CHAPTER LXXIII.
_How Huascar sent new captains and troops against his enemy, and how Atahualpa arrived at Tumebamba, where he perpetrated great cruelties; also what happened between him and the captains of Huascar._
Few days elapsed after the Captain Atoc was defeated at Ambato, before the disaster was known, not only in Cuzco, but throughout the empire. Huascar was much alarmed, and from that time he feared that the end of the trouble might be fatal. His councillors decided that Cuzco should not be abandoned, but that a fresh army with new captains should take the field. But there were great lamentations for the dead, and sacrifices were offered up in the temples and to the oracles, according to custom. Huascar summoned many native chiefs of the Collao, of the Canchis, Canas, Charcas, Cavangas, those of Condesuyo, and many of those of Chincha-suyo. When they had assembled, he spoke to them of what his brother had done, and appealed to them to be good friends and companions. They answered as he desired, because they venerated the religious custom not to receive any one as Inca, except him who had assumed the fringe at Cuzco, which Huascar had done some days before. As it was necessary to arrange for the continuance of the war, the Inca appointed his brother, Huanca Auqui, to be his Captain-General. Some Orejones say that he was not a brother of the Inca, but a son of Ilaquito.[256] With him other principal chiefs were sent as captains, named Ahuapanti,[257] Urco Huaranca, and Inca Rocca. These captains set out from Cuzco with all the soldiers they could collect, and accompanied by many native lords and _mitimaes_, and Huanca Auqui reinforced his army on the road, as he advanced. He marched in search of Atahualpa, who was at Tumebamba, with his captains and many principal men who had come to gain his favour, seeing that he was a conqueror. The Cañaris were afraid of Atahualpa, because they had imprisoned him and despised his commands, and they knew him to be vindictive and very blood-thirsty. When he came near the principal edifices, I heard from many Indians that, to appease his anger, they sent a great company of children, and another of men of all ages, to go forth to his richly-adorned litter, in which he travelled with great pomp, bearing green branches and palm leaves in their hands, and praying for grace and friendship, and that past injuries might be forgiven. They besought him with such clamour and with such humility, that it would have broken a heart of stone. But it made little impression on the cruel Atahualpa, for they say that he ordered his captains and soldiers to kill all who had come out to him, which was done, only sparing a few children and the women dedicated to the service of the temple, who were kept without shedding any of their blood, to preserve the honour of their deity the Sun.
This being done, he ordered some particular chiefs in the province to be killed, and placed a captain of his own to govern it. Assembling his principal adherents, he then assumed the fringe and took the title of Inca in Tumebamba, although the act was invalid, as has been explained, because it was not performed in Cuzco. However, he had the right of his arms, which he held to be good law. I have also heard from some Indians of position that Atahualpa assumed the fringe in Tumebamba before Atoc was defeated or even set out from Cuzco, and that Huascar knew it and provided accordingly. But on the whole it seems to me that the version I first wrote is the most probable.
Huanca Auqui made rapid marches, wishing to arrive at the country of the Cañaris before Atahualpa could do the harm which he actually did. Some of those who escaped from the battle of Ambato had joined him. All authorities affirm that he had with him more than 80,000 soldiers, and Atahualpa assembled little less at Tumebamba, whence he set out, declaring that he would not stop until he reached Cuzco. The two armies encountered each other in the province of the Paltas, near Caxabamba, and after the captains had addressed their troops, the battle began. They say that Atahualpa was not present; but that he witnessed the conflict from an adjacent hill. God was served in that, notwithstanding that there were many Orejones and captains well instructed in the art of war in the army of Huascar, and that Huanca Auqui did his duty like a loyal and good servant of the king, Atahualpa should be victorious, with the death of many of his adversaries. They declare that in both armies more than 35,000 were killed, besides many wounded.
The victors followed up the fugitives, killing and taking prisoners, and plundering the camp. Atahualpa was so joyful that he declared the gods were fighting for him. The reason he did not advance to Cuzco in person was that the Spaniards had entered the country a few days before, and that he had received the news of their arrival.[258]
We will not give the conclusion of this war between the Indians, because it would not be according to the order of events, and the narrative can wait for insertion in its proper place.
Down to this point is what it has seemed well for me to write concerning the Incas, which is all derived from the account which I took down in Cuzco. If another should undertake to tell it more in detail and with greater accuracy the road is open to him. For I have not attempted what I was unable to perform; although for what I have done, I have worked in a way known to God, who lives and reigns for ever. Most of what I have written was seen by the Doctor Bravo de Saravia,[259] and the Licentiate Hernando de Santillan,[260] Judges of the Royal Audience of the city of the Kings.
INDEX.
NAMES OF PLACES AND TRIBES.
Abancay, i, 318
Acari, i, 28, 265
Acos, i, 301, 373
Aguja Point, i, 25
Alcaviquiza tribe, near Cuzco, ii, 105, 106
Ambato, i, 154; defeat of Atoc at, ii, 232, 233, 235
Anan Cuzco. _See_ Cuzco.
Anaquer Hill, ii, 18
Ancasmayu river, i, 122; ii, 44, 64, 213; northern limit of the empire, 218, 221, 223
Ancocagua temple, i, 357; ii, 88, 89
Andahuaylas, i, 315, 317; ii, 83, 109, 118, 139, 145, 154
Andesuyo (Anti-suyu), i, 323, 337; ii, 51, 70; invasion of, ii, 166, 168, 169; war with snakes, 166
Angoyaco pass, i, 302
Antis, ii, 175, 195
Apurimac river, i, 319; ii, 8, 43, 141, 147
Apurima, ii, 178
Arcos, ii, 154
Arequipa, i, 287, 392
Arica, i, 29
Asillo, i, 369; ii, 166
Atacama, i, 267
Ausancata temple, i, 354
Ayamarca, ii, 114, 115
Ayancas, road by, ii, 43
Ayavaca, ii, 179, 207
Ayaviri, i, 358, 359; ii, 135, 165, 166
Aymaraes, ii, 119
Ayangaro, i, 369; ii, 166, 170
Bahaire, Cieza de Leon at, ii, 131
Barranca, La, i, 248 _n._
Bio-bio river, i, 31
Bombon, i, 286, lake of, 294; ii, 156, 175, 178, 206
Bracamoros, i, 204, 209; ii, 70, 179, 208
Cacha, i, 356; ii, 6
Caitomarca, ii, 123, 124
Calca, conquest by Uira-ccocha Ynca, ii, 121
Callao, i, 27
Camana, i, 29, 265
Cañaris, i, 162, 167, 169; ii, 71; head-dress, 72; subjugation, 180, 181, 209, 229; massacre of, 234
Cañaribamba, i, 204
Canas, i, 356, 358; ii, 3, 6; head-dress, 72; tribe of, 133, 171, 172, 233
Cañete valley (_see_ Huarco), i, 257 _n._, 259
Canches, i, 355, 358; ii, 3; head-dress, 72; tribe of, 133, 171, 172, 233
Cangalla, ii, 133
Caracollo, i, 381
Caraugas, ii, 195, 233
Caranqui, i, 133, 138; ii, 59, 65, 70, 181, 215, 219
Caranques, i, 133, 138
Caraques, i, 185
Carex Isle, ii, 132
Caravaya, i, 369
Carmanca Hill, at Cuzco, i, 325; ii, 142
Cartagena (_see_ Bahaire), ii, 131
Casma, i, 26
Cassana, at Cuzco, ii, 158
Cavinas, i, 354
Caxabamba, ii, 235
Caxamarca, i, 271; ii, 8, 59, 83, 86, 178, 179, 186, 206
Caxas, ii 43, 179, 207
Chacama valley, i, 241
Chachapoyas, i, 277, 278, 207; ii, 70, 91, 157, 179
Chancas, i, 280, 315, 316; ii, 83, 199; conquests of, 119, 139; advance to Cuzco, ii, 140, 154, 157; defeated, 143; trophy of their bodies, ii, 144
Chaqui, i, 383
Charcas, i, 381; mines, 385; ii, 195, 200, 233
Chayanta, i, 383; ii, 212
Chicama. (_See_ Chacama.)
Chichas, i, 383
Chilana, village in the Collao, i, 373
Chilca, i, 255
Chile, i, 30, 384; ii, 44, 51, 59, 64, 65, 70; conquest by Tupac Ynca Yupanqui, 195; Huayna Ccapac in, 201, 203; name of, 202 _n._
Chimu, i, 242; ii, 185, 212
Chincha-suyu, 51, 175, 176, 177; road of, 177
Chinchas, i, 228, 260; ii, 189, 190, 191
Chinchay-cocha lake, i, 294, 296. (_See_ Bombon.)
Chiquana, i, 356
Chiriguanas, ii, 69, 201
Choclo-cocha Lake, ii, 118
Chucuito, i, 373; ii, 4, 59, 130, 135, 152, 170, 173, 174, 194
Chumbivilicas, i, 335; ii, 168
Chunchos, ii, 69
Chungara village, near Vilcañota, ii, 88
Chuqui-apu (La Paz), i, 380; ii, 59, 200
Cochabamba, i, 383
Cocha-casa, ii, 140, 147
Cochasqui, ii, 215
Collas, i, 359, 363, 367; their head-dress, 72. (_See_ Collao.)
Collao--Colla-suyu, i, 304, 359, 360, 363, 370; ii, 2, 51, 75; invaded by Inca Uira-ccocha, 130, 167; incursions of Chinchas into, 189; Chanca chief sent to, 151; invasion, 165; rebellion, 169, 172; subjugation, 173; pacification, 174, 175; Tupac Ynca Yupanqui in, 194, 195; Huayna Ccapac in, 200
Compata, ii, 133
Conchucos, i, 286, 291
Condesuyo (Cunti-suyu), ii, 51, 106, 107, 112; treason of chiefs, 117; invasion of, 146, 168; summoned to join the army of Huascar, 233
Copacopa, ii, 165
Copayapu, i, 30
Coquimbo, i, 30; ii, 4
Coropuna temple, ii, 89
Cotobambas, ii, 8
Curahuasi, ii, 147
Curampa, ii, 140, 148
Curicancha, Temple of the Sun at Cuzco, i, 328, 385; ii, 9, 22, 23, 71, 83; description of, 84, 85, 101, 103, 158, 203
Cuzco, i, 146; situation, i, 322; divisions, i, 325; description, i, 330; full of strangers, i, 71; foundation, i, 329; ii, 21; first arrival of Spaniards at, ii, 9; Anan Cuzco, ii, 97, 102, 122; Orin (Hurin) Cuzco, ii, 127; drainage of swamps, ii, 99, 100; rivers of, ii, 111, 112; in danger from the Chancas, ii, 140, 141; fortress, 160-164; Bishop of, i, 424. (_See_ Curicancha.)
Desaguadero, i, 373; ii, 174
Ferrol, port of, i, 26
Gorgona Isle, i, 21, 420; ii, 220
Guamanga founded, i, 307, 308; Indians, 310
Guanacauri, ii, 148, 154. (_See_ Huanacauri.)
Guañape, i, 26, 245; ii, 213
Guarmay, i, 26, 247; ii, 213
Guayaguil, i, 197, 201, 203; ii, 209, 211
Hanan Cuzco, ii, 97, 102, 122
Hatun Colla, ii, 3, 14, 16, 17, 33, 59, 117, 130, 135, 170
Hatun-cana, i, 356
Hatun canche, ii, 158
Hayo-hayo, i, 381
Hervay, fortress of, ii, 193 _n._
Horuro, i, 356
Huallabamba, i, 139
Huamachuco, i, 287, 289
Huambacho, i, 247
Huanacauri temple, ii, 17, 18, 19, 22, 89, 101, 107, 111
Huancas, i, 279, 298; legends of, i, 299; head-dress, ii, 72; conquest, ii, 153, 154; submission, ii, 155, 173
Huancabamba, i, 210, 269; ii, 59, 179, 207
Huancachupachos, ii, 206
Huancavilcas, i, 168, 181, 192
Huanuco, i, 282, 283, 285; ii, 157
Huara, ii, 26, 248
Huaray, ii, 293
Huarco valley, i, 257, 258; fortress, ii, 164; war, 191-195
Huarina, i, 9, 380
Huarochiri, ii, 43
Huaqui, i, 274
Huaura, ii, 213
Huaylos, i, 286
Hurin Cuzco, i, 67; ii, 97, 102
Juli, i, 373; ii, 130
Juliaca, i, 369
Lampa, harvest ceremony at, i, 412
La Paz, i, 380, 381. (_See_ Chuqui-apu.)
La Plata, ii, 201
Latacunga, ii, 59
Lima, i, 248
Limatambo, i, 320
Llacta-cunga, i, 143, 150
Lobos Island, i, 25
Lucanas, ii, 148, 199
Lunahuana, i, 228, 260
Luracachi, ii, 134
Mala, i, 256
Manta, i, 182, 184
Marca, in Condesuyo, ii, 107
Marcapata, ii, 169
Marcavillca, ii, 34
Maule river, i, 31; ii, 64, 195, 221
Mohina, treasure found at, i, 353; road from Cuzco to, ii, 44
Motupe valley, i, 239
Moxos, ii, 69
Moyobamba, i, 280
Muhina. (_See_ Mohina.)
Mulahalo, i, 147, 148
Muli-ambato, i, 153
Nasca Point, i, 28
---- valley, i, 264; ii, 190
Nicasio village, i, 365, 369
Ocoña valley, i, 29, 265
Ollantay-tambo. (_See_ Tambo.)
Oma, near Cuzco, ii, 105
Omasayu, i, 369; ii, 90, 166
Orin Cuzcos. (_See_ Hurin Cuzco.)
Otavalo, ii, 215
Pacarec-tampu, i, 335; ii, 11, 13, 87
Pacasmayu, i, 240
Pachacamac, i, 251, 252, 253, 254; ii, 90; temple of, ii, 187, 211; Huayna Capac at, 213
Paltas, i, 205; ii, 43, 235
Paria, i, 381; ii, 59
Pariacaca Pass, ii, 43, 188
Pariña Point, i, 25
Passaos, i, 22, 172
Parcos, i, 302; ii, 154
Parmonga (Parmunquilla), i, 247; ii, 186
Pasto, i, 54, 55, 120, 121, 123; ii, 219
Patia, i, 118
Payta, i, 25
Picoy valley, i, 302; ii, 154
Pifo, ii, 215
Pincos, i, 294
Pisagua, i, 30
Piscobamba, i, 293
Piura, i, 213
Pocheos river, i, 213
---- city, i, 32, 381, 382, 384
Pocona village, i, 384
Pomata, i, 473; ii, 130
Pomatambo (Pumatampu), ii, 113, 149
Popayan, i, 32, 54, 55, 109, 115, 124; ii, 70, 221
Porco, i, 285
Potosi, i, 384, 390, 391
Pucamarca, ii, 158
Puerto Viejo, i, 22, 174, 180, 187; ii, 78, 211
Pumatampu, ii, 113 _n._, 149
Puná, i, 24, 198; ii, 211
Purnaes (Purnaes), i, 154, 161; ii, 180, 210
Quichuas, tribe of, ii, 109; defeated by Chancas, ii, 118, 119
Quilca, i, 29, 265
Quillacingas, ii, 221
Quillaco, mother of Atahualpa a native of, ii, 203, 224
Quiquijana, i, 354; ii, 133
Quito, i, 131, 140, 142, 144, 145; founded by Tupac Ynca Yupanqui, ii, 181; government of, ii, 183; arrival of Huayna Ccapac at, ii, 210, 211, 213, 214, 217; news of arrival of Spaniards reaches, 220; riches at, 221; mourning for Huayna Ccapac at, 222; Atahualpa at, 224, 225; rebellion of Atahualpa at, 227, 229, 230, 231
Rimac, i, 250; ii, 213
Riobamba, i, 155, 160, 210
Rumichaca, near Quito, i, 132
Runchuanac. (_See_ Lunahuana.)
Sana valley, i, 240
San Gallan, i, 27
San Lorenzo Cape, i, 23
San Miguel (Puira) founded, i, 213, 214
San Nicolas Point, i, 28
Santa, i, 245, 246
Santa Clara Island, i, 24
Santa Elena Point, i, 23, 189
Santa Maria Cape, i, 31
Saqui, palace at, ii, 122
Sica sica, i, 381
Sipe sipe, i, 383
Soras, ii, 148, 149, 199
Tacunga, iii, 180, 181, 210
Tambo (or Ollantay-tampu), i, 332, 333
Tampu-quiru, ii, 14, 16, 101, 103
Tangarara, original site of Piura, i, 214
Tapacari, i, 383
Tarama (Tarma), i, 286; ii, 156, 175, 176
Tarapaca, i, 30, 138, 265, 266
Tarma. (_See_ Tarama.)
Tiquizambi, ii, 180
Titicaca Lake, i, 370, 371, 372; ii, 167
---- Island, i, 372; the sun came forth from, ii, 5; Yncas at, 167, 200
Tomebamba. (_See_ Tumipampa.)
Totora, i, 383
Truxillo, i, 26, 186, 242, 244; ii, 212
Tucuman, ii, 201
Tumbez, i, 23, 128, 193, 213; ii, 185, 212
Tumipampa, i, 165; ii, 180, 209, 229, 232, 235
Tuqueme, coast valley of, i, 239
Tuquma, i, 383
Tusa, last village of the Pastos, i, 132
Urcos, i, 354; ii, 133
Valparaiso, i, 31
Viacha, i, 380
Vicos, ii, 115
Vilcas, i, 312, 313; roads from, ii, 44, 59; edifices, ii, 150, 154, 206; river, 149, 150
Vilcacunga, ii, 142
Vilcañota temple, ii, 88, 134, 169
Viñaque, i, 309, 379
Viticos, i, 305; ii, 11
Xaquixaguana, i, 9, 32, 150, 320; ii, 44, 129, 131, 137, 138, 140, 199
Xauxa, i, 296, 297; ii, 34; road to Lima, 43, 59, 75; partition of land, 148, 154, 156, 178, 188; tenure of land arranged by Huayna Ccapac, 206, 208
Xayanca valley, i, 239
Yahuar-cocha, i, 133; ii, 218
Yahuira Hill, ii, 19
Yanahuaras, ii, 168
Yauyos, ii, 153, 178, 206
Yca, i, 263; ii, 190
Ylave, ii, 134
Ylo, i, 265
Yuli (_see_ Juli), ii, 130
Yucay, i, 354; river of, ii, 124; valley, i, 137, 140
Yuncas of the coast, i, 162, 209, 218, 219, 223, 232, 237; ii, 72, 90, 183; conquest of, 185-193; sacred temple of, ii, 187
Zepita, i, 37; ii, 130
QUICHUA WORDS.
Anacona. (See _Yana cuna_.)
Ancha, _very_, ii, 14, 63, 212
Apu, _chief_, ii, 14, 62, 97, 212
Atoc, _fox_, ii, 228
Ayllos, _slings_, i, 355; ii, 46, 54-73
Camac, _creator_, i, 253
Camayus, _officials_, ii, 27, 90
Cancha, _place_, ii, 83
Canqui, _thou art_, ii, 62
Capacocha, _ceremony of offerings_, ii, 88, 89, 91-93
Cay, _this_, ii, 212
Ccapac, _rich_, i, 136; ii, 12, 17, 21, 22, 105
Ccampa, _thou_ (dative), ii, 62, 212, 218
Ccepi, _burden_, ii, 88
Ccocha. (_See_ Cocha.)
Ccuri, _gold_, ii, 83
Chaca, _bridge_, i, 132
Chacara, _farm_, ii, 27, 30, 60
Chacu, _hunt_, i, 288 _n._
Chaqui, _foot_, ii, 76
Chaquira, _beads_, i, 176, 405; ii, 40, 86, 90
Chumpi, _belt_, i, 146
Chuñu, _preserved potatoe_, i, 361; ii, 54
Churi, _son_, ii, 14, 62
Coca, i, 352; ii, 196
Cocha, _lake_, ii, 8
Cuna (_plural particle_), ii, 205, 213, 218
Curaca, _nobleman_, ii, 41, 58
Curi (_correctly_ Ccuri), _gold_, ii, 83
Hatun, _great_, ii, 14, 62, 212
Hatun cancha, ii, 158
Hatun-raymi, ii, 93, 96
Huaca, _sacred_, i, 77, 228; ii, 87, 88, 90, 91
Huaca-camayoc, i, 413
Huaranca, _thousand_, ii, 135
Huarmi, _woman_, ii, 76
Huasi, _house_, ii, 83
Huata, _year_, ii, 55, 76, 82
Huauque, _brother_, ii, 76
Huayna, _youth_, ii, 197, 213, 218
Huayna-cuna, _youths_, i, 138; ii, 213, 218
Huayras, _used in the mines_, i, 389
Huillac. (_See_ Uillac.)
Huis-cacha. (_See_ Uis cacha.)
Inca. (_See_ Ynca.)
Inti. (_See_ Ynti.)
Llacta, _city_, ii, 197
Llama, i, 393; ii, 45
Llautu, _fringe_: _emblem of sovereignty_, ii, 2, 19
Lliclla, _mantle_, i, 146
Lloque, _left-handed_, ii, 100, 102, 103
Macana, _club_, i, 49, 203
Mama, _mother_, ii, 12, 105, 114
Mama-cuna, _women of the temples_, i, 25, 149, 164, 369, 405; ii, 10, 46, 85, 92, 95, 138, 206
Manan, _not_, ii, 218
Maqui, _hand_, ii, 76
Micuni, _to eat_, ii, 212
Mitimaes, _colonists_, i, 149, 150, 209, 271, 328, 362; ii, 24, 36, 39, 50, 67-71, 166, 177, 179
Mizqui, _sweet_, ii, 212
Mucha, _worship_, ii, 17, 38, 96, 210
Molle trees. (_See_ Mulli.)
Mulli, _Schinus Molle_, i, 299
Naña, _sister_, ii, 76
Naui, _eye_, ii, 76
Oca, _Oxalis tuberosa_, i, 361; ii, 94
Oxota. (_See_ Usuta.)
Paccari (Pacarec), _dawn_, ii, 11, 13, 87
Pacha, _earth_, ii, 62
---- _world_, i, 253; ii, 82
---- _hundred_, ii, 205
Palla, _married princess_, ii, 147, 277
Pillaca, _kind of fringe_, ii, 19
Pucara, _fortress_, i, 302, 368; ii, 2, 69, 75, 121, 147, 216
Punchau, _day_, ii, 76
Purachuco, _tuft of feathers_, ii, 19
Quilla, _moon_, ii, 76
Quinua, _Chenopodium Quinua_, i, 361; ii, 54, 94
Quipus, _system of record_, i, 290; ii, 33, 34, 53, 57, 61, 165
Quiru, _tooth_, ii, 14, 76
Raymi, _festival_, ii, 93, 96
Rincri, _ear_, ii, 76
Rumi, _stone_, i, 132; ii, 227
Runa, _man_, ii, 76, 205
Runtu, egg, ii, 121
Sapa, _only_, ii, 62
Sasi, _fast_, ii, 18, 20
Senca, _nose_, ii, 76
Sullull, _truth_, ii, 62
Sulluy, _of a truth_, ii, 212
Supay, _devil_, i, 224; ii, 10
Tampu, _inn_, i, 161, 290; ii, 14, 16, 73, 101, 103, 131, 201, 230
Taqui, _music_, ii, 29, 40, 91, 92, 137
Ticiviracocha, _God_, i, 299; ii, 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 22, 94; image lost, 97
Topu. (_See_ Tupu.)
Tucuy, _all_, ii, 62, 197, 218
Tupu, _measure_, i, 146; ii, 43, 66, 88, 112
Tuta, _night_, ii, 76
Ucumari, _bear_, ii, 232
Uillac Umu, _High Priest_, i, 329, 414; ii, 86, 97
Uira, _grease_, ii, 8
Uiscacha, _rabbit_, i, 402; ii, 46
Uma, _head_, ii, 76
Uncha, _fillet for the head_, i, 146
Usuta, _shoe_, i, 146; ii, 38
Uyay, _hear_, ii, 62, 197
Vira, _grease_. (See Uira.)
Yahuar, _blood_, i, 133; ii, 218
Yana-cuna, _servant_, i, 391; ii, 55, 67 _n._, 88, 89, 201, 205
Yaya, _father_
Ylla (name given to bodies of the venerated dead), ii, 96
Yllapa, _lightning_, ii, 96
Ynca, _sovereign_, _of the blood royal_
Ynti, _the sun_, ii, 14, 62
Ynti-huasi, _Temple of the Sun_, ii, 83
Yscay, _two_, ii, 205
Ynca, i, 233
Yunca, _warm valley_, i, 162
Yupanqui, _you may count_, ii, 102 _n._, 158
Zazi. (_See_ Sasi.)
NAMES OF INDIANS AND GODS.
Ahuapanti, a general of Huascar, ii, 233
Alaya, chief of Xauxa, i, 224, 301; ii, 206
Alcariza, a lord of Cuzco, ii, 15, 16, 17
Anco allo, chief of the Chancas, i, 280; ii, 154, 156; his flight, 157
Aperahua Oracle, ii, 90
Arnauan, a name of Ticiviracocha, ii, 6
Atahualpa, ii, 8, 9, 10; ransom, ii, 83, 86; at Caxamarca, i, 271; meaning of word, i, 231; birth, ii, 203; to rule at Quito, ii, 221, 222; account of, ii, 224, 225; rebellion, ii, 227; cruelty to Cañaris, i, 167; ii, 230, 235; war with Huascar, i, 273, 275, 409, 421; ii, 235
Atoc, general of Huascar, i, 167, 273; ii, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233
Ayar Cachi (Asauca), ii, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20
Ayar Manco, ii, 12, 21
Ayar Uchu, ii, 12, 13
Capac. (_See_ Ccapac.)
Cari, a great lord in the Collao, i, 363; ii, 5, 130, 135; rebellion, 170, 173
Cariapasa, chief of Chucuito, i, 373
Cayu Tupac, the Ynca who supplied Cieza de Leon with information, ii, 11, 121
Ccapac, a rebel against Ynca Uira-ccocha, ii, 127
Ccapac Yupanqui, his reign, ii, 106, 107, 108; embassy from the Quichuas to, 109; death, ii, 110
---- ---- general in the Huanca campaign, ii, 154
---- ---- governor of Cuzco, ii, 178
Chalco Mayta, governor of Quito, ii, 183
Chalicuchima, a general of Atahualpa, i, 320; ii, 9, 227, 232
Chimbo Ocllo, wife of Huayna Ccapac, ii, 199
Chirihuana, governor of Chucuito, ii, 4
Colla Tupac, guardian of Huascar, ii, 222, 237 _n._, 228
Cusi-chuca, chief at Xauxa, ii, 206
Cusi-hualpa, son of Huayna Ccapac, ii, 222
Guacarapora, lord of Xauxa; use of quipus, ii, 34
Guamaraconas. (_See_ Huayna-cuna.)
Guanacauri. (_See_ Huanacauri.)
Guasco, chief of Andahuaylas, i, 315, 318
Hastu Huaraca, chief of the Chancas, ii, 140, 141; interview with the Ynca, ii, 142; defeated, ii, 143; enters service of the Ynca, ii, 145; sent to the Collao, ii, 151
Huaman Hualpa, a son of Huayna Ccapac, ii, 222
Huanacauri, the hero god, ii, 14, 18, 20, 22, 87, 101, 103, 107
Huanca Auqui, a son of Huayna Ccapac, general, for Huascar, ii, 233; defeated, 235
Huaraca, chief of the Chancas, ii, 118
Huarivilca, god of the Huancas, i, 300; ii, 154
Huascar, i, 272, 421; ii, 8, 9, 99, 163, 203, 222; his character, ii, 224, 225; accession, 226; war with Atahualpa, ii, 228, 229; his alarm, 233; army defeated, 235
Huayna Ccapac, i, 140, 169, 179, 193; ii, 11, 25, 44, 67, 99, 155, 163, 180; birth, 181; accession, 197; character, 198; march of, 199, 200; to Chile, 201, 202; invasion of Bracamoros, 208; severity, 209; at Quito, 210; on the coast, 212; anecdote, 212; war north of Quito, 215; besieged, 217; his vengeance, 218; hears of Spaniards, 220; death, 221; obsequies, 222, 223
Huayna-cuna (Guamaraconas), i, 138; ii, 213, 218
Humalla, a chief in the Collao, rebels, ii, 170
Illa Tupac, ii, 227 _n._
Lloque Yupanqui, marriage, ii, 100; reign, 102; death, 103
---- ---- brother of Ynca Yupanqui; governor of Cuzco, ii, 147; commands the army in the Huanca campaign, ii, 154, 155
Macay Cuca, Queen of Ynca Rocca, ii, 111
Mama Cahua Pata, daughter of the lord of Oma, Queen of Mayta Ccapac, ii, 105
Mama Chiquia, of Ayamarca, Queen of Ynca Yupanqui, ii, 114
Mama Cora, one of the women who came forth from Pacarec Tampu, ii, 12
Mama Huaco, one of the women who came forth from Pacarec Tampu, ii, 12
Mama Ocllo, Queen of Tupac Ynca Yupanqui, ii, 175
Mama Rahua, one of the women who came forth from Pacarec Tampu, ii, 12
Manco Ccapac, i, 136, 194, 329, 354, 409; ii, 12, 17, 22, 23, 99
Manco Ynca, i, 304, 305; ii, 11, 30, 222; assumption of the sovereign fringe by, 17
Mayta Ccapac, fourth Ynca, ii, 103; death, 107
Nanque Yupanqui, son of Huayna Ccapac, ii, 222
Paullu Ynca, i, 77; funeral obsequies, ii, 104, 196 _n._, 222
Quizquiz, general of Atahualpa, ii, 8, 164, 227
Rahua Ocllo. (_See_ Mama Rahua.)
Rocca Ynca, ii, 111; reign, ii, 113; obsequies, 115
---- ---- a general of Huascar, ii, 233
Rumi-ñaui, a general of Atahualpa, ii, 227
Runta-Ccoya, Queen of the Ynca Uira-ccocha, ii, 121
Sapana. (_See_ Zapana.)
Sayri Tupac, ii, 11
Sinchi Rocca, ii, 23, 24; reign, ii, 99
Tici-uira-ccocha, god, i, 299; ii, 1, 6, 7; name, 8, 9, 22, 24; image, 97
Titu, a son of Huayna Ccapac, ii, 222
Tuapaca, name of Tici-uira-ccocha in Collao, ii. 6
Tumbala, lord of Puna, i, 195; ii, 211
Tupac Ynca Yupanqui, i, 147, 149, 165, 169, 178, 192, 217, 261, 269, 313, 337, 357; ii, 25, 44, 64, 86, 99, 150, 163, 170; accession, 171, 172; subjugated the Collas, 173, 174, 175; march to Chinchasuyu, ii, 177; at Caxamarca, 178; at Bracamoros, 179; conquest of coast valleys, 185-193; conquest of Chile, 195; death, 196
---- ---- a son of Huayna Ccapac, ii, 222
Tupac Hualpa, a son of Huayna Ccapac, ii, 222
Tupac Uasco, chief of the Chancas, ii, 118, 147, 151, 157
Tuta Palla, mother of Atahualpa, ii, 203
Uasco. (_See_ Tupac Uasco.)
Ucumari, general of Atahualpa, ii, 232
Uillac Umu, High Priest, i, 329; ii, 86, 97
Uira-ccocha Ynca, i, 332, 338, 355, 363; ii, 64, 71; accession, 120; reign, 121 to 136; abdication, 137, 140
---- (God), i, 162, 357, 367. (See Tici-uira-ccocha.)
Urco Ynca, ii, 129; objections to his accession, 137; accession, 138; vicious conduct, 139, 140, 141; deposition, 144, 146
Urco Huaranca, governor of Atahualpa, ii, 233
Viracocha. (_See_ Uira-ccocha.)
Ynca Yupanqui, accession, ii, 116; murder, ii, 117
---- ---- ii, 129, 139; defence of Cuzco by, 140; defeats the Chancas, 143; accession, 144; march of his army, 147; rule, 152; meaning of name, 158; builds fortress of Cuzco, 158-164; proceedings, 165; conquest of the Collao, 167; of Condesuyos, 168; invades Anti-suyu, 168, 169; abdicates, 171
Yumalla, chief of the Collao, i, 373
Zañu, chief of, ii, 100
Zapana, lord in the Collao, i, 363, 369; ii, 2, 3, 14, 117, 130; embassy from, 132; death, 135, 170
NAMES OF SPANIARDS.
Aldana, Lorenzo de, founded Pasto, i, 123; his kind treatment of the natives, and bequest in their favour, i, 124 _n._
Almagro, Diego de, i, 7, 159, 186, 256, 318, 419
Almagro, Diego de (the lad), i, 306, 312, 335; ii, 13
Alvarado, Alonzo de, i, 159, 279, 282
Alvarado, Pedro de, i, 148, 155, 156, 157, 185, 186, 248
Alvarado, Gomez de, i, 157, 281, 283
Aranda, a Spaniard. Evidence as to converse with devils, ii, 132
Bachicao, Hernando, hanged at Juli by Francisco de Carbajal, i, 373
Belalcazar, Sebastian de, i, 79, 93, 105, 110, 113, 145, 201, 423; marches to assist Gasca, i, 151, 186
Blasco Nuñez Vela, i, 187, 139
Bobadilla, Fray Francisco de, the umpire between Pizarro and Almagro, i, 256
Bueno, Martin, one of the first soldiers who went to Cuzco, ii, 9
Carbajal, Francisco de, i, 362, 373, 422
Carrasco, Alonzo, had seen the trophy of bodies of the Chancas, ii, 145
Castro, Vaca de, i, 283, 312
Centeno, Diego de, i, 380, 384
Chaves, Francisco de, i, 292
Cieza de Leon, Pedro de (the author), dedication of his work, i, 1; his habit of writing on the march, i, 3; plan of his work, i, 6; collecting information concerning the coast, i, 27; loses his journal after the battle of Xaquixaguana, i, 32; joins Vadillo, i, 41; method of collecting information, i, 177; marching to join the royal army, i, 151, 167, 241; crosses bridge over the Apurimac, i, 319; goes to Charcas, i, 339; at Pucara, i, 368; takes notes in the Collao, 364; at Tiahuanaco, i, 376; ii, 173; proposes to form plantations of trees, i, 401; sees God’s hand in the conquest of the Indies, i, 418; finishes the first part of his work, i, 427; record of retribution, i, 423; inquires of the natives as to their condition before the time of the Yncas, ii, 2; visits the temple of Cacha, ii, 7; information from citizens of Cuzco, ii, 3; Ynca sources of information, ii, 11, 121; plan of his second part, ii, 24; learns the practical use of the _quipus_ at Xauxa, ii, 34; praises Ynca rule, ii, 47; heard oracles speak at Bahaire, ii, 131; visits the fortress of Cuzco, ii, 162; conclusion of his work, ii, 236
Elemosin, Diego Rodriguez, great wealth discovered by, ii, 89
Escobar, Maria de, introduced wheat into Peru, i, 400
Gasca, Pedro de la, i, 208, 241, 318, 320, 339
Gomara, Francisco Lopez de, criticism on, ii, 67
Guevara, Juan Perez de, conquests in the eastern forests, i, 280
Gutierrez Felipe, his discoveries south of Peru, i, 383
Guzman, Hernando de, present at the siege of Cuzco; visits the fortress of Cuzco with the author, ii, 162
Heredia, Nicolas de, discoveries south of Peru, i, 383
Hiñojosa, Ruy Sanchez de, discoveries in the direction of Rio de la Plata; killed by Heredia, i, 384
Ladrillero, Juan, navigates Lake Titicaca, i, 370
Ledesma, Baltasar de, retribution on, i, 423
Loaysa, Geronimo de, Archbishop of Lima, i, 227, 424
Maldonado, Diego de, his estates, i, 317 _n._; ii, 139 _n._
Moguer, name of one of the first soldiers who went to Cuzco, ii, 9
Ondegardo, Polo de, corregidor of Charcas, i, 387
Orellana, Francisco de, i, 112, 202, 406
Orgoñez, Rodrigo, i, 254, 304
Otaso, Marcos, a priest, who gave the author an account of the harvest ceremony at Lampa, i, 412
Pacheco, Juan, his experience of the conduct of devils in obstructing the conversion of heathens, i, 416, 417
Pancorvo, Juan de, estate at Ayaviri, i, 359; had seen the trophy of Chanca bodies, ii, 145
Pinto, Simon, corregidor of Chucuito, i, 373
Pizarro, Francisco, i, 21, 156, 214, 244, 250, 256, 268, 272, 310, 329, 353; ii, 9, 34, 220
Pizarro, Gonzalo, i, 32, 137, 303, 311, 320, 380
Pizarro, Hernando, i, 253, 254, 335; ii, 13
Puelles, Pedro de, i, 187, 283
Rios, Pedro de los, i, 419
Saavedra, Juan de, arrived in Peru with Pedro de Alvarado, i, 157, 185; as governor of Cuzco, assisted the author in his researches, ii, 11
Santa Maria, Fray Juan de, trouble with the devil when baptizing a chief, i, 417
Santo Tomas, Fray Domingo de, his labours in the study of Quichua, i, 163; gives information to the author, i, 219; his evidence respecting the wiles of the devil, i, 225; founds a monastery in the coast valley of Chacama, i, 242, 427
Santillan, Hernando de, judge of the Audiencia, i, 425; ii, 236; had seen the author’s work, ii, 236
Saravia, Dr. Bravo de, judge of the Audiencia, i, 205, 425; had seen the author’s work, ii, 236
Solano, Juan de, Bishop of Cuzco, i, 424
Sosa, Hernan Rodriquez de, retribution on, for cruelty to Indians, i, 423
Terrazas, Bartolomé de, his estate at Cacha, ii, 6 _n._
Tobar, Francisco de, retribution on, for cruelty to Indians, i, 422
Uzeda, Diego de, goes with the author to Charcas, i, 365
Valverde, Vicente de, Bishop of Cuzco, i, 424
Varagas, Juan de, held the Indians of Tiahuanaco in _encomienda_, i, 379
Vasquez, Tomas, his estate in Ayaviri; gives information to the author, ii, 3; the author visits the fortress of Cuzco with, ii, 162
Vergara, Pedro de, i, 205
Villadiego, Captain, sent against the Ynca Manco, i, 305
Villacastin, Francisco de, at Ayaviri with the author, ii, 3 _n._
Villaroel, discovered mines of Potosi, i, 386
Zarate, name of one of the first three soldiers who went to Cuzco, ii, 9
GENERAL INDEX.
Accounts, method of keeping by means of _quipus_, i, 290; ii, 33; use at Xauxa, 34, 35, 53, 57, 61, 165; audit of, ii, 61
Administrative system of the Yncas, ii, 36, 37, 209
Adobes, sun-dried bricks, i, 129, 219, 251
Aguacate, a fruit. (_See_ Palta.)
Aji pepper, i, 42, 232; ii, 94
Algoroba trees, i, 129, 235, 239 _n._
Alpacas, i, 394; ii, 45
Amazons, a race of, ii, 3
Andenes, i, 321; ii, 160
Andes, description, i, 129; forests, 323, 337; animals and snakes, 338; riches of, 406
Army: military colonies, ii, 69; order of marching, 73, 199; assembly of, 133, 147, 153, 165, 177, 205; discipline of, 177, 205; difficult march, 200, 201; method of defending fortified places, 217, 218; Huascar calls for an assembly of the army, 233
Art, Peruvian works of, i, 403, 404
Assessment of tribute, ii, 51, 52
Astronomical knowledge, ii, 82
Authority for the history, ii, 11, 24, 25, 121
Balsas, used at sea, i, 265; on the rivers, ii, 125
Barley, i, 144, 400
Baths of the Yncas, i, 271, 285 _n._
Building, skill of the Yncas in, i, 405; ii, 160, 161-164
Cannibalism, absence of, ii, 79
Ceremonies of the Yncas, previous to accession, ii, 18, 19. (_See_ Festival, Funeral, Harvest, Homage.)
Chain, golden, at Cuzco, ii, 19, 20, 91, 97, 153, 226; lost, ii, 97
Chicha, fermented liquor, i, 152, 220; ii, 18, 85, 87, 94, 95, 200
Children, naming, i, 231; of the Ynca, ii, 26, 27
Chirimoyas. (_See_ Guanavanas.)
Climate of Peru, i, 130; of Quito, i, 140; of Peruvian coast, i, 214; of the Collao, i, 360
Cloth-weaving, i, 405
Coast valleys, i, 129, 214-216 to 268; fertility of, i, 233. (_See_ Yuncas.)
Colonists, i, 149, 150, 209, 271, 328, 362; account of system, 67-71, _passim_
Conquests, system of, ii, 47, 48-49
Cotton, i, 143, 393
Couriers. (_See_ Posts.)
Crime, punishment of, ii, 81
Deserts of the coast, i, 128, 238, 240; peopling of, ii, 70
Devil. (_See_ Supay.)
Dogs, i, 235
Doorways, monolithic, at Tiahuanaco, i, 276
Drainage of swamp at Cuzco, ii, 99
Dyes used by Indians, i, 405
Ears, ceremony of piercing, ii, 19
Earthquakes at Arequipa, i, 268
Emigrants. (_See_ Colonists.)
Festival of Hatun Raymi, ii, 94, 95
Fish used as manure, i, 255
Fishing on the coast, i, 267
Flowers used at sacrifices, i, 71
Fortress (_see_ Pucara); buildings of the fortress at Cuzco, ii, 160-164
Foxes, i, 227, 402
Fringe. (_See_ Head-dress.)
Fruits, i, 234, 235, 283; pepino, ii, 212
Funeral obsequies of an Ynca, ii, 104, 115
Gold, i, 57, 70, 77, 79, 86, 336; of Caravaya, 369, 381; ii, 40. (_See_ Treasure.)
Golden maize and animals at the temple of the Sun, 85
Guanavanas (or Chirimoyas), i, 234
Harvest festivities, i, 412; ii, 97
Head-dresses, i, 171, 172, 330; ii, 72; of the Cañaris, i, 167; ii, 72; of chiefs on the coast, i, 225; Carinas, i, 330; of the Collao, i, 363; ii, 72; of the Huancas, ii, 72; of the Canas, ii, 72; of the Yuncas, ii, 72; of the Canchis, ii, 72; fringe or _Llautu_ of the sovereign, ii, 2, 19
High priest of the Sun, or _Uillac Umu_, i, 329, 414; ii, 86, 97
Homage, ceremony of, in the Collao, ii, 136
Honey, eaten by old Carbajal, i, 362
Hunt, royal, ii, 45
Irrigation works, i, 236, 263; near Cuzco, i, 354
Journeys of the Yncas, ii, 62, 63
Justice, administration of, ii, 81
Knighthood, ceremony of investiture, ii, 19, 101
Labour, organisation of, ii, 58
Land, partition of, ii, 75
Language general, or Quichua, i, 163, 146, 407; ii, 76, 77
Llamas, i, 393; ii, 45
Memorials. (_See_ Records.)
Mines in Cañaris, i, 169; of emeralds at Manta, i, 182; in Tarapaca, 266, 267; Conchucos, 293; Potosi, 382-386, 390, 391; Charcas, 385; Porco, 385
Mining industry, ii, 53
Morality of the Yncas, ii, 80
Mummies of the Yncas, ii, 30, 31
Obeisance, mark of, ii, 38
Oracles, consultation of, ii, 103, 131
Palta, a fruit, i, 16, 73, 99, 234
Pepinos, i, 234; ii, 212
Posts and runners, system of, ii. 64, 65, 66
Potatoes, i, 360
Priest. (_See_ High Priest.)
Queen of the Ynca, selection, ii, 24
Quichua. (_See_ Language.)
Quipus. (_See_ Accounts, Records.)
Rain, absence of on the coast, i, 214
Recitations of wise men, ii, 32
Records and memorials of the Yncas, ii, 28; system of recording events, ii, 29
Religion (_See_ Yncas): of the Cañaris, i, 162; of the Huancavilcas, i, 181; of the Mantos, i, 183; of the Huamanchucos, i, 289; of the Canas, i, 357; of the Collas, i, 366; of the Huanucas, i, 285; of the Huancas, i, 299; of the coast people, i, 221
Retribution on Spaniards for cruelty to the Indians, i, 422, 423
Riches of the Yncas, ii, 39. (_See_ Treasure.)
Roads, Ynca, i, 153, 217, 253, 287, 290, 293, 302, 320, 326; ii, 42-44; posts, ii, 64, 65, 66; road of Chincha sayu, ii, 177, 204; road from Cuzco to Quito, ii, 183
Runners, system of, ii, 64, 65
Sacrifices, human, practice much exaggerated by Spaniards; but the author does not deny its existence, ii, 79, 80; account of, ii, 87, 89, 103
Sarsaparilla, i, 200, 395
Silver at Potosi, i, 388; at Charcas, i, 385
Skulls, custom of flattening, i, 96, 363
Snakes, war with, ii, 166
Statistics, Ynca system of, i, 57
Sun, temple of, at Cuzco, ii, 83-85; figure of, lost, ii, 97, 98
_Temples._ Ccuri-cancha at Cuzco, i, 328, 385; ii, 9, 22, 23, 71, 83, 85, 101, 103, 158, 203; of Huanacauri, ii, 14, 18, 20, 22, 87, 101, 103, 107; of Ancocagua, i, 357; ii, 88, 89; of Coropuna, ii, 89; of Vilcañota, ii, 88, 134, 169; of Pachacamac, i, 251, 253, 254; ii, 90, 187, 211, 213
Traditions, of bearded men at Titicaca, ii, 4; of a strange man of great stature, ii, 5; of the brethren of Paccari-tampu, ii, 12, 13
Treasure, ii, 39; lost, ii, 42, 97, 98 (_see_ Gold); treasure of the Yncas, ii, 39, 40
Trees of Peru, i, 129, 142, 235, 239, 397, 401; fruit trees, i, 234
Tribute, ii, 51-56
Vice, absence of, ii, 78
_Yncas_, ceremonies, ii, 18, 19, 20; wife, children, ii, 26, 27; memorials of, 28, 32; mummies of deceased, i, 226; ii, 30, 31; forethought of, ii, 37; mark of obeisance to, ii, 38; riches of, ii, 39, 40; attendance on, ii, 41; roads of, ii, 42-44; hunts, 45, 46; method of conquest, ii, 47-49; system of colonising, ii, 50, 67; tribute, ii, 51-56; statistics, ii, 57; audit of accounts, ii, 61; organisation of labour, ii, 58; governors appointed by, ii, 59; order of marching, ii, 73; punishment of offences, ii, 74, 81; partition of land, ii, 75; journeys, ii, 76; absence of vicious practices, ii, 78; morality, ii, 80; councillors, ii, 81; astronomical knowledge, ii, 82
LONDON:
WHITING AND CO., LIMITED, SARDINIA STREET, LINCOLN’S-INN-FIELDS.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] See p. 34.
[2] Introduction, p. xviii.
[3] _History_, i, p. 161.
[4] The Spanish editor accounts for Mr. Prescott’s mistake by supposing that the person employed to copy the manuscript had written _por_ (by) instead of _para_ (for). But this is not so, as Mr. Prescott himself quotes the word _para_ (i, p. 161). The Spanish editor refers to a life of Sarmiento in the _Historia del Colejio Viejo de San Bartolomé Mayor de la celebre Universidad de Salamanca_, 2d edicion, Primera Parte, p. 336.
[5] _Conquest of Peru_, i, 160-62.
[6] _Ibid._, ii, 297-99.
[7] _Cronica_, ii, pp. 25, 44, 45, 51, 131, 160, 173, 180, 193, 212.
[8] _Ibid._, ii, p. 212, reference to chapter liii (liv in the incorrectly numbered Antwerp edition) of the First Part. See my Translation, p. 192.
[9] Page 84.
[10] _Biblioteca de Escorial_, códice L, j, 5 from folio 1 to 130 inclusive.
[11] _Biblioteca Hispano-Ultramarina._ _Segunda Parte de la Crónica del Perú_, que trata del Señorio de los Incas Yupanquis y de sus grandes hechos y gobernacion, éscrita por Pedro de Cieza de Leon. La publica Márcos Jimenez de la Espada. Madrid, Imprenta de Manuel Gines Hernandez, Libertad, 16 duplicado, bajo, 1880. Pp. 279, and xi of Introduction.
[12] This was the edition used by Prescott; and by me in translating the First Part for the Hakluyt Society.
[13] Don M. J. de la Espada says of the Hakluyt Society’s volume:--“Edicion muy bella. Bien anotada en la parte geográfica y de historia natural, en la historica y biografica con los comentarios de Garcilasso y las decadas de Herrera.”
[14] _Biblioteca Hispano-Ultramarina._ Tercero libro de las Guerras Civiles del Peru, el cual se llama la Guerra de Quito, hecho por Pedro de Cieza de Leon, Coronista de las cosas de las Indias. Madrid, 1877. Prólogo por M. J. de la Espada, pp. cxix. La Guerra de Quito, pp. 176. Apendices, pp. 120.
[15] “The First Part, as already noticed, was alone completed. The author died without having covered any portion of the magnificent ground plan which he had confidently laid out.”--_Conquest of Peru_, ii. p. 298.
[16] So says Fray Buenaventura de Salinas y Cordova, in his _Memorial de las Historias dal Nuevo Mundo Piru_ (Lima 1630), but without giving any authority.
[17] Herrera gives Llerena as the birthplace of Cieza de Leon (Dec. vi, lib. vi, cap. 4; and Dec. vii, lib. ix, cap. 19). In the latter of these two passages, in the first edition, the word is printed _Erena_, an error which is repeated in the editions of Antwerp and of Gonzalez Barcia. Piedrahita (lib. iv, cap. 2) repeats that Cieza de Leon was a native of Llerena. The town of Llerena is nineteen leagues east of Badajos, at the foot of the Sierra de San Miguel. It was taken from the Saracens in 1241; and in 1340 Alfonso XI assembled the Cortes at Llerena. Besides Cieza, it produced the Holguins, and Juan de Pozo, the watchmaker who placed the _giralda_ on the tower of Seville.
[18] See my Translation, p. 335.
[19] My Translation, p. 40.
[20] Mr. Robert Blake White, who has travelled in the valley of the Cauca, read an interesting paper on the “Central Provinces of Colombia”, at the meeting of the Royal Geographical Society on February 26th, 1883. He afterwards read the First Part of the Chronicle of Cieza de Leon, and was struck by the accuracy with which the soldier-historian described that same region which Mr. Blake White travelled over more than three hundred years afterwards. The English explorer was much interested in the perusal of the work of his Spanish predecessor.
[21] Page 2.
[22] Page 7.
[23] Page 32.
[24] Vol. i, p. 194.
[25] _Añay_, interjection of praise; _sauca_, joy, pleasure.
[26] A word referring to some kind of head-dress.
[27] Very brutish. Probably a farce.
[28] Tragic.
[29] _Coleccion de obras y documentos por Don Pedro de Angelis_, vol. v (Buenos Ayres, 1836-37).
[30] Padre Francisco Ituri also speaks of the “Quichua dramas transmitted to our day by an unbroken tradition.”--_Carta critica sobre “La Historia de America de Juan B. Muñoz”_ (Rome, 1797).
[31] Vol. i, pp. 203-204.
[32] _Antiguedades Peruanas por Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Juan Diego de Tschudi_ (Viena, 1851), p. 116.
[33] _Ibid._, pp. 116, 117.
[34] _Die Kechua Sprache_, von J. J. von Tschudi (Wien, 1853), pp. 71-110.
[35] He was a son of Dr. Justo Pastor Justiniani, a surgeon, by Doña Manuela Simancas Cataño, a lineal descendant of Hualpa Tupac Ynca Yupanqui, one of whose daughters was the mother of Garcilasso Ynca de la Vega the historian. Dr. Justo Pastor’s father was Don Nicolo Ambrosio Justiniani, his grandfather Don Luis Justiniani, his great-grandfather also Don Luis of Seville, whose parents belonged to the Genoese family of Justiniani, descended from the Emperor Justinian. This first Don Luis Justiniani came to Peru and married Doña Catalina Ortiz de Orue, whose father, Don Pedro Ortiz de Orue, a Biscayan, was one of the first conquerors, and whose mother was the Princess Tupac Usca, daughter of the Ynca Manco Ccapac II.
[36] The Quichua drama of _Ollantay_ was reviewed in a periodical published at Cuzco in 1837, called the _Museo Erudito_, Nos. 5 to 9. The editor, Don Manuel Palacios, says that the story was handed down by immemorial tradition, but that the drama was written by Dr. Valdez. The editor had inquired of Don Juan Hualpa, a noble Curaca of Belem in Cuzco, and of the Curacas of San Sebastian and San Blas, near Cuzco, who agreed in their account of the tradition, which was that the rebellion of Ollantay arose from the abduction of an _aclla_ or virgin of the Sun.
[37] _Ollanta, an ancient Ynca Drama_, translated from the original Quichua. By Clements R. Markham, C.B. (Trübner, 1871.) Pp. 128, with introduction and notes. My translation, owing to my imperfect knowledge of the language, contained numerous mistakes, which have been duly pointed out by Zegarra, a native of the country, in his work published subsequently.
[38] _“Ollanta o’ sea la severidad de un Padre y la clemencia de un Rey_, drama dividido en tres actos, traducido del Quichua al Castellano, cos notas diversas, por José S. Barranca.” (Lima, 1868.) Pp. 16 and 71.
[39] “_Los vinculos de Ollanta y Cusi Kcuyllor, Drama en Quichua._ Obra compilada y espurgada con la version Castellana al frente de su testo por el Dr. José Fernandez Nodal, Abogado de los tribunales de justicia de la Republica del Peru: bajo los auspicios de La Redentora Sociedad de Filantropos para mejorar la suerte de los Aborijenes Peruanos.” (Ayacucho, en el deposito del Autor.) Dr. Nodal commenced, but never completed, an English translation.
[40] “_Ollanta._ Ein Altperuanisches Drama aus der Kechuasprache. Ubersetzt und commentirt von J. J. von Tschudi.” (Wien, 1875.) 4to., pp. 220.
[41] Lopez also tells us that his father was a personal friend of Dr. Valdez, and never heard that the learned Quichua scholar was the author of _Ollantay_. On the contrary, he believed that the drama was very ancient. Mariano Moreno, another intimate friend of Dr. Valdez, bears the same testimony. _Races Aryennes_, p. 325.
[42] _Collection Linguistique Americaine._ Tome iv. “Ollantaï, drama en vers Quechuas du temps des Incas: traduit et commenté.” Par Gavino Pacheco Zegarra. Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie., 25, Quai Voltaire, 1878, pp. clxxiv and 265. At the end there is a vocabulary of all the words in the text of _Ollantay_.
[43] In my book, _Cuzco and Lima_, 1853, written when I was twenty-two, immediately after transcribing the Justiniani version, I assumed the antiquity of the drama. But in my later work, _Travels in Peru and India_ (1862), I expressed a doubt, and inclined to the opinion that Dr. Valdez was the author (Note, p. 138). A subsequent detailed and critical study of the text obliged me to revert to my former belief that _Ollantay_ was, in the main, a composition of Ynca origin, dating from before the conquest. All I have since read has confirmed me in this opinion.
[44] See p. 51.
[45] P. 116.
[46] Don Vicente Lopez suggests the following derivation for the name of Ollantay. The second part, _Antay_, signifies “of the Andes”, anything belonging to the Andes. _Oll_ would be a corruption of _Ull_ or _Uill_. The correct form would be _Uill-Antay_ or _Uilla Antay_. _Uilla_ means a legend, tradition, or history, _The Legend of the Andes_. Several of the manuscripts have _Apu-Ollantay_, _Apu_, meaning chief, “_The Legend of the Chief of the Andes_.”
Barranca proposes _Ulla_ as a derivative of _Ullu_, “the power of love.” _Ccahuari-Ullanta_, as an expression of admiration.
Nodal thinks that _Olla_ is really _Colla_, the _c_ having suffered elision, that the _n_ is the pronoun for the third person, and _ta_ the accusative. He translates _Ollanta_ as “her lover”, with reference to Cusi-coyllur.
Dr. de la Rosa says that Lopez is mistaken in his etymology, that the suggestion of Barranca is more plausible; but that he thinks he has himself hit upon a more rational derivation. He has not, however, yet given it to the world.
Zegarra rejects all these derivations.
[47] _Ollantay. Estudio sobre el drama Quechua._ Por Bartolomé Mitré, publicada en la _Nueva Revista_ de Buenos Ayres. (Buenos Ayres, 1881.) Pp. 44.
[48] Bartolomé Mitré was born on June 26th, 1821, and in early life was several years in Peru and Chile as an officer and journalist. Returning to Buenos Ayres, he distinguished himself as an orator in the Representative Assembly, and was Minister of War in 1859. In 1860 he was appointed Governor of Buenos Ayres, and was promoted to the rank of General. On September 17th, 1860, he defeated General Urquiza in the battle of Pavon, and soon afterwards signed a treaty with him. On October 5th, 1862, he was elected President of the Argentine Republic, and held that office with credit to himself and benefit to his country for six years. He is an able and enlightened statesman, as well as an accomplished scholar. General Mitré is the author of a _Life of General Belgrano_ and other works.
[49] _Ticknor_, ii, p. 167.
[50] The points raised by General Mitré may, however, be enumerated and disposed of in a foot-note:--
I. He discusses the words _huañuy ychunantin_, or “death with his scythe”. The word _ychuna_ means an instrument for cutting _ychu_ (grass). General Mitré argues that the idea of death with a scythe is exclusively European. But the word does not occur in the Rosas version, although I printed it by mistake in my book. Nodal has _ychuspa_, which is quite a different word.
II. The High Priest performs a miracle by squeezing water out of a flower. Ollantay exclaims it would be easier to squeeze it from a rock. General Mitré says that the idea must have been suggested by the miracle of Moses making a fountain flow from a rock. It is really a play upon words, involving an essentially Quichuan idea. The word in the Rosas version is not rock, but brick. _Ttica_ is a flower, and _tica_ a brick. The general could not have hit upon a passage which is more certainly of native origin.
III. General Mitré refers to the words _misi_ (cat), _asna_ (ass), and _llama_ occurring, and considers their appearance as a proof of Spanish origin. But all are the errors of copyists. In the true version the word _atoc_ (a fox), takes the place of those words in every instance.
IV. The General further maintains that the interjection _ay!_ which occurs fifteen times in the Dominican text, is not Quichuan, but Spanish, and is an indisputable proof of Spanish origin. But another manuscript text has _nay!_ and _anay_, which are good Quichuan interjections.
V. There is an allusion to an owl on the roof as a warning of death, which General Mitré considers to be an anachronism. This is not the case. It is alluded to as a popular superstition by the Council of Lima in 1583.
[51] The word _sipi_ (a ring) is a later interpolation, not in the Justiniani text.
[52] I have received from Dr. Mujica a copy of a _Yaráhui_, written with the orthography he considers to be most accurate, and the ordinarily accepted spelling, in parallel columns.
[53] He finished his book in 1586.
[54] Pages 224 to 235.
[55] Every _ayllu_, or lineage, was known by its head-dress.
[56] _Mercurio de Valparaiso_, 14th March 1853.
[57] See Part I, p. 363.
[58] Hatun Colla (Great Colla), a village N.W. of Lake Titicaca.
[59] The Canas were a hardy mountain race on the water-parting between the Titicaca basin and the Vilcamayu. A proud, cautious, melancholy race of shepherds; constantly in revolt against the Yncas.
[60] The Canches inhabited the hills opposite the Canas, on the right bank of the Vilcamayu.
[61] Tomas Vasquez was one of the first conquerors, and had houses in Cuzco.--_G. de la Vega_, ii, p. 255.
[62] Francisco de Villacastin was also a householder in Cuzco. He married an Ynca princess, widow of Juan Balsa, who was killed at the battle of Chupas, fighting for young Almagro. Through her, Villacastin inherited Balsa’s house at Cuzco. He died in prison at Cuzco, having taken the side of Gonzalo Pizarro. He owned the district of Ayaviri, and was one of the first conquerors, but a good man.--See _G. de la Vega_, ii, p. 524.
[63] A village on the ridge between the basin of Titicaca and the Vilcamayu. The Ayaviris bordered on the Canas.
[64] See Part I, p. 363.
[65] Chucuito was a fief of the crown.
[66] Garcilasso de la Vega says: “The Spaniards gave another name for God in their histories, which is _Ticiviracocha_, but neither I nor they know what it means.” But he quotes Blas Valera in another place, who says that the god _Ticci Huira-ccoccha_ was otherwise called _Pachacamac_. Montesinos suggests that _Tici_ meant “bottom or foundation”. I suspect it comes from _Atini_, “to conquer”. _Atic_, “conquering”. It may be from _Ticci_, “beginning”.
[67] Terrazas was one of the first conquerors, and he accompanied Almagro in the expedition to Chile. Afterwards he became an active agriculturist. Garcilasso de la Vega says that he was very noble, liberal, magnificent, and possessed of all the knightly virtues. He planted vineyards, and in 1555 sent a large present of grapes to Garcilasso’s father, when he was Corregidor of Cuzco, with a request that he would send bunches to all the cavaliers in the town. These were the first grapes ever seen there. Terrazas was also the first to raise carrots in Peru.
[68] The best description of the very interesting temple of Cacha will be found in Mr. Squier’s _Peru_ (Macmillan, 1877), pp. 402 to 409.
[69] One of the generals of Atahualpa.
[70] Another of Atahualpa’s generals.
[71] Zarate and Garcilasso de la Vega give the names of Hernando de Soto, and Pedro del Barco of Lobon, as those of the first Spaniards who were sent by Pizarro to Cuzco. Pedro Pizarro, who was at Caxamarca at the time, says that only two were sent, Martin Bueno and Pedro Martin de Moguer.
They left Caxamarca on February 15th, 1533, and remained one week at Cuzco. Xeres says that three men were sent. The truth seems to have been that three soldiers named Pedro Moguer, Francisco de Zarate, and Martin Bueno were first sent; but that they behaved with so much imprudence and insolence at Cuzco as to endanger their own lives and the success of their mission. Pizarro, therefore, ordered two officers of distinction, Hernando de Soto and Pedro del Barco, to follow the three soldiers to Cuzco.--See _G. de la Vega,_ Part II lib. i, cap. 31; _Herrera,_ Dec. v. lib. i, cap. 1; _Zarate,_ II, cap. vi; _Gomara,_ cap. cxiv; _Xeres,_ p. 72.
[72] Matrons in charge of virgins of the Sun. The word seems to be used here, and elsewhere, for all females connected with the temples.
[73] _Uira_ means “grease”, and _Ccocha_, “a lake”. The word for the sea is _Mama-ccocha_. Montesinos says that _Uira_, in the word _Uiracocha_, was a corruption of _Pirua_, meaning all things united together. _Pirua_ literally means a “granary”. Garcilasso de la Vega pointed out that _Uira-ccocha_ would mean a “Sea of grease”, not “Foam of the Sea”: the genitive always being placed first. _Ccochap-uira_ would be “Foam of the sea”.
But the Ynca Garcilasso, though he points out the errors of other writers, does not explain the meaning of the word himself. He simply infers that it is a proper name, the original meaning of which is lost; and adds that Blas Valera says that it signified “the will and power of God”, not because that is the etymology of the component words, but because of the God-like qualities ascribed to Uira-ccocha.
[74] In the beginning of 1550.
[75] Balboa says that four brothers and four sisters came out of Pacarec Tampu or Tampu Toco, named Manco Capac, Ayar Cacha, Ayar Auca, and Ayar Uchi; the women being Mama Guaca, Mama Cora, Mama Ocllo, Mama Arahua. Montesinos gives the names as--Ayar Manco Tupac, Ayar Uchu Tupac, Aya Sauca Tupac, and Ayar Cachi Tupac, and the women Mama Cora, Hipa Huacum, Mama Huacum, Pilco Huacum. Garcilasso de la Vega also says that there were four brothers and four sisters, namely, Manco Capac, Ayar Cachi, Ayar Uchu, Ayar Sauca, but he only gives the name of one of the women, Mama Ocllo, wife of Manco Capac. Juan de Betanzos gives the names in pairs, in the order in which they came out of the mysterious cave, namely, Ayarcache and Mamaguaco, Ayaroche and Cora, Ayarauca and Raguaocllo, Ayarmango and Mama Ocllo.
Fray Martin de Morua, in his _Historia del Origen y Genealogia de los Incas_, a work written in 1590, but still inedited, gives the following names of those who came out of Tambo Toco or Pacaric Tombo. The eldest, Guanacauri; the second, Cuzco Huanca; the third, Mango Capac; and the fourth, Tupa Ayar Cache. Of the women, the first was Tupa Uaco; the second, Mama Coya: the third, Curi Ocllo; and the fourth, Ipa Huaco. Before reaching Cuzco they stopped at a place then called Apitay, and now Guanacauri. The third sister, Curi Ocllo, who was considered most intelligent by the rest, was then sent forward to seek for the best situation for a settlement. Coming to the site of Cuzco, then inhabited by Lares, Poques, and Huallas, a low and poor race, before she arrived there she met one of the Poques. She killed him with a weapon called _raucana_; cut out his lungs; and, with them in her mouth, all bloody, she entered the settlements. The people were frightened at the sight of her, thinking that she fed on men, and they left their houses and fled. Seeing that the place seemed good for a settlement, and that the people were tame, she returned to her brothers and sisters, and brought them all there except the eldest. He preferred to stay at Apitay, where he died, and in memory of him they call tha