CHAPTER XX

STUDIES FROM NATURE--BIRDS AND BEASTS

The Introduction of Animal Forms--Rude Vitality better than Dull "Natural History"--"Action"--Difficulties of the Study for Town-Bred Students--The Aid of Books and Photographs--Outline Drawing and Suggestion of Main Masses--Sketch-Book Studies, Sections, and Notes--Swiss Animal Carving--The Clay Model: its Use and Abuse 191

FORESHORTENING AS APPLIED TO WORK IN RELIEF

Intelligible Background Outline Better than Confused Foreshortening--Superposition of Masses 205

UNDERCUTTING AND "BUILT-UP" WORK

Undercutting as a Means and as an End; its Use and Abuse--"Built-up" Work--"Planted" Work--"Pierced" Work 214