Part 20

SEC. 14. _And be it further enacted_, That if any citizen, or other person, shall carry or deliver any such talk, message, speech, or letter, to or from any Indian nation, tribe, chief, or individual, from or to any person or persons whatsoever residing within the United States, or from or to any subject, citizen, or agent of any foreign power or state, knowing the contents thereof, he shall forfeit and pay the sum of one thousand dollars.

SEC. 15. _And be it further enacted_, That if any citizen or other person residing or living among the Indians, or elsewhere, within the territory of the United States, shall carry on a correspondence, by letter or otherwise, with any foreign nation or power, with an intent to induce such foreign nation or power to excite any Indian nation, tribe, chief, or individual to war against the United States, or to the violation of any existing treaty; or in case any citizen or other person shall alienate, or attempt to alienate, the confidence of any Indian or Indians from the government of the United States, he shall forfeit the sum of one thousand dollars.

SEC. 16. _And be it further enacted_, That where, in the commission, by a white person, of any crime, offence, or misdemeanor, within the Indian country, the property of any friendly Indian is taken, injured, or destroyed, and a conviction is had for such crime, offence, or misdemeanor, the person so convicted shall be sentenced to pay to such friendly Indian to whom the property may belong, or whose person may be injured, a sum equal to twice the just value of the property so taken, injured, or destroyed. And if such offender shall be unable to pay a sum at least equal to the just value or amount, whatever such payment shall fall short of the same shall be paid out of the treasury of the United States: _Provided_, That no such Indian shall be entitled to any payment, out of the treasury of the United States, for any such property, if he, or any of the nation to which he belongs, shall have sought private revenge, or attempted to obtain satisfaction by any force or violence: _And provided also_, That if such offender cannot be apprehended and brought to trial, the amount of such property shall be paid out of the treasury, as aforesaid.

SEC. 17. _And be it further enacted_, That if any Indian or Indians, belonging to any tribe in amity with the United States, shall, within the Indian country, take or destroy the property of any person lawfully within such country, or shall pass from the Indian country into any state or territory inhabited by citizens of the United States, and there take, steal, or destroy any horse, horses, or other property belonging to any citizen or inhabitant of the United States, such citizen or inhabitant, his representative, attorney, or agent, may make application to the proper superintendent, agent, or sub-agent, who, upon being furnished with the necessary documents and proofs, shall, under the direction of the President, make application to the nation or tribe to which said Indian or Indians shall belong, for satisfaction; and if such nation or tribe shall neglect or refuse to make satisfaction in a reasonable time, not exceeding twelve months, it shall be the duty of such superintendent, agent, or sub-agent, to make return of his doings to the Commissioner of Indian affairs, that such further steps may be taken as shall be proper, in the opinion of the President, to obtain satisfaction for the injury; and, in the mean time, in respect to the property so taken, stolen, or destroyed, the United States guaranty to the party so injured an eventual indemnification: _Provided_, That if such injured party, his representative, attorney, or agent, shall, in any way violate any of the provisions of this act, by seeking or attempting to obtain private satisfaction or revenge, he shall forfeit all claim upon the United States for such indemnification: _And provided also_, That, unless such claim shall be presented within three years after the commission of the injury, the same shall be barred. And if the nation or tribe to which such Indian may belong, receive an annuity from the United States, such claim shall, at the next payment of the annuity, be deducted therefrom, and paid to the party injured; and if no annuity is payable to such nation or tribe, then the amount of the claim shall be paid from the treasury of the United States: _Provided_, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the legal apprehension and punishment of any Indians having so offended.

SEC. 18. _And be it further enacted_, That the superintendents, agents, and sub-agents, within their respective districts, be and are hereby authorized and empowered to take depositions of witnesses touching any depredations within the purview of the two preceding sections of this act, and to administer an oath to the deponents.

SEC. 19. _And be it further enacted_, That it shall be the duty of the superintendents, agents, and sub-agents to endeavour to procure the arrest and trial of all Indians accused of committing any crime, offence, or misdemeanor, and all other persons who may have committed crimes or offences within any state or territory, and have fled into the Indian country, either by demanding the same of the chiefs of the proper tribe, or by such other means as the President may authorize; and the President may direct the military force of the United States to be employed in the apprehension of such Indians, and also in preventing or terminating hostilities between any of the Indian tribes.

SEC. 20. _And be it further enacted_, That if any person shall sell, exchange, or give, barter, or dispose of any spirituous liquor or wine to an Indian, (in the Indian country,) such person shall forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred dollars; and if any person shall introduce, or attempt to introduce, any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country, except such supplies as shall be necessary for the officers of the United States and troops of the service, under the direction of the War Department, such person shall forfeit and pay a sum not exceeding three hundred dollars; and if any superintendent of Indian affairs, Indian agent, or sub-agent, or commanding officer of a military post, has reason to suspect, or is informed, that any white person or Indian is about to introduce, or has introduced, any spirituous liquor or wine into the Indian country, in violation of the provisions of this section, it shall be lawful for such superintendent, Indian agent, or sub-agent, or military officer, agreeably to such regulations as may be established by the President of the United States, to cause the boats, stores, packages, and places of deposite of such person to be searched; and if any such spirituous liquor or wine is found, the goods, boats, packages, and peltries of such persons shall be seized and delivered to the proper officer, and shall be proceeded against by libel in the proper court, and forfeited, one half to the use of the informer, and the other half to the use of the United States; and if such person is a trader, his licence shall be revoked and his bond put in suit. And it shall moreover be lawful for any person in the service of the United States, or for any Indian, to take and destroy any ardent spirits or wine found in the Indian country, excepting military supplies, as mentioned in this section.

SEC. 21. _And be it further enacted_, That if any person whatever shall, within the limits of the Indian country, set up or continue any distillery for manufacturing ardent spirits, he shall forfeit and pay a penalty of one thousand dollars: and it shall be the duty of the superintendent of Indian affairs, Indian agent, or sub-agent, within the limits of whose agency the same shall be set up or continued, forthwith to destroy and break up the same; and it shall be lawful to employ the military force of the United States in executing that duty.

SEC. 22. _And be it further enacted_, That in all trials about the right of property in which an Indian may be a party on one side, and a white person on the other, the burden of proof shall rest upon the white person, whenever the Indian shall make out a presumption of title in himself from the fact of previous possession or ownership.

SEC. 23. _And be it further enacted_, That it shall be lawful for the military force of the United States to be employed in such manner and under such regulations as the President may direct, in the apprehension of every person who shall or may be found in the Indian country in violation of any of the provisions of this act, and him immediately to convey from said Indian country, in the nearest convenient and safe route, to the civil authority of the territory or judicial district in which said person shall be found, to be proceeded against in due course of law; and also, in the examination and seizure of stores, packages, and boats, authorized by the twentieth section of this act, and in preventing the introduction of persons and property into the Indian country contrary to law; which persons and property shall be proceeded against according to law: _Provided_, That no person apprehended by military force as aforesaid shall be detained longer than five days after the arrest and before removal. And all officers and soldiers who may have any such person or persons in custody shall treat them with all the humanity which the circumstances will possibly permit; and every officer or soldier who shall be guilty of maltreating any such person while in custody, shall suffer such punishment as a court martial shall direct.

SEC. 24. _And be it further enacted_, That, for the sole purpose of carrying this act into effect, all that part of the Indian country west of the Mississippi river, that is bounded north by the north line of lands assigned to the Osage tribe of Indians, produced east to the State of Missouri; west, by the Mexican possessions; south, by Red river; and east, by the west line of the Territory of Arkansas and the State of Missouri, shall be, and hereby is, annexed to the Territory of Arkansas; and that, for the purpose aforesaid, the residue of the Indian country west of the said Mississippi river shall be, and hereby is, annexed to the judicial district of Missouri; and, for the purpose aforesaid, the several portions of Indian country east of the said Mississippi river shall be, and are hereby, severally annexed to the territory in which they are situate.

SEC. 25. _And be it further enacted_, That so much of the laws of the United States as provides for the punishment of crimes committed within any place within the sole and exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, shall be in force in the Indian country: _Provided_, The same shall not extend to crimes committed by one Indian against the person or property of another Indian.

SEC. 26. _And be it further enacted_, That if any person who shall be charged with a violation of any of the provisions or regulations of this act shall be found within any of the United States, or either of the territories, such offenders may be there apprehended, and transported to the territory or judicial district having jurisdiction of the same.

SEC. 27. _And be it further enacted_, That all penalties which shall accrue under this act shall be sued for and recovered in an action of debt, in the name of the United States, before any court having jurisdiction of the same, (in any state or territory in which the defendant shall be arrested or found,) the one half to the use of the informer and the other half to the use of the United States, except when the prosecution shall be first instituted on behalf of the United States, in which case the whole shall be to their use.

SEC. 28. _And be it further enacted_, That when goods or other property shall be seized for any violation of this act, it shall be lawful for the person prosecuting on behalf of the United States to proceed against such goods or other property, in the manner directed to be observed in the case of goods, wares, or merchandise brought into the United States in violation of the revenue laws.

SEC. 29. _And be it further enacted_, That the following acts and parts of acts shall be, and the same are hereby, repealed, namely: An act to make provision relative to rations for Indians, and to their visits to the seat of government,--approved May thirteen, eighteen hundred; an act to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers,--approved March thirty, eighteen hundred and two; an act supplementary to the act passed thirtieth March, eighteen hundred and two, to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers,--approved April twenty-nine, eighteen hundred and sixteen; an act for the punishment of crimes and offences committed within the Indian boundaries,--approved March three, eighteen hundred and seventeen; the first and second sections of the act directing the manner of appointing Indian agents, and continuing the "Act establishing trading houses with the Indian tribes,"--approved April sixteen, eighteen hundred and eighteen; an act fixing the compensation of Indian agents and factors,--approved April twenty, eighteen hundred and eighteen; an act supplementary to the act entitled "An act to provide for the prompt settlement of public accounts,"--approved February twenty-four, eighteen hundred and nineteen; the eighth section of the act making appropriations to carry into effect treaties concluded with several Indian tribes therein mentioned,--approved March three, eighteen hundred and nineteen; the second section of the act to continue in force for a further time the act entitled "An act for establishing trading houses with the Indian tribes, and for other purposes,"--approved March three, eighteen hundred and nineteen; an act to amend an act entitled "An act to regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers," approved thirtieth of March, eighteen hundred and two,--approved May six, eighteen hundred and twenty-two; an act providing for the appointment of an agent for the Osage Indians west of the state of Missouri and Territory of Arkansas, and for other purposes,--approved May eighteen, eighteen hundred and twenty-four; the third, fourth, and fifth sections of "An act to enable the President to hold treaties with certain Indian tribes, and for other purposes,"--approved May twenty-five, eighteen hundred and twenty-four; the second section of the "Act to aid certain Indians of the Creek nation in their removal to the west of the Mississippi,"--approved May twenty, eighteen hundred and twenty-six; and an act to authorize the appointment of a sub-agent to the Winnebago Indians on Rock river,--approved February twenty-five, eighteen hundred and thirty-one: _Provided, however_, That such repeal shall not effect [affect] any rights acquired, or punishments, penalties, or forfeitures incurred, under either of the acts or parts of acts, nor impair or affect the intercourse act of eighteen hundred and two, so far as the same relates to or concerns Indian tribes residing east of the Mississippi: _And provided also_, That such repeal shall not be construed to revive any acts or parts of acts repealed by either of the acts or sections herein described.

SEC. 30. _And be it further enacted_, That until a Western Territory shall be established, the two agents for the Western Territory, as provided in the act for the organization of the Indian Department, this day approved by the President, shall execute the duties of agents for such tribes as may be directed by the President of the United States. And it shall be competent for the President to assign to one of the said agents, in addition to his proper duties, the duties of superintendent for such district of country, or for such tribes, as the President may think fit. And the powers of the superintendent at St. Louis over such district or tribes as may be assigned to such acting superintendent shall cease. _Provided_, That no additional compensation shall be allowed for such services.

_Approved, June 30th, 1834._

* * * * *

_An Act to provide for the Organization of the Department of Indian Affairs._

SEC. 1. _Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled_, That the duties of the Governors of the Territories of Florida and Arkansas, as superintendents of Indian affairs, shall hereafter cease, and the duties of the Governor of the Territory of Michigan, as superintendent of Indian affairs, shall cease from and after the establishment of a new territory embracing the country west of Lake Michigan, should such a territory be established. And while the Governor of the said Territory of Michigan continues to act as superintendent of Indian affairs, he shall receive therefor the annual sum of one thousand dollars, in full of all allowances, emoluments, or compensation for services in said capacity.

SEC. 2 _And be it further enacted_, That there shall be a superintendency of Indian affairs for all the Indian country not within the bounds of any state or territory west of the Mississippi river, the superintendent of which shall reside at St. Louis, and shall annually receive a salary of fifteen hundred dollars.

SEC. 3. _And be it further enacted_, That superintendents of Indian affairs shall, within their several superintendences, exercise a general supervision and control over the official conduct and accounts of all officers and persons employed by the Government in the Indian Department, under such regulations as shall be established by the President of the United States; and may suspend such officers and persons from their office or employments, for reasons forthwith to be communicated to the Secretary of War.

SEC. 4. _And be it further enacted_, That the following Indian agents shall be appointed by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall hold their offices for the term of four years, and who shall give bond, with two or more securities, in the penal sum of two thousand dollars, for the faithful execution of the same, and shall receive the annual compensation of fifteen hundred dollars:

Two agents for the Western Territory; an agent for the Chickasaws; an agent for the Eastern Cherokees; an agent for the Florida Indians; an agent for the Indians in the State of Indiana; an agent at Chicago; an agent at Rock Island; an agent at Prairie du Chien; an agent for Michilimackinac and the Sault Sainte Marie; an agent for the Saint Peter's; an agent for the Upper Missouri.

And the following agencies shall be discontinued at the periods herein mentioned, that is to say:

The Florida agency, from and after the thirty-first day of December next; the Cherokee agency, from and after the thirty-first day of December next; the Indiana agency, from and after the thirty-first day of December eighteen hundred and thirty-six; the Chicago agency, from and after the thirty-first day of December next; the Rock Island agency, from and after the thirty-first day of December eighteen hundred and thirty-six; and all other agencies, not provided for in this act, from and after the passing thereof: _Provided_, That the limitation of said agencies shall not be construed to prevent the President of the United States from discontinuing the same at an earlier period. And the President shall be and he is hereby authorized, whenever he may judge it expedient, to discontinue any Indian agency, or to transfer the same, from the place or tribe designated by law, to such other place or tribe as the public service may require. And every Indian agent shall reside and keep his agency within or near the territory of the tribe for which he may be agent, and at such place as the President may designate, and shall not depart from the limits of his agency without permission. And it shall be competent for the President to require any military officer of the United States to execute the duties of Indian agent.

SEC. 5. _And be it further enacted_, That a competent number of sub-agents shall be appointed by the President, with an annual salary of seven hundred and fifty dollars each, to be employed and to reside wherever the President may direct; and who shall give bonds, with one or more sureties, in the penal sum of one thousand dollars, for the faithful execution of the same. But no sub-agent shall be appointed who shall reside within the limits of any agency where there is an agent appointed.

SEC. 6. _And be it further enacted_, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to require the re-appointment of persons now in office until the expiration of their present term of service; but the commissions of all Indian agents and sub-agents now in office shall expire on the fourth day of March next, unless sooner terminated.

SEC. 7. _And be it further enacted_, That the limits of each agency and sub-agency shall be established by the Secretary of War, either by tribes or by geographical boundaries. And it shall be the general duty of Indian agents and sub-agents to manage and superintend the intercourse with the Indians within their respective agencies, agreeably to law; to obey all legal instructions given to them by the Secretary of War, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, or the Superintendent of Indian Affairs; and to carry into effect such regulations as may be prescribed by the President.

SEC. 8. _And be it further enacted_, That the President of the United States may, from time to time, require additional security, and in larger amounts, from all persons charged or trusted, under the laws of the United States, with the disbursement or application of money, goods, or effects of any kind, on account of the Indian Department.

SEC. 9. _And be it further enacted_, That an interpreter shall be allowed to each agency, who shall receive an annual salary of three hundred dollars: _Provided_, That where there are different tribes in the same agency speaking different languages, one interpreter may be allowed, at the discretion of the Secretary of War, for each of the said tribes. Interpreters shall be nominated, by the proper agents, to the War Department for approval, and may be suspended, by the agent, from pay and duty, and the circumstances reported to the War Department for final action; and blacksmiths shall in like manner be employed wherever required by treaty stipulations; and such blacksmiths shall receive an annual compensation of four hundred and eighty dollars; and if they furnish their shop and tools, an additional sum of one hundred and twenty dollars; and their assistants shall be allowed an annual compensation of two hundred and forty dollars. And wherever farmers, mechanics, or teachers are required by treaty stipulations to be provided, they shall be employed under the direction of the War Department, and shall receive an annual compensation of not less than four hundred and eighty dollars, nor more than six hundred dollars. And in all cases of the appointments of interpreters or other persons employed for the benefit of the Indians, a preference shall be given to persons of Indian descent, if such can be found, who are properly qualified for the execution of the duties. And where any of the tribes are, in the opinion of the Secretary of War, competent to direct the employment of their blacksmiths, mechanics, teachers, farmers, or other persons engaged for them, the direction of such persons may be given to the proper authority of the tribe.