CHAPTER XII

MINOR DEITIES

Xolotl—Ixtlilton—Omacatl—The Ciuateteô or Ciuapipiltin pp. 344–358

APPENDIX

THE TONALAMATL AND THE SOLAR CALENDAR

Day-signs—Model tonalamatl—The day-gods—Gods of the “weeks”—Lords of the night—Lords of the day-hours—Tonalamatl festivals— Recapitulation—The calendar round—The nemontemi—The Venus period—Short bibliography of works relating to the tonalamatl pp. 359–371

A CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MEXICAN RELIGION pp. 372–381

GLOSSARY pp. 382–383

INDEX pp. 384–388

ILLUSTRATIONS

Nephrite Figure of a Death-god Frontispiece

FACING PAGES Colossal Statue of Coatlicue 14, 15 Statue of Coatlicue 16, 17 The Great Calendar Stone of Mexico 38 Symbols of the “Suns” in Mexican Cosmogony 40, 41 The Trees of the World-quarters 58, 59 The Tree of the Middle-quarter 60 Uitzilopochtli 66 Coyolxauhqui 67 The Red and Black Tezcatlipocâs 92 Tezcatlipocâ in Various Forms 93, 98 Altar of Skulls to Tezcatlipocâ 99 Quetzalcoatl and Tlauizcalpantecutli 118 Quetzalcoatl and the Death-god 119 Forms of Quetzalcoatl 120, 121 Tonacatecutli-Tonacaciuatl 121 Forms of Tlazolteotl 156, 157 Forms of Chicomecoatl 170 Cinteotl 171 Ciuacoatl 180 Forms of Ciuacoatl 181 Xochiquetzal and her Symbols 188 Forms of Xochiquetzal 189, 190 Stone Figures of Macuilxochitl 196, 197 Forms of Macuilxochitl 198 Forms of Xochipilli 199 Pottery Figure of Xochipilli 200 Forms of Xochipilli 201 Forms of Xipe 204 Stone Image of Xipe 205 Forms of Xipe 208 Itzpapalotl 222 Itzpapalotl (Stone of Aristides Martel) 223 Xilonen and Zapotlantenan 223 Forms of Tlaloc 236, 237, 240 Chalchihuitlicue 258 Chalchihuitlicue and Tlauizcalpantecutli 259 Chalchihuitlicue and Uixtociuatl 260 Forms of the Tlaloquê 261 Xiuhtecutli and Tlauizcalpantecutli 268, 269, 272 Xiuhtecutli and Chantico 276 Ixcoçanhqui and Chantico 277 Tepoxtecatl 292 Patecatl, with Octli Emblems 293 The Octli-gods 298, 299 Totoltecatl 299 Forms of Tonatiuh 300 Mexican Idea of Sacrifice to the Sun-god 301 Planetary Deities 304 Forms of Mixcoatl 310, 311 Forms of Tlauizcalpantecutli 320 Tlauizcalpantecutli and Victim 321 Forms of the Underworld Deities 328 Statue of an Octli-god 329 Variants of the Great Gods 336 Xolotl and Tlaloc 344 Minor Deities 345 The Lords of the Night-hours 364

NOTE ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF MEXICAN

The pronunciation of Mexican names presents at first some little difficulty. The letter X is invariably pronounced as sh, so that Mixcoatl and Mexitli are, viva voce, Mishcoatly and Meshitlee, the final tl being pronounced as tl followed by a short y, although the natives in many parts of the country articulate it with a definite clicking sound, unapproachable by a European. The names of the more important gods are pronounced as follows:

Uitzilopochtli = Wit-zil-o-potchtly Tezcatlipocâ = Tez-catly-pocā Quetzalcoatl = Quetzal-co-at-ly Xipe = Shee-pay Chalchihuitlicue = Chal-chĕĕ-wĕĕt-lēē-kway.

Most of the others are comparatively simple of pronunciation. The ch sound is pronounced as in Spanish, i.e. hard, as in “thatch.”

THE GODS OF MEXICO