CHAPTER VII

THE PHARISEES AND SADDUCEES 130

I. The Meaning of the Terms “Pharisees” and “Sadducees” 130

(_a_) Pharisees 130

(_b_) Sadducees 132

II. The Sources 135

(_a_) Josephus 135

(_b_) Rabbinical sources 137

(_c_) The New Testament 138

(_d_) The Zadokite Fragments 138

III. The Doctrines of the Pharisees and Sadducees 139

(_a_) The doctrine of the Law 139

(_b_) The doctrine of God 144

(_c_) The doctrine of the Future Life 146

(_d_) The Sadducæan attitude regarding belief in the existence of angels and spirits 147

(_e_) The doctrine of the Messiah 148

(_f_) The Sadducees and the Jewish Calendar 150

IV. Some Subsidiary Considerations 152

Summary 157