See the context.

=counter, compter,= a prison, chiefly for debtors, attached to a city court; ‘One o’ your city pounds, the counters’, B. Jonson, Every Man, ii. 1 (Downright). The sheriffs of London had each his compter; one was in the Poultry, the other in Wood Street, Cheapside. There were three degrees of rooms for the prisoners: those on the Master’s side (the best), the Twopenny Ward, and the Hole (for the poorest), Middleton, Roaring Girl, iii. 3 (Sir Alexander). Those in the Hole were fed from ‘the basket’; see =basket.= Note that, according to Gascoigne, there were _three_ Counters, the third being in Bread Street. ‘In Woodstreat, Bredstreat, and in Pultery’, Steel Glas, 791. In Stow’s Survey of London ‘the Compter in the Poultrie’ is mentioned (ed. Thoms, p. 99), and ‘the Compter in Bread Street’ (ib., p. 131).

=counterfeit,= a likeness, portrait, Merch. Ven. iii. 2. 115; Timon, v. 1. 83. Phr. _a pair of counterfeits_, used in the sense of vamps, or fore-parts of the upper leather of a shoe, Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, iv. 2 (Firk).

=counterfesaunce,= counterfeiting, dissimulation. Spencer, F. Q. i. 8. 49; iv. 4. 27. OF. _contrefaisance_, counterfeiting (Godefroy).

=countermure,= to wall round, to fence in. Kyd, Span. Tragedy, iii. 7. 16. F. _contremurer_, Ital. ‘_contramurare_, to countermure’ (Florio).

=counterpoint,= a counterpane for a bed. Tam. Shrew, ii. 1. 353. F. ‘_contrepoinct_, a quilt, counterpoint’ (Cotgr.). See Dict. (s.v. Counterpane).

=counterscarf,= a ‘counterscarp’, or outer wall or slope of the ditch, which supports the covered way of a fort. Heywood, Four Prentises (Godfrey); vol. ii, p. 242; id. London’s Mirror, fourth Show. F. _contrescarpe_ (Rabelais), Ital. _contrascarpa_; see Estienne, Préc. 351; _scarpa_, slope of a wall.

=county,= a count, as a title, Romeo, i. 3. 105; Merch. Venice, i. 2. 48. (Frequent.)

=couped,= cut, cut clean off, with a smooth edge (in heraldry). Butler, Hudibras, iii. 3. 214. F. _couper_, to cut.

=coupee,= a dance step; the dancer rests on one foot, and passes the other forward or backward, with a sort of salutation. Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, iii. 1; Steele, Tender Husband, iii. 1 (Mrs. Clerimont). F. _coupé_, ‘mouvement par lequel on coupe un espace; (Danse) Pas composé d’un plié avec changement de pied suivi d’un glissé’ (Hatzfeld).

=cour,= to cover; _Pt. t._, _courd_; Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 9. See NED. (s.v. Cover).

=courant,= a dance with a running or gliding step; a coranto. Etherege, Man of Mode, iv. 1 (Sir Fopling); Steele, Tender Husband, i. 2 (Tipkin). See =coranto.=

=courant, corant,= an express message; a newspaper. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, i. 1 (Sir Moth); Underwoods, lxi. 81. F. _courant_, running, a runner; from _courir_, to run.

=coursing,= succession in due ‘course’. Only in the following passage: ‘My Ladye Mary and my Ladye Elizabeth . . . by succession and course are inheritours to the crowne. Who yf they shulde mary with straungers, what should ensue God knoweth. But God graunt they never come vnto _coursyng_ nor succedynge.’ Latimer, 1 Sermon bef. King (ed. Arber, p. 30).

=courteau;= see =curtal.=

=court holy-water,= a proverbial phrase for flattery, and fine words without deeds; ‘Court holy-water in a dry house is better than this rainwater out o’ door’, King Lear, iii. 2. 10; ‘Her unperformed promise was the first court holy-water which she sprinkled amongst the people’, Fuller, Ch. Hist. viii. 1. 6; ‘Court-holy-water, _Promissa rei expertia, fumus aulicus_’, Coles, 1699; ‘_Eau beniste de cour_, court holy-water, fair words, flattering speeches’, Cotgrave. See Nares.

Also, =court holy bread;= ‘He feeds thee with nothing but court holy bread, good words’, Dekker and Webster, Westward Ho, ii. 3 (M. Honeysuckle).

=courtnoll, courtnold,= a contemptuous term for a courtier. Peele, Sir Clyomon, ed. Dyce, p. 516; Heywood, 1 Edw. IV (Hobs), vol. i, p. 51 From _court_, and _noll_, the head, hence, a person (_nowl_ in Shakespeare).

=court-passage,= a game at dice. Middleton, Women beware, ii. 2 (Guardiano). See =passage.=

=coustreling,= a lad, knave, groom. Only in Udall, Roister Doister, i. 4 (Merygreek). See =coistril.=

=covenable,= fit, suitable, becoming, of becoming appearance; ‘A sonne called Philip, a right covenable and gracious man’, Berners, Froissart, ccclxxix. 635; Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 11, § 6. OF. and Prov. _convenable_ (_cov-_). ME. _covenable_, fit, proper, suitable, agreeable (Chaucer).

=covent,= a ‘convent’. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 849; Meas. for M. iv. 3. 133. ME. _covent_ (Chaucer, C. T. B. 1827). The old form remains in ‘Covent Garden’. Anglo-F. _cuvent_ (Rough List).

=cover:= phr. _be covered_, put on your hat. As You Like It, v. 1. 18; Middleton, No Wit like a Woman’s, i. 3 (Sir O. Twi.). (There are endless compliments about wearing a hat in old plays.)

=covert:= phr. _under covert-baron_, in the condition of a woman who is protected by her husband. Middleton, Your Five Gallants, v. 2 (Miss N.); _under covert-barn_, under protection, Phoenix, iii. 1 (Falso). Anglo-F. _feme couverte baroun_, for _couverte de baroun_, a woman protected by her husband (Rough List). See Cowell, Interp. (s.v. Coverture).

=covetise,= covetousness. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Subtle); Kyd, Cornelia, i. l. 26. ME. _covetyse_, ‘avaricia’ (Prompt.), Anglo-F. _coveitise_, cp. Ital. _cupidigia_ (Dante).

=cowardry,= cowardice. Surrey, tr. of Aeneid, ii. 511; _cowardree_, Spenser, Mother Hubberd’s Tale, 986.

=cowith,= the commonest form of Welsh bardic verse, Drayton, Pol. iv. 183 (notes 59 and 67). Wel. _cywydd_.

=cowl-staff, coul-staff, cole-staff,= a stout pole orig. used for carrying a ‘cowl’ or tub, esp. a water-tub; ‘Cudgels, colestaves’, Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, i. 1 (Tranio); Merry Wives, iii. 3. 156; Select Records Oxford, 92. _Cowl_, for a large tub or barrel, is in prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cowl, sb.^{2} 1 and 2). ME. _cowle_ (Prompt., in Harl. MS.).

=cowshard,= a piece of cowdung. Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 19; ‘_Bouse de vache_, the dung of a cow, a cow-shard’, Cotgrave. In use in Yorks., Lanc., Derby., and Wilts. (EDD.).

=coxcomb,= a fool’s cap; lit. _cock’s comb_. King Lear, i. 4. 105; also jocularly, the head, ib. ii. 4. 125.

=coy,= to render quiet, appease. Palsgrave; to stroke soothingly, to caress, Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 2; _to coy it_, to behave coyly, to affect shyness, Massinger, New Way, iii. 2. OF. _coi_, still, quiet, O. Prov. _quet_, ‘coi, tranquille’ (Levy), Romanic type _quetu-_, L. _quiētum_. See =quoying.=

=coystrel.= In Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 1119, a corrupt form of ‘kestrel’ (a base kind of hawk).

=coystril;= see =coistril.=

=cozier, cosier,= a cobbler. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 97; ‘A cosier or cobler, _remendón_’, Minsheu, Span. Dict. 1599. OF. _cousere_, a seamster, one who sews (Godefroy), _couseör_, acc., O. Prov. _cozedor_, ‘couturier’ (Levy); deriv. from _cosere_, to sew, Romanic type representing L. _consuere_, to sew together; see Hatzfeld.

=craboun,= corrupt form of ‘carbine’. ‘Discharge thy craboun’, Return from Parnassus, iv. 2 (Ingenioso).

=craccus,= a kind of tobacco. Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, iv. 1 (Trimtram); Beaumont and Fl., Woman’s Prize, i. 2 (Livia); where ed. 1625 has _cracus_ (mod. ed. _crocus_). NED. suggests that the word means tobacco of Caraccas, in Venezuela.

=crack,= a pert, forward boy. B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, Induct. (3 Child); Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Usher). Hence _your crackship_, address to a page, Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 1 (Hippolito). _Crack-halter_, playfully ‘a rogue’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 30; Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 4 (Song). Also _crack-hempe_, Tam. Shrew, v. 1. 46; and _crack-rope_, ‘_Baboin_, a crack-rope, wag-halter, unhappie rogue, retchlesse villaine’, Cotgrave; Edwards, Damon and Pithias, in Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88 (Hazlitt, iv. 68).

=crack,= to talk big, boast, brag. L. L. L. iv. 3. 268; spelt _crake_, Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 50; Sir Thos. More, i. 2. 29. Hence _cracker_, boaster, King John, ii. 1. 147. The vb. _crack_ in this sense is in prov. use in Scotland and in England in the north country, Midlands, and E. Anglia. ME. _crakyn_, to boast; ‘_crakere_, bost-maker’ (Prompt. EETS. 393).

=crack,= to damage, impair. Phr. _cracked within the ring_, said of a coin cracked at the rim; but constantly used with reference to impaired virginity. Hamlet, ii. 2. 448; Beaumont and Fl., Captain, ii. 1 (Jacomo). The _ring_ was the inmost circle around the inscription; a piece cracked _within_ that ring could be legally refused, and was no longer current.

=crackmans,= a hedge. (Cant.) ‘At the crackmans’, beside the hedge, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (Jackman). See NED.

=crag,= the neck. Spenser, Shep. Kal., Feb., 82, Sept., 45. A north-country word, see EDD. (s.v. Crag, sb.^{3}).

=craggue,= a lean, scraggy person. Only in Udall, tr. of Apoph., Diogenes, § 150.

=crake;= see =crack.=

=crambe,= cabbage, in literary use only _fig._, and gen. in reference to the L. phrase _crambe repetita_, cabbage served up again, applied by Juvenal (Sat. vii. 154) to any tedious repetition. ‘Our Prayers . . . the same Crambe of words’, Milton, Animadv. ii.; Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, last §. Gk. κράμβη, a kind of cabbage.

=crambe, crambo,= a game in which one player gives a word or a line of a poem to which each of the others has to find a rime; if any one repeated a previous suggestion he had to pay a forfeit; ‘Crambe, another of the Divells games’, B. Jonson, Devill an Ass, v. 5; ‘Playing at Crambo in the waggon’, Pepys, Diary (May 20, 1660).

†=cramocke,= a crooked stick. Mirror for Mag., Madan, st. 6. Corrupt form of =cammock.=

=cramp-ring,= a ring supposed to be a remedy against cramp, falling sickness, and the like; esp. one of those which the Kings of England used to hallow on Good Friday for this purpose. Boorde, Introd. (ed. Furnivall, p. 121); Berners, Letter in Brand Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1813, l. 129); Middleton, Roaring Girl, iv. 2 (Mis. O.); Cartwright, The Ordinary, iii. 1 (Moth).

=cramp-stone,= the stone in a ‘cramp-ring’. Massinger, The Picture, v. 1.

=cranewes,= pl., embrasures between battlements; crannies, apertures. ‘Cranewes of the walls of the city’; North, tr. of Plutarch, M. Brutus, § 23 (in Shak. Plut., p. 131); id., M. Antonius, § 42 (in Shak. Plut., p. 222). OF. _creneaux_, pl. of _crenel_, a battlement, an embrasure, see Estienne, Préc. 358.

=Cranion,= a proper name given to a fly, the charioteer of Queen Mab; ‘Fly Cranion, her charioteer, Upon her coach-box getting’, Drayton, Nymphidia, st. 17. _Sir Cranion-legs_, thin legs, like a fly or spider; B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, i. 1 (Quarlous).

=crank,= lively, brisk, merry; also as _adv._; ‘_Joyeux_, as crank as a cock-sparrow’, Cotgrave; Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 46; Middleton, Trick to Catch the Old One, i. 3 (end); Beaumont and Fl., Wit at several Weapons, iii. 1 (Gregory); Sea-Voyage, iv. 3. 2. _Crank_ is used in this sense in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crank, adj.^{2}). _Crankly_, briskly, Peele, Tale of Troy (ed. Dyce, p. 552).

=crank,= a beggar who shams illness. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1. 4. See Harman, Caveat, p. 51. Du. _krank_, ill, sick.

=crank,= to run in a winding course, to twist and turn about. Venus and Ad. 682; 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 98; a winding path, Coriolanus, i. 1. 143; _cranks_, pl. bends, turnings, Two Noble Kinsmen, i. 2. 28; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 52.

=crankle,= to twist and turn about. Drayton, Pol. vii. 198; xii. 572; ‘_Serpenter_, to wriggle, wagle, crankle’, Cotgrave. A Leicestersh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Crankling).

†=crapish= (meaning unknown); ‘Scandalous and crapish’, Otway, Soldier’s Fortune, i. 1 (3 W.). Only in this place.

=crash,= a merry bout, a revel. Heywood, A Woman killed, i. 2. 5. See EDD. (s.v. Crash, sb.^{1} 4).

=cratch,= a crib, manger; ‘The Coffin of our Christmas Pies in shape long is in imitation of the Cratch’, Selden, Table-talk (ed. Arber, 33); ‘Cratche for hors or oxen, _creche_’, Palsgrave; ‘_Presepio_, a cratch, a rack, a manger, a crib or a critch’, Florio. In prov. use in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Cratch sb.^{1} 1 and 2). ME. _cracche_ (_cratche_), so Wyclif, Is. i. 3, and Luke ii. 7. OF. _creche_, O. Prov. _crepia_, _crepcha_ (Levy).

=cratch,= to scratch; ‘I cratche with my nayles’, Palsgrave. ME. _cracche_, to scratch (Chaucer, C. T. A. 2834.).

=craze,= to break, crack, burst. Richard III, iv. 4. 17; ‘Craze bars’, Heywood, The Fair Maid, iii. 4 (Bess); ‘God will craze their chariot wheels’, Milton, P. L. xii. 210. Still in use in the west country in the sense of to ‘crack’, said of glass, china, or church bells (EDD.).

=creak;= see =cry creak.=

=creancer, creauncer,= one to whom is entrusted the charge of another; a guardian; a tutor. Skelton, ed. Dyce, i. 129, l. 102; id. Garl. of Laurell, 1226. Deriv. of OF. _creance_, belief, trust, Med. L. _credentia_, ‘fides data’ (Ducange).

=creeking;= see =kreking.=

=creeple,= a cripple. BIBLE, Acts xiv. 8 (1611). ME. _crepel_, _crepul_ (Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. 1458). OE. _crēopel_, a cripple (B. T., Suppl. s.v. _crypel_).

=creme,= chrism, the sacred oil used for anointing kings at coronation; ‘A kynge enoynted with creme’, Morte Arthur, leaf 202. 36; bk. ix, c. 39. ME. _creme_, chrism, OF. _creme_, _cresme_ (mod. _chrême_). L. _chrisma_, Gk. χρῖσμα, anointing oil.

=cres’,= a crest. Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 351. A peculiar form, to rime with _grease_. See Dict. (s.v. Crease).

=crescive,= growing. Hen. V, i. 1. 66.

=crevis,= a crayfish. Appius and Virginia, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 118. ‘Crevisse’ is a north-country word (EDD.). OF. _crevice_, _crevisse_, see Hatzfeld (s.v. Écrevisse).

=crib= (Cant); ‘To fill up the crib and to comfort the quarron’, Brome, Jovial Crew, ii. 1 (Song). Meaning doubtful. Perhaps the same word as _crib_, a manger; used _fig._ for the stomach as a place for provender.

=crimp,= an obsolete card-game. B. Jonson, Magn. Lady, ii. 1 (Lady L.). See NED.

=crinet,= a hair. Gascoigne, Works, i. 101. Dimin. of F. _crin_, hair; L. _crinis_.

=cringle-crangle,= _adj._, winding, curled; ‘Cringle-crangle horns’ (i.e. bugles), Chapman, Gent. Usher, i. 1 (Vincentio).

=crippin,= part of a hood for ladies. Spelt _crepine_, _crespine_. Lyly, Mydas, i. 2 (Licio). F. _crespine_, ‘the Crepine of a French hood’ (Cotgr.).

=crisled, crizzled,= roughened, shrivelled with cold. Ford, Sun’s Darling, v. 1 (Winter). In Northampton, water that is slightly frozen is ‘just _crizzled_ over’, see EDD. (s.v. Crizzle).

=crispie,= rippled, rippling; ‘Thy crispie tides’, Kyd, Cornelia, iv. 2. 15.

=croach,= to grasp, seek after; ‘My life and th’ empire he did croach and crasse’, Mirror for Mag., Geta, st. 10. Hence, _croacher_, a seeker after. In compound _crowne-croachers_, Mirror for Mag., Rudacke, Lennoy, st. 2. OF. _crocher_, to catch with a hook.

=croches,= the ‘buds’ or knobs at the top of a stag’s horn; ‘These little buddes or broches which are about the toppe are called Croches’, Turbervile, Hunting, 54; Stanyhurst, Aeneid i, 194.

=crocheteur,= a porter. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iii. 2 (Longueville). F. _crocheteur_, ‘a porter or common burthen-bearer’; _crochet_, ‘a hook; _le crochet d’un crocheteur_, the forke or crooked staffe, used by a porter’ (Cotgr.).

=crock,= to put by in a crock or pot. Lyly, Mother Bombie, iii. 2. 2.

=crockling,= a croaking noise; used of the noise made by cranes. Phaer, tr. of Aeneid, x. 265.

=crofte,= a crypt; ‘A crofte under the mynster’, Morte Arthur, leaf 258*, back, 18; bk. xvii, c. 18. Du. _krocht_, _krochte_. Med. L. _crupta_ (Ducange), L. _crypta_; Gk. κρυπτή, a crypt, a place of hiding.

=croisado,= a crusade; ‘Your great croisado general’ (i.e. the general of your great crusade), Butler, Hudibras, iii. 2. 1200.

=crome,= a long stick with a hook at the end of it; ‘Long cromes’, Paston Letters, no. 77; vol. i, p. 106 (1872); Tusser, Husbandry, § 17. 19. In prov. use in E. Anglia (EDD.). Cp. Du. _kramme_, ‘a hooke, or a grapple’ (Hexham).

=crone,= an old ewe. Tusser, Husbandry, § 12, st. 4; Gascoigne, Fruites of Warre, st. 63. An E. Anglian and Essex word, see EDD. (s.v. Crone, sb.^{1} 1).

=cronet,= a coronet. Warner, Albion’s England, bk. ix, ch. 48, l. 51. Also, a part of the armour of a horse; Shirley, Triumph of Peace (Works, ed. Dyce, vi. 261).

=croshabell,= a courtesan. Peele, Works, ed. Dyce, p. 616, last line; and in a title, p. 615, col. 1. A Kentish word (EDD.).

=croslet, crosslet,= a crucible. Lyly, Gallathea, ii. 3; B. Jonson, Alchem., i. 1 (Face). ME. _croslet_ (Chaucer, C. T. G. 1147). Dimin. of OF. _crosel_, O. Prov. _cruzol_, crucible (Levy).

=cross,= a piece of money; many coins had a cross on one side. As You Like It, ii. 4. 12; 2 Hen. IV, i. 2. 257.

=cross and pile,= the obverse and reverse side of a coin, head and (or) tail; hence, sometimes, a coin, money; ‘He had neither cross nor pile’, Sidney, Disc. Govt. (ed. 1704, p. 362); head or tail, i.e. ‘tossing up’, to decide anything doubtful; Wycherley, Love in a Wood, iii. 2 (Ranger); Return from Parnassus, ii. 1. 768; A Cure for a Cuckold, iv. 8 (Clare). Anglo-F. ‘jewer (jouer) _a cros a Pil_,’ A.D. 1327, see NED. ‘Les pièces de monnaie portaient une croix sur leur face, d’où l’expression: n’avoir _ni croix ni pile_’ (to have neither cross nor pile), see Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais (s.v. Croix).

=cross-bite,= to bite in return, to cheat. Marston, What you Will, iii. 2. 279; iii. 3. 129. Hence, _cross-biter_, a swindler, Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii. 3 (Goldstone).

=cross-lay,= a cheating wager. Middleton, The Black Book, ed. Dyce, v. 542.

=cross-point,= a particular step in dancing. Marston, Insatiate Countess, i. 1 (Rogers); Greene, King James IV, iv. 3 (Slipper, l. 1638).

=cross-row,= the alphabet; ‘And from the Crosse-row pluckes the letter G’, Richard III, i. 1. 55. Short for _Christ-cross-row_, so called from the figure of the cross (✠) formerly prefixed to it. Still in use in Essex, acc. to EDD. (s.v. Cross, II. (45)). See =Christ-cross.=

=cross-tree,= the gallows; ‘A cross-tree that never grows’ [because made of dead wood], Ford, Fancies Chaste, i. 2 (Spadone); the cross, Herrick, Noble Numbers, His Anthem to Christ, l. 14.

=crotch,= the fork of the human body, where the legs join the trunk. Greene, Verses against the Gentlewomen of Sicilia, l. 12; ed. Dyce, p. 316. An E. Anglian word, see EDD. (s.v. Crotch, sb.^{1}). OF. (Picard) _croche_, ‘entaillure’ (La Curne).

=croteys,= the dung of hares and rabbits; ‘Of Hares and Coneys, they are called _Croteys_’, Turbervile, Hunting, c. 37, p. 97. F. _crottes_, ‘the dung, excrements or ordure of Sheep, Conies, Hares, etc.’ (Cotgr.).

=crouse, crowse,= brisk, lively, merry, Drayton, Eclogue vii, 73; Brome, Jovial Crew, i. 1 (1 Beggar). In common prov. use in Scotland and in the north of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crouse, adj.^{1} 4).

=crow,= the well-known bird. In alchemy, at a certain stage of the work, there would sometimes be an appearance like a crow; it was considered a very favourable sign; see B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).

=crowchmas,= the day of the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3. Tusser, § 50. 36; _Crowchemesse Day_; Paston Letters, no. 472, end (ii. 132, 1872). ‘At Crowchmesse, _a la saincte Croyx_’, Palsgrave. ME. _cruche_, the cross of Christ; ‘Crepe to cruche on lange fridai’, Trin. Coll. Hem. 95 (NED.); ‘And meny crouche on hus cloke’, P. Plowman, C. viii. 167; _cruche_, id., B. v. 529; _cros_, id., A. vi. 13. We may perhaps compare OF. _croche_, the Picard form of OF. _croce_, a crosier; Ch. Rol. 1670; Med. L. _crocia_, _crochia_, ‘baculus pastoralis’ (Ducange).

=crown of the sun,= a French gold coin. Massinger, Unnat. Combat, i. 1 (Mont.); ‘_Escu sol_, a crown of the sun; the best kind of crown that is now made’, Cotgrave.

=crowner,= a coroner. Hamlet, v. 1. 4. In gen. prov. use (EDD.).

=crow-trodden,= abused, humiliated. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iv. 4 (Rutilio). See NED. (s.v. Crow-tread).

=cruddes,= curds; ‘A messe of cruddes’, Gosson, School of Abuse, p. 18; ‘Cruddes, _coagulum_’, Levins, Manip.; Baret, Alvearie. In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Crud). _Crud_ is related to _crowd_, to press close, see EDD. (s.v. Crowd, vb.^{1} 3).

=crudded,= reduced to a curd-like mass, Heywood, Silver Age (Cerberus). ME. _cruddyd_, ‘coagulatus’ (Prompt.).

=cruddle, crudle,= to curdle; ‘Cruddled me like cheese’, BIBLE, Job x. 10 (1611); Beaumont and Fl., The False One, iii. 2. 2; King and No King, i. 1; Marston, Antonia, Pt. I, i. 1 (Antonio). In prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and in various parts of England (EDD.).

=crumenall;= ‘The fat oxe that wont ligge in the stall, Is now fast stalled in her (=their) crumenall’, Spenser, Shep. Kal., Sept., 119. Apparently in sense ‘purse’ or ‘pouch’ (NED.).

=crusoile,= a crucible. Marston, Insatiate Countess, i. 1 (Rogers). OF. _croisuel_. See Hatzfeld (s.v. Creuset).

=cruzado, crusado,= the name of a Portuguese gold coin, of variable value. Othello, iii. 4. 26; White Devil (Vittoria), ed. Dyce, p. 23. So called from the cross on one side of it.

=cry:= phr. _a cry of hounds_, a pack of hounds. Webster, Devil’s Law-case, ii. 1 (Sanitonella). Hence _cry_, a pack (of hounds), Mids. Night’s D. iv. 1. 128; _cry of curs_, pack of curs, Cor. iii. 3. 120. _Without all cry_, beyond all description, Chapman, Blind Beggar, p. 4.

=cry creak,= to confess oneself beaten or in error; to give up the contest, to give in. Thersites, 100 (ed. Pollard, Misc. Plays); Tusser, Husbandry, § 47. 2; T. Watson, Centuries of Love, i (ed. Arber, 37); Damon and Pithias, Anc. Eng. Drama, i. 88; ‘_Palinodiam canere_, to turne taile, to cry creake’, Withal, Dict. (ed. 1634).

=cucking-stool,= an engine for the punishment of scolds, by ducking them in the water. B. Jonson, Barth. Fair, ii. 1 (Quarlous); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 740. See Cowell, Interpreter, 1637; Brand, Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1877, p. 641).

=cuckquean,= a female cuckold. Golding, tr. of Ovid, Met. vi. 606 (Latin text); ed. 1603. Spelt _cockqueene_; Warner, Albion’s England, bk. i, ch. 4, st. 1.

=cuck-stool,= an old punishment for scolds; the offender was fastened in a kind of chair, and exposed to be jeered at, or was ducked in water. Also called a =cucking-stool,= q.v. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, ii. 1 (Petronius), Middleton, Fam. of Love, v. 1 (Glister).

=cucurbite,= a kind of retort used in alchemy. B. Jonson, Alchem. i. 1 (Face). Shaped like a gourd, L. _cucurbita_.

=cudden,= a born fool, dolt. Dryden, Cymon, 179; Sir Martin Mar-all, v. 3. Wycherley, Gentl. Dancing-master, iv. 1.

=cue,= a small portion. ‘A cue of bread and a cue of beer’, Middleton, The Black Book (near the end). ‘_Cue_, halfe a farthing, so called because they set down in the Battling or Butterie Books the letter _q_ for half a farthing,’ Minsheu; ‘Not worthe a cue’, Skelton, Magnyfycence, 36; ‘Worth ii. kues,’ id., Why Come ye Nat to Courte, 232. _Q._ for L. _quadrans_, the smallest coin. See =cee.=

=cuerpo, in,= in hose and doublet, without a cloak; stripped of the upper garment so as to display the body. Ben Jonson, New Inn, ii. 2 (Tipto); Fletcher, Love’s Pilgrimage, i. 1. 26. Span. _en cuerpo_, having nothing on but the shirt; _cuerpo_, body. See Stanford.

=cullisen, cullison,= ignorant pronunciations of cognisance. B. Jonson. Ev. Man out of Humour, i. 1 (Sogliardo); a badge, id., Case is altered, iv. 4 (Onion). See NED. (s.v. Cullisance).

=cully,= a dupe, a simpleton. Butler, Hudibras, ii. 2. 781; Otway, Cheats of Scapin, i. 1 (Scapin). [To make a fool of, to take in, Pope, Wife of Bath, 161.]

=culm,= summit; ‘On giddy top and culm’, Misfortunes of Arthur, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 313. G. _kulm_, a mountain-top; L. _culmen_.

=culme,= soot, smut. Golding, Metam. ii. 232; fol. 18, bk. (1603); as adj. sooty, black, id. vii. 529; fol. 86, bk. The same word as _coom_, coal-dust, soot, dirt,’ in prov. use in Scotland, Ireland, and various parts of England, see EDD. (s.v. Coom, sb.^{1} 1). ME. _culme_ (_colme_), ‘fuligo’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 477).

=culver-down,= dove’s down. Machin, Dumb Knight, iii. 1 (Epire). OE. _culfre_, a dove.

=curats,= a piece of armour for the body, a cuirass; ‘He casts away his curats and his shield’, Harington, Orl. Fur.; spelt _curets_, Chapman, Iliad iii, 343. Treated as pl., with a sing. _curat_, Spenser, F. Q. v. 8. 34. Cp. Ital. _corazza_, a cuirass (Florio). See Dict.

=curber,= a thief who hooks things through a window; an angler. Middleton, Roaring Girl, v. 1 (Moll). From _curb_, a cant word for a hook, see NED.

=curiosity,= nicety, fastidiousness, excessive, scrupulousness. Massinger, City Madam, i. 1 (Tradewell); ‘Concerning the enterring of her . . . I pray you let the same be performed without all curiositie and superstition’, Holland’s Plutarch, Morals, 533 (Bible Word-Book).

=curiousness,= punctilious scrupulousness. Massinger, Parl. of Love, i. 4 (Chamont); Unnat. Combat, iii. 4 (Beauf. Junior).

=curry,= a ‘quarry’, i.e. slaughtered game. Chapman, tr. Iliad, xvi. 145, 693. OF. _cuiree_, intestines of a slain animal; the part given to the hounds, so called because wrapped in the skin (_cuir_); O. Prov. _corada_, ‘entrailles’ (Levy). See NED. (s.v. Quarry, sb.^{1}).

=curry-favell,= one who solicits favour by flattery. Puttenham, _Eng. Poesie_, iii. 24 (ed. Arber, 299); ‘Curryfavell, a flatterer, _estrille faveau_’, Palsgrave; altered to _curry-favour_, ‘A number of prodigal currie favours’, Holinshed, Chron. ii. 144 (NED.); _Curriedow_, a curry-favour or flatterer, Phillips. In earlier English ‘Favel’ occurs as the proper name of a fallow-coloured horse. The fallow horse was proverbial as the type of hypocrisy and duplicity, with reference to the ‘equus pallidus’ of Apoc. vi. 8, which was explained as representing the hypocrites who gain a reputation for sanctity by the ascetic pallor of their faces (see Rom. Rose, 7391-8). With the phrase ‘to curry favel’ cp. OF. _estriller_, _torcher Fauvel_, adopted in German: _den fahlen Hengst streichen_. See NED. (s.v. Favel) for origin, and see =Favell.=

=cursen,= Christian; ‘As I am a cursen man’, Marlowe, Dr. Faustus, iv. 6 (Carter); ‘By my Cursen soule’, Brome, Sparagus Gard. iii. 7; ‘We be Cursenfolke’, id. iv. 5; _cursen name_, Christian name, Mrs. Behn, Feign’d Curtizan, i. 2; to christen, baptize; _cursen’d_, pp. christened, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, iv. 3 (Nan). For the pronunciation, see EDD. (s.v. Christen).

=curst,= cross, ill-tempered. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 185; Beaumont and Fl., Philaster, ii. 3 (Arethusa). In prov. use in the north and in the W. Midlands, see EDD. (s.v. Curst, 2).

=curtal,= having a docked tail; ‘Curtal dog’, Merry Wives, ii. 1. 114; said of a horse, All’s Well, ii. 3. 65. ‘Docke your horse tayle, and make hym a courtault’, Palsgrave; in form _courteau_, a horse with a docked tail, used as a term of derision, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Anaides). OF. _courtaut_, ‘écourté’ (Hatzfeld); _courtault_, ‘cheval ou chien de courte taille. On appelait aussi _courtault_ le chien ou le cheval qui avait la queue coupée’ (Jannet, Glossaire, Rabelais).

=curtana,= the sword of mercy, a pointless sword, carried before our kings at a coronation. Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 419. See Ducange, s.v. The name of the legendary sword of ‘Ogier le Danois’ was _Courtain_.

=cushes,= ‘cuisses’, pieces, of armour protecting the thighs. 1 Hen. IV, iv. 1. 105 (1596); Heywood, Iron Age,