Part 21

[3] A more extended treatment of this point will be found in "Men _vs._ the Man," by Robert Rives La Monte and the present author: New York, 1910.

[4] In "The Kingdom of Man," London, 1907.

[5] John XIII, 34.

[6] "Nietzsche," Boston, 1912. Reprinted in "The Drift of Romanticism," pp. 147-190, Boston, 1913.

[7] "_Der Antichrist_," 57.

[8] "_Vom Nutzen und Nachtheil der Historie für das Leben_," IX.

[9] "_Der Wille zur Macht_", 958.

HOW TO STUDY NIETZSCHE

Through the diligence and enthusiasm of Dr. Oscar Levy, author of "The Revival of Aristocracy," a German by birth but for some time a resident of London, the whole canon of Nietzsche's writings is now to be had in English translation. So long ago as 1896 a complete edition in eleven volumes was projected, and Dr. Alexander Tille, lecturer on German in the University of Glasgow, and author of "_Von Darwin bis Nietzsche_," was engaged to edit it. But though it started fairly with a volume including "The Case of Wagner" and "The Antichrist," and four more volumes followed after a year or so, it got no further than that. Ten years later came Dr. Levy. He met with little encouragement when he began, but by dint of unfailing perseverance he finally gathered about him a corps of competent translators, made arrangements with publishers in Great Britain and the United States, and got the work under way. His eighteenth and last volume was published early in 1913.

These translations, in the main, are excellent, and explanatory prefaces and notes are added wherever needed. The contents of the various volumes are as follows:

I. "The Birth of Tragedy," translated by Wm. A. Haussmann, Ph. D., with a biographical introduction by Frau Förster-Nietzsche, a portrait of Nietzsche, and a facsimile of his manuscript.

II. "Early Greek Philosophy and Other Essays," translated by Maximilian A. Mügge, Ph. D., author of "Friedrich Nietzsche: His Life and Work." Contents: "The Greek Woman," "On Music and Words," "Homer's Contest," "The Relation of Schopenhauer's Philosophy to a German Culture," "Philosophy During the Tragic Age of the Greeks," and "On Truth and Falsity in Their Ultramoral Sense."

III. "On the Future of Our Educational Institutions" and "Homer and Classical Philology," translated by J. M. Kennedy, author of "The Quintessence of Nietzsche," with an introduction by the translator.

IV. "Thoughts Out of Season," I ("David Strauss, the Confessor and the Writer" and "Richard Wagner in Bayreuth"), translated by Anthony M. Ludovici, author of "Nietzsche: His Life and Works," "Nietzsche and Art," and "Who is to be Master of the World?" with an introduction by Dr. Levy and a preface by the translator.

V. "Thoughts Out of Season," II ("The Use and Abuse of History" and "Schopenhauer as Educator"), translated by Adrian Collins, M. A., with an introduction by the translator.

VI. "Human All-Too Human," I, translated by Helen Zimmern, with an introduction by J. M. Kennedy.

VII. "Human All-Too Human," II, translated by Paul V. Cohn, B. A., with an introduction by the translator.

VIII. "The Case of Wagner" (including "Nietzsche _contra_ Wagner" and selected aphorisms), translated by A. M. Ludovici, and "We Philologists," translated by J. M. Kennedy, with prefaces by the translators.

IX. "The Dawn of Day," translated by J. M. Kennedy, with an introduction by the translator.

X. "The Joyful Wisdom," translated by Thomas Common, author of "Nietzsche as Critic, Philosopher, Poet and Prophet" (including "Songs of Prince Free-as-a-Bird," translated by Paul V. Cohn and Maude D. Petre).

XI. "Thus Spake Zarathustra," translated by Thomas Common, with an introduction by Frau Förster-Nietzsche and explanatory notes by A. M. Ludovici.

XII. "Beyond Good and Evil," translated by Helen Zimmern, with an introduction by Thomas Common.

XIII. "The Genealogy of Morals," translated by Horace B. Samuel, M. A., and "People and Countries," translated by J. M. Kennedy, with an editor's note by Dr. Levy.

XIV. "The Will to Power," I, translated by A. M. Ludovici, with a preface by the translator.

XV. "The Will to Power," II, translated by A. M. Ludovici, with a preface by the translator.

XVI. "The Twilight of the Idols" (including "The Antichrist," "Eternal Recurrence" and explanatory notes to "Thus Spake Zarathustra"), translated by A. M. Ludovici, with a preface by the translator.

XVII. "Ecce Homo," translated by A. M. Ludovici; various songs, epigrams and dithyrambs, translated by Paul V. Cohn, Herman Scheffauer, Francis Bickley and Dr. G. T. Wrench; and the music of Nietzsche's "Hymn to Life" (words by Lou Salomé), with an introduction by Mr. Ludovici, a note to the poetry by Dr. Levy, and a reproduction of Karl Donndorf's bust of Nietzsche.

XVIII. Index.

The student who would read Nietzsche had better begin with one of the aphoristic books, preferably "The Dawn of Day." From that let him proceed to "Beyond Good and Evil," "The Genealogy of Morals" and "The Antichrist." He will then be ready to understand "Thus Spake Zarathustra." Later on he may read "Ecce Homo" and dip into "The Joyful Wisdom," "Human All-Too Human" and "The Will to Power," as his fancy suggests. The Wagner pamphlets are of more importance to Wagnerians than to students of Nietzsche's ideas, and the early philological and critical essays have lost much of their interest by the passage of time. Nietzsche's poetry had better be avoided by all who cannot read it in the original German. The English translations are mostly very free and seldom satisfactory.

Of the larger Nietzschean commentaries in English the best is "Friedrich Nietzsche: His Life and Work," by M. A. Mügge. Appended to it is a bibliography of 850 titles--striking evidence of the attention that Nietzsche's ideas have gained in the world. Other books that will be found useful are "The Quintessence of Nietzsche," by J. M. Kennedy; "Nietzsche: His Life and Works," by Anthony M. Ludovici; "The Gospel of Superman," by Henri Lichtenberger, translated from the French by J. M. Kennedy; "The Philosophy of Nietzsche," by Georges Chatterton-Hill, and "The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche," by Grace Neal Dolson, Ph. D., this last a pioneer work of permanent value. Lesser studies are to be found in "Friedrich Nietzsche," by A. R. Orage; "Nietzsche as Critic, Philosopher, Poet and Prophet," by Thomas Common; "Friedrich Nietzsche and His New Gospel," by Emily S. Hamblen, and "Nietzsche," by Paul Elmer More. Interesting discussions of various Nietzschean ideas are in "The Revival of Aristocracy," by Dr. Oscar Levy; "Who is to be Master of the World?" by A. M. Ludovici; "On the Tracks of Life," by Leo G. Sera, translated from the Italian by J. M. Kennedy; "Nietzsche and Art," by A. M. Ludovici, and "The Mastery of Life," by G. T. Wrench. Selections from Nietzsche's writings are put together under subject headings in "Nietzsche in Outline and Aphorism," by A. R. Orage; "Nietzsche: His Maxims," by J. M. Kennedy, and "The Gist of Nietzsche," by H. L. Mencken. An elaborate and invaluable summary of all Nietzsche's writings, book by book, is to be found in "What Nietzsche Taught," by Willard H. Wright. This volume, the fruit of very diligent labor, is admirably concise and well-ordered.

The standard biography of Nietzsche is "_Das Leben Friedrich Nietzsches_" by Frau Förster-Nietzsche, a large work in three volumes. In 1911 Frau Förster-Nietzsche prepared a shorter version and this has since been done into English by A. M. Ludovici, and published in two volumes, under the title of "The Life of Nietzsche." Unluckily, so devoted a sister was not the best person to deal with certain episodes in the life of her brother and hero. The gaps she left and the ameliorations she attempted are filled and corrected in "The Life of Friedrich Nietzsche," by Daniel Halévy, translated from the French by J. M. Hone, with an extraordinarily brilliant introduction by T. M. Kettle, M. P.

Small but suggestive studies of Nietzsche and his ideas are to be found in "Egoists," "Mezzotints in Modern Music," and "The Pathos of Distance," by James Huneker; "Degeneration," by Max Nordau; "Affirmations," by Havelock Ellis; "Aristocracy and Evolution," by W. H. Mallock; "Heretics" and "Orthodoxy," by G. K. Chesterton; "Lectures and Essays on Natural Theology," by William Wallace; "Heralds of Revolt," by William Barry, D. D.; "Essays in Sociology," by J. M. Robertson; "The Larger Aspects of Socialism," by William English Walling; "Three Modern Seers," by Mrs. Havelock Ellis; "Slaves to Duty," by J. Badcock; "In Peril of Change," by C. F. G. Masterman; "Man's Place in the Cosmos," by A. Seth Pringle Pattison; and "Gospels of Anarchy," by Vernon Lee (Violet Paget). George Bernard Shaw's variations upon Nietzschean themes are in "The Revolutionist's Handbook," appended to "Man and Superman." Of magazine articles dealing with the prophet of the superman there has been no end of late. Most of them are worthless, but any bearing the name of Grace Neal Dolson, Thomas Common, Thomas Stockham Baker or Maude D. Petre may be read with profit. One of the best discussions of Nietzsche I have ever encountered was contributed to the _Catholic World_ during December, 1905, and January, February, March, May and June, 1906, by Miss Petre. It is to be regretted that these excellent papers, which sought to rescue Nietzsche from the misunderstandings of Christian critics, have not been re-printed in book-form.

INDEX

Adieu, I Must Go!, patriotic song _Amor fati_ Anarchism Andreas-Salomé, _see_ Salomé. Antichrist, The-- Publication of Quotations from Style of English translation of Apollo-- First conception of God of music and poetry Influence of Conflict with Dionysus Aquinas, Thomas Arcelaus Aristocracy Art for art's sake Asceticism, 21 _footnote_ Atheism

Bacchus Dionysus-- First conception of Imported into Greece God of strenuous life Conflict with Apollo Nietzsche a Dionysian Bad, definition of Badcock, J. Baker, Thomas Stockham Balfour, A. J. Barry, Wm. Basel, University of-- Nietzsche appointed prof. Lectures on Greek drama In academic society Leave of absence Resigns professorship In asylum at Income at Beauty, the idea of Beer, Nietzsche's dislike of Beyle, Marie Henri, _see_ Stendhal. Beyond Good and Evil-- Publication of Quotations from Argument of English translation of Beyond-man, _see_ Higher man. Bible, Nietzsche's knowledge of Bible, quotations from Bickley, Francis Birth of Tragedy, The-- Its genesis and publication Doctrine of Quotation from Revised English translation of Bizet's music Blake, William Blond beast Bonn, Nietzsche's career at Bradley, Henry Brandes, Georg Buddhism Burkhardt, Prof. Butler, Samuel Callicles Castes _Catholic World_ Celibacy Chamfort Chandala, _see_ Masses. Charity Chatterton-Hill, Georges Chesterton, G. K. Chivalry Chloral, Nietzsche's use of Christian Science Christianity-- Nietzsche's indictment of Scientific revolt against Its dogmas examined Free will vs. determinism Its slave-morality Charity Opposition to natural selection Nietzsche's attack on self-sacrifice Origin of Christianity Cohn, Paul V. College, American Collins, Adrian Commercialism Common, Thomas Comte, Auguste Conscience, the nature of Costume Cron, Bernard, _see_ Gast. Crucifixion, the Culture, German

Dancing Darwin, Charles David Strauss, the Confessor and the Writer-- Publication of Quotation from English translation of _See also_ Strauss, David. Dawn of Day, The-- Publication of Quotations from English translation of Death-- The right to die Regulation of Attitude at Death of Nietzsche Decalogue Degeneracy, Nietzsche's alleged Degeneration, Nordau's book Democracy Descartes Desire Determinism Diderot Diogenes Laërtius, early essay on Dionysus, _see_ Bacchus. Dionysus, the Philosophy of Eternal Recurrence, plan of proposed book Doctor of philosophy Dolson, Grace Neal Donndorf, Karl Drama, Greek Draper, J. W. Dreams Dualism

Ecce Homo-- Publication of Quotations from English translation of Education, perils of State aid Egoism, Stirner's Elective Affinities Ellis, Havelock Ellis, Mrs. Havelock Emerson, Ralph Waldo Empedocles Encyclopedists, French Engadine, summers in English translation of Nietzsche Englishmen Eternal recurrence-- Origin of the idea Its fascinations for Nietzsche Effect on superman European, the good Eusebius, Pamphilius Evil, definition of; _see also_ Bad. Falckenberg, Richard Faust Fiske, John Fite, Warner Flaubert, Gustav Fontenelle Förster-Nietzsche, Elisabeth, Nietzsche's sister-- Her biography of her brother Editor of his works Marriage and widowhood Relations with Nietzsche Fouillée, Alfred Franco-Prussian war, service in Free spirit Free Spirit, The, plan of proposed book Free will Freedom Friedrich Wilhelm IV.

Gast, Peter Gaultier, Jules de Genealogy of Morals, The-- Publication of Quotations from English translation of Genoa Gentleman, the Gobineau God, the idea of Goethe Golden Rule Good, definition of Gould, Dr. George M. Grave of My Father, The, early poem Greatness, definition of Greek art, Nietzsche's theory of Greek drama, early essays on Greek Philosophy and Other Essays Greek Woman, The, essay Greeks, influence on Nietzsche Greeley, Horace

Haeckel, Ernst Halévy, Daniel Hamblen, Emily S. Happiness, definitions of Happiness, unattainable Haussmann, William A. Headaches, Nietzsche's Hegel Hegesippus Heine, Heinrich Hellen, E. von der Helvétius Heracleitus Herder _Herrenmoral, see_ Master-morality. Hesiod Higher man History, function of History, On the Good and Bad Effects of upon Human Life-- Publication of Quotations from English translation of Hobbes, Thomas Hölderlin, Friedrich Homer and Classical Philology, essay Hone, J. M. Human, All-too Human-- Publication of first volume Effect of upon friends and public Quotations from Second and third volumes English translation of Hume, Bennett Hume, David Humility Huneker, James Huxley, Thomas H. Hymn to Life Hypochondria, Nietzsche's

Ibsen, Henrik _Ideen_ Immoralist, The, plan of proposed book Income, Nietzsche's Inopportune Speculations-- First volume Plan of Quotation from English translation of Insanity, Nietzsche's

Jenner Jews Joel, Karl Jones, Henry Arthur Joyful Science, The-- Publication of Quotation from English translation of

Kant, Immanuel Kennedy, J. M. Kettle, T. M. Kipling, Rudyard Klopstock Koegel, Fritz Krafft-Ebing, R. von Krause, Dr., Nietzsche's great-uncle Krause, Frau, Nietzsche's great-grandmother

La Bruyère Lady, the La Monte, Robert Rives Lankester, E. Ray La Rochefoucauld Law, origin of Legislation, freak Leipsic, student days at Lessing Levy, Oscar Liberty, the worth of Lichtenberger, Henri Liszt, Franz _Litterarischen Vereinigung mania, Der_ Locke, John Lombroso, Cesare _L'Origine de la famille de Nietzsche_ Love, nature of Low, Sidney Ludovici, Anthony M.

Machiavelli Maggiore, Lake Mallock, W. H. Malthus Mammal, man as a Man, meaning of the word Mandeville Marienbad Markby, William Marriage, _see_ Women. Marx, Karl Masochism Masses, the Masterman, C. F. G. Master-morality Maternity Mencken, H. L. Mentone Messiah, The, Handel oratorio Meysenbug, Fräulein von Military service Miscellaneous Opinions and Aphorisms Mohammedanism Monarchy Monism Montaigne Moonlight on the Pussta, composition Moral order of the world Morality-- Definitions of Expression of expedience How it becomes fixed Master and slave morality Nietzsche's criticism of More, Paul Elmer Mügge, M. A. Music, Nietzsche's compositions Music, Nietzsche's love of

Natural morality Natural selection, _see_ Struggle for existence. Naumann, C. G. Naumburg, Nietzsche at New Thought Nice Nicholas of Cusa Nietzsche, Ermentrude, Nietzsche's grandmother Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, his characteristics-- As a boy Pride in his Polish descent Love of music A brilliant pupil His dislike of _biergemüthlichkeit_ Drug-taking As a professor Method of writing His intolerance Personal appearance Illnesses Insanity Literary style Women Relations to his sister Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, his life-- Birth Boyhood at Naumburg First writings At Pforta Matriculates at Bonn Student of Ritschl Removes to Leipsic Military service First philological work Discovery of Schopenhauer Takes his degree Professor at Basel First breakdown Publishes "The Birth of Tragedy" Other early essays Meeting with Wagner Meeting with Rée Human, All-too Human Affair with Lou Salomé Failing health Income Breakdown at Turin Death Nietzsche, Josef, Nietzsche's brother Nietzsche, Karl Ludwig, Nietzsche's father Nietzsche, Therese Elisabeth Alexandra, Nietzsche's sister, _see_ Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche versus Wagner-- Publication of English translation of Nietzschy Nirvana Nobility Nordau, Max

Orage, A. R. Osler, William Overbeck, Franz

Paganism, Nietzsche's Paget, Violet (Vernon Lee) Paine, Thomas Parmenides Parsons, Elsie Clews Pasteur, Louis Pattison, A. Seth Pringle Peace, universal Petre, Maude D. Pfleiderer, Otto Pforta Philologists, We, essay Philosophy Pindar, Judge, of Naumburg Pleasure and pain Plowshare, The Poetry, Nietzsche's Polish origin of Nietzsche family Poor Laws, effect of English Prayer Predestination Priestcraft Professor at Basel Progress, Nietzsche's program of Property rights Proudhon Pussta Pyrrho Pythagoras

Rée, Paul-- Nietzsche's meeting with Rivals in love Influence on Nietzsche Renaissance, Second Richard Wagner in Bayreuth-- Publication of English translation of _See also_ Wagner. Ritschl, Albrecht Ritschl, Frau Ritschl, Friedrich Wilhelm Robertson, J. M. Röcken Romantic movement in Germany Roosevelt, Theodore Rousseau

St. Austin Sallust Salomé, Lou-- Meeting with Nietzsche Book on Nietzsche Marriage Nietzsche's affair with Hymn to Life Samuel, Horace B. Science, its aims Scheffauer, Hermann Schiller Schooldays at Naumburg Schopenhauer, Arthur-- Nietzsche's discovery of The will-to-live Nietzsche's divergence Essay on Influence on Nietzsche Schopenhauer as a Teacher-- Publication of Quotations from English translation of Schumann, Robert Self-control Sera, Leo G. Seydlitz, Baron von Shaw, G. Bernard _Silberblick_ Sils Maria Sin, the Christian idea of Skepticism _Sklavmoral, see_ Slave-morality. Slave-morality Smith, Adam Social contract Socialism Socrates Sorrento Spencer, Herbert Spinoza State, origin of Stendhal Stirner, Max Strauss, David Friedrich _see also_ David Strauss, the Confessor and the Writer. Strauss, Richard, 55. Struggle for existence Style, Nietzsche's German Suicide Superman-- Described His purposes His characteristics Sympathy

Taine Teacher, Nietzsche as a Teachers, their characteristics Thoughts Out of Season, _see_ Inopportune Speculations. Tille, Alexander Tobacco, Nietzsche's dislike of Tr----, Fräulein, Nietzsche's proposal to Tragedy, its origin Tribschen Truth-- Definitions of Its origin in error The scientific method Turck, Dr. Turin, breakdown at Twilight of the Idols, The-- Publication of Quotations from English translation of

Vauvenarges Venice Voltaire

Wagner, The Case of-- Publication of Quotation from English translation of Wagner, Cosima Wagner, Richard-- Meeting with Nietzsche Nietzsche visits at Tribschen Richard Wagner in Bayreuth Burlesqued in Thus Spake Zarathustra The Case of Wagner Nietzsche vs. Wagner Nietzsche as a Wagnerian Wagner and Schopenhauer Parsifal Bayreuth opening Break with Nietzsche Nietzsche's last words on Walker, J. L. Wallace, Alfred Russell Wallace, William Walling, William English Wanderer and His Shadow, The War, benefits of War, Heracleitus on Weimar White, Andrew D. Wieland Wife Will-to-live Will-to-power Will-to-Power, The-- Plan of proposed work Notes published Quotation from English translation of Windelband, Wilhelm Women-- Nietzsche's personal attitude Their chief duty Their slave-morality Sources of their weakness Their guile Man's attitude toward them Marriage "Don't forget thy whip!" Schopenhauer on The lady Wrench, G. T. Wright, Willard H.

Zarathustra, Thus Spake-- Publication of Plan of Quotations from Richard Strauss' tone-poem English translation of Zeno Zimmern, Helen Zoroaster, _see_ Zarathustra.