CHAPTER XIII

AIDS AND ATTRACTIONS TO TRAFFIC AND TRAVEL 418

Pleasure Riding -- Extent, Advantages to a Community to Have Tourists Pass through, Ranking and Parking, Parking Spaces a Convenience to Motorists -- Space for and Angle of Parking, Location of Parking Spaces, One Way and Rotary Traffic, Opera House Traffic, Public Garages -- Several Story Garages. Terminal Stations -- Omaha, Poughkeepsie, Elsewhere. Gas, Air and Water Stations, Named and Numbered Roads; Marks, Signs and Guides -- Distance and Direction Signs, Letters and Colors, Warning Signs, Map Signs, Detour Signs, Location of Detour Markers, Dummy Cop, Semaphores, Signal Lights and Colors, Road and Street Lighting, City Traffic Lighting, Traffic Officer, Semaphore and Towers. Touring: Prevalency and Pleasures of, Camping -- Grounds, Caravans, and Equipment. Camp Sites, Hotels, Parks, Information Bureaus and Agencies.

INDEX 465

LIST OF INSERTS

1. STORM KING HIGHWAY _Frontispiece_ A Great Engineering Project Along the Hudson between Cornwall and West Point, N. Y. PAGE

2. THE APPIAN WAY 22 Showing the original Paving Stones laid 300 B.C.

3. MAP OF ITALY 24 Showing Some of the Twenty or More Roads that Radiated from Rome.

4. MAP OF ROMAN ROADS IN ENGLAND 26 (After Jackman: “Development of Transportation in Modern England.”)

5. MAP OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PORTION OF THE UNITED STATES 36 Showing the Location of Well-known Portages. There Were Other Portages Wherever Two Water Courses Came Near to Each Other. (See Farrand: “American Nation,” Vol. I, and Thwaites, Ib. Vol. VII.)

6. MAP 42 Showing Main Highways and Waterways in the United States about 1830. When the Railroads Entered the Industrial Arena, the Country Was Being Covered With a Net Work of Highways. (Based on Tanner’s Map of 1825 and Turner in “American Nation,” Vol. XIV.)

7. MAP 54 Showing Transcontinental Trails in the United States.

8. WAY BILL 66 Used on the Slaymaker Stage Line from Lancaster to Philadelphia, 1815. (Courtesy of Prof. P. K. Slaymaker, Lincoln, Nebr.)

9. THE SAULT STE. MARIE CANAL 76

10. THE EVOLUTION OF THE RAILWAY TRAIN 102 1. The First Railway Coach--1825. 2. Horse Power Locomotive--1829-30. 3. Stourbridge Lion--1829. 4. Stevenson’s Rocket Locomotive--1829. 5. The DeWitt Clinton Locomotive--1831. (From Brown’s “First Locomotive”--Courtesy of D. Appleton & Company.)

11. MODERN LOCOMOTIVES 120 1. Showing the Growth in the Size of Locomotives During the Past Twenty Years. The Smaller Locomotive is an _American_ Type Class Engine of 1900. The Larger is a _Mountain Type_ Engine. Both are Used on the C. B. & Q. R. R. Photographed at Lincoln, Nebr., Sept., 1922. 2. One of the New Gearless _Electric_ Locomotives Built by the General Electric Company for the C. M. & St. Paul R. R.

12. TRANSPORTATION ACROSS DEATH VALLEY 126 A Picturesque Method of Earlier Days.

13. GOOD ROADS DAY IN JACKSON COUNTY, MO. 132

14. CHART OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS AND RURAL ENGINEERING, 1917 142

15. HARD SURFACE HIGHWAY IN OREGON 146

16. A FARMER’S WIFE MEETING THE POSTAL TRUCK 146

17. TRACKLESS TROLLEY OPERATED ON STATEN ISLAND, N. Y. 166

18. MOTOR OR RAIL-CAR 166 Showing the Gasoline Locomotive and Trailer, Operated by the Chicago & Great Western R. R.

19. THE EVOLUTION OF THE STEAM AUTOMOBILE 182 1. The Cugnot Steam Carriage--1770. 2. The Trevithick & Vivian Steam Carriage--1801. 3. The Gurney Steam Carriage--1827. 4. The Church Automobile Carriage (Steam)--1833. 5. Gaillardit’s Steam Carriage--1894. (Courtesy of the _Scientific American_.)

20. A MODERN RURAL PASSENGER BUS 184

21. A NEW YORK CITY “STEPLESS” BUS 184 It Has an Emergency Door, with Wire Window Guards, and will Seat 30 Persons.

22. THE EVOLUTION OF THE GASOLINE MOTOR CAR 188 1. Panhard & Levassor Carriage--1895. 2. Duryea Motor Wagon--1895. 3. The Benz Motocycle. 4. Hertel’s Gasoline Carriage--1896. 5. The Olds Horseless Carriage. 6. Winton’s Racing Machine. (Courtesy of the _Scientific American_.)

23. HAULING BEANS BY MOTOR TRUCK AND TRAILER 200 Sacramento Valley, Calif.

24. HAULING SUGAR BEETS TO MARKET IN A MOTOR TRUCK 200

25. TRAFFIC ON FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY 234

26. GIVING A MACADAM ROAD AN APPLICATION OF TARVIA BINDER 254 This is Followed by a Coat of Screenings and then the Road is Rolled Again.

27. A ROAD OF MIXED ASPHALT AND CONCRETE BEING TESTED OUT 254

28. CROWNING A DIRT ROAD IN CALIFORNIA WITH TRACTOR DRAWN GRADER 263

29. A MILK TRUCK EQUIPPED WITH BOTH CANS AND TANK 296

30. A LUMBER LOG TRUCK USED IN THE NORTHWEST 296

31. A NATIONAL HIGHWAY IN THE MOUNTAINS OF MARYLAND 332

32. A DANGEROUS CURVE MADE SAFE BY AN ARTISTIC CONCRETE WALL 364 The Tennessee State Highway at Lookout Mountain, Built of Cemented Concrete.

33. PIN OAK STREET TREES 388 About 15 Years Old on Land that Was Once Considered to be a part of the “Great American Desert.”

34. A COTTONWOOD WIND BREAK 388 Formerly very Common in the Prairie Region.

35. WARNING AND DIRECTION SIGNS USED IN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS 434

36. TRAFFIC GUIDES 442 (From Eno’s “The Science of Highway Traffic Regulation.”)

37. NEW YORK CITY TRAFFIC GUIDES 444 “In November, 1903, one hundred blue and white enameled signs, directing slow-moving vehicles to keep near the right-hand curb, were put in use in New York. These were probably the first traffic regulation signs ever used.” (From Eno’s “The Science of Highway Traffic Regulation.”)

38. TRAFFIC TOWER ON FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY 446

39. CAMPING GROUND AND CARAVAN 458

40. A GIPSYING TOURING CARAVAN 458

HIGHWAYS AND HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION