Part Four treats of those Orders which are directly bestowed by the Holy

See—the Order of Christ, the Order of the Golden Spur, the Order of Pius, the Order of St. Gregory, and of St. Sylvester. In addition the papal decorations are described.

The final pages of the booklet display the insignia of the three ecclesiastical groups: Military Orders of Knighthood, Pontifical Orders of Knighthood and Papal Decorations, with a brief description of shape and color. The pictures present the Knight’s cross, unless otherwise designated. Since the emblems of the Orders of Calatrava, Alcantara and Montesa are identical in form, only one picture is used for all three with a specification of the respective colors. Under the heading of Pontifical Decorations a picture is given of the Lateran Cross which is recognized, although not directly bestowed, by the Holy See.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Historical Background 1 Development of the Orders of Knighthood 7

The Sovereign Military Order of St. John of Jerusalem 14 The Order of the Teutonic Knights 23

The Iberian Military Orders 28 The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem 33