CHAPTER XI

MORAL AND RELIGIOUS PHASES

Abbott, Lyman. _Womanhood._ Oregon Social Hygiene Society. Circular no. 16.

Bible. Mark X, 2-12. Compare Deut. XXIV, 1-4.

Bible. Matt. V, 27-30.

Bible. I Cor. 7.

Foerster, F.W. _Marriage and the Sex Problem._ New York, 1912.

Hall, G.S. _Adolescence._ New York, 1908. Chaps. XIII-XV.

Hamilton, Cosmo. _A Plea for the Younger Generation._ New York, 1913.

James, William. _Varieties of Religious Experience._ New York, 1911. Chap. I.

PERIODICALS

The following periodicals are sources of news in regard to sex education, sex hygiene, and allied subjects:--

_American Breeders' Magazine; A Journal of Genetics and Eugenics._ Published quarterly by the American Breeders' Association. Washington, D.C. Sent to members, annual membership, $2.00.

American Medical Association: _Journal._ Published weekly by the American Medical Association, 535 Dearborn Avenue, Chicago, Ill. $5.00 yearly.

_American Physical Education Review._ Published monthly by the American Physical Education Association, Springfield, Mass. $3.00 yearly.

_Eugenics Review._ Published quarterly by the Eugenics Education Society, 6, York Buildings, Adelphi, London. _4s. 6d._ yearly.

_Journal of Educational Psychology._ Published monthly, except July and August, by Warwick & York, Baltimore, Md. $2.50 yearly.

_Social Diseases._ Published quarterly. 105 West 40th Street, New York City. $1.00 yearly.

_Survey; A Journal of Constructive Philanthropy._ Published weekly by the Survey Associates, 105 East 22d Street, New York City. $2.00 yearly.

_Vigilance._ A monthly magazine correlating constructive efforts for the suppression of the social evil. Published monthly by the American Vigilance Association, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. $1.00 yearly.

U.S. Commissioner of Education. Monthly record of current educational publications. Bibliography, published monthly, devotes one section to sex hygiene. Sent free from Commissioner's Office, Washington, D.C.

ORGANIZATIONS INTERESTED IN SOCIAL HYGIENE

American Federation for Sex Hygiene. Combined with American Vigilance Association to form American Social Hygiene Association.

American Health Defense League. 37 Liberty Street, New York City.

American Medical Association. 535 Dearborn Avenue, Chicago. Secy., Dr. Alex. R. Craig.

American Purity Alliance. 207 East 15th Street, New York City.

American Social Hygiene Association. 105 West 40th Street, New York City. Secys., Dr. William Snow, J.B. Reynolds.

American Unitarian Association. Department of Social and Public Service. Committee on Sex Education and Hygiene. Boston, Mass.

American Vigilance Association. Combined with American Federation for Sex Hygiene to form American Social Hygiene Association.

Bureau of Social Hygiene. Members: Davis, Katharine B.; Warburg, Paul M.; Murphy, Starr J.; Rockefeller, John D., Jr., Chairman. P.O. Box 579, New York City.

California Social Hygiene Society. San Francisco. Secy., C.N. White.

Chicago Society of Social Hygiene. 100 State Street, Chicago. Secy., W.T. Belfield.

Colorado Society for Social Health. Denver, Colo.

Committee of Fourteen. 27 E. 22d Street, New York City. Secy., F.H. Whitin.

Commonwealth Club of California. 804 First National Bank Building, San Francisco, Cal.

Connecticut Society of Social Hygiene. 42 High Street, Hartford, Conn. Secy., T.N. Hepburn.

Detroit Society for Sex Hygiene. 33 High Street E., Detroit, Mich. Secy., Raymond E. Van Syckle.

Friends' Committee on Philanthropic Labor. Park Avenue and Laurens Street, Baltimore, Md.

Illinois Vigilance Association. 153 Lasalle Street, Chicago.

Indiana Society of Social Hygiene. 723 Hume-Mansur Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Secy., Dr. H.G. Hamer.

Indiana State Board of Health. Indianapolis, Ind. International Congress on School Hygiene. Fourth meeting held in Buffalo, August 27-29, 1913.

International Purity Association.

Juvenile Protective Association. 816 South Halsted Street, Chicago.

Los Angeles Society of Social Hygiene. 311 Higgins Building, Los Angeles, Cal.

Maryland Society of Social Hygiene. 15 E. Pleasant Street, Baltimore, Md. Secy., Howard C. Hill.

Massachusetts Association of Boards of Health. Boston, Mass.

Massachusetts Society for Sex Education. 7 Hancock Avenue, Boston, Mass.

Massachusetts State Board of Health. State House, Boston, Mass.

Mexican Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis of Venereal Diseases.

Milwaukee Society of Social and Moral Hygiene. Milwaukee, Wis.

National Conference of Charities and Corrections. Angola, Ind. Secy., Alexander Johnson.

National Consumers' League. 105 East 22d Street, New York City.

National Education Association. Ann Arbor, Mich. Secy., D.W. Springer.

National Purity Association. 79 Fifth Avenue, Chicago.

New Jersey Society for the Prevention of Social Diseases. East Orange, N.J. Secy., Dr. Thomas N. Gray.

New York State Reformatory for Women at Bedford. Laboratory of Social Hygiene. Supt., Katharine Bement Davis.

New Zealand Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis.

Oregon Social Hygiene Society. 703 Selling Building, Portland, Ore. Secy., H.H. Moore.

Oregon State Board of Health. 720 Selling Building, Portland, Ore. Secy., Dr. Calvin S. White.

Pacific Coast Federation for Sex Hygiene. Portland, Ore. Secy., H.H. Moore.

Pennsylvania Society for the Study and Prevention of Social Diseases. 1708 Locust Street, Philadelphia. Secy., R.N. Wilson.

Rhode Island State Board of Health. State House, Providence, R.I.

St. Louis Society of Social Hygiene. St. Louis, Mo. Secy., Dr. H.E. Kleinschmidt.

School of Eugenics of Boston. 168 Newbury Street, Boston, Mass.

Seattle Society of Hygiene. League Building, Seattle, Wash. Secy., Dr. Sydney Strong.

Social Purity and White Cross Movement. The Philanthropist, P.O. Box 2554, New York City.

Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis. 611 Tilden Building, 105 West 40th Street, New York City. Secy., Dr. E.L. Keyes, Jr.

Spokane Society of Social and Moral Hygiene. 420 Old National Bank Building, Spokane, Wash. Secy., Dr. J.R. Lantz.

Texas State Society of Social Hygiene. San Antonio, Texas. Secy., Dr. T.Y. Hull.

Triennial Congress for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic. Fifth meeting held in London, June 30-July 4, 1913.

Washington State Board of Education. Olympia, Washington.

West Virginia Society of Social Hygiene. Elkins, West Va. Secy., O.G. Wilson, Supt. of Public Schools.

World's Purity Federation. LaCrosse, Wis. Pres., B.S. Steadwell.

REPORTS AND INVESTIGATIONS

MUNICIPAL

Atlanta, Ga. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1912.

Chicago. Vice Commission. _Social Evil in Chicago._ Chicago, 1911.

Cleveland. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1911.

Columbia, Mo. Vice Commission. Appointed March, 1913.

Columbus, Ohio. Appointed March, 1913.

Denver, Colo. Vice Commission. Appointed September 15, 1912. Became Denver Morals Commission January 31, 1913.

Grand Rapids. Morals Efficiency Commission of the Citizens. To carry on work started by Committee of 41.

Hartford, Conn. Vice Commission. Appointed January, 1912.

Jacksonville, Fla. Vice Commission. Appointed September, 1912.

Kansas City. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1912.

Little Rock, Ark. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1912.

Macon, Ga. Vice Commission. Appointed January, 1913.

Minneapolis. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1911.

New York City-- Seligman, E.R.A., ed. _Social Evil._ New York, 1912. Kneeland, G.J. _Commercialized Prostitution in New York City._ New York, 1913.

Philadelphia. Vice Commission. _Report._ Philadelphia, 1913.

Portland, Ore. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1913.

Rochester. Vice Commission. _Report._

St. Paul, Minn. Morals Committee. _Report._

San Francisco-- Commonwealth Club of California. _Report on Prevalence of Venereal Diseases._ February, 1911.

Shreveport, La. Vice Commission. Appointed April, 1913.

Syracuse. Moral Survey Committee. _Report on the Social Evil in Syracuse._ 1913.

STATE

Illinois. Vice Commission. Appointed February, 1913.

Maryland. Vice Commission. Appointed March, 1913.

Massachusetts. Vice Commission. Established April, 1913.

Missouri. Vice Commission. Appointed April, 1913.

Wisconsin. Vice Commission. Established May, 1913.

STANDING COMMISSIONS

Pittsburg, Pa. Morals Efficiency Commission. Appointed May, 1912. Chairman, Frederick A. Rhodes.

Minneapolis. Morals Commission. Appointed March, 1913. Chairman, Dr. Marion D. Shutter.

Denver. Morals Commission. Appointed January 31, 1913. Chairman, Rev. H.F. Rail.

New York. Committee of Fourteen.

Chicago. Morals Court.

INDEX

Addams, Jane, cited, 47, 139.

Adolescence, a critical period, 127; begins at puberty, 127; information and entertainment sought during, 128, 129; evils to which it is exposed, 130-34; ways in which the boy may be helped during, 137-41.

Adolescents, sex impulse in, 27.

Agencies of sex education, summary, 191-93.

American Social Hygiene Association, 12.

Amusement parks, dangers of, 19, 75.

Armies, dangers of their camps, 67.

Athletics, benefits of, 138. _See_ Play.

Bathing, benefits of, 138.

Bill-boards, evils of, 19.

Billiard rooms, dangers of, 19, 74.

Biological aspect of the social emergency, 23.

Blindness, sometimes due to venereal infection, 32, 34.

Boating, 82.

Bodily regimen. _See_ Regimen.

Books, 7, 11, 195.

Boston, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.

Botany, study of, in upper grades and high schools, 93.

_Boy Problem, The_, quoted, 138.

Boys, pre-pubescent and pubescent instruction to be given to, 98-102; teaching phases for, 127-53; adolescence of, 127-30; evils to which they are exposed (masturbation, mental suffering, illicit intercourse), 130-34; are normally clean, 134, 152; ways in which they may be helped during adolescence, 137-41; subjects and methods of instruction for, 142-49; conditions to be observed in giving instruction to, 149-52.

Camps, construction and lumber, 66; military, 67; school and municipal, 82.

Card parties, 78.

Carnivals, 76, 77.

Castration, effect of, 144.

Chastity, double standard of, 14, 136, 146.

Chicago, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.

Chicago Juvenile Protective Association, quoted, 63.

Chicago Vice Commission, report of, 60.

Child labor, abolition of, 68.

Children, infection in, 34, 35.

Clean living, importance of, to be indicated to the boy, 140, 141, 147.

Clothing of girls, 157, 161, 162.

Clubs, social, 77, 80.

Colleges, instruction in sex relations to begin in, 3; sex education for teachers to be given in, 192.

Commissions, vice, 51-61.

Companions of the boy, 139.

Consecration, 186, 187.

Consumers' League of Oregon, 57.

Contagion, sources and conditions of, 15. _See_ Venereal infection, Venereal diseases.

Control. _See_ Self-control.

Cost of living, 16. _See_ Wages and vice.

Dance-halls, 19.

Dances, 78.

Degeneracy, sexual, road to race extinction, 23.

Department stores, employment of girls in, 63.

Diseases. _See_ Venereal diseases.

Domestic service, 46-48, 64.

Double standard of chastity, 14; abandonment of, 136, 146.

Dress of women, 19.

Drunkenness and prostitution, 3, 4.

Economic phases of immorality, 16-18, 45-69; women as wage-earners, 46; wages and immorality, 50-62; industrial stress, and dangers in seeking employment, 62-64; improvements recommended, 67, 68; bibliography, 206, 207.

Education, industrial, compulsory, recommended, 68; public, the greatest need, 190; summary of agencies of, 191-93; of methods of, 193-97; of materials of, 197-99; of ideals of, 199-201. _See_ Educational phases, Instruction, Teaching phases.

Educational phases of the social emergency, 21-23, 84-103; aims of sex education, 84-86; bodily regimen, 87, 88; mental control, 88, 89; first principle of instruction in reproduction, 89-92; nature study, botany, etc., 92, 93; pre-pubescent and pubescent instruction, 93-102; difference between man and animals the basis of instruction, 105, 106; first instruction, 106; a true philosophy must lie back of instruction, 106, 107; bibliography, 208, 209.

Ehrlich, his cure for syphilis, 38, 39.

Eight-hour day, 67.

Employment bureaus, 64.

Excursions, 76.

Exner, Dr. M.J., statement of, regarding sexual continence, 29, 30 _n._

Family, not competent to instruct in sex relations, 3.

Federal Government, report on women's wages, 55, 56.

Federal report (Woman and Child Wage-Earners), 59.

Festivals, 76, 77.

Freud, his view of sex basis, 86.

Girls, pre-pubescent and pubescent instruction to be given to, 96-98; teaching phases for, 154-67; stability of nervous system, 154-58; menstruation and menstrual pain, 159-61; clothing of, 161, 162; in industry, 162, 163; housing of unmarried, 163, 164; instruction to be given on reproduction, 164-67.

Girls' high schools, 161.

Gonorrhea and the gonorrhea microbe, 33-39, 100, 146, 199.

Hall, G. Stanley, his view of sex basis, 86.

Holabird, William, 135.

Home, the, as recreation and social center, 78, 79.

Hotels, employment of girls in, 63.

Housing of unmarried girls, 163, 164.

Howell, Dr. William H., quoted on the sexual appetite, 31.

Hygiene. _See_ Social emergency, Reproduction.

Ice-cream parlors, 19.

Ideals of sex education, 199-201.

Illinois State Senate, vice investigation made by, 61.

Immorality and wages, 16, 17, 50-62.

Industrial education for women, lack of, 48.

Industrial efficiency, connected with social hygiene problems, 3, 18.

Industrial stress, its bearing upon sexual hygiene and morals, 62-64.

Infection. _See_ Venereal infection.

Instruction in sex hygiene and the physiology of reproduction, what, when, and by whom to be given, 3, 10, 25, 42-44, 90-102, 106, 110-122, 142-49, 179-89, 191; mistakes in, serious, 9; list of subjects to be considered, 148, 149; conditions to be observed in giving, 149-52; for girls, 164-67. _See_ Education, Educational phases, Teaching phases.

Instructors in sex relations, lack of competent, 3, 10, 11, 192.

Insurance, recommended, 67.

Intoxicating liquors and commercialized prostitution, 17.

Investigations into immorality and diseases, 196.

Kelley, Florence, quoted on department stores, 63.

Kingsley, Charles, quoted, 141.

Lectures, 7, 78, 192, 193.

Legislation and prostitution, 20, 21.

Living wage. _See_ Wages.

Love, as controller of passion, 174-78.

Marriage, age of, and age of sexual maturity, discrepancy between, 13, 27, 28.

Marriage laws, object of, 27.

Massachusetts Commission on Minimum Wage Boards, report of, 54-57.

Masturbation, 130-32, 145, 198.

Materials of sex education, summary, 197-99.

Medical phases of immorality, 15, 16, 32-44; statistics of venereal diseases in the United States, 32; the microbes of syphilis and gonorrhea, 36-39; infection of innocent persons, 39-41; possibility of recovery, 41; bibliography, 205.

Medicine, means of defense against social evils provided by, 2, 4.

Menstrual pain, 159-61.

Menstruation, 159-61.

Mental suffering among adolescents, 130, 131.

Methods of sex education, summary, 193-97.

Minimum wage, 67.

Ministers, not competent to give instruction in sex relations, 3.

Minneapolis, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.

Moral and religious phases of the social emergency, 23, 168-89; bibliography, 212.

_Mother Nature and Her Helpers,_ 104, 107.

Motion-pictures, 6, 19, 72.

Muscular activity, importance of, 155-58.

Nature study, 92.

Nervous system, stability of, 154-58.

Newspapers, 79.

New York, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.

Noguchi, his test of the syphilis microbe, 38.

Normal schools, instruction in sex relations to begin in, 3; sex education for teachers to be given in, 192.

Novels, 7.

Opiates, 63.

Orders, social, 77, 80.

Oregon, surveys made by the Consumers' League in, 52, 53.

Oregon Social Hygiene Society, 151, 195 _n._

Paralysis, 32, 34.

Parenthood, 180, 181.

Parents, confidence between child and, in matters of reproduction, 89-92, 110-22; meetings for, 122-26. _See_ Instruction.

Paresis, 32.

Parties, social, 78.

Passion, controlled by love, 174-78; by religious fervor 176.

Patten, Prof. Simon N., quoted, 51.

Pessimism, 173.

Philadelphia, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.

Physical exercise, 138, 139. _See_ Play.

Physiological phases of immorality, 13-15, 25-31; instruction in physiology of reproduction, 25; the sex impulse, 26-28; belief in physiological necessity of gratification, 28-31, 33, 99, 146, 176, 198; bibliography, 204, 205.

Physiology, study of, 93.

Picture post-cards, 19.

Play, 81-83, 87, 88.

Playgrounds, 81-83.

Pool-halls, 74.

Portland, Ore., women's wages in, 52, 53; attendance at moving-picture shows in, 72.

Portland, Ore., Municipal Employment Bureau, 64.

Portland, Ore., Vice Commission, 57, 60.

Priests, not competent to give instruction in sex relations, 3.

Problem plays, 6.

Property, used for immoral purposes, 17.

Prostitutes, what is to be done with them, 14; status of, 65. _See_ Prostitution.

Prostitution, past efforts to deal with, 1, 3; physiological factors of, 13-15, 25-31; medical phase of, 15, 16; economic phases of, 16-18; commercialized, 17, 18, 195; and recreational pursuits, 19; legal phases of, 20, 21; and public education, 21-23; moral and religious aspects of, 23; biological aspect of, 23. _See_ Social emergency.

Psychic therapy, 160.

Public opinion, relation of, to public education and to law enforcement, 21.

Quack doctors, 7, 18, 30, 130, 145, 199.

Recreation centers, 81-88.

Recreation movement, 81-83.

Recreational phases of the social emergency, 19, 70-83; bibliography, 207.

Regimen for boys, 87, 88, 137.

Religious aspect of the social emergency, 23, 168-89; bibliography, 212.

Reproduction, silence hitherto in regard to, 1, 2, 5, 6; recent change of attitude in regard to matters of, 6, 7; dangers in this change of attitude, 7-12; instruction in, 25, 89-102, 106, 110-22, 164-67; the impulse toward, 26-28; instruction in, at present lacking, 84; aims of instruction in, 84-86; a true philosophy must lie back of instruction in, 106, 107; bibliography, 204. _See_ Instruction.

Road-houses, 19, 75, 76.

St. Louis, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.

St. Paul, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.

Saloons, 19, 74.

"Salvarsan," 39.

Schaudinn, his determination of the syphilis microbe, 37.

Schools, responsibility of, 70; sex instruction should be given in, 191.

Seager, Prof. H.R., cited, 62.

Self-control, the importance of, 88, 146, 147, 174-79, 200, 201.

Seminal emissions, 131, 145, 146, 199.

Sex, matters of, connection between moral and religious matters and, 168-89; sacredness of, 186, 187.

Sex impulse, 26-28.

Sex life of child, 108-10.

Sex relations, silence hitherto in regard to, 1, 2, 5, 6; lack of competent instructors in, 3; recent change of attitude in regard to matters of, 6, 7; dangers in this change of attitude, 7-9; mistakes in teaching of, serious, 9. _See_ Instruction, Reproduction.

Sexual maturity, age of, and age of marriage, discrepancy between, 13, 27, 28.

Sexual necessity, belief in, 28-31, 33, 99, 146, 176, 198.

"606," 39.

Skating-rinks, 75.

Social emergency, the, what constitutes, 9; phases of, 13-24; physiological phases, 13-15, 25-31; medical phases, 15, 16, 32-44; economic phases, 16-18, 45-69; recreational phases, 19, 70-83; legal phases, 20, 21; educational phases, 21-23, 84-103; biological phases, 23; moral and religious phases, 23, 168-89; teaching phases: for children, 104-26; teaching phases: for boys, 127-53; teaching phases: for girls, 154-67.

Social hygiene, movement for, retarded by many, 11; books on, 11. See Social emergency, Reproduction.

Societies, of social hygiene, 12.

Society, sex life in relation to, 184-86.

Spinal diseases, 32, 34.

Stage, the, 6, 19.

Standard of chastity, double. _See_ Double standard.

Standards of living, 50-62.

Sterility, 33, 34.

Street, the, as an attraction, 72, 73.

Sunday supplement, 79.

Swimming, 82.

Syphilis, and the syphilis microbe, 32-39, 100, 199; infection of innocent persons, 39-41; possibility of recovery from, 41.

Teachers of sex hygiene, instruction to be provided for, in normal schools and colleges, 192.

Teaching phases of the social emergency, for children, 104-26; for boys, 127-53; for girls, 154-67; bibliography, 211, 212.

Tramping-clubs, 82.

Traveling exhibits, 195.

Unemployment, relief of, 67.

Unions, social, 77.

Venereal diseases, in the United States, statistics of, 32; reason for frequency of, 33; gonorrhea and syphilis, 33-39, 100, 146, 199; as affecting children, 34; infection of innocent persons, 39-41; possibility of recovery from, 41.

Venereal infection, prevalence of, 15, 32; fear of, not sufficient motive in promoting chastity, 15; effects of, 32-44; in men, 32, 33; in women, 34; in children, 34, 35; of innocent persons, 39-41. _See_ Venereal diseases.

Vice commissions, 52-61.

Vice in adolescents, 131-34.

Vice investigations, 51-61.

Virility, importance of, to be taught, 142-49.

Vocational training, 16.

Wage-earners, women as, increase of numbers, 46. _See_ Women.

Wages and vice, 16, 17, 50-62.

Wagner, Charles, quoted, 135, 136, 138.

Wasserman, his test of the syphilis microbe, 38.

"Weaker sex, the," the phrase has lost some of its significance, 49, 50.

Welfare work, 68, 69.

Woman's Auxiliary Department of the Police, 58.

Women, infection in, 34; as wage-earners, increase of numbers, 46; drift of, from domestic service, 47; lack of industrial education for, 48; loss due to emergence from seclusion, 49; the phrase "the weaker sex" has lost some of its significance, 49, 50; connection of wages and immorality among, 51-62; bearing of industrial stress on morals of, 62-64; dangers to, in seeking employment, 64; summing up of their economic condition, 65, 66.

Zoölogy, 93.