Part 3

V. =The History of Egypt= occupies the fifth column. The opinions of scholars are greatly at variance with regard to the dates of the first eighteen dynasties, some of them differing by a thousand years. The ancient history of Egypt is divided into three sections. (1.) The Old Kingdom, founded by Menes perhaps 4700 B.C., and governed by ten dynasties in succession. (2.) The Middle Kingdom, from about 2900 B.C. to 1570 B.C., Dynasties XI. to XVII. (3.) The New Kingdom, from 1570 B.C. to 525 B.C., Dynasties XVII. to XXVII. Egypt was part of the Persian Empire from 525 to 332 B.C. After 323 B.C. it was governed by a line of Greek kings, who bore the name of Ptolemy, until 30 B.C., when it became a Roman province.

VI. =The Kingdoms of the East=, Babylonia and Assyria, appear on the sixth column; beginning with a number of states in Babylonia; becoming an empire under Hammurabi about 2280 B.C.; by turns strong and weak until about 1100 B.C., when the Assyrian empire arose, overpowering Babylon. The Assyrian Empire lasted until 625 B.C., when Babylon again arose to power, though the Chaldean Empire did not begin until 606 B.C. In 536 B.C. it fell before the Persian conquerors, and the whole world of the Bible was under Persian control until 330 B.C., when Alexander the Great won it. No world-empire arose after the death of Alexander, until the Roman period.

[Transcriber's Note: This time-line has been changed from the original layout due to width and text constraints. Originally, there were eight columns across with the Roman numeral major divisions noted below and the century marks ran down the left and right margins. The original is also color-coded to indicate eras of history such as the Roman Rule of Israel. To try to make this time-line still useful in a text format, each item from each column has been arranged in order with a letter indicating its original column title. This leads to some necessary repetion. For example:

[C] c. 1010. David, King. [D] 1010--David King over Judah.

because David was both a "Ruler in Bible History" and a part of the "History of Israel." Below this linear timeline is a format more like the original but with only one, two or three columns in a section depending on the space available.]

A I. General Periods B II. Subdivision of General Periods C III. Persons and Rulers in Bible History D IV. History of Israel E V. Egypt F VI. Kingdoms of the East G VII. The Oriental Empires H VIII. The World in General

Pre-2500 B.C. [A] Period of Early Races, from the deluge. (Date unknown) [B] The United Races to the Dispersion. (Date unknown) [D] [All the dates in this column are uncertain above 1000 B.C., and are given tentatively. The dates are not sufficient for a complete and sure chronology]. [E] 4700(?)--Egypt founded by Menes. Old Kingdom (Dynasties I.-X.). Memphis earliest capital. [F] 4500 B.C.--Kingdoms existing in Babylonia. [H] Dates earlier than 700 B.C. traditional and uncertain. [F] 3900(?)--Rise of Ur to power. [E] 3500(?)--Pyramids built (Dynasty IV.). [F] 3000--Nineveh in existence. [E] 2900(?)--Middle kingdom begins (Dynasties XI.-XVII.). [H] 2850--China founded by Fu-hi.

2500 [A] 2500-2280--I. Period of the Early Races to the Call of Abraham c. 2280. [B] 2500-2280--II. The Dispersed Races to the Call of Abraham. [F] 2454(?)--First dynasty of kings begins to reign at Babylon with Su-mu-abi. Eleven kings reigning 2454 to 2151(?).

2400 [F] 2357--Lao reigning in China. [E] During the middle kingdom, 2900-1570 B.C. Thebes was capital until about 2000 B.C. The dates are very uncertain, but between 2500 and 2000 B.C. the kingdom declined. 12th Dynasty 2500-2300. [C] c. 2355 Abraham.

2300 [A] 2280-1250--II. Period of the Chosen Family. [B] 2280-2060--Journeys of the Patriarchs. [G] 2280-1120--EARLY BABLYLONIAN EMPIRE [F] 2280(?)--Hammurabi (Amraphel(?)) (Gen. 14), sixth king of the first dynasty reigning at Babylon. He conquered many states, established a code of laws, and may be regarded as founder of the early Babylonian Empire. [D] c. 2280(?)--Call and Migration of Abraham. [D] c. 2270(?)--Abraham's Victory over the Five Kings. [Gen. 14] [B] c. 2256 Isaac. [D] c. 2232(?)--The Offering of Isaac on Mount Moriah. [H] 2205--Chinese History Begins

2200 [C] 2195--Jacob [F] 2150(?)--Second dynasty of kings at Babylon begins with An-ma-an. (According to records, not certain, it lasted until 1783 B.C.) [D] c. 2180(?) Death of Abraham. [D] c. 2120(?)--Jacob's Vision and Journey to Padan-aram. [C] 2103--Joseph [D] c. 2103(?)--Jacob's Return to Canaan.

2100 [D] c. 2084(?)--Joseph Sold into Egypt. [D] c. 2073(?)--Joseph Ruler in Egypt. [B] 2060-1250--Sojourn in Egypt. [D] c. 2060(?)--Jacob and his Family go down to Egypt; Beginning of the SOJOURN OF THE ISRAELITES. [D] c. 2045(?)--Death of Jacob in Egypt. [E] About 2000 B.C. Lower Egypt fell under the power of invaders from the desert, who were called Hyksos, or Shepherd Kings. Their capital was Tanis, or Zoan. Very little is known of their history, and their names cannot be given with certainty, as their memory was hated by the rulers that followed them, and their inscriptions may have been obliterated. They ruled Egypt until about 1570 B.C.(?), though the dates both of their conquest and their departure are uncertain. [F] 2000--Ishkibal, fourth king of second dynasty, reigning at Babylon. [H] 2000--Aryan migration to India(?).

2000 [D] 1993(?)--Death of Joseph in Egypt. The Israelites remain in the Land of Goshen, between Egypt and the Wilderness, from about 2062 to 1250 B.C. [dates very very uncertain]. During most of this period the Hyksos or Shepherd-Kings, friendly to the Israelites, were ruling in Egypt. [H] 1920--Gold and silver first mentioned as money. [F] 1800--An Assyrian Kingdom in existence, but subject to Babylon. Asshur, its capital. [F] 1782--Third dynasty of kings of Babylon, beginning with Gandish, reigning 1782-1767. This dynasty, known as Kassites, came from Elam, conquered Babylonia, and held rule until 1207. Not much is known of Babylonian history during this period; but the kingdom was declining. [E] About 1570 the war of liberation from the Hyksos began under Dynasty XVIII., and the New Kingdom opened. [E] 1570-1320(?)--Dynasty XVIII. reigning (Amosis, Amenophis, Queen Hatasu, Thutmosis (or Thotmes) III., Amenophis II., Amenophis III., Amenophis IV.). A period of conquest. Egyptian invasion of Syria about 1490(?) (Thutmosis III.). Battle of Esdraelon in Canaan. Tell-el-Amarna letters written in reigns of Amenophis III. and IV. [H] 1556--Athens founded. (traditional.) [H] 1546--Traditional founding of Troy. [H] 1507--Court of Areopagus founded at Athens. [D] 1500--The Israelites still in Egypt. [F] 1500-1207--Kassite dynasty still reigning at Babylon. [H] 1500--Thebes founded. Greek alphabet introduced by Cadmus. [H] c. 1500--Hittite migration to southern Asia Minor.

1500 [F] 1430--Assur-nadin-akhi. King of Assyria. (From this reign, regular lists of Assyrian kings; and their kingdom grows in power.) [H] 1400--Rise of Hittite Kingdom in Asia Minor.

1400 [E] 1359(?)--Dynasty XIX. begins. Seti I. powerful ruler and conqueror. Rameses II., "Pharaoh of the Oppression"(?). Merenepthah, "Pharaoh of the Exodus"(?). Decline of Egyptian power. Rameses III., date unknown. [C] c. 1330 Moses. [D] About 1330(?) begins the Oppression of the Israelites under Dynasty XIX. in Egypt. About the same time 1330(?) Moses was born. All the dates of this period are uncertain. [F] 1300(?)--Shalmaneser I., King of Assyria, begins conquests. Calah becomes capital.

1300 [F] 1290(?)--Tukulti-ninib, King of Assyria, conquers Babylon; but it soon regains its independence. Babylonian Kingdom declining in power. [C] 1260--Joshua. [A] 1250-1050--III. PERIOD OF THE ISRAELITE PEOPLE. [B] 1250-1210--WANDERING. [D] 1250(?)--The Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. End of the Sojourn; Beginning of the History of Israel as a People. Death of Moses. [H] 1235--Theseus, King of Athens. [H] 1233--Carthage founded. [B] 1210-1180--CONQUEST. [D] 1210(?)--The Israelites enter the Land of Canaan, and begin the Conquest of Canaan. Battle of Beth-horon, 1210(?). [F] 1207-1075--Dynasty of Isin in Babylon; wars between Assyria and Babylonia; continued decline of Babylonia and rise of Assyria. [H] 1200--Dorian migration into Greece.

1200 [H] 1193--Trojan war begins. [B] 1180-1020--Rule of the Judges [D] 1180(?)--Death of Joshua. [D] 1170(?)--Age of the Judges in Israel begins. [C] c. 1170. Othniel, Judge. [C] c. 1130. Gideon, Judge. [D] 1130--Gideon ruling in Israel. [H] 1120-626 B.C. ASSYRIAN EMPIRE [F] 1120-1090--Tiglath-pileser I., the first great king of Assyria, conqueror over many lands. THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE begins. [H] 1122--Chow dynasty reigning in China. [C] c. 1100. Jephthah, Judge.

1100 [E] 1089(?)--Dynasty XXI. begins; a line of kings of foreign race who obtained control in Egypt. [C] 1080--Samuel, Judge. [D] 1080--Samuel, the last of the Judges. [H] 1070--Codrus; last king of Athens. [A] 1050-587--IV. PERIOD OF ISRAELITE KINGDOM [B] 1050-925--UNITY [C] c. 1050. Saul, King. [D] 1050--Coronation of Saul, King of Israel. [H] 1015--Minos gives laws in Crete. [C] c. 1010. David, King. [D] 1010--David King over Judah. [D] 1003--David King over Israel.

1000 [D] 990--David conquers Syria, Moab, and Edom. [C] 970. Solomon, King. [D] 970--Solomon, King of Israel, Syria, Moab, and Edom. [B] 935-721--DIVISION [C] KINGS OF ISRAEL. KINGS OF JUDAH. 935. Jeroboam. 935. Rehoboam. [D] 935--Division of the Kingdom. Jeroboam, King of Ten Tribes (Israel). Rehoboam, King of Judah. [E] 925--Shishak, King of Egypt, invades Judah, and takes many cities. [E] 900(?)--Zerah, the Ethiopian (Osorkon II.), invades Egypt.

900 [H] 886--Homeric Poems brought into Greece. [F] 885-860--Assur-nazir-pal, King of Assyria. [C] 875. Ahab (Isr.) [D] 875--Worship of Baal introduced into Israel by Jezebel. [C] 870. Jehoshaphat. (Jud.) [D] 870--Elijah the Prophet. [F] 860-825--Shalmaneser II., King. [F] 854--Victory of Shalmaneser over Syrians and Israelites (under King Ahab) at Karkar. [H] 850--Lycurgus, lawgiver of Sparta. [C] 842. Jehu (Isr.) 842. Athaliah, usurper. (Jud.) [D] 842--Jehu King of Judah. Athaliah usurper in Judah. [F] 842--Jehu, King of Israel, pays tribute to Shalmaneser. [C] 836. Jehoash. (Jud.) [D] 836--Revolution in Judah under Jehoiada, the Priest. [F] 800--Babylon under Assyrian control.

800 [C] 799. Joash. (Isr.) [D] 799--Joash, King of Israel. [C] 783. Jeroboam II. (Isr.) 783. Uzziah. (Jud.) [D] 783--Jeroboam II., King of Israel. Israelite power; Prophet Amos. [D] 769--Uzziah, King of Israel; Age of Prosperity. [H] 753--Traditional founding of Rome by Romulus. [H] 750--Syracuse in Sicily founded by Corinthians. [D] 748--Prophet Hosea in Israel. [F] 745-727--Tiglath-pileser III., King of Assyria; great conqueror; receives tribute from Menahem, King of Israel. 732--Damascus taken. [C] 741. Menahem. (Isr.) [D] 738--Prophet Isaiah begins his Ministry. Jotham, King of Judah. [C] 735. Ahaz. (Jud.) [C] 730. Hoshea. (Isr.) [D] 730--Hoshea, last King of Israel. [F] 727-722--Shalmaneser IV., King. 725--Siege of Samaria begun. [E] 725--Hoshea, King of Israel, in Alliance with So (or Sabakon), King of Egypt. [F] 722-705--Sargon II., King of Assyria. [B] 721-587--DECAY [D] 721--Fall of Samaria. Israel carried captive by Sargon II. of Assyria. [C] 719. Hezekiah. (Jud.) [H] 708--Median Kingdom begins under Deioces. [F] 704-687--Sennacherib, King. Nineveh made capital. [D] 701--Sennacherib's invasion of Judah. [E] 701--Defeat of Tirkahah by Sennacherib, King of Assyria.

700 [C] 690. Manasseh. (Jud.) [F] 680-668--Esar-haddon, King. 674--Egypt invaded by Assyrians. Empire of Assyria at its culmination. [E] 674--Invasion of Egypt by Esar-haddon, King of Assyria. [F] 668-626--Assur-bani-pal, King. Decline of Assyrian Empire begins. [E] 665--Destruction of Thebes by the Assyrians. [H] 660--Japanese History begins with Jimmu Tenno whose descendants have reigned since without intermission. [H] 658--Byzantium founded by Byzas. 640--Media independent of Assyria. [D] 647--Manasseh a captive at Babylon; but released later. [C] 639. Josiah. (Jud.) [D] 628--Prophet Jeremiah begins Ministry. [G] 626-536--CHALDEAN EMPIRE [F] 625-604--Nabopolassar, King of Babylon, founder of Chaldean Empire. [D] 621--Josiah begins great reforms. Finding of the Book of the Law. [H] 621--Laws of Draco in Athens. [F] 609--FALL OF ASSYRIAN EMPIRE. Nineveh destroyed by the Medes. [C] 608. Jehoiakim. (Jud.) [D] 608--Death of Josiah in battle at Megiddo. Necho of Egypt invades Judah. Jehoiakim, King of Judah. [F] 608--Victory of Nebuchadnezzar, son of Nabopolassar, over Necho, King of Egypt, at Carchemish. CHALDEAN EMPIRE begins (606-536). [D] 606--First visit of Nebuchadnezzar to Judah; first group of Captives to Babylon. [E] 606--Necho, King of Egypt, defeated at Carchemish by Nebuchadnezzar. [F] 604-562--Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon.

600 [D] 598--Chaldeans invade Judah a second time. [C] 597. Zedekiah. [D] 592--Prophet Ezekiel in Chaldea. [A] 587 B.C.-(?) A.D.--PERIOD OF THE JEWISH PROVINCE [B] 587-536--CHALDEAN RULE [D] 586--Fall of Jerusalem; end of Kingdom of Judah; Jews taken to Babylon. [F] 586--Jerusalem taken and destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar. [F] 585-573--Siege of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar. [H] 583--Laws of Solon in Athens. [H] 578--Money coined in Rome. [E] 567--Egypt invaded by Nebuchadnezzar, but not held. [F] 562--Rapid decline of Chaldean power after death of Nebuchadnezzar. [H] 560--Pisistratus usurps rule at Athens. [F] 558-536--Nabonidus, last king of Babylon. He associates his son Belshazzar in the government. [H] 557--Buddha born in India. [F] 553--Cyrus, the Persian, conquers the Medes. Beginning of Persian power. [H] 550--Confucius born. Laocius and Mencius, the other Chinese sages, lived in same century. 546--Cyrus overthrows empire of Croesus. [C] 536. Zerubbabel, Prince. [D] 536--Decree of Cyrus, King of Persia, permitting return of Exiled Jews. [F] 536--Babylon taken by Cyrus. End of Chaldean Empire. [D] 535--Rebuilding of Temple begun. 522--Discontinued. [G] 530-330--THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. [F] 529-521--Cambyses, King of Persia. Egypt conquered. [E] 525--Egypt conquered by Persians under Cambyses and annexed to the Persian empire. From that time until 332 Egypt was under Persian rule. [F] 521-486--Darius, King of Persia. [D] 520--Prophets Haggai and Zechariah. [D] 515--Second Temple completed. [H] 510--Romans abolish royalty; Government by Consuls begins. [H] 510--Africa first circumnavigated. [H] 500--Pythagoras teaching in Greece.

500 [F] 491--Darius, King of Persia, invades Greece. 490--Battle of Marathon. Greeks victorious over Persians. [H] 490--Battle of Lake Regillus in Italy. [H] 490--Battle of Marathon in Greece. [F] 486-466--Xerxes (Ahasuerus in book of Esther), King of Persia. [F] 481--Expedition of Xerxes into Greece. [F] 480--Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. [D] 478--Esther's deliverance. [F] 466-425--Artaxerxes Longimanus, King of Persia. Empire declining in power. [C] 458. Ezra. [D] 458--Ezra's visit to Jerusalem. [C] 444. Nehemiah. [D] 444--Nehemiah rebuilds the Wall of Jerusalem. [D] 440--Separation of Samaritans from Jews. [F] 425--Xerxes II., King of Persia. [F] 424-404--Darius II., King. [H] 418--Battle of Mantinea in Greece. [D] 400(?)--Malachi, last of Old Testament Prophets. [H] 400--Retreat of the Ten Thousand in Persia. [C] c. 400--END OF OLD TESTAMENT

400 [H] 399--Death of Socrates. [F] 361--Artaxerxes (or Darius) Ochus, King of Persia. [C] 350. Jaddua, High Priest. [D] 350--Jaddua, High Priest. [F] 336--Darius Codomannus, last king of Persia. [D] 332--Visit of Alexander the Great to Judea. [E] 332--Alexander the Great receives the submission of Egypt. [B] 330-168--GREEK RULE [G] 330-60--KINGDOMS OF ALEXANDER'S SUCCESSORS [C] 330. Onias, High Priest. [D] 330--Onias, High Priest. [F] 330--Persian Empire conquered by Alexander the Great (Battle of Arbela.) [E] 328--Ptolemy Soter establishes the Greek kingdom of Egypt. [F] 323--Alexander the Great dies at Babylon. [D] 305--Jerusalem taken by Ptolemy Lagus, of Egypt. Judea subject to Egypt. [F] 301--Alexander's empire divided among his four generals Ptolemy, Seleucus, Cassander, Lysimachus. [C] 300. Simon the Just, High Priest. [D] 300--Simon the First, High Priest.

300 [E] 286--The Alexandrian library and Museum began by King Ptolemy II., Philadelphus. [D] 275(?)--Translation of the Old Testament into Greek begun (Septuagint.) [H] 264--First Punic war begun by Rome. [E] 247-225--Reign of Ptolemy Euergetes, ablest and most powerful of the Ptolemies. [H] 216--Battle of Cannae; overthrow of Hannibal. [H] 211--Wall of China completed. [E] 205-182--Reign of Ptolemy V. Epiphanes.

200 [D] 197--Palestine annexed to kingdom of Syria under Antiochus III. [F] 187--Seleucus IV., Philopator, King of Syria. [F] 175--Antiochus IV., Epiphanes, King of Syria. [B] 168-43--JEWISH INDEPENDENCE [D] 168--Persecution of the Jews by Antiochus IV. (Epiphanes). [D] 168--Revolt of Mattathias against Syrian rule. [C] 166. Judas Maccabeus. [D] 166--Judas Maccabeus, Liberator and Ruler of Judea. [E] 165--The Roman senate intervenes in Egypt. [F] 162--Demetrius I., Soter, King of Syria. [D] 142--Simon, brother of Judas, High Priest and Ruler. [H] 123--The Gracchi in Rome. [D] 107--Aristobulus assumes title of King of Judea. [D] 105--Rise of Sects, Pharisees and Sadducees.

100 [F] 69--Syria and Armenia conquered by Romans. [C] 63. Antipater. [D] 63--Jerusalem taken by Pompey; Romans intervene in Judea. [D] 63--Antipater, Ruler, under Roman authority. [G] 60 B.C.-100 A.D.--ROMAN EMPIRE [E] 52-30--Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt. [B] 43--START OF ROMAN RULE [C] 43. Herod the Great. [D] 43--Herod the Great made King by Roman Senate. [H] 41--Assassination of Julius Caesar. [E] 30--Egypt becomes a Roman province. [F] 27--Syria made an imperial province of Roman empire. [H] 27--Augustus, Emperor of Roman World. [D] 4 B.C.--Jesus born at Bethlehem. 4 B.C.--Death of Herod.

A.D. [H] 14--Tiberius, Emperor. [C] 26. Pontius Pilate, Procurator. [D] 26--Ministry of John the Baptist. [D] 30--Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ. [D] 37--Conversion of St. Paul. [C] 41. Herod Agrippa I. King of Judea. [H] 41--Claudius, Emperor. [D] 50--Council of Christian Church at Jerusalem. [C] 52. Felix, Procurator. [H] 54--Nero, Emperor. [C] 60. Festus, Procurator. [D] 68--Revolt of Jews against Roman Empire. [D] 68--Martyrdom of St. Paul. [D] 70--Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus. [H] 79--Titus, Emperor.

B.C. I. II. III. GENERAL SUB DIVISION PERSONS AND RULERS IN BIBLE PERIODS. OF GENERAL HISTORY. PERIODS.

I. PERIOD OF THE I. EARLY THE UNITED RACES, RACES FROM THE TO THE DELUGE. DISPERSION.

(Date unknown) (Date unknown) 2500 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ I. II. PERIOD THE DISPERSED OF THE RACES TO 2400 EARLY ------------------------------------------------------------------------ RACES THE CALL OF to the Call of of Abraham ABRAHAM. c. 2355 Abraham. c. 2280 2300 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2280 B.C. c. 2280 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

c. 2256 Isaac.

JOURNEYS

2200 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ c. 2180 c. 2195 Jacob.

II. OF THE

PATRIARCHS c. 2103 Joseph. 2100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ PERIOD c. 2075

c. 2060 B.C. +------------ | | c. 2045. 2000 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | c. 1993. OF THE | | THE | | | | | 1500 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | CHOSEN | | SOJOURN IN 1400 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | c. 1330 Moses. FAMILY. | | EGYPT. 1300 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | c. 1260 Joshua. 1250 B.C. | 1250 --------------+============-------------------------------------- | | WANDERING | | III. | 1210 c. 1210 +------------ 1200 | CONQUEST. ---------------------|--------------------------------------------------- PERIOD | 1180 c. 1180 +------------ c. 1170. Othniel, Judge. OF | | RULE ISRAELITE | | OF THE c. 1130. Gideon, Judge. PEOPLE | | JUDGES. | | c. 1100. Jephthah, Judge. 1100 | ---------------------|-------------------------------------------------- | c. 1080. Samuel, Judge. | 1050 B.C. | 1050 c. 1050. Saul, King. ---------------------------------------------------------------- | UNITY | IV. | c. 1010. David, King. | 1000 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | 970. Solomon, King. | | 935 KINGS OF ISRAEL. KINGS OF JUDAH. +---------935. Jeroboam. 935. Rehoboam. PERIOD 900 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 875. Ahab 870. Jehoshaphat.

842. Jehu. 842. Athaliah, usurper. OF DIVISION 836. Jehoash. 800 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 799. Joash. 783. Jeroboam II. 783. Uzziah.

741. Menahem.

735. Ahaz. ISRAELITE 730. Hoshea. 721 +------- | | 719. Hezekiah. | 700 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | KINGDOM | 690. Manasseh. | DECAY | 639. Josiah. | | | | 608. Jehoiakim. | | | | 600 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 587 B.C. | 587 597. Zedekiah. | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | CHALDEAN PERIOD OF | RULE 536. Zerubbabel, Prince. | 536 THE JEWISH +------- PROVINCE

500 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ PERIOD

PERSIAN 458. Ezra.

444. Nehemiah.

(END OF OLD TESTAMENT)

400 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ RULE

350. Jaddua, High Priest.

OF 330 B.C. 330. Onias, High Priest. +--------- | | | 300. Simon the Just, High Priest. 300 | -------------------|---------------------------------------------------- | | GREEK JEWISH | | RULE 200 | -------------------|---------------------------------------------------- | | | | | 168 B.C. +--------- PROVINCE | 166. Judas Maccabeus. | JEWISH | | INDEPENDENCE 100 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | 63. Antipater. | | | 43 B.C. 43. Herod the Great. +--------

A.D. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ROMAN

26. Pontius Pilate, Procurator. 41. Herod Agrippa I. King of Judea. 52. Felix, Procurator. 60. Festus, Procurator.

RULE ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100

B.C. IV. THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL.

[All the dates in this column are uncertain above 1000 B.C., and are given tentatively. The dates are not sufficient for a complete and sure chronology].

2500 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2400 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2300 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ c. 2280(?)--Call and Migration of Abraham. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ c. 2270(?)--Abraham's Victory over the Five Kings. [Gen. 14]

c. 2232(?)--The Offering of Isaac on Mount Moriah.

2200 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ c. 2180(?) Death of Abraham.

c. 2120(?)--Jacob's Vision and Journey to Padan-aram. c. 2103(?)--Jacob's Return to Canaan. 2100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ c. 2084(?)--Joseph Sold into Egypt. c. 2073(?)--Joseph Ruler in Egypt. c. 2060(?)--Jacob and his Family go down to Egypt; Beginning of the SOJOURN OF THE ISRAELITES.

c. 2045(?)--Death of Jacob in Egypt.

2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1993(?)--Death of Joseph in Egypt. The Israelites remain in the Land of Goshen, between Egypt and the Wilderness, from about 2062 to 1250 B.C. [dates very very uncertain]. During most of this period the Hyksos or Shepherd-Kings, friendly to the Israelites, were ruling in Egypt.

1500--The Israelites still in Egypt. 1500 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

1400 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

About 1330(?) begins the Oppression of the Israelites under Dynasty XIX. in Egypt. About the same time 1330(?) Moses was born. All the dates of this period are uncertain. 1300 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

1250 1250(?)--The Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. End of the ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Sojourn; Beginning of the History of Israel as a People. Death of Moses.

1210(?)--The Israelites enter the Land of Canaan, and begin the Conquest of Canaan. Battle of Beth-horon, 1210(?). 1200 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

1180(?)--Death of Joshua. 1170(?)--Age of the Judges in Israel begins.

1130--Gideon ruling in Israel.

1100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1080--Samuel, the last of the Judges.

1050 1050--Coronation of Saul, King of Israel. ------------------------------------------------------------------------

1010--David King over Judah. 1003--David King over Israel. 1000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 990--David conquers Syria, Moab, and Edom. 970--Solomon, King of Israel, Syria, Moab, and Edom.

935--Division of the Kingdom. Jeroboam, King of Ten Tribes (Israel). Rehoboam, King of Judah.

900 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 875--Worship of Baal introduced into Israel by Jezebel. 870--Elijah the Prophet.

842--Jehu King of Judah. Athaliah usurper in Judah. 836--Revolution in Judah under Jehoiada, the Priest. 800 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 799--Joash, King of Israel. 783--Jeroboam II., King of Israel. Israelite power; Prophet Amos.

769--Uzziah, King of Israel; Age of Prosperity. 748--Prophet Hosea in Israel. 738--Prophet Isaiah begins his Ministry. Jotham, King of Judah. 730--Hoshea, last King of Israel.

721--Fall of Samaria. Israel carried captive by Sargon II. of Assyria.

701--Sennacherib's invasion of Judah. 700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

647--Manasseh a captive at Babylon; but released later.

628--Prophet Jeremiah begins Ministry. 621--Josiah begins great reforms. Finding of the Book of the Law.

608--Death of Josiah in battle at Megiddo. Necho of Egypt invades Judah. Jehoiakim, King of Judah. 606--First visit of Nebuchadnezzar to Judah; first group of Captives to Babylon. 600 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 598--Chaldeans invade Judah a second time. 592--Prophet Ezekiel in Chaldea.

586--Fall of Jerusalem; end of Kingdom of Judah; Jews taken to Babylon. 536--Decree of Cyrus, King of Persia, permitting return of Exiled Jews. 535--Rebuilding of Temple begun. 522--Discontinued. 520--Prophets Haggai and Zechariah. 515--Second Temple completed. 500 ------------------------------------------------------------------------

478--Esther's deliverance. 458--Ezra's visit to Jerusalem.

444--Nehemiah rebuilds the Wall of Jerusalem. 440--Separation of Samaritans from Jews.

400 400(?)--Malachi, last of Old Testament Prophets. (END OF OLD TESTAMENT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------

350--Jaddua, High Priest. 332--Visit of Alexander the Great to Judea. 330--Onias, High Priest.

305--Jerusalem taken by Ptolemy Lagus, of Egypt. Judea subject to Egypt. 300--Simon the First, High Priest. 300 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 275(?)--Translation of the Old Testament into Greek begun (Septuagint.)

200 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 197--Palestine annexed to kingdom of Syria under Antiochus III.

168--Persecution of the Jews by Antiochus IV. (Epiphanes). 168--Revolt of Mattathias against Syrian rule. 166--Judas Maccabeus, Liberator and Ruler of Judea. 142--Simon, brother of Judas, High Priest and Ruler.

107--Aristobulus assumes title of King of Judea. 105--Rise of Sects, Pharisees and Sadducees. 100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 63--Jerusalem taken by Pompey; Romans intervene in Judea. 63--Antipater, Ruler, under Roman authority.

43--Herod the Great made King by Roman Senate.

A.D. 4 B.C.--Jesus born at Bethlehem. 4 B.C.--Death of Herod. ------------------------------------------------------------------------

26 A.D.--Ministry of John the Baptist.

30 A.D.--Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ. 37--Conversion of St. Paul.

50--Council of Christian Church at Jerusalem. 68--Revolt of Jews against Roman Empire. 68--Martyrdom of St. Paul. 70--Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100

B.C. V. VI. EGYPT. KINGDOMS OF THE EAST.

4700(?)--Egypt founded by Menes. Old Kingdom (Dynasties I.-X.). 4500 B.C.--Kingdoms existing in Memphis earliest capital. Babylonia. 4000(?)--City of Babylon founded. 3900(?)--Rise of Ur to power. 3500(?)--Pyramids built (Dynasty IV.). 3000--Nineveh in existence. 2900(?)--Middle kingdom begins (Dynasties XI.-XVII.) 2500 B.C. ------------------------------------------------------------------------