Part 4

It is fitting now that a list should be given of other leading artists of the United States, though their work is not represented here, owing to the adventures in delays that attend a despatch of letters from London to America.

1. Sarah C. Sears (Mrs. J. Montgomery Sears), pupil of Turner, Brush and Tarbell; prizes at New York, 1893, Chicago, 1893, Paris, 1900, Buffalo, 1901, Charleston, 1902. 2. Miss Mary L. Macomber, pupil of Boston Museum; prizes at Boston, 1895, Atlanta, 1895, National Academy of Design, 1897, Pittsburgh, 1901. 3. Miss Katherine Abbot, bronze medal at Paris, 1900. 4. Miss Elizabeth F. Bonsall, pupil of Howard Pyle, prize winner at Philadelphia, 1885, 1888, 1897. 5. Miss Matilda Browne, pupil of Dewey and Bisbing, medals at Chicago, 1890, National Academy of Design, 1899 and 1901. 6. Miss Maria Brooks, pupil of the Royal Academy Schools, London. 7. Mrs. Brewster Sewell, pupil of Duran in Paris, of Chase in New York; winner of several prizes, as at Charleston in 1902. 8. Rosina Emmet Sherwood, pupil of Chase and of Julian's School, Paris; prizes in Paris, 1889, Chicago, 1893, Buffalo, 1901. 9. Mrs. Emily M. Scott, prizes at Buffalo, 1901, New York, 1902. 10. Miss Rhoda H. Nicolls, born in England and studied in England; a frequent prize-winner. 11. Edith M. Prellwitz, a frequent prize-winner and a pupil of Brush, in New York, of Julian, in Paris. 12. Lydia Field Emmet, pupil of Bouguereau, in Paris, of Chase, in New York; prizes at Chicago, 1893, Atlanta, 1895, Buffalo, 1901. 13. Mrs. Kenyon Cox, pupil of the National Academy of Design; prize-winner at Paris, 1900, at Buffalo, 1901. 14. Emma L. Cooper, Medals at Chicago, 1893, Atlanta, 1895. 15. Mrs. Charlotte B. Comans, Medal at San Francisco, 1894. 16. Miss Clara S. MacChesney; and last, but not least, Miss Mary F. MacMonnies.

W. S. S.

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY THE QUEEN AND THE PAGE. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY DIXON & SON, LONDON Mrs. Marianne Stokes, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, XVII CENTURY PORTRAIT OF THE ENGLISH POET, ABRAHAM COWLEY (1618-1667). FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY W. A. MANSELL & CO., AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING IN THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, LONDON Mrs. Mary Beale, born Cradock, Painter 1632-1697]

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF KING CHARLES II OF ENGLAND. FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY W. A. MANSELL & CO., AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING IN THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, LONDON Mrs. Mary Beale, born Cradock, Painter 1632-1697]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, XVIII CENTURY CARICATURE OF EDWARD GIBBON, HISTORIAN. IN THE PRINT ROOM, THE BRITISH MUSEUM Lady Diana Beauclerk, Amateur 1734-1808]

[Illustration: CUPIDS. AFTER AN ENGRAVING BY F. BARTOLOZZI, R.A. Lady Diana Beauclerk, Amateur 1734-1808]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, XVIII CENTURY ARIADNE. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING IN THE DRESDEN GALLERY, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY V. A. BRUCKMANN, MUNICH Maria Angelica Kauffman. R.A., Painter 1741-1807]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, XVIII CENTURY PORTRAIT OF MISS HARRIOT POWELL. FROM A MEZZOTINT BY RICHARD HOUSTON. THE PROOF LENT BY MR. ALFRED DAVIS Miss Catharine Read, Painter Died about 1786]

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF MISS JONES. FROM AN ENGRAVING BY J. WATSON, DATED 1767. THE PRINT LENT BY MR. ALFRED DAVIS Miss Catharine Read, Painter Died about 1786]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY "THE FISHER WIFE." AFTER THE DRAWING IN WATER-COLOUR AND CRAYON, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY W. E. GRAY, LONDON Mrs. Stanhope Forbes, A.R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, XVIII CENTURY PORTRAIT (PAINTED BY HERSELF) OF ANGELICA KAUFFMAN, R.A., AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE IN THE UFFIZI GALLERY. FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY ALINARI]

[Illustration: THE VESTAL VIRGIN. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE IN THE ROYAL GALLERY, DRESDEN, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY HANFSTAENGL Maria Angelica Kauffman, R.A., Painter 1741-1807]

[Illustration: SCHOOL OF BRITISH WATER-COLOUR, 1793 RIVERSIDE LANDSCAPE WITH A CASTLE IN THE DISTANCE. PAINTED IN 1793, WHEN TURNER AND GIRTIN WERE ONLY EIGHTEEN. THE BREADTH AND MANNER OF THIS DRAWING ARE THEREFORE REMARKABLE, ESPECIALLY AS COMING FROM A LADY OF THAT TIME. THE SCENIC POMP OF THE DESIGN POINTS TO THE INFLUENCE OF FRANCIS NICHOLSON. AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR (19-5/8 INCHES BY 26-3/4 INCHES) IN THE PRINT ROOM OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY W. E. GRAY Amelia Hotham, Painter End of 18th Century]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, END OF XVIII CENTURY AND BEGINNING OF XIX CENTURY A COUNTRY BOY. REPRODUCED FROM AN ORIGINAL SOFT-GROUND ETCHING THAT SHOWS THE MINGLED INFLUENCES OF GAINSBOROUGH AND MORLAND Catherine Maria Fanshawe, Painter-Etcher 1765-1834]

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF SARAH, COUNTESS OF KINNOULL, FROM A STIPPLE ENGRAVING AFTER A MINIATURE BY SAMUEL SHELLEY Caroline Watson, Engraver to Queen Caroline 1760(?)-1814]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, EARLY XIX CENTURY A PINCH OF SNUFF. AFTER AN ENGRAVING BY MADAME BOVI, A PUPIL OF F. BARTOLOZZI, R.A. THE PRINT LENT BY MR. ALFRED DAVIS Lavinia Countess Spencer, Amateur Died 1831]

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY (1792-1822). AFTER THE ORIGINAL DRAWING IN THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, LONDON. FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY J. CASWALL SMITH Miss A. Curran, Amateur Died 1847]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY "FLORA." REPRODUCED FROM A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ORIGINAL PAINTING Miss Evelyn Pickering (Mrs. William De Morgan), Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, EARLY XIX CENTURY PORTRAIT OF MRS. STUART FROM A MEZZOTINT BY S. W. REYNOLDS, KINDLY LENT BY MR. ALFRED DAVIS Mrs. J. Robertson, Painter Worked 1824 to 1844]

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF LADY DALRYMPLE HAMILTON, DAUGHTER OF ADMIRAL LORD DUNCAN FROM AN ENGRAVING BY J. AGAR Mrs. Anne Mee, born Foldsone, Painter Died very old in 1851]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL 1764 TO 1826 VASE OF FLOWERS. PAINTED IN 1764 AND FORMERLY IN THE COLLECTION OF QUEEN CHARLOTTE. AFTER THE TEMPERA PAINTING AT SOUTH KENSINGTON Mary Moser, R.A. (Mrs. Hugh Lloyd) 1744-1819]

[Illustration: GROUP OF FLOWERS IN A JAR. PAINTED IN 1806 FOR PRINCESS ELIZABETH, DAUGHTER OF GEORGE III. AFTER THE WATER-COLOUR AT SOUTH KENSINGTON Mrs. Margaret Meen, Painter Worked 1775 to 1810]

[Illustration: FLOWERS AND GRAPES. PAINTED IN 1826. AFTER THE WATER-COLOUR AT SOUTH KENSINGTON Miss Anne Frances Byrne, Painter 1775-1837]

[Illustration: WOOD SCENE. AFTER THE DRAWING IN INDIA INK ON A WATER-COLOUR TINT AT SOUTH KENSINGTON Viscountess Templetown, Amateur Died 1824]

[Illustration: SCHOOL OF BRITISH WATER-COLOUR, EARLY XIX. CENTURY BACKWATER, WEYMOUTH, DORSET. AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY W. E. GRAY, LONDON Mrs. Matilda Heming, born Lowry, Painter 1808-1855]

[Illustration: LANDSCAPE AT KENILWORTH AFTER AN ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR BY THE GRANDMOTHER OF MRS. HELEN ALLINGHAM, R.W.S. Mrs. John Herford, Amateur]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, EARLY XIX CENTURY PORTRAIT OF HENRIETTA SHUCKBURGH, AFTER THE WATER-COLOUR IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM Mrs. Margaret Carpenter, born Geddes, Painter 1793-1872]

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF MARGARET CARPENTER. AFTER THE WATER-COLOUR IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM Mrs. Margaret Carpenter, born Geddes, Painter 1793-1872]

[Illustration: LODONA. FROM POPE'S "WINDSOR FOREST." FROM THE ENGRAVING BY F. BARTOLOZZI, R.A. Mrs. Maria Cosway, born Hadfield, Painter 1759-1838]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY "ELSPETH." AFTER THE ORIGINAL PORTRAIT IN BODY-COLOUR, BY KIND PERMISSION OF MRS. J. M. CURRIE, LONDON Miss Ann Macbeth, Painter]

[Illustration: SCHOOL OF BRITISH WATER-COLOUR, XIX CENTURY PALM BRANCHES. AFTER THE ORIGINAL DRAWING FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY J. CASWALL SMITH, LONDON Louisa Marchioness of Waterford, Painter 1818-1891]

[Illustration: SPRING. AFTER THE ORIGINAL DRAWING IN WATER-COLOUR FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY J. CASWALL SMITH Louisa Marchioness of Waterford, Painter 1818-1891]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, XIX CENTURY PORTRAIT OF JOHN GIBSON, R.A., SCULPTOR (1791-1866). AFTER THE PAINTING IN THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, LONDON, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY W. A. MANSELL & CO. Mrs. Margaret Carpenter, born Geddes, Painter 1793-1872]

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF R. P BONINGTON, PAINTER (1801-1828). AFTER THE PAINTING IN THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY, LONDON, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY W. A. MANSELL & CO. Mrs. Margaret Carpenter, born Geddes, Painter 1793-1872]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, XIX CENTURY JESUS CHRIST AMONG THE DOCTORS AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY J. CASWALL SMITH Louisa Marchioness of Waterford, Painter 1818-1891]

[Illustration: SCHOOL OF BRITISH WATER-COLOUR, XIX CENTURY STUDY OF A BIRD'S NEST. REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL DRAWING IN WATER-COLOUR BY PERMISSION OF MESSRS. BROWN & PHILLIPS Mrs. Helen Cordelia Angell, born Coleman, Painter 1847-1884]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1901 "TO-DAY FOR ME." FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY H. DIXON & SON, AFTER THE WATER-COLOUR IN THE COLLECTION OF MISS EVANS Miss Eleanor Fortescue Brickdale, A.R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1871 ELAINE. REPRODUCED FROM A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ORIGINAL PAINTING BY PERMISSION OF THE ARTS COMMITTEE, THE WALKER ART GALLERY, LIVERPOOL Mrs. Sophie Anderson, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1873 SINTRAM AND HIS MOTHER (VIDE DE LA MOTTE FOUQUE). REPRODUCED FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY PERMISSION OF THE ARTS COMMITTEE, THE WALKER GALLERY, LIVERPOOL Louisa Starr (Madame Canziana), Painter]

[Illustration: SCHOOL OF BRITISH WATER-COLOUR, 1875-1895 THROUGH THE WOOD. REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR AT SOUTH KENSINGTON Miss Ivy Heitland, Painter 1875-1895]

[Illustration: MOTHER AND CHILD. DATED 1894. FROM THE WATER-COLOUR IN THE IONIDES COLLECTION AT SOUTH KENSINGTON Miss Mary L. Gow, R.I., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1880 "BLANCHISSEUSES." REPRODUCED FROM A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ORIGINAL PAINTING BY PERMISSION OF THE ARTS COMMITTEE, THE WALKER ART GALLERY, LIVERPOOL Miss Alice Havers, Painter Died 1890]

[Illustration: SCHOOL OF BRITISH WATER-COLOUR, CONTEMPORARY A COTTAGE NEAR CROCKEN HILL FROM THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR Mrs. Helen Allingham, R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: SCHOOL OF BRITISH WATER-COLOUR, 1888 THE POTATO HARVEST. AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR, DATED 1888, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH KINDLY LENT BY THE ARTIST Miss Edith Martineau, A.R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1890 IN MEMORIAM. AFTER A PHOTOGRAPH BY HENRY DIXON & SON, BY KIND PERMISSION OF MISS MARY A. DICKSEE AND FRANK DICKSEE, ESQ., R.A. Miss Margaret Isabel Dicksee, Painter 1858-1903]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1887 AND 1890 GOOD FRIENDS. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING, DATED 1887, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY NEWIDEIN, PARIS Mrs. Elizabeth Strong, Painter]

[Illustration: THE END OF A STORY. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY BRAUN, CLÉMENT & CO., PARIS Miss Emily Hart, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1900 "SLEEP, THAT KNITS UP THE RAVELL'D SLEAVE OF CARE." FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY DIXON & SON, LONDON, AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR IN THE COLLECTION OF MISS EVANS Miss Eleanor Fortescue Brickdale, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY LABOURERS OF THE NIGHT. FROM THE STUDY IN OIL-COLOUR ON DRAWING PAPER Miss Lucy E. Kemp-Welch, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY STUDY FROM THE LIFE. AFTER THE ORIGINAL CHALK DRAWING Evelyn Pickering (Mrs. William De Morgan), Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY YELLOW ROSES. AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR Mrs. William Duffield, R.I. FROM A NEAPOLITAN VILLA. AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR Miss A. M. Youngman, R.I.]

[Illustration: ROOM AT LEICESTER IN WHICH SHAKESPEARE IS SAID TO HAVE ACTED BEFORE QUEEN ELIZABETH. AFTER THE ORIGINAL SKETCH IN WATER-COLOUR DATED 1903 Miss Alice M. Hobson, R.I., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY "A FOR APPLE-PIE: E EAT IT." AFTER THE ORIGINAL DRAWING IN THE COLLECTION OF JOHN GREENAWAY, ESQ. REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF FREDERICK WARNE & CO. Miss Kate Greenaway, Illustrator 1846-1901]

[Illustration: "WHO LOVES A GARDEN LOVES A GREENHOUSE TOO" AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE EXHIBITED AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF WATER-COLOUR IN 1904 Miss A. M. Youngman, R.I.]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY ST. BRIDGET. FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY R. J. W. HAINES Mrs. Louise Jopling, R.B.A., Painter WAIFS FROM THE GREAT CITY. COPYRIGHT RESERVED BY THE ARTIST Mrs. Staples (M. Ellen Edwards), Illustrator]

[Illustration: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CONTEMPORARY MOTHER AND CHILD AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING Miss Cecilia Beaux, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY DRAPERY STUDY. REPRODUCED FROM A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ORIGINAL DRAWING Evelyn Pickering (Mrs. William De Morgan)]

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF THE LADY ALIX. EGERTON, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ORIGINAL PAINTING Miss Biddie Macdonald, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY WHITE TREASURES AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY THE AUTOTYPE CO. NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON Miss Florence White, Painter]

[Illustration: "HUSH! REMIND NOT EROS OF HIS WINGS." AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR Miss Katharine Cameron, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1904 AFTER WORK A STUDY IN LEAD PENCIL Miss Lucy Kemp-Welch, Artist]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY "OLIVIA." REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL DRAWING BY PERMISSION OF MESSRS. BROWN & PHILLIPS, LONDON Mrs. Mary Young Hunter, Illustrator]

[Illustration: "HE MARRIED A WIFE." AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR IN THE COLLECTION OF MISS EVANS Miss Eleanor Fortescue Brickdale, A.R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, XIX CENTURY "A. FOR APPLE PIE: C. CUT IT." AFTER THE WATER COLOUR DRAWING IN THE COLLECTION OF JOHN GREENAWAY, ESQ., REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF MESSRS. FREDERICK WARNE & CO., OWNERS OF THE COPYRIGHT Miss Kate Greenaway, Designer 1846-1901]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY PORTRAIT OF THE HON MRS. WALTER JAMES. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY MESSRS. DIXON & SON, LONDON Mrs. Marianne Stokes, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY AN INTERESTING STORY AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR Miss Marian Chase, Painter]

[Illustration: "WHERE SHALL WISDOM BE FOUND?" AFTER AN ORIGINAL PICTURE PAINTED IN 1902 Mrs. Mary Young Hunter, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1904 PORTRAIT OF MRS. BLAIR WITH HER DOGS. AFTER AN ORIGINAL PAINTING THAT GAINED A "MENTION HONORABLE" IN THE SALON OF 1904 Miss Margaret Cameron, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY A SONG OF THE SEA FROM THE ORIGINAL ETCHING Miss Amelia Bauerlë, Painter-Etcher]

[Illustration: FAUNS FROM THE ORIGINAL ETCHING Miss Amelia Bauerlë, Painter-Etcher]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1895 THE SENSE OF SIGHT. REPRODUCED FROM THE PAINTING IN THE WALKER GALLERY, LIVERPOOL, BY PERMISSION OF THE ARTS COMMITTEE Mrs. Annie L. Swynnerton, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY RIVERSIDE LANDSCAPE AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING Miss Alice Fanner, Painter]

[Illustration: MEMORIES. AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR EXHIBITED IN 1904 AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF PAINTERS IN WATER-COLOUR Miss Gertrude Demain Hammond, R.I., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1903 BLUEBELLS FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTING THE ROYAL ACADEMY, 1903 Miss Christabel A. Cockerell (Mrs. Geo. Frampton), Painter]

[Illustration: SCHOOL OF BRITISH WATER-COLOUR, 1904 PONTE WIDMAN, VENICE. AFTER THE ORIGINAL OUT-DOOR SKETCH IN WATER-COLOUR Mrs. Helen Allingham, R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: CAMPANILE SAN STEFANO, VENICE. AFTER THE ORIGINAL OUT-DOOR SKETCH IN WATER-COLOUR Mrs. Helen Allingham, R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1904 THE HERDSMAN OF ADMETUS AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE EXHIBITED IN 1904 AT THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF PAINTERS IN WATER-COLOURS. COPYRIGHT RESERVED Miss Constance Phillott, A.R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1890 "LOVE LOCKED OUT." AFTER THE PAINTING IN THE CHANTREY COLLECTION IN THE TATE GALLERY, LONDON, FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY HANFSTAENGL Mrs. Anna Lea Merritt, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY Miss Eleanor Fortescue Brickdale, Illustrator]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL DRAWING IN CRAYONS. Miss E. Fortescue Brickdale, Illustrator LE REPAS. EXHIBITED AT THE PARIS SALON IN 1903 Miss Beatrice How, Painter]

[Illustration: THE LATE CECIL RHODES. AFTER THE PENCIL DRAWING THE LATE LORD SALISBURY. AFTER THE PENCIL DRAWING The Marchioness of Granby, Portraitist]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY ON THE WAY TO THE HORSE FAIR. FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY THE AUTOTYPE CO., NEW OXFORD STREET LONDON Miss Lilian Cheviot, Painter]

[Illustration: ALMOND BLOSSOM IN LONDON AFTER THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR Miss Rose Barton, A.R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY DAY-DREAMS. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE IN WATER-COLOUR Jane M. Dealy (Mrs. Lewis), R.I., Painter BABY. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PORTRAIT IN WATER COLOUR Jane M. Dealy (Mrs. Lewis), R.I., Painter]

[Illustration: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CONTEMPORARY "DAY DREAMS." FROM THE COLOURED WOODCUT IN THE JAPANESE MANNER. PRINTED IN JAPAN BY NATIVE WORKMEN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE ARTIST. REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF MR. C. KLACKER. 12, HAYMARKET, LONDON. COPYRIGHT IN ALL COUNTRIES Miss Helen Hyde, Designer and Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL OF WATER-COLOUR, CONTEMPORARY "IN WITH YOU!" REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL PICTURE IN BODY-COLOUR]

[Illustration: "CUCKOO." REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL PICTURE IN BODY-COLOUR Mrs. Stanhope Forbes, A.R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY IN THE REIGN OF TERROR. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING, DATED 1891, IN THE WALKER GALLERY, LIVERPOOL Miss Jessie Macgregor, Painter]

[Illustration: IN A DUTCH COTTAGE. AFTER AN ORIGINAL PAINTING EXHIBITED AT THE PARIS SALON IN 1904 Miss Beatrice How, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL OF WATER-COLOUR, 1904 MAY EVENING AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE Mrs. E. Stanhope Forbes, A.R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY A COTTAGE GIRL. REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL WATER-COLOUR Miss Minnie Smythe, A.R.W.S., Painter]

[Illustration: PORTRAIT OF SIR CHARLES HOLROYD. REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTING Lady Holroyd, Painter]

[Illustration: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1880 THE END OF THE STORY. REPRODUCED FROM A COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH BY PERMISSION OF BRAUN, CLÉMENT & CO., PARIS Cornelia W. Conant, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1890 OPHELIA: "THERE'S RUE FOR YOU." REPRODUCED BY KIND PERMISSION OF THE ARTS COMMITTEE, THE WALKER ART GALLERY, LIVERPOOL Mrs. E. Normand (Henrietta Rae), Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, 1897 "STEADY THE DRUMS AND FIFES!" FROM A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ORIGINAL PICTURE, BY KIND PERMISSION OF LADY ELIZABETH BUTLER AND OF MESSRS. GOUPIL & CO., LONDON AND PARIS, PUBLISHERS OF THE LARGE REPRODUCTION RECENTLY ISSUED Lady Elizabeth Butler, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY AFTER THE BULL-FIGHT FROM THE ORIGINAL PICTURE Miss Margaret Cameron, Painter]

[Illustration: WINTRY WEATHER AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE Lily Blatherwick (Mrs. A. S. Hartrick), Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY A YORKSHIRE TROUT STREAM. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE Miss Alice Fanner, Painter PORTRAIT OF MISS ANNA ALMA-TADEMA. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING Miss Anna Alma-Tadema, Painter]

[Illustration: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CONTEMPORARY BABY'S TOILETTE. REPRODUCED FROM THE ORIGINAL PASTEL, BY PERMISSION OF MESSRS. DURAND-RUEL & SONS, PARIS THE OWNERS OF THE COPYRIGHT. Miss Mary Cassatt, Pastellist and Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH SCHOOL, CONTEMPORARY FROM THE ORIGINAL PEN-DRAWING Miss Jessie M. King, Illustrator]

[Illustration: THE MUSIC LESSON Mrs. J. M. Swan, Painter PANEL OF A SCREEN AFTER THE ORIGINAL PAINTING Miss Amy Sawyer, Painter]

[Illustration: BRITISH AND AMERICAN SCHOOLS, CONTEMPORARY. OPHELIA. FROM A PHOTOGRAPH BY THE AUTOTYPE CO., NEW OXFORD STREET, LONDON Miss Offor (Mrs. F. Littler), Painter, England.]

[Illustration: PRAYER. AFTER THE ORIGINAL PICTURE, FROM A CARBON-PRINT PHOTOGRAPH BY BRAUN, CLÉMENT & CO., PARIS Mrs. Cecilia Wentworth, Painter, U.S.A., America.]

[Illustration: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CONTEMPORARY THE PEACE BALL AFTER THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: THE FRENCH OFFICERS, LAFAYETTE AND ROCHAMBEAU, BEING INTRODUCED TO WASHINGTON'S MOTHER. REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF C. KLACKNER, HAYMARKET, LONDON Miss Jennie Brownscombe, Painter]

[Illustration: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CONTEMPORARY. PORTRAIT. REPRODUCED FROM A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ORIGINAL PAINTING KINDLY LENT BY THE ARTIST. Miss Cecilia Beaux, Painter.]

[Illustration: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CONTEMPORARY THE BAMBOO FENCE. FROM A WOODCUT DESIGNED IN THE JAPANESE MANNER AND PRINTED IN COLOURS BY JAPANESE WORKMEN. REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION OF C. KLACKNER, NEW YORK, U.S.A., AND 12, HAYMARKET, LONDON. DATE OF COPYRIGHT, 1904 Miss Helen Hyde, Designer]

[Illustration: FRENCH SCHOOL, 1755-1842 Portrait of Madame Vigée Le Brun and her Daughter. After the painting in the Louvre, from a Photograph by Braun, Clément & Co., Paris Madame Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun, Painter 1755-1842]

Of Women Painters in France

By Léonce Bénédite. Translated into English by Edgar Preston

Woman in Art is a fruitful subject. It is both psychological and æsthetic, involving as it does a question of paramount interest. At the same time it includes a special up-to-date character, by virtue of the grave questions arising from the position of woman in our social system of to-day. It is, indeed, the position of woman which has for so long a period set limits to her production of creations of the mind, and her position has had a distinct bearing on her inspiration.

Thus it will be grasped, in these times of ours when the movement for the total emancipation of woman has commenced, and when the first franchises granted to her have already borne conclusive results, how it is that our honoured colleague, the editor of this book, has been led, both as an artist and as a writer on art, to conduct a sort of historical examination enabling one to understand the position woman has won in the realms of art in the past, and permitting one to foresee the place she is called upon to occupy in the future.

With regard to the productions of the mind, it becomes necessary to establish a well-defined distinction, at least in so far as the past, anterior to the 19th century, is concerned, between the position of women artists and that of literary women. The literary woman, like the man of letters, was not subjected to any special obligation beyond the official sanction granting her the privilege of publication--a sanction which bore only on the question of morals and religion. Every woman was free to write without let or hindrance, without any preliminary education, and even without going through the formalities of publication or the necessities of printing, since a famous woman like Madame de Sévigné owed her celebrity to letters which were not destined to be made public. This explains the number of charming writers among women who have added lustre to French literature by their novels, stories, or simply by their letters, and enables one to realise how these women authors are, in contradistinction to women artists, persons of high standing. The chronicles of the Hôtel de Rambouillet constitute an interesting little chapter in the history of letters in France, just as the "Précieuses Ridicules" or the "Femmes Savantes" of Molière reveal to us the defects and eccentricities into which the literary pretensions of the feminine world had fallen in the 17th century. It cannot, however, be denied that the fair sex freely infused into the literature of that period spontaneity, life and spirit, piquancy, affectation, and the delicate sentiments inherent to its nature, and that it had its share of influence on French taste at that time.

Altogether different is the position of their sisters, the women-painters. Let us first look into that of the men. Painters formerly were part of a Guild such as that of the Drapers, Bakers and Butchers, and in their case it was a Guild which was far from occupying the first place in the hierarchy of Guilds. The Butchers were beyond doubt higher up in the scale than the painters. The painters were subjected to narrow and despotic regulations; rigorous conditions governed both apprenticeship and mastership, conditions hardly encouraging to those who had a vocation, more especially in the case of women, ill-protected by the weakness of their sex, by prevalent custom, and ill-adapted for the struggle. The _régime_ of the Académies, which followed that of the Guilds, did not bring in its wake conditions in any degree profitable to womankind. The Académie de Saint-Luc, while pretending to safeguard the professional interests of artists, displayed such tyrannical pretensions that a certain number of artists rose in revolt against it, and appealed to the Royal power, which, approached by its chief painter, Charles Le Brun, came to their rescue, by helping them to found the celebrated Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture (1666). The Académie Royale proved itself somewhat more liberal. It set no limits to the reception of those who seemed worthy of its suffrages; we know that it welcomed into its bosom a number of strangers of merit, and that it opened its doors to women. Therein lies a victory of appreciable importance, if one considers the energy and the talent which women artists were compelled to display, in order to conquer ancient prejudices in so signal a fashion. Henceforth a place was assigned in art to women, a place still hedged in with limitations, and which could be attained only by the few privileged ones. For, in its turn, the Académie served the purpose of a few, but not that of the many. The Académie reserved the monopoly of exhibitions exclusively for its members; and artists who did not, in one way or other, belong to this congregation, were allowed to exhibit their works in public only once a year. It was on the one day of the Octave of Corpus Christi, for a space of two hours, in the open air, and within the circumference of the Place Dauphine. All great artists had to submit to this treatment, ere they could force the portals of the Académie. But times have changed! Our contemporaries, so inconstant, so impatient, who wear out the attention of the public by the excessive multiplicity of their exhibitory manifestations, should occasionally think of the conditions under which their forerunners laboured.