Part 1
Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by =equal signs=.
On page 10, Simononetti was changed to Simonetti. On page 20, Attus Naviu was changed to Attus Navius. On page 28, SERVUS was changed to SEVERUS. On page 54, Prætextate was changed to Prætextata. On page 104 Cagliastro was changed to Cagliostro. On page 126 Æmon and Antigones was changed to Hæmon and Antigone.
RAMBLES IN ROME.
"If you are visiting Rome, you will find in this book a high-class companion and guide. Try it, and see the difference between the mere guide-book produced by the trade to sell, and the chatty, masterly production of a writer of ability and taste."--_C. H. Spurgeon._
RAMBLES IN ROME
An Archæological and Historical Guide TO THE MUSEUMS, GALLERIES, VILLAS, CHURCHES, AND ANTIQUITIES OF ROME AND THE CAMPAGNA.
By S. RUSSELL FORBES, Archæological and Historical Lecturer on Roman Antiquities.
Fifth Edition, Revised and Enlarged; embracing all the Recent Excavations and Discoveries.
WITH MAPS, PLANS, AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
LONDON: THOMAS NELSON AND SONS. EDINBURGH; AND NEW YORK.
ROME: S. RUSSELL FORBES, 93 VIA BABUINO. 1887.
RAMBLES IN ROME.
CORRECTIONS, ALTERATIONS, AND DISCOVERIES TO SEPTEMBER 1889.
Page 9. Some of the columns of the Temple of Neptune have been isolated.
Page 45. PLAN.--A is the Shrine of Janus. B, Inscription to Constantinus II., 357 A.D. C, Pedestal to Statue of Constantine (Eusebius, E. H., ix. 9, "Life of Constantine I.," 40 and 48). D, Inscription to Arcadius, Honorius, and Theodosius.
Page 56, sixth line from bottom, _for_ at the same time _read_ in 1503.
Page 60, sixth line from bottom, _for_ S. Bonaventura _read_ the Ædem Larum.
Page 72, line 19, _for_ inside _read_ outside.
Page 76, line 23, _for_ Scipio _read_ Regulus.
Page 77, sixth line from bottom, _for_ second _read_ third, 299-296.
Page 103. The Apollo Theatre is pulled down.
Page 118, line 21, _for_ Monsignor Macchi _read_ the Maggiordomo; also at page 124, third line from bottom.
Page 121. VATICAN GALLERIES.--Second line, _for_ 3rd and 4th objects _read_--3. S. Giovanni della Salle, founder of the Christian Brothers Schools, by C. Manani, 1888. 4. Jesuits Martyred in Japan, by Peter Gagliardi.
_Second Room._--No. 12, _read_ S. Grata of Bergamo, with the head of her lover, S. Alexander of the Theban legion, by Peter Loverini, 1887.
Page 126. _Hall of Busts._--_For_ 280 _read_ 273, the young Augustus. _For_ 282 _read_ 272, and _for_ 285 _read_ 292.
Page 127. _Cabinet of Masks._--_For_ 427 _read_ 425. _For_ 428 _read_ 427. After Alcamenes, line 10, _read_ 436, Venus of Cnidos, by Praxiteles. _For_ 436 _read_ 441. _Omit_ 441, Ganymedes, and _for_ 442 _read_ 443.
Page 129. _Chiaramonti Corridor._--_For_ 635 _read_ 636. _Omit_ 416, Augustus as a Youth. _Insert_ 372_a_, A Fragment from the Parthenon, by Phidias. _Omit_ 112, Venus of Cnidos. _For_ 484 _read_ 483, Cupid. 639 _read_ Sœmia.
Page 130. _Braccio Nuovo._--_For_ 92 _read_ 38B. _For_ 96A _read_ 97A. _Insert_ 112, a fine bust of Juno as queen of heaven.
Page 136. Torlonia Museum closed to the public.
Page 140, line 19, _for_ by the new road _read_ Via Luciano Manara.
Page 147. BORGHESE GALLERY.--Permission necessary. To be obtained at the palace, on the days the gallery is opened, before 1 P.M.
Page 160. KIRCHERIAN MUSEUM.--The objects have been arranged in cases on the walls instead of down the centre of the rooms. _Third Room._--_For_ at end on left _read_ in front of the window.
Page 175. CAPITOLINE MUSEUM.--36. _Omit_ whose bust it now supports; _insert_ a porphyry fragment. 41. _For_ Antoninus Pius _read_ Claudius. 49, 50. _After_ Pius _read_ destroyed in 1665 by Alexander VI.
Page 179. _Omit_ 23. Mercury.
Page 180. _Terra-cotta Room._--_Omit_ a large jar, _down to_ urn.
Page 181. _Omit_ the case, line 21, _down to_ Pia.
Page 183. _Courtyard._--_For_ 2 and 3 _read_ 4 and 6; _for_ 3 and 18 _read_ 5 and 7; _for_ 7 _read_ 9; _for_ 8 and 13 _read_ 18 and 10.
_Lower Corridor._--_For_ 3 _read_ 4; _for_ 5 _read_ 8; _for_ 7 _read_ 18; _for_ 8 _read_ 21; _for_ 10 _read_ 23; _for_ 14 _read_ 35; _for_ 15 _read_ 36; _for_ 16 _read_ 37; _for_ 17 _read_ 38; _for_ 18. Porphyry _read_ 39. Original.
No. 3. A votive altar dedicated to the imperial house, on the left side of which is a personification of the Via Appia reclining on a wheel, similar to Trajan's Relief on the Arch of Constantine.
No. 6. Egyptian statuette, with the cartouch of Rameses II., found on Via Nazionale. The base upon which it stands is inscribed to Fabius Cilone, prefect of Rome under Septimius Severus, who had performed the annual sacrifice to Hercules at the Ara Maxima, at the entrance to the Circus Maximus. No. 13 is a companion inscription, a circular vase offered by Catius Sabinus, prefect of Rome, who performed the annual sacrifice at the great altar of Hercules. It was found at the back of S. Maria in Cosmedin.
No. 17. Inscription to Hercules the leader of the Muses by the Consul M. F. Nobilior, 189 B.C., from the temple which stood in the Portico of Philip, now S. Ambrogio.
Nos. 2 and 3 in the courtyard are the two Egyptian lions from the Temple of Isis, which in the sixteenth century were placed at the foot of the ascent to the Capitol, and removed here in 1885.
Nos. 13 and 14. Two columns from the same temple found in 1883.
No. 32. Sphinx in red granite. 33. Vase in basalt, Villa Hadrian. Altar sacred to Isis. On the left side is Harpocrates, the god of silence; on the right, Anubis, the Egyptian Mercury. 34. Sphinx in basalt, with the cartouch of Amasi II., 550 B.C. 44 and 51. Monkey-gods of Pharaoh Nectanebus I., 370 B.C. 49. Crocodile in red granite. With the exception of the vase, all these objects came from the Temple of Isis and Serapis on the Campus Martius, founded, B.C. 100, by Apuleius II., and rebuilt by Domitian (Suetonius, "Dom." v.).
_Hall of Mosaics._--On right in entering, inscription to Nerva, by Septimius Severus, A.D. 194, used in 1676 by the city Conservatori to record their privileges.
8. Mosaic Head of an Athlete. 9. The Sea with fish, and a border of foliage and birds, from the Baths of Olympia, Viminal Hill. 10. The Rape of Proserpina (the names of the horses are written in Greek), from a tomb on the Via Portuense. 12. Representation of a Bath, from the Prætorian Camp. 14. Hercules conquered by Love. 18. A veiled woman presenting a statuette to a seated nude figure, probably Mercury: a beautiful work. 24. Personification of the Month of May. 27. An Inundation of the Nile. 28. A Ship entering a Port. In the centre of the room,
ALTAR OF THE LARES.
In the month of August 1888, on the Via Arenula, the new street leading to the new Ponte Garibaldi, at the corner of the Via di S. Bartolomeo dei Vaccinari, the last street on the right which leads up to the reputed House and School of S. Paul, at the depth of twenty-seven feet (which shows how the soil has accumulated here), another of the Lares Compitales of the time of Augustus was discovered. It is a square marble altar with a beautiful cornice, which is, unfortunately, broken. On the front is a relief representing four men at a sacrifice, with bay crowns upon their veiled heads. A bull and a pig are by assistants being led up to sacrifice--the bull to the Genius Cæsarum, and the pig to the Lares. On each side of the altar is the figure of a youth, the titular deities; and at the back a crown.
Above the relief in front is the inscription,--
LARIBVS . AVGVSTIS CIVS . C. M MANIVS C. _l. iu_STVS MAG. VICI ANNI . NONI
It was dedicated to the Lares of Augustus by four officials of a street nine years after Augustus had restored the street shrines. That was in 6 B.C. (Dion Cassius, lv. 8); so this altar was erected in A.D. 3.
On the right side under the cornice is inscribed,--
P . CLODIVS . P
and on the left side,--
S . L . L . SALVIVS .
evidently the names of two of the officials.
The altar stands on a travertine base, on which is written,--
_ma_GISTRI . VICI . ÆSCLETI . ANNI . VIIII
which is valuable as giving us the name of the street Vicus Æscletus, Beech Street.
"Nec rigida mollior æsculo." HORACE, _Odes_, iii. 10.
"Altior ac penitus terræ defigitur arbos, Æsculus in primis." VIRGIL, _Georgics_, ii. 290.
This is the first mention we have of this street. The victors of the Pythian games were crowned with a chaplet made of beech leaves before the bay (laurel) was used; hence Ovid,--
"Æsculeæ capiebat frondis honorem." _Met._ i. 449.
Suetonius ("Augustus," xxx.) says, "He divided the city into regions and streets, ordaining that the annual magistrates should take by lot the charge of the former, and that the latter should be superintended by wardens chosen out of the people of each neighbourhood." Pliny ("N. H.," iii. 9) says, "The city is divided into fourteen regions, with two hundred and sixty-five cross streets under the guardianship of the Lares."
The pedestal of the Apollo, leader of the Muses (No. 516), in the Vatican Museum, is an altar dedicated to the Laribus Augustis, Genius Cæsarum, by four street officials; on the left of which is the Genius of Augustus, similar to the statue, 555, in the Sala Rotonda.
If the Jewish tradition is correct, that the House of S. Paul was at the angle of the Via S. Bartolomeo dei Vaccinari and the Via degli Strengari; and if the Romish Church tradition is true, that he had a school (room shown) at the Church of S. Paola alla Regola, on the Via S. Paola alla Regola, a continuation of the Via S. Bartolomeo dei Vaccinari; then we have at last arrived at the name of the street where the apostle dwelt for two whole years in his own hired house, 62 to 64,--namely, the Vicus Æscletus, probably so called because it led to a grove of beech trees, Æsculus being corrupted into Æscletus.
Pliny (xvi. 15) speaks of this grove: "Q. Hortensius, the dictator, on the secession of the plebeians to the Janiculum (A.U.C. 466), passed a law in the Æsculetum, that what the plebeians had enacted should be binding on every Roman citizen."
* * * * *
_Second Room._--The walls are encased with inscriptions. _On the left_ is a fragment of a Roman calendar, found in 1888 near S. Martino di Monti. It represents the 1st to 3rd, 18th to 29th of April, and 1st to 4th of May. _On the door_ is part of a Lex Horreorum of the time of Hadrian. These magazines were situated near Monte Testaccio. _On the right_ of window inscription of Lucius Aquilinus Modestus, master of the guild of timber merchants at Ostia. _On the door opposite_, inscription dedicated to the imperial house by a college of health found near Monte Testaccio.
_Third Room._--_In the centre_ is the pedestal of the statue of Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi, which Pliny (xxxiv. 14) tells us was erected in the Portico of Octavia, where it was found in 1879. _On right of door_, fragment of the inscription recording Hadrian burning the bonds in Trajan's Forum in 118; a part of the inscription is in Trajan's Forum. _By the window_, inscription to Aulus Septicius Alexander, a seller of floral wreaths on the Via Sacra. _By the next window_, a dedication to Concord by Marcus Artorius Geminus, prefect of the military treasury, from the Temple of Concord in the Forum. Inscription to Nero and Poppæa, wishing them good health, on behalf of the governor of the Balearic Islands, A.D. 60. Fragment of a Fasti, A.D. 220. A fragment of the Maffeiano Calendar. _On the next wall_, inscription of Lucius Considius Gallus, prætor for the strangers, etc.
Page 184. _Hall of Inscriptions: First Room._--No. 11. Sarcophagus representing hunting of wild animals. 18. Cippus to Faustina the elder, erected by an official of the treasury, found near the Temple of Saturn in the Forum. 19. Head of Giuba II., King of Numidia. 26. Base dedicated to Hercules Victorious. 28. Sarcophagus of a boar and stag hunt. 30. Sarcophagus, Hunt of the Calydonian Boar, from third room. (See at foot of page 183.)
_Near the door_, inscription of a monument to Marcus Calpurnius Piso Frugi, B.C. 88, restored by Trajan. _Over the door_, inscription of the guild of bargemen of Ostia, A.D. 193.
Page 185, line 2, _for_ 2 _read_ 3; _for_ 6 _read_ 4; _for_ 12, 13 _read_ 15, 17; _for_ 15 _read_ 19.
Page 186, line 7, _for_ 5 _read_ 20.
Page 187. _Hall of Emperors._--A fine head of Augustus, found, 1889, on Via Merulana, represents him crowned with a wreath of myrtle in commemoration of the ovation celebrated by him (Pliny, xv. 38).
Page 192. GHETTO.--The Via Rua and other streets of the Jews' Quarter have been demolished.
Page 194. The new bridge, Ponte Garibaldi, is approached by the new Via Arenula.
Page 196. The Spada Palace is closed to the public.
Page 199. The Pons Cestius is being rebuilt.
Page 201. The Ponte Rotto has been destroyed by the municipality, and a new bridge, Ponte Palatino, has been built alongside the site of the old one.
Page 208. THE WALL OF THE LATINS.--This is now best seen from the new road, Via di Porta S. Paolo.
Page 212. THE CLOACA MAXIMA.--_For_ 530 _read_ 615. The exit is now covered by the new embankment of the Tiber.
Page 222, line 14, _for_ by entering the stonemason's yard, _read_ in the new excavations.
Page 248. MUSEO URBINO.--Not yet opened to the public.
Page 254, line 11, _for_ close by _read_ in the Via Urbana.
Page 255, tenth line from bottom, _for_ we come to where _read_ at the junction of the new Via Cavour, the Via Giovanni Lanza; and
Page 258, line 21, _for_ Paul _read_ Pius.
NEW NATIONAL MUSEUM--Page 265.
The Government is forming in the old monastery, amidst the ruins of the Baths of Diocletian, a museum, composed of the objects found on Government property since 1870. It promises to be one of the most interesting collections in Rome. Amongst the objects of primary importance we may mention the Ceres, found in the Stadium of Domitian on the Palatine, 1878. The Apollo Ægioclus from Hadrian's Villa. The bronze Meleager by Lysippus, found in February 1885 amidst the ruins of the Thermæ of Constantine on the Quirinal Hill. The Boxer, also in bronze, found in the same place in April of the same year. This is the most realistic statue preserved from ancient days. The youth Bacchus, in bronze, found in the Tiber, September 1885; probably by Praxiteles, or of his school.
Page 269. Ludovisi Museum closed to the public.
Page 284, last line but 13, _for_ palace _read_ Prætorian Camp.
Page 299. Sixth line. At the tenth mile carriages _cannot now_ pass into the Via Appia Nuova. From the eighth to the eleventh mile it is now practicable to walkers only.
NEW ETRUSCAN MUSEUM--Page 305.
The Government have formed in the Villa of Papa Julio a museum of the objects recently discovered at Civita Castellana, the ancient Etruscan city of Falerii. Our young friends will remember the Schoolmaster and his Pupils. The objects are arranged in cases round the rooms, and are of great interest; but they are considerably mixed as regards their epochs. Three periods are represented--Native, Etruscan, and Greek. Instead of these being arranged in distinct cases, they are mixed up in nearly every case. Some of the vases are fine works of art, whilst all are interesting. The wooden coffins, hollowed out of trees, should be examined; also the skull with the gold band, which formerly supported four false teeth.
* * * * *
Page 315. Dr. Forbes's excursion is on Friday.
ROMAN DIRECTORY.
Page 352. The fare for a course is now half a lira.
Page 355. _For_ Monsignor Macchi _read_ the Maggiordomo. Villa Ludovisi destroyed, Museum closed.
Page 356. Father Gavazzi is dead.
Page 357. Vansittart's bank is closed. British Ambassador, the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava. United States Minister, the Hon. Albert G. Porter. United States Consul-General, Mr. Augustus Bourne. Mosaics--Gallant's is closed.
Page 358. Chapman's Pension is 76 Via S. Niccolo da Tolentino. Tallinback's Pension is at 66 Via due Macelli. Population to June 30, 1889, was 408,000. Protection of Animals--Office, Via S. Giacomo. Theatres--Apollo destroyed; Umberto closed.
Preface.
The object of our work is to describe in a practical manner the points of interest in and around the Eternal City. One half of our life has been spent in studying Rome on the spot. For our guides we have had the classic authorities and recent excavations; and it has been with us a labour of love to work out from our authors the meaning of the ruins uncovered, and impart the information thus obtained to others.
The excavations of the last few years have thrown an entirely new flood of light upon the existing remains and Roman history, and have proved beyond doubt that there is a great deal more truth in the early history of Rome than has generally been supposed. It has been our privilege to watch the excavations year after year, and elucidate the remains found; and our labours have been rewarded with some not unimportant discoveries. We state nothing without citing classic authority to bear us witness, and the authority so cited agrees in a marvellous way with the ruins discovered. We feel that our efforts have been appreciated by the many hundreds whom we have guided to these classic spots, and we hope our book may be likewise valued by those who cannot come to Rome.
These Rambles will enable the visitor who is making a brief stay in Rome to see the principal objects of interest in a short time.
By following the instructions given much time will be saved, and the Rambler will not have to go over the same ground unnecessarily.
Visitors whose stay is limited to a few days should select the subjects they are most interested in; whilst others, who have "plenty of time," are advised to divide the Rambles according to the time at their disposal.
S. R. F. ROME, _December 1886_.
List of Illustrations.
PLAN OF ANCIENT ROME, xxviii
PIAZZA DEL POPOLO, 3
COLUMN OF MARCUS AURELIUS, 7
TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE, 9
PLAN OF THE ROMAN FORUM, 17
THE ROMAN FORUM, LOOKING TOWARDS THE CAPITOLINE HILL, 19
THE ROMAN FORUM FROM THE CAPITOL, 23
DUILIAN COLUMN, 25
TEMPLE OF VESPASIAN, TABULARIUM, AND PORTICO OF THE TWELVE GODS, 29
DEATH OF VIRGINIA, 34
PLAN OF THE ROSTRA, AND TEMPLE-TOMB OF CÆSAR, 37
HADRIAN ADDRESSING THE PEOPLE FROM THE ROSTRA JULIA, 37
MARCUS CURTIUS LEAPING INTO THE GULF, 39
THE ROSTRA, 42
PLAN OF THE ROSTRA AD PALMAM, 45
RELIEF FROM THE ARCH OF CONSTANTINE, 47
DEDICATION OF THE TEMPLE, 51
PLAN OF THE ATRIUM VESTÆ, 53
PLAN OF THE NORTH SIDE OF THE SACRA VIA, 57
PLAN OF THE HOUSE OF CÆSAR AND PORTICO OF PEARL-DEALERS, 61
PLAN OF THE PALATINE HILL, AND PALACE OF THE CÆSARS, 68
PLAN OF THE PALACE OF DOMITIAN, 80
PLAN OF THE HOUSE OF GERMANICUS, 81
PLAN OF THE BASILICA ON THE PALATINE, 82
ARCH OF TITUS, BEFORE RECENT EXCAVATIONS, 87
BAS-RELIEF ON THE ARCH OF TITUS, 88
ARCH OF TITUS, WITH THE META SUDANS, AND BASILICÆ OF THE FORUM OF CUPID, 90
ARCH OF CONSTANTINE, 93
THE COLOSSEUM, 97
EXCAVATIONS ON THE ARENA OF COLOSSEUM, 99
SECTION OF SEATS AND ARCHES OF THE COLOSSEUM, 102
S. PETER'S AND THE VATICAN, 107
INTERIOR OF S. PETER'S, 111
THE FARNESE PALACE, 133
THE PAULINE FOUNTAIN, 139
THE PANTHEON, 151
INTERIOR OF THE PANTHEON, 153
BATHS OF AGRIPPA, 157
VIEW OF THE CAPITOL, 165
TEMPLE OF JUPITER CAPITOLINUS, 167
TARPEIAN ROCK, 168
PLAN OF THE PALAZZO DEI CONSERVATORI, 176
ROUND TEMPLE OF HERCULES AND TEMPLE OF PATRICIAN CHASTITY, 203
FOUNTAIN OF TREVI, 215
PLAN OF THE FORUM OF TRAJAN, 219
TRAJAN'S FORUM, 221
BATHS OF HADRIAN AND GOLDEN HOUSE OF NERO, 225
THE SCALA SANTA, 242
BASILICA OF S. MARIA MAGGIORE, 257
BATHS OF CARACALLA, 277
CIRCUS OF MAXENTIUS, 295
TOMB OF CECILIA METELLA, 297
MAP OF THE ROMAN CAMPAGNA, 300
PLAN OF TIVOLI, 316
GROTTO OF THE SIBYL, TIVOLI, 319
TEMPLE OF VESTA AND GROTTO OF NEPTUNE, 320
PLAN OF HADRIAN'S VILLA AT TIVOLI, 322
VILLA OF HADRIAN, 323
PORTA MAGGIORE, 325
CLAUDIAN AQUEDUCT, 329
SKETCH PLAN OF THE EXCAVATIONS AT OSTIA, 345
CONTENTS.
FIRST IMPRESSIONS.
THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ROME -- THE PLAN OF OUR RAMBLES -- HEALTH AND CLIMATE -- USEFUL HINTS -- THE TIBER -- HOW ROME BECAME RUINS -- THE WALLS OF ROME -- THE GATES -- ROMAN CONSTRUCTION xi-xxvii
RAMBLE I.
THE CENTRE OF ROME.
PIAZZA DEL POPOLO -- THE OBELISK -- S. MARIA DEL POPOLO -- THE CORSO -- S. LORENZO IN LUCINA -- POST OFFICE -- ENGLISH CHURCH -- COLUMN OF MARCUS AURELIUS -- MONTE CITORIO -- PARLIAMENT HOUSE -- OBELISK -- TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE -- S. MARIA IN VIA LATA -- THE SEPTA -- THE DORIA GALLERY -- TOMBS OF ATTIA CLAUDIA AND BIBULUS -- THE MAMERTINE PRISON -- THE FORUM OF JULIUS CÆSAR -- THE ROMAN FORUM AND ITS RUINS -- THE VIA SACRA -- TEMPLES OF ROMULUS, VENUS AND ROMA -- TEMPLE OF THE PENATES -- HOUSE OF JULIUS CÆSAR -- BASILICA OF CONSTANTINE -- S. FRANCISCA ROMANA -- THE PALATINE HILL AND THE PALACE OF THE CÆSARS -- ARCH OF TITUS -- THE TEMPLE OF THE SUN -- THE FORUM OF CUPID -- PEDESTAL OF NERO'S COLOSSUS -- META SUDANS -- ARCH OF CONSTANTINE -- THE COLOSSEUM 1-102
RAMBLE II.
IN TRASTEVERE.
THE BRIDGE AND CASTLE OF S. ANGELO -- THE TOMB OF HADRIAN -- S. PETER'S -- THE SACRISTY -- THE CRYPT -- THE DOME -- THE VATICAN -- SCALA REGIA -- SISTINE AND PAULINE CHAPELS -- STANZE AND LOGGIE OF RAPHAEL -- THE PICTURE GALLERY -- THE MOSAIC MANUFACTORY -- THE MUSEUM OF SCULPTURE -- THE INQUISITION -- PORTA S. SPIRITO -- S. ONOFRIO AND TASSO'S TOMB -- MUSEUM TIBERINO -- THE CORSINI AND FARNESINA PALACES -- PORTA SETTIMIANA -- VIA GARIBALDI -- S. PIETRO IN MONTORIO -- PAULINE FOUNTAIN -- VILLA PAMPHILI DORIA -- S. CECILIA IN TRASTEVERE -- CHURCH OF S. CRISOGONO -- STAZIONE VII COHORTI DEI VIGILI -- CHURCH OF S. MARIA IN TRASTEVERE -- PONTE SISTO -- FARNESE AND CANCELLERIA PALACES -- STATUE OF PASQUINO -- CHIESA NUOVA -- CIRCO AGONALE -- OBELISK -- S. AGNESE -- S. MARIA DELLA PACE -- S. AGOSTINO 103-145
RAMBLE III.
BY THE TIBER.