CHAPTER XX
PIRATE LIFE AND DEATH
The company of men on board a pirate vessel, especially during that great period of activity in roving following the Peace of Ryswick in 1697, well illustrate in their relations with one another, the main features of that ideal commonwealth where everything is held in common and where everyone has an equal voice in public affairs. As in every well-ordered government it is necessary to have leaders, so in pirate companies there must be captains, quartermasters, gunners, boatswains, and other officers, but none may remain in authority after having lost the confidence and support of the company. This appears in a speech made at the time Bartholomew Roberts was elected a pirate captain.
“Should a Captain be so sawcy as to exceed Prescription at any time,” said one of the pirate Lords, “why down with Him; it will be a Caution after he is dead, to his successors, of what a fatal Consequence any sort of assuming may be. However, it is my Advice, that, while we are sober, we pitch upon a Man of Courage, and skill’d in Navigation, one, who by his Council and Bravery seems best able to defend this Commonwealth, and ward us from Dangers and Tempests of an instable Element, and the fatal Consequences of Anarchy.”
The successful captain of a pirate vessel must possess qualities of leadership and a dare-devil courage, for nothing will so quickly brand a pirate leader and lose for him the support of his crew as an appearance of cowardice,--a show of the white feather. Sometimes it may be no more than a difference of judgment, but failing in the loyal support of a resolute company no captain can last very long. This is shown in the case of Capt. Charles Vane who defied Capt. Woods Rogers’ men-of-war at New Providence in 1717, but the very next year when he fell in with a French man-of-war off Cape Nicholas, his company was divided as to what course to pursue. Vane was for making off as fast as possible being of the opinion that the Frenchman was too strong for them. The quartermaster, John Rackham,[177] was of a different opinion saying, “That tho’ she had more Guns, and a greater Weight of Mettal, they might board her and then the best Boys would carry the Day.” At last, although the majority were for attacking, Captain Vane exercised his right to settle the dispute, for his power by universal agreement was absolute in time of chase, and so the brigantine showed her heels to the Frenchman and outsailed her. But the next day the captain’s decision was made to stand the test of a popular vote and he failed of support. A resolution was passed branding him a coward and deposing him from command. He was given a small sloop with a supply of provisions and ammunition and sent off with all those who did not vote for boarding the French man-of-war.
The captain of a pirate company was generally chosen for his daring and dominating character and for being “pistol proof.” Among hardened pirates the one who went the greatest length in cruelty and destructiveness was looked upon with a certain amount of admiration. The captain had the great cabin to himself but any man had the right to use his punch bowl, enter the cabin, swear at him and seize his food without his finding fault, except as between men; but this rarely happened.
When a captain was chosen there was usually some little ceremony on conducting him to the cabin. After the election had taken place, a complimentary speech would be made expressing the desire that he would take the command as the most capable among them and on his accepting he would be led into the cabin in state and seated at a table with only one other chair and that at the lower end. This was reserved for the company’s quartermaster who then would seat himself also and tell the captain in behalf of the crew (whose spokesman he was) that having confidence in him they all promised to obey his lawful commands. Then taking up a sword, the quartermaster would present it and declare him captain, at the same time saying, “This is the commission under which you are to act; may you prove fortunate to yourself and us.” The guns would then be fired with a charge of round shot and a rousing three cheers given in honor of the new captain. The ceremony would end with an invitation from the captain to such as he wished to have dine with him and an order for a large bowl of punch for every mess.
[Illustration:
THE
TRIALS
OF
Five Persons
For Piracy, Felony and Robbery,
Who were found Guilty and Condemned, at a Court of Admiralty for the Trial of Piracies, Felonies and Robberies, committed on the High Seas, Held at the Court-House in _Boston_, within His Majesty’s Province of the _Massachusetts-Bay_ in _New-England_, on _Tuesday_ the Fourth Day of _October_, Anno Domini, 1726. Pursuant to His Majesty’s Royal Commission, founded on an Act of Parliament made in the Eleventh and Twelfth Years of the Reign of King _William_ the Third, Entituled, _An Act for the more effectual Suppression of Piracy_; And made Perpetual by an Act of the Sixth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King _GEORGE_.
_BOSTON_: Printed by _T Fleet_ for _S Gerrish_ at the Lower End of _Cornhill_. 1726. ]
The captain had usually a sort of privy council which was composed of certain of the officers and older and more experienced sailors and these were sometimes distinguished by the title of “Lord.” The captain’s power was supreme in time of chase or action. He then had the right to strike, stab or shoot any man who disobeyed his orders. He also had power over prisoners and could condemn them to ill usage or set them free but this power did not extend to cargo or captured vessel for then the property interests of the company were concerned.
The quartermaster came next after the captain in exercising authority over the affairs of the pirate company. He was chosen with the approval of the crew who could claim authority in this way through him, except in time of battle. At discretion he could punish any of the men for insubordination, by blows or whipping, which no one else might do without standing in danger of receiving the lash from the ship’s company. In a way he was the trustee for all and was usually the first on board a prize. For small offences, too insignificant for a jury, he was the arbitrator. If any of the crew disobeyed his commands, plundered when plundering should end, or failed to keep their weapons in good order, the quartermaster then might punish them. He was the manager of all duels and in fact was the magistrate of the company.
Pirate craft usually sailed under what was known as “the Jamaica Discipline,” a commonwealth or form of government that originated among the West India privateers or buccaneers. All pirate companies also adopted codes of laws or “Articles,” as they were called, to govern their actions and these were signed and sworn to by all. These “Articles” varied somewhat in form and substance but in general included the following obligations, viz:--
I
Every man had a vote in all affairs of importance and equal title to all fresh provisions or strong liquors that had been taken and might use them at pleasure unless a scarcity made it necessary to vote a restriction for the common good.
II
Every man was to be called in turn, as entered in the quartermaster’s list, to go on board prizes, because on such occasions each was allowed a shift of clothing from the captured stores. This was in addition to the common share in the plunder of the prize. If any man, however, defrauded the common store of the company, in plates, jewelry or money, to the value of a piece of eight, the punishment was to be marooned on some uninhabited island or shore and supplied with only a gun, a few shot, a bottle of water and a bottle of powder, and there to starve or escape if possible by some unexpected good fortune. If a man robbed another of the same company, the ears or nose of the guilty party might be slit, after which he sometimes would be put ashore, not on an uninhabited island, but where he was sure to encounter hardships.
III
No gaming for money at cards or dice was allowed under any circumstances as likely to lead to fighting and death.
IV
All lights and candles must be put out before eight o’clock at night and after that hour if any of the crew continued drinking they were to do it on the open deck. This rule in relation to drinking was not observed on board a number of the pirate ships. The snapping of arms and smoking of tobacco in the hold was also forbidden on board most ships.
V
Every man must keep his gun, pistol and cutlass clean and fit for service. This rule was seldom broken for its necessity was recognized by all. Moreover, there was always more or less competition between men over the beauty and richness of their arms. When an auction was held “at the mast,” sometimes as much as £30 or £40, would be bid for a pair of fine pistols. These were slung into bright colored sashes worn over the shoulders in a manner peculiar to the pirates, giving a very showy appearance to the swaggering individual.
VI
No women were allowed on board and if any man induced a woman to go to sea in disguise he was to suffer death. When a vessel was captured if a woman was found among the passengers a sentinel was placed over her immediately to prevent ill consequences from so dangerous a cause for quarrels. As a rule, boys were not allowed in pirate companies but exceptions to this rule sometimes occurred.
VII
To desert the ship or to abandon quarters in time of battle was punished with death or marooning.
VIII
No man was permitted to strike a member of his company while on board ship. All quarrels must be settled on shore, with sword or pistol, the quartermaster acting as master of ceremonies. The usual rule was for him to attempt a reconciliation but if the difference could not be healed without a fight he would go ashore with such assistants as he thought proper and after placing the meh back to back they would walk apart the number of paces agreed upon and at the word of command immediately turn and fire. If both missed, they might fall to with cutlasses and the man who drew first blood was declared the victor.
IX
No man was allowed to talk of breaking up their way of living until each had shared £1000. In case a man lost a limb or was otherwise injured there was to be an allowance made to him out of the common stock in proportion to his injury. These amounts varied with the company but a leg was usually estimated as worth eight hundred to a thousand pieces of eight.
X
The captain and the quartermaster each received usually two shares in a prize; the master, gunner, and boatswain, a share and a half, and the other officers, a share and a quarter. The men had a share apiece.
XI
All the larger pirate vessels carried musicians--trumpeters, drummers and fiddlers, and these men were given a day off on Sunday.
When a vessel was captured the likely men among the prisoners would be solicited by the quartermaster or captain to join the pirate crew and sign the “Articles,” and young and active men who refused to sign would sometimes be compelled to join the company in the hope that later they might have a change of heart and in any event be of service in navigating the vessel. This was called “forcing,” and when the captain or fellow-seamen of the forced men reached shore, an advertisement was oftentimes inserted in a newspaper, stating the circumstances so that in case the forced men were taken while on board a pirate vessel they might point to the advertisement as evidence of their innocence.[178]
The flags on pirate vessels were intended to strike terror to the hearts of mariners and usually displayed a white skull and cross-bones on a black ground. Sometimes the skeleton of a man was depicted, usually styled at the time “an anatomy.” Sometimes a livid heart pierced by an arrow dripping blood was displayed. Small pirate companies contented themselves with a plain black flag without device. Capt. Howell Davis for lack of something better hung aloft “a dirty Tarpawlin,” while attacking a French vessel near Hispaniola. He afterwards used a black flag as did his associate La Bouse. Blackbeard sailed under a black flag along the Carolina coast but Major Stede Bonnet about the same time used “a bloody flag” and Captain Worley, who was on the same coast in 1718, flew “a black ensign with a white Death’s head in the middle of it.”
Captain Roberts at first used a black flag which he called “the Jolly Roger,” although this term did not originate with him, but afterwards becoming enraged at the many attempts made by the governors of Barbadoes and Martinico to take him, he ordered a new jack to be made with his own figure portrayed standing on two skulls. Under one were the letters A. B. H. and under the other, A. M. H., signifying “A Barbadian’s Head” and “A Martinican’s Head.” When Roberts sailed into Whydah in January, 1722, he had a “black silk flag flying at the mizen peak and a jack and pendant of the same: The Flag had a Death in it, with an Hour-Glass in one Hand, and cross-Bones in the other, a Dart by it, and underneath a Heart dropping three Drops of Blood. The Jack had a Man pourtray’d on it, with a flaming Sword in his Hand, and standing on two Skulls.”
Frequent mention has been made of the cruelty and destructiveness of pirate captains. They often sank or burned the vessels that they took. Sometimes it was done to prevent news of their presence getting abroad before they were ready to sail for some other hunting ground. Sometimes they lacked men enough to navigate their captures and at other times the pirate captain would be displeased at the prolonged defense or flight of the captured master. Sometimes the fate of a fine ship and rich cargo was decided by a caprice or through sheer destructiveness. Frequently enquiry would be made among the crew of a captured vessel if their captain was a good master and kind to his men and when a favorable answer was made such a captain would be let off more easily.
[Illustration: THE PIRATE SHIPS “ROYAL FORTUNE” AND “RANGER” IN WHYDAH ROAD, JANUARY 11, 1722
From an engraving in Johnson’s “General History of the Pirates,” London, 1725]
Bartholomew Roberts, one of the most successful and level-headed of the pirate captains who plagued shipping during the first quarter of the eighteenth century, sailed into the harbor of Trepassi in Newfoundland, the last of June, 1720, with black colors flying, drums beating and trumpets sounding. There were twenty-two vessels at anchor in the harbor and every man on board fled ashore at sight of the pirate ship. Roberts burned or sank every vessel except one, which he manned, and then ruthlessly destroyed all the fishing stages of the poor planters, depriving inoffensive men of their means of livelihood with absolutely no attendant advantage to himself. It was this same crew that captured the ship “Samuel,” Captain Cary, a few days later. She was from London bound for Boston with a rich cargo. These furies opened the hatches and swarmed into the hold armed with axes and cutlasses and cut and smashed all the bales, cases and boxes they could reach and when any goods came on deck that they didn’t want to carry aboard their ship, instead of tossing them back into the hold they threw them overboard. Captain Cary was told “that they should accept no Act of Grace; that the King and Parliament might be damned with their Acts of Grace; neither would they go to Hope’s Point, to be hang’d up a sun drying, as Kidd’s and Braddish’s Company were; but if ever they should be overpowered, they would set Fire to the Powder, with a Pistol, and go all merrily to Hell together.”[179]
“Walking the plank” was a diversion practised at a later day among the West India pirates whereby their victims were blindfolded and forced to find a watery grave at the end of a plank thrust out from the vessel’s side. But this was not original with them for in the days of the Roman empire when the Mediterranean pirates took a ship they frequently would enquire if any on board were Romans and when found the pirates would fall down on their knees before the citizens of that illustrious nation, as though asking pardon for what they had done. Other deferences would be shown until their captives actually grew to believe in their sincerity. When that point was attained the outlaws would hang the ship’s ladder over the side and with great show of courtesy tell their victims they were free to leave the vessel in that way. The shock to the unfortunate Romans always greatly amused the pirates who then would throw them overboard with much laughter.
Since those early times when men first effected crude forms of government to guard and control their relations with each other, the pirate has been looked upon as a common enemy. In the days of the Roman empire neither faith nor oath need be kept with him. However, “might made right” in those days, as in later times, and when large bodies of successful sea rovers set up an organized state or government that assumed a somewhat permanent form, after a time they would be recognized by existing nations and granted the right of legalized warfare with diplomatic and commercial intercourse. The Mediterranean and the Baltic were nurseries for growths of this character and as late as 1818, European nations were paying tribute to the corsair governments on the Barbary coast.
Piracy was considered among Englishmen a kind of petty treason until about the year 1350, when it was made a felony by law and it has remained so ever since. In 1536, during the reign of Henry VIII, the laws relating to piracy were defined by Act of Parliament and the forms of trial, executions of sentence, etc., were established and with slight modifications were in force in New England during the period covered by the preceding chapters. By the practical working of this statute curious applications sometimes developed. An Englishman captured from a foreign vessel flying the flag of a country with which England was then at war, was declared to be a pirate and so dealt with; but a subject of a country at war with England, if taken on board an English pirate vessel, was not deemed to be engaged in piracy but in actual warfare.
Here are some of the laws at that time, relating to piracy, abstracted from the “Statutes of the Realm.”
“_If Letters of_ Marque _be granted to a Merchant, and he furnishes out a Ship, with a Captain and Mariners, and they, instead of taking the Goods, or Ships of that Nation against whom their Commission is awarded, take the Ship and Goods of a Friend, this is Pyracy; and if the Ship arrive in any Part of his Majesty’s Dominions, it will be seized, and for ever left to the Owners; but they are no Way liable to make Satisfaction._
“_If a Ship is assaulted and taken by the Pyrates, for Redemption of which, the Master becomes a Slave to the Captors, by the Law_ Marine; _the Ship and Lading are tacitly obliged for his Redemption, by a general Contribution; but if it happen through his own Folly, then no Contribution is to be made._
“_If Subjects in Enmity with the Crown of_ England, _are aboard an_ English _Pyrate, in Company with_ English, _and a Robbery is committed, and they are taken; it is Felony in the_ English, _but not in the Stranger; for it was no Pyracy in them, but the Depredation of an Enemy, and they will be tried by a Martial Law._
“_If Pyracy is committed by Subjects in Enmity with_ England _upon the_ British _Seas, it is properly only punishable by the Crown of_ England, _who have issued_ Regimen & Domininum _exclusive of all other Power._
“_If Pyracy be committed on the Ocean, and the Pyrates in the Attempt be overcome, the Captors may, without any Solemnity of Condemnation, hang them up at the Main-Yard; if they are brought to the next Port, and the Judge rejects the Tryal, or the Captors cannot wait for the Judge, without Peril or Loss, Justice may be done upon them by the Captors._
“_If Merchandize be delivered to a Master, to carry to one Port, and he carries it to another, and sells and disposes of it, this is not Felony; but if, after unlading it at the first Port, he retakes it, it is Pyracy._
“_If a Pyrate attack a Ship, and the Master for Redemption, gives his Oath to pay a Sum of Money, tho’ there be nothing taken, yet it is Pyracy by the Law_ Marine.
“_If a Ship is riding at Anchor, and the Mariners all ashore, and a Pyrate attack her, and rob her, this is Pyracy._
“_If a Man commit Pyracy upon the Subjects of any Prince, or Republick, (though in Amity with us), and brings the Goods into_ England, _and sells them in a Market_ Overt, _the same shall bind, and the Owners are for ever excluded._
“_If a Pyrate enters a Port of this Kingdom, and robs a Ship at Anchor there, it is not Pyracy, because not done_, super altum Mare; _but is Robbery at common Law, because_ infra Corpus Comitatus. _A Pardon of all Felonies does not extend to Pyracy, but the same ought to be especially named._
“_This Act shall not prejudice any Person, or Persons, urged by Necessity, for taking Victuals, Cables, Ropes, Anchors or Sails, out of another Ship that may spare them, so as they either pay ready Money, or Money worth for them, or give a Bill for the Payment thereof; if on this Side the Straits of_ Gibraltar, _within four Months; if beyond, within twelve Months._
“_If any natural born Subjects or Denizons of_ England, _commit Pyracy, or any Act of Hostility, against his Majesty’s Subjects at Sea, under Colour of a Commission or Authority, from any foreign Prince or State, or Person whatsoever, such Offenders shall be adjudged Pyrates._
“_If any Commander or Master of a Ship, or Seaman or Mariner, give up his Ship, &c. to Pyrates, or combine to yield up, or run away with any Ship, or lay violent Hands on his Commander, or endeavour to make a Revolt in the Ship, he shall be adjudged a Pyrate._
“_All Persons who after the 29th of_ September, 1720, _shall set forth any Pyrate (or be aiding and assisting to any such Pyrate) committing Pyracy on Land or Sea, or shall conceal such Pyrates, or receive any Vessel or Goods pyratically taken, shall be adjudged accessary to such Pyracy, and suffer as Principals._
“_All Persons who have committed, or shall commit any Offences, for which they ought to be adjudged Pyrates, may be tried for every such Offence, in such Manner as by the Act 28_ Henry VIII, _chapter 15, is directed for the Tryal of Pyrates; and shall not have the Benefit of the Clergy._”[180]
The enforcement of the English statute relating to piracy was variously interpreted in the colonial courts and local enactments sometimes superseded it in actual practice. Previous to 1700, the statute required that men accused of piracy should be sent to England to be tried before a High Court of Admiralty. Pound, Hawkins, Bradish, Kidd and other known pirates were accordingly sent in irons to London for trial. But the difficulties and delays, to say nothing of the expense, induced Parliament by an Act of 11 and 12 William III, to confer authority by which trials for piracy might be held by the Courts of Admiralty sitting in the colonies. On the other hand, the Massachusetts Court of Assistants, in 1675, found John Rhoades and others, guilty of piracy and sentenced them to be “hanged presently after the lecture.” This was in accordance with an order adopted by the Great and General Court on Oct. 15, 1673. When Robert Munday was tried at Newport, R. I., in 1703, it was by a jury in the ordinary criminal court, in open disregard of the King’s commission.
Governor Bellomont in a letter to the Council of Trade, described the situation in Massachusetts in 1699, as follows:--
“A pirate cannot suffer death in this province, and what to do with Bradish’s crew and Kidd and his men, I know not, and therefore desire your orders. The reason why their Act, that was approved in England, will not reach the life of a pirate is this: Piracy by the Law of England is felony without benefit of clergy and punishment with death. Here there’s no such thing in practice as the benefit of clergy; neither is felony punishable with death, but by their law the felon is only to make a three-fold restitution of the value of the offence or trespass.”[181]
The Courts of Admiralty held in the colonies were composed of certain officials designated in the Royal commission, including the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, the Judge of the Vice-Admiralty for the Province, the Chief Justice, the Secretary, Members of the Council and the Collector of Customs. Counsel was assigned to the accused to advise and to address the Court “upon any matter of law,” but the practice at that time was different from the present. Accused persons in criminal cases were obliged to conduct their own defence and their counsel were not permitted to cross-examine witnesses, the legal theory at the time being that the facts in the case would appear without the necessity for counsel; that the judge could be trusted to see this properly done; and the jury would give the prisoner the benefit of any reasonable doubt.
Trials occupied but a short time and executions generally took place within a few days after the sentence of the Court was pronounced. During the interval the local clergy labored with the condemned to induce repentance and all the terrors of Hell were pictured early and late. Usually, the prisoners were made the principal figures in a Sunday spectacle and taken through the streets to the meeting-house of some prominent minister, there to be gazed at by a congregation that crowded the building, while the reverend divine preached a sermon suited to the occasion. This discourse was invariably printed and avidly read by the townsfolk, so that few copies have survived the wear and tear of the years. From these worn pamphlets may be learned something of the lives and future of the prisoners as reflected by the mental attitude of the attending ministers.
The day of execution having arrived, the condemned prisoners were marched in procession through the crowded streets safely guarded by musketeers and constables. The procession included prominent officials and ministers and was preceded by the Marshal of the Admiralty Court carrying “the Silver Oar,” his emblem of authority. This was usually about three feet long and during the trial was also carried by him in the procession of judges to the court room where it was placed on the table before the Court during the proceedings.[182]
Time-honored custom and the Act of Parliament, as well, required that the gallows should be erected “in such place upon the sea, or within the ebbing or flowing thereof, as the President of the Court ... shall appoint,”[183] and this necessitated the construction of a scaffold or platform suspended from the framework of the gallows by means of ropes and blocks. When an execution took place on land, that is to say, on solid ground easily approached, it was the custom at that time to carry the condemned in a cart under the cross-arm of the gallows and after the hangman’s rope had been adjusted around the neck and the signal had been given, the cart would be driven away and the condemned person left dangling in the air. In theory, the proper adjustment of the knot in the rope and the short fall from the body of the cart when it was driven away, would be sufficient to break the bones of the neck and also cause strangulation; but in practice this did not always occur.
In the winter of 1646, a case of infanticide was discovered in Boston by a prying mid-wife and when the suspected mother was brought before a jury and caused to touch the cloth-covered face of the murdered infant, the covering was instantly stained with fresh blood. Then the young woman confessed. This was the medieval “ordeal of touch” which was practiced in Massachusetts as late as 1768. The young mother was condemned to death and Governor Winthrop relates in his “Journal,” that “after she was turned off and had hung a space, she spake, and asked what they did mean to do. Then one stepped up and turned the knot of the rope backward and then she soon died.”
When pirates were executed on a gallows placed between “the ebb and flow of the tide,” the scaffold on which they stood was allowed to fall by releasing the ropes holding it suspended in mid-air. This was always the climax of the spectacle for which thousands of spectators had gathered from far and near. Six pirates were hanged in Boston in 1704 and “when the scaffold was let sink, there was such a Screech of the women” present that the sound was heard over half a mile away. So writes Samuel Sewall, one of the judges who had condemned the pirates to execution.
Not infrequently the judges of a Court of Admiralty had brought before them for trial, a pirate whose career had been more infamous than the rest. A cruel and bloody-minded fellow fit only for a halter,--and then the sentence to be hanged by the neck until dead would be followed by another judgment,--dooming the lifeless body of the pirate to be hanged in chains from a gibbet placed on some island or jutting point near a ship channel, there to hang “a sun drying” as a warning to other sailormen of evil intent. In Boston harbor there were formerly two islands--Bird island and Nix’s Mate--on which pirates were gibbetted. Bird island long since disappeared and ships now anchor where the gibbet formerly stood. Nix’s Mate was of such size that early in the eighteenth century the selectmen of Boston advertised its rental for the pasturage of cattle. Today, every foot of its soil has washed away and the point of a granite monument alone marks the site of the island where formerly a pirate hung in chains beside the swiftly flowing tides.
[Illustration: NIX’S MATE, BOSTON HARBOR, IN 1775, WHERE CAPTAIN FLY WAS GIBBETED IN 1726
From an engraving in the “Atlantic Neptune,” Part III, London, 1781, in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society]
[Illustration: MONUMENT ON THE SHOAL, FORMERLY NIX’S MATE, IN 1637 AN ISLAND OF MORE THAN TEN ACRES
From a photograph made about 1900]
FOOTNOTES
[177] This was the man who enticed Anne Bonny to go to sea with him and become a female pirate.
[178] _Advertisement._ John Smith of Boston in New England late Mate of the Briganteen Rebecca of Charlestown burthen’d about Ninety Tuns whereof James Flucker was late Commander and Charles Meston of Boston aforesaid Mariner, late belonging to the said Briganteen, severally Declare and say, That the said Briganteen in her Voyage from St. Christophers to Boston, on the Twenty-eighth of May last past, being in the Latitude of Thirty Eight Degrees and odd Minutes North, the said Briganteen was taken by a Pirate Sloop, Commanded by one Lowther, having near one Hundred Men, and Eight Guns mounted. The Day after the said Briganteen was taken, the said Pirate parted their Company. Forty of them went on Board the said Brigantine Commanded by Edward Loe of Boston aforesaid, Mariner; and the rest of the said Pirates went on board the Sloop, Commanded by the said Lowther. And Declarants further say, That Joseph Sweetser of Charlestown aforesaid, and Richard Rich and Robert Willis of London, Mariners, all belonging to the said Brigantine, were forced and compelled against their Wills to go with the said Pirates, viz. Joseph Sweetser and Richard Rich on board the Brigantine, & Robert Willis on Board the Sloop. The said Willis having broke his Arm by a Fall from the Mast, desired that considering his Condition they would let him go; but they utterly refused and forced him away with them.
_Signum_ JOHN SMITH CHARLES MESTON
_Suffolk ss._ Boston, June 12, 1722.
The abovenamed John Smith and Charles Meston personally appearing, made Oath to the Truth of the aforewritten Declaration.
_Coram me_ J. WILLARD, Secr. & J. Pac. --_New England Courant_, June 18, 1722.
[179] Johnson, _History of the Pirates_, London, 1726.
[180] By the old English law the clergy were exempted from trial before a secular judge. This privilege was afterwards extended, for many offences, to all laymen who could read. The legal recognition of the “Benefit of the Clergy” was not wholly repealed until 1827.
[181] _Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies_, 1699, p. 746.
[182] The origin of this emblem is not known but it dates back at least to the fourteenth century. The existing silver oar of the High Court of Admiralty in England is believed to be of Tudor date, and that of the Cinque Ports, now preserved at Dover Castle, England, is of an earlier period. The silver oar had inscribed on its blade, the Royal Arms, an anchor, or some similar device. Miniature silver oars were also in use as badges of authority when effecting arrests under the order of an Admiralty Court. See an article on “The Jurisdiction of the Silver Oar of the Admiralty,” in the _Nautical Magazine_, Vol. XLVI (1877).--W. G. PERRIN, _The Library, Admiralty, London_. Admiralty Courts in America continue to use the oar as an emblem of authority. The oar preserved in the Federal Building, Boston, is made of wood.
[183] This was because the Admiralty Courts, in theory and practice, had authority over acts committed on the sea and that control ceased at high-water mark.
APPENDIX
I
CAPTAIN PLOUGHMAN’S PRIVATEERING COMMISSION
=Joseph Dudley=, _Esq; Captain General and Governour in Chief, in and over Her Majesties Provinces of the_ Massachusetts Bay, _and_ New-Hampshire _in_ New-England _in_ America, _and Vice-Admiral of the same. To Capt._ Daniel Plowman, _Commander of the Briganteen_ Charles _of_ Boston, _Greeting_.
Whereas Her Sacred Majesty _ANNE_ by the Grace of GOD, of _England_, _Scotland_, _France_ and _Ireland_, QUEEN, Defender of the Faith, _&c._ Hath an Open and Declared War against _France_ and _Spain_, their Vassals and Subjects. AND FORASMUCH as you have made Application unto Me for Licence to Arm, Furnish and Equip the said Briganteen in Warlike manner, against Her Majesties said Enemies, I do accordingly Permit and Allow the same; And, Reposing special Trust and Confidence in your Loyalty, Courage and good Conduct, Do by these Presents, by Virtue of the Powers and Authorities contained in Her Majesties Royal Commission to Me granted, Impower and Commissionate you the said _Daniel Plowman_, to be Captain or Commander of the said Briganteen _Charles_, Burthen Eighty Tuns or thereabouts: Hereby Authorizing you in and with the said Briganteen and Company to her belonging, to War, Fight, Take, Kill, Suppress and Destroy, any Pirates, Privateers, or other the Subjects and Vassals of _France_, or _Spain_, the Declared Enemies of the Crown of _England_, in what Place soever you shall happen to meet them; Their Ships, Vessels and Goods, to take and make Prize of. And your said Briganteens Company are Commanded to Obey you as their Captain: And your self in the Execution of this Commission, to Observe and Follow the Orders and Instructions herewith given you. And I do hereby Request all Governors and Commanders in Chief, of any of Her Majesties Territories, Islands, Provinces or Plantations, where the said Captain or Commander shall arrive with his said Vessel and Men: And all Admirals, Vice-Admirals and Commanders of Her Majesties Ships of War, and others, that may happen to meet him at Sea; Also all Officers and Subjects of the Friends or Allies of Her said Sacred Majesty, to permit him the said Captain or Commander with his said Vessel, Men, and the Prizes that he may have taken, freely and quietly to pass and repass, without giving or suffering him to receive any Trouble or Hindrance, but on the contrary all Succour and Assistance needful. And this Commission is to continue in Force for the Space of Six Months next ensuing (if the War so long last) and not afterwards. _Given under my Hand and Seal at Arms at_ Boston _the Thirteenth Day of_ July: _In the Second Year of Her said Majesties Reign_, Annoque Domini, 1703.
_By His Excellencies Command_, =Isaac Addington=, Secr.
II
CAPTAIN PLOUGHMAN’S INSTRUCTIONS
_Province of the_ Massachusetts Bay _in_ New-England.
_By His Excellency_ =Joseph Dudley=, Esq; _Captain-General and Governour in Chief_, &c.
_Instructions to be Observed by Capt._ Daniel Plowman, _Commander of the Briganteen_ Charles _of_ Boston, _In Pursuance of the Commission herewith given him._
_First_, You are to keep such good Orders among your said Briganteen’s Company, that Swearing Drunkenness and Prophaneness be avoided, or duly Punished; And that GOD be duly worshipped.
_2dly_, You are upon all Occasions to Endeavour the maintaining of Her Majesties Honour, and to give Protection to Her Subjects, by endeavouring to secure them in their Trade, and in no wise to hurt or injure any of Her Majesties Subjects, Friends or Allies.
_3dly._ You are to take, seize, sink, or destroy any of the Ships, Vessels or Goods belonging to _France_ or _Spain_, their Vassals or Subjects, the Declared Enemies of the Crown of _England_. And all such Ships and Vessels with their Lading, Goods, and Merchandizes, which you shall happen to seize or take, you are to carry or send into some Port or Ports within Her Majesties Kingdom or Dominions, to be proceeded against and adjudged: And if near this Coast, then to bring or send them to _Boston_, your Commission Port.
_4thly._ You are to take effectual Care, That no Money, Goods, Merchandizes, or what else shall be taken by you in any Ship, Vessel, or otherwise, be Imbezelled, Purloyned, Concealed, or Conveyed away. And that Bulk be not broken until the same be first adjudged to be Lawful Prize: And Order given for the landing and securing thereof, as by Law is directed. And likewise you are carefully to preserve all Books, Papers, Letters and Writings which shall be found in any Ship or Vessel to be by you taken, to the intent a more clear Evidence and Discovery may be made to what Persons such Ship or Vessel and her Lading did belong.
_5thly._ You are to take care, That no Person or Persons taken or surprized by you in any Ship or Vessel as aforesaid, though known to be of the Enemies side, be in cold Blood killed, maimed, or by Torture or Cruelty inhumanly treated contrary to the Common Usage or Just Permission of War.
_6thly._ You are to keep a fair Journal of all your Proceedings, That so you may be the better enabled to give a Copy thereof when you shall be thereunto duly required.
_7thly._ You may not at any time wear on Board your said Briganteen, by Virtue of the said Commission, any other Jack than that Ordered by Her Majesties Royal Proclamation, of the Eighteenth of _December_ 1702, to be worn by such Ships as have Commission of Mart or Reprizal; and upon meeting with any of Her Majesties Ships of War, you are to pay all Customary Respect unto them, according to the Laws and Orders of the Sea.
_8thly._ You may not enter or retain on Board your said Briganteen any Mens Sons under Age, or Servants, contrary to the Law of this Province: And before you depart with your said Briganteen from the same, you are to deliver into the Secretaries Office a List by you signed, of the Names of the Company belonging to your said Briganteen with the Place of their Respective Dwellings, or Aboad, as near as you can learn; and such of them as are Inhabitants, or belonging to this Province, you are to bring back with you to the same, or use your best Endeavours so to do, not willingly leaving any of them behind in other Parts.
_9thly._ You are to take care, That the Prisoners which you shall take in any Prize Ship or Vessel, or so many of them as you may be able to keep under Command (especially the Officers or more Principal of them) be brought or sent into your Commission Port, or where else within Her Majesties Dominions you send your Prizes: To the intent there may be the more full Evidences for Condemning the same, and also an advantage for the Exchange of Prisoners.
_Lastly._ You are carefully to observe and keep all the foregoing Articles and Instructions, and not to make any breach thereof, or of Her Majesties Laws, respecting Letters of Reprisal, and Prize Ships and Goods; and to see that the full and just Parts and Shares of all such Vessels and Goods as shall be taken and seized by you, by Law accruing unto Her Majesty, and the Lord High Admiral, be duly and truly answered and paid.
_Given under my Hand at_ Boston, _the Thirteenth Day of_ July, _in the Second Year of Her Majesties Reign_, Annoque Domini, 1603.
_Copy of the Instructions given unto me_ J. DUDLEY. Daniel Plowman.
_Register._
III
THE DYING SPEECHES OF CAPTAIN QUELCH AND HIS COMPANIONS
An Account of the Behaviour and last Dying
SPEECHES
Of the Six Pirates, that were Executed on _Charles River, Boston_ side, on Fryday _June_ 30th. 1704. _Viz._
_Capt._ John Quelch, John Lambert, Christopher Scudamore, John Miller, Erasmus Peterson _and_ Peter Roach.
The Ministers of the Town, had used more than ordinary Endeavours, to Instruct the Prisoners, and bring them to Repentance. There were Sermons Preached in their hearing, Every Day: And Prayers daily made with them. And they were Catechised; and they had many occasional Exhortations. And nothing was left, that could be done for their Good.
On Fryday the _30th. of June_ 1704. Pursuant to Orders in the Dead Warrant, the aforesaid Pirates were guarded from the Prison in _Boston_, by Forty Musketeers, Constables of the Town, the Provost Marshal and his Officers, _&c._ with Two Ministers, who took great pains to prepare them for the last Article of their Lives. Being allowed to walk on Foot through the Town, to Scarlets Wharff; where the Silver Oar being carried before them; they went by Water to the Place of Execution, being Crowded and thronged on all sides with Multitudes of Spectators. The Ministers then Spoke to the Malefactors, to this Effect.
“We have told you often, ye we have told you Weeping, That you have by Sin undone your selves; That you were born Sinners, That you have lived Sinners, That your Sins have been many and mighty; and that the Sins for which you are now to Dy, are of no common aggravation. We have told you, That there is a Saviour for Sinners, and we have shewn you, how to commit your selves into His Saving and Healing Hands. We have told you, That if He Save you, He will give you an hearty Repentance for all your Sins, and we have shown you how to Express that Repentance. We have told you, What Marks of Life, must be desired for your Souls, that you may Safely appear before the Judgment Seat of God. Oh! That the means used for your Good, may by the Grace of God be made Effectual. We can do no more, but leave you in His Merciful Hands!
“When they were gone up upon the Stage, and Silence was Commanded, One of the Ministers Prayed.”...
_They then severally Spoke_, Viz.
I. Capt. _John Quelch_. The last Words he spake to One of the Ministers at his going up the Stage, were, _I am not afraid of Death, I am not afraid of the Gallows, but I am afraid of what follows; I am afraid of a Great God, and a Judgment to Come_. But he afterwards seem’d to brave it out too much against that fear: also when on the Stage first he pulled off his Hat, and bowed to the Spectators, and not Concerned, nor behaving himself so much like a Dying man as some would have done. The Ministers had in the Way to his Execution, much desired him to Glorify God at his Death, by bearing a due Testimony against the Sins that had ruined him, and for the ways of Religion which he had much neglected: yet now being called upon to speak what he had to say, it was but thus much; _Gentlemen, ’Tis but little I have to speak: What I have to say is this, I desire to be informed for what I am here, I am Condemned only upon Circumstances. I forgive all the World: So the Lord be Merciful to my Soul._ When _Lambert_ was Warning the Spectators to beware of _Bad-Company_, _Quelch_ joyning, _They should also take care how they brought Money into New-England, to be Hanged for it!_
II. _John Lambert._ He appeared much hardened, and pleaded much on his Innocency: He desired all men to beware of Bad Company; he seem’d in a great Agony near his Execution: he called much and frequently on Christ, for Pardon of Sin, that God Almighty would Save his innocent Soul: he desired to forgive all the World: his last words were, _Lord, forgive my Soul! Oh, receive me into Eternity! blessed Name of Christ receive my Soul._----
III. _Christopher Scudamore._ He appeared very Penitent since his Condemnation, was very diligent to improve his time going to, and at the place of Execution.
IV. _John Miller._ He seem’d much concerned, and complained of a great Burden of Sins to answer for; Expressing often, _Lord! What shall I do to be Saved!_
V. _Erasmus Peterson._ He cryed of injustice done him; and said, it is very hard for so many mens Lives to be taken away for a little Gold. He often said, _his Peace was made with God; and his Soul would be with God_: yet extream hard to forgive those he said wronged him: He told the Executioner, _he was a strong man, and Prayed to be put out of misery as soon as possible_.
VI. _Peter Roach._ He seem’d little concerned, and said but little or nothing at all.
_Francis King_ was also Brought to the place of Execution, but Repriev’d.
* * * * *
_Printed for and Sold by_ Nicholas Boone, _at his Shop near the Old Meeting-House in_ Boston, 1704.
IV
JOHN FILLMORE’S NARRATIVE
In 1802, there was published at Suffield, Conn., a pamphlet of twelve pages with the following title, viz:--
“_Narrative of the Singular Sufferings of John Fillmore and others on board the noted Pirate Vessel Commanded by Captain Phillips_”....
This pamphlet was reprinted at Johnstown in 1809 and at Aurora, N. Y. in 1837, and again, in the “Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society,” Volume X. It was written when John Fillmore was an old man and the testimony given at the trial of the pirates shows it to be inaccurate in some particulars. It preserves, however, biographical details which are probably correct.
Fillmore relates that his father was a sailor who was taken into Martinico by a French frigate where he was imprisoned and suffered many hardships so that when sent home in a French cartel he died on the voyage. Young Fillmore was apprenticed to a carpenter and across the road from where he lived was a tailor who had an apprentice named William White who afterwards went to sea. When young Fillmore met him again it was on board Phillips’ pirate vessel off the Newfoundland coast.
When seventeen years old Fillmore went to sea in the sloop “Dolphin,” Captain Haskell, and was taken by Phillips soon after reaching the fishing grounds. “Having heard of the cruelties committed by Phillips,” he refused to go on board his vessel until White came back with an order to bring him on board “dead or alive.” He states that while with Phillips he was assigned the helm for much of the time, and on one occasion when a fine merchant ship was sighted, Captain Phillips “walked the deck with his glass in his hand” and damned young Fillmore for not steering as well as he thought he should and at last struck him over the head with his broadsword, cutting his hat. The merchant was light and a better sailer and so got away.
When Fern, the carpenter, attempted to get away the second time, Phillips ran his sword through his body and then blew out his brains with a pistol. Phillips also killed a young friend of Fillmore’s in the same manner.
Fillmore represents that he played a very active part in the overthrow of the pirates, which he initiated the evening before by burning the soles of the feet of White and Archer, as they lay dead drunk below deck, so that they were unable to come on deck the next day. At the time of the attack the master was preparing to take an observation and “the quartermaster was in the cabin drawing out some leaden slugs for a musket.” Fillmore relates that he split open the head of the boatswain with a broadax, hit the captain on the head and stunned him and when the quartermaster, hearing the noise, came running out of the cabin with a hammer in his hand he “gave him a blow on the back of his head cutting his wig and neck almost off so that his head hung down before him.” As Archer was the quartermaster of the vessel and was supposed to be suffering with burned feet and unable to come on deck, Fillmore at this point seems to add embroidery to his narrative. He also states that three of the pirates were sent to England for trial and hanged there.
James Cheeseman returned to England where he was rewarded by the Government, says Fillmore, and enjoyed until his death the office of quartermaster in the dockyard at Portsmouth.
V
AN “ACT OF GRACE”
From time to time proclamations were published granting a gracious pardon to those guilty of acts of piracy who would surrender themselves to the authorities on or before a certain date. These offers of pardon were known as “Acts of Grace.” The proclamation made in 1717, which brought about the great surrender of pirates in the Bahamas, is here reprinted.
By the King A PROCLAMATION for Suppressing of PYRATES
“Whereas we have received information, that several Persons, Subjects of Great Britain, have, since the 24th Day of June, in the Year of our Lord, 1715, committed divers Pyracies and Robberies upon the High-Seas, in the West-Indies, or adjoyning to our Plantations, which hath and may Occasion great Damage to the Merchants of Great Britain, and others trading into those Parts; and tho’ we have appointed such a Force as we judge sufficient for suppressing the said Pyrates, yet the more effectually to put an End to the same, we have thought fit, by and with the Advice of our Privy Council, to Issue this our Royal Proclamation; and we do hereby promise, and declare, that in Case any of the said Pyrates, shall on, or before, the 5th of September, in the Year of our Lord 1718, surrender him or themselves, to one of our Principal Secretaries of State in Great Britain or Ireland, or to any Governor or Deputy Governor of any of our Plantations beyond the Seas; every such Pyrate and Pyrates so surrendering him, or themselves, as aforesaid, shall have our gracious Pardon, of, and for such, his or their Pyracy, or Piracies, by him or them committed, before the fifth of January next ensuing. And we do hereby strictly charge and command all our Admirals, Captains, and other Officers at Sea, and all our Governors and Commanders of any Forts, Castles, or other Places in our Plantations, and all other our Officers Civil and Military, to seize and take such of the Pyrates, who shall refuse or neglect to surrender themselves accordingly. And we do hereby further declare, that in Case any Person or Persons, on, or after, the 6th Day of September, 1718, shall discover or seize, or cause or procure to be discovered or seized, any one or more of the said Pyrates, so refusing or neglecting to surrender themselves as aforesaid, so as they may be brought to Justice, and convicted of the said Offence, such Person or Persons, so making such Discovery or Seizure, or causing or procuring such Discovery or Seizure to be made, shall have and receive as a Reward for the same, viz. for every Commander of any private Ship or Vessel, the Sum of 100 l. for every Lieutenant, Master, Boatswain, Carpenter, and Gunner, the Sum of 40 l. for every inferior Officer, the Sum of 30 l. and for every private Man, the Sum of 20 l. And if any Person or Persons, belonging to, and being Part of the Crew, of any Pyrate Ship and Vessel, shall, on or after the said sixth Day of September, 1718, seize and deliver, or cause to be seized or delivered, any Commander or Commanders, of such Pyrat Ship or Vessel, so as that he or they be brought to Justice, and convicted of the said Offence, such Person or Persons, as a Reward for the same, shall receive for every such Commander, the Sum of 200 l. which said Sums, the Lord Treasurer, or the Commissioners of our Treasury for the time being, are hereby required, and desired to pay accordingly.
“Given at our Court, at Hampton-Court, the fifth Day of September, 1717, in the fourth Year of our Reign.
GEORGE R.
“God save the KING.”
[Illustration: BOSTON HARBOR FROM THE SURVEY IN THE “ENGLISH PILOT,” Part IV. London, 1707
From an original in the Harvard College Library.]
[Illustration: MAP OF CAPE COD IN 1717, SHOWING THE LOCATION OF THE PIRATE WRECK
From a chart surveyed and published by Capt. Cyprian Southack of Boston, now in possession of John W. Farwell.]
INDEX
Acadie, 45.
Acapulco, 15.
Ackin, John, 303.
Act of Grace, 344, 361, 381.
Addington, Isaac, 67, 107.
Aernouts, Jurriaen, 44, 45.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of, 10.
Allen, Rev. John, 68.
Alsop, ----, 61.
Andreson, Cornelius, 45-51.
Andros, Gov. Edmund, 54, 69.
Angola, 87.
Annisquam, 310, 313.
Anstis, Captain, 314, 318.
Apthorp, Edward, 335.
Archer, John Rose, 312, 316, 323-325, 380.
Arnold, Sion, 38.
Ashton, Benjamin, 229. Philip, 142, 150, 204, 218-270, 281. Sarah (Hendly), 221.
Atkins, John, xxii.
Atkinson, William, 331-335.
Atwell, Christopher, 144, 289.
Austin, James, 102, 103.
Avery, “Long Ben,” xviii, 76, 92, 97. John, 346-348, 350.
Ayres, Captain, 144.
Azores, 152, 155, 233, 271, 340.
Babson, James, 322.
Bahama Islands, 344.
Baker, Thomas, 123, 130, 131.
Baptis, John, 317, 322, 324.
Barbary Coast, 3, 5, 23.
Barlow, Jonathan, 217, 285, 286.
Barnard, Rev. John, 221, 222.
Barnes, Henry, 294, 298, 300.
Barney, Jonathan, 217, 284.
Barrows, George, 317.
Bartlett, Sarah, 221.
Bass, Rev. ----, 308.
Basse, Governor, 38. Jeremiah, 96.
Beal, Obadiah, 322.
Beer, Captain, 121, 122.
Belcher, Andrew, 9.
Bell, John, 236.
Bellamy, Samuel, 116-131.
Bellomont, Governor, 17, 34, 42, 73-80, 365.
Benbrook, James, 333-335.
Bennett, William, 58, 71.
Bermuda, 84.
Bernard, Thomas, 114.
Bevins, Benjamin, 79.
Bishop, ----, 5.
Blades, William, 294, 300, 301.
Blair, James, 335.
Blake, Benjamin, 70.
Blaney, ----, 61.
Blaze, John, 241.
Block Island, 24, 41, 209.
Bluefield, ----, 17.
Bonnet, Stede, 360.
Bonny, Anne, 354.
Bootman, John, 323.
Borneo, 40.
Boston, 19, 24, 25, 28, 34, 39, 41, 45, 54, 73, 96, 103, 130, 141, 322, 335, 368.
Bouche, Oliver la, 345.
Bovewe, John, 282.
Bradish, Joseph, 34, 40-43, 350.
Bradstreet, Governor, 18, 31, 66.
Brazil, 100.
Breck, John, 102.
Bredcake, Thomas, 23.
Brenton, ----, 39. Jahlael, 107.
Brethren of the Coast, 13.
Bridgman, ----, 346.
Bright, John, 295, 306.
Brinkley, James, 294.
Brisco, Lieutenant, 105.
Broadhaven, Ireland, 3.
Brown, Captain, 104. John, 123, 130, 131, 294, 300-302, 306. John, Jr., 148. Nicholas, 345.
Browne, Edward, 60, 66, 71. John, 335.
Buccaneers, 10-15.
Buck, Eleazer, 66, 67-70.
Bull, Dixey, 20-22.
Bumstead, Jeremiah, 313, 326.
Burgess, ----, 76. T., 345. William, 345, 349.
Burk, ----, 39.
Burlington, Captain, 205.
Burrage, ----, 279, 280.
Burrill, ----, 313.
Byfield, Nathaniel, 103, 105, 107.
Cahoon, James, 147.
Calder, Thomas, 210.
Calley, Edward, 31.
Campbell, Duncan, 78.
Campeachy, 13, 14.
Candor, Ralph, 140.
Cape Ann, 104.
Cape Cod, 33.
Cape Verde Islands, 154, 234, 340.
Carr, John, 38.
Carracioli, ----, 349.
Carter, Captain, 152. Denis, 102. John, 102.
Cary, Captain, 114, 361.
Casco Bay, Me., 31.
Casey, Captain, 287.
Cass, John, 283.
Castine, Me., 44-46.
Caymans Islands, 143.
Chadwell, Benjamin, 321.
Chambly, ---- de, 45.
Chandler, Captain, 152.
Chard, Allen, 56.
Cheeseman, Edward, 311-313, 321-323, 380.
Cheever, ----, 105.
Chevalle, Daniel, 102.
Child, Thomas, 295, 306.
Chuley, Daniel, 102.
Church, Charles, 295, 302.
Churchill, John, 140.
Clap, Rev. ----, 308. Roger, 22.
Clark, Jeremiah, 204. William, 210.
Clarke, Jeremiah, 284, 300. William, 99, 101.
Clayton, ----, 349.
Clifford, John, 102, 103, 108, 109.
Coates, Edward, 94.
Cocklyn, Thomas, 345.
Coddington, Capt., 37, 38.
Codin, James, 138.
Codman, John, 113.
Cole, John, 124, 335. Joseph, 282. Samuel, 329, 334, 335. Thomas, 47.
Collins, Daniel, 130. Thomas, 351.
Collyer, John, 219, 220.
Colman, John, 99, 101.
Combs, Captain, 322.
Condick, George, 336.
Congdon, ----, 349.
Coombs, John, 323.
Cooper, Joseph, 279.
Cooper, Thomas, 32.
Coote, Richard, _see_ Bellomont.
Coward, William, 33.
Cox, Captain, 152.
Craig, Captain, 202, 204.
Cranston, Governor, 37, 295.
Cromwell, Thomas, 23.
Cross, William, 216.
Crumpstey, Andrew, 122, 125, 126.
Cues, Peter, 301.
Cundon, Morice, 328, 330, 335.
Cunningham, Patrick, 295, 305.
Cuthbert, William, 36.
Curacao, 44, 63.
Curre, John, 272.
Danforth, Thomas, 66.
Daniels, James, 58, 71.
Danson, John, 29-31.
Darby, John, 57, 71.
Dauling, Robert, 335.
Davies, Capt., 36.
Davis, ----, 14. Gabriel, 102. Howel, 132, 360. Silvanus, 57, 58. Thomas, 117, 118, 125, 127, 130.
Daw, John, 335.
De Haws, Captain, 279.
Delbridge, Andrew, 202.
Deloe, Jonathan, 137.
Dew, Capt., 31.
Dickenson, John, 84.
Dicks, Anthony, 21.
Dipper, Henry, 71.
Doane, Joseph, 124, 127.
Doggett, Samuel, 129.
Dole, Francis, 34.
Dolliber, Joseph, 150, 229.
Dorothy, John, 102, 103.
Douglass, James, 132. William, 31.
Dove, Captain, 221, 268.
Doyly, Colonel, 314.
Drew, George, 85.
Drury, Robert, 351.
Dudley, Gov. Joseph, 18, 39, 103, 107, 115, 371, 373. Paul, 102, 103, 105, 114.
Dummer, ----, 37. Jeremiah, 114. William, 130, 295, 300, 322, 335.
Dunavan, James, 122.
Dunbar, Captain, 60. Nicholas, 102.
Dunn, William, 67, 71.
Dunston, Thomas, 31.
Dunwell, ----, 304.
Durffie, Richard, 284.
Durell, Captain, 211, 281.
Dyer, ----, 114.
Easton, Peter, 2, 5.
Eastwick, Captain, 205, 207.
Eaton, Edward, 294, 301.
Edgecomb, Capt., 34, 36.
Edwards, Benjamin, 144, 288, 289, 301.
Eldridge, Webster, 126.
Eleuthera, W. I., 29.
Ellery, Dependence, 322.
Ellicot, Captain, 206.
Elwell, Joshua, 322. Samuel, 322.
Emmot, Joseph, 73, 76-79.
England, Edward, 345, 349.
English, Philip, 56.
Erickson, Erick, 322.
Esquemeling, John, 12.
Ester, Captain, 301.
Estwick, Captain, 291, 298.
Fabens, James, 226. Lawrence, 150, 219, 226, 234.
Faro, Captain, 346.
Falmouth, Me., 57.
Farrington, Thomas, 102.
Feake, John, 46, 48, 49.
Feny, John, 94.
Ferguson, William, 335.
Fern, Thomas, 315, 316, 318, 319-321, 380.
Fife, James, 345.
Filmore, John, 311-313, 317, 321-324, 379.
Fillmore, Millard, 311.
Fisher, Dr. Archibald, 298, 303, 309.
Fitz-Gerald, John, 294, 298, 307.
Fitzgerald, Thomas, 122-124.
Fitzherbert, John, 330.
Flags, _see_ Pirate flags.
Fletcher, Gov. Benjamin, 17,84,92-95. John, 295, 306.
Flucker, James, 145, 148, 150, 219, 359.
Fly, William, 328-337.
Folger, Abissai, 305.
Forcing men, 359.
Ford, John, 260.
Forrest, William, 25.
Foster, John, 68. William, 23.
Franklin, Benjamin, 294.
Fraser, William, 205, 206.
Frontenac, Governor, 18.
Freeborn, Matthew, 140.
Freeman, Edward, 322.
Fulker, John, 331, 332.
Fulmore, Simon, 280.
Furber, Captain, 317.
Gale, John, 331.
Gallison, Jane, 221.
Gallop, Benjamin, 63, 99.
Gardiner, ----, 38. John, 79.
Gardiner’s Island, N. Y., 30, 37, 41, 79.
George, John, 68, 69.
Gibbetting, 83, 113, 326, 327, 336, 340, 369.
Giddings, John, 60, 66, 71.
Giddins, Paul, 102.
Gifford, Jane, 270. Robert, 218-220, 270.
Gilbert, Mrs. Mary, 327. Richard, 84.
Giles, Harry, 312, 320, 323.
Gillam, James, 34-38.
Girdler, George, 333.
Glen, Thomas, 285.
Gloucester, Mass., 18, 105.
Glover, ----, 93, 96.
Goffe, Christopher, 30-32.
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, 20.
Gough, Captain, 96, 350.
Gould, ----, 272.
Goulden, Penelope, 92.
Goulding, Captain, 154.
Gourdon, Zana, 236.
Graham, ----, 28.
Grande, Thomas, 264.
Granger, Roger, 140.
Grant, Peter, 50.
Graves, Captain, 214.
Green, John, 328, 329.
Greenman, Captain, 207.
Greenville, Henry, 334, 336.
Grenada, W. I., 201.
Griffin, Richard, 55, 66, 67, 70. Thomas, 31.
Gross, Dixey, 279, 280.
Gulleck, Thomas, 40.
Gullock, Capt., 38.
Gwatkins, Captain, 136.
Hains, Richard, 215.
Hall, Nathaniel, 149. Thomas, 84.
Hallam, Nicholas, 28.
Halsey, Dinah, 39. James, 39. John, 39, 40.
Hamilton, Captain, 144.
Haraden, Andrew, 310-323.
Harding, Samuel, 127, 128. Thomas, 9.
Hargrave, ----, 136.
Harvey, ----, 27.
Harris, Charles, 5, 135, 144, 145, 153, 154, 206, 208, 212, 226, 282, 288-309. Samuel, 333.
Harwood, John, 102.
Haskell, Captain, 322, 379.
Hawkins, Abigail, 68. Hannah, 68. Thomas, 23, 33, 55-70, 279-281.
Hazell, Thomas, 295, 306.
Headland, John, 148.
Heath, Peleg, 33.
Heed, Captain, 138.
Henley, ----, 30.
Herrick, Captain, 105.
Hesh, George, 58.
Hester, ----, 306.
Higginson, Rev. John, 89, 350. Nathaniel, 89. Thomas, 350.
Hill, Henry, 329. John, 58, 71.
Hilliard, Edward, 46.
Hinchard, Dr. John, 295.
Hobby, Charles, 99, 110.
Holding, Anthony, 102, 109.
Holloway, Henry, 31.
Holman, John, 229.
Honan, Daniel, 94.
Honduras, Bay of, 142, 203, 288, 341-344.
Hood, Captain, 211. John, 137.
Hoof, Peter Cornelius, 130, 131.
Hope, John, 260, 264, 265.
Hopkins, Caleb, 128. John, 282.
Hore, ----, 17, 34, 38, 93.
Hornygold, Benjamin, 116, 345.
Hubbard, Captain, 9.
Huggit, Thomas, 294, 301.
Hull, Edward, 24. John, 23, 24.
Hunt, Captain, 216.
Hunter, Andrew, 137, 140. Henry, 137, 140.
Hussam, Captain, 320.
Hutchinson, ----, 9. Elisha, 68.
Hutnot, Joseph, 102.
Hyde, Daniel, 149, 294, 298.
Ireland, John, 74.
Isles of Shoals, 31, 106.
Ivemay, Charles, 312, 321, 323.
Jacob, ----, 270.
Jamaica Discipline, 356.
James, Charles, 102.
Jenkins, Thomas, 329.
Jennings, ----, 5. Henry, 343-345.
Johnson, Charles, v, xviii.
Johnson, Isaac, 102. Thomas, 33, 56-70.
Jones, Captain, 281. Thomas, 92, 96, 294, 301, 302, 304. William, 102, 106, 295, 301.
Judson, Randall, 47, 50.
Julian, John, 122, 125, 130.
Kelly, James, 35.
Kelsey, Captain, 285.
Kencate, Dr. John, 302, 304.
Kendale, Ralph, 137.
Kent, Ebenezer, 285. John, 59.
Kewes, Peter, 294.
Kidd, Robert, 83. Rev. John, 74. Mrs. Sarah, 79, 80. William, 35, 36, 42, 43, 73-83, 350.
King, Charles, 102.
King, Francis, 111, 113, 378. John, 102. Peter, 135.
Knight, Christopher, 33.
Knot, Captain, 35, 36, 39.
La Bouche, Oliver, 345, 360.
Lacey, Abraham, 294.
Lakin, Thomas, 66.
Lambert, ----, 122. John, 102, 103, 110-113, 376, 378.
Lancy, William, 321-323.
Lander, Daniel, 66, 67, 70.
Lansley, Captain, 322.
Larkin, David, 58. George, 88.
Larramore, Captain, 104-106, 114.
Lassen, Isaac (indian), 317, 323.
Laughton, Francis, 298.
Lawrence, Edward, 335. Richard, 102, 103.
Laws, Captain, 319.
Lawson, Edward, 294, 298. Nicholas, 102.
Layal, Captain, 301.
Layton, Francis, 295.
Lebous, Louis, 116, 117.
Legg, Colonel, 104, 105.
Leonard, Robert, 201, 203.
Leverett, Governor, 45.
Levercott, Samuel, 140.
Lewis, Nicholas, 140.
Libbie, Joseph, 150, 219, 226, 236, 295, 303-305.
Libertatia, Madagascar, 86, 89, 349.
Lilly, Captain, 155.
Lindsay, David, 144, 289.
Linisker, Thomas, 295.
Littleton, Captain, 273.
Livingston, Robert, 74, 75.
Logwood, 341.
L’Olonnais, ----, 14.
Long, Captain, 149.
Long Island, N. Y., 17.
Loper, Jacobus, 61.
Lopez, Jacob, 309.
Lord, John, 58, 71. William, 60.
Lovering, Captain, 206.
Low, Edward, 132, 134, 135, 138, 139, 141-242, 270, 277, 279, 286, 290, 293, 304, 322, 339, 359. Elizabeth, 142.
Lowther, George, 132-140, 143-146, 213-216, 277, 281, 289, 290, 339, 359.
Lyde, Edward, 204.
Lyne, Philip, 287.
Machias, Me., 47.
MacKarty, Captain, 286.
Mackconachy, Alexander, 122, 124.
Mackdonald, Edward, 140.
Madagascar, 19, 40, 42, 86, 87, 92, 95, 346-352.
Madbury, John, 204.
Main, Paul, 69.
Maine coast, 20.
Mainwaring, Henry, 2-4.
Maise, ----, 42.
Manning, George, 46, 48.
Marble, Eliza, 141.
Marblehead, 99, 101, 103, 150, 270.
Marooning, 13, 356.
Marsh, William, 298-300.
Marshall, Joseph, 335.
Martel, John, 345.
Mason, ----, 93.
Masters, John, 317, 323.
Mather, Rev. Cotton, 9, 25, 66, 112, 115, 125, 131, 328, 336, 337. Rev. Increase, 49.
Maverick, Samuel, 22.
May, George, 327.
Mayhew, Matthew, 63.
Maze, William, 74.
Meinzies, James, 108, 114.
Mercy, Captain, 301.
Merritt, Nicholas, 150, 155, 218, 219, 222, 224, 226, 229, 234, 270-276.
Meston, Charles, 359.
Miller, John, 102, 103, 110, 111, 376, 378.
Mills, William, 313.
Minott, William, 315, 324.
Mission, Captain, 86, 90, 91, 349.
Mitchell, Alexander, 329, 333. George, 129. Thomas, 50, 51.
Mixture, Sam, 69.
Montgomery, ----, 119.
Moore, Captain, 281, 317. Walter, 139, 140. William, 82, 83.
Morris, Thomas, 280.
Morgan, Henry, 14, 15.
Mortimer, Robert, 321.
Mosely, Samuel, 48, 50.
Mountjoy, George, 50, 51.
Mudd, John, 300, 303.
Mues, William, 346.
Mumford, Thomas (indian), 300, 302, 305.
Munday, Robert, 365.
Mundon, Stephen, 294.
Nantucket, 209.
Narramore, Richard, 29-31.
Nauset, Mass., 61.
Navigation Acts, 16.
Neff, William, 58, 71.
Nelley, James, 280.
Newfoundland, 2, 39, 150, 210, 315, 339, 361.
New London, Conn., 27.
Newport, R. I., 9, 17, 30, 87, 92, 94, 103, 148, 295-307, 346, 365.
New Providence, W. I., 344.
New York, N. Y., 349.
Nichols, William, 218, 219.
Norton, Benjamin, 204. George, 102.
Noxon, Thomas, 135.
Nutt, John, 311, 312, 315, 324.
Oort, John, 79.
Orford, Earl of, 74.
Orleans, Mass., 124, 128.
Orne, ----, 225.
Otley, Colonel, 139.
Outerbridge, William, 84, 88.
Owen, Richard, 202.
Paige, Nicholas, 29, 99.
Pain, Thomas, 36.
Panama, 14.
Papillion, Peter, 148.
Pare, ----, 234.
Parrot, James, 102, 103, 108.
Parsons, John, 317. Joseph, 327.
Patteshall, Richard, 28.
Pattison, James, 102.
Payne, ----, 145. Henry, 323.
Pearce, Richard, 51.
Pease, James, 155. Samuel, 63-66.
Peirse, George, 102.
Pemaquid, Me., 21, 22.
Penner, Major, 345.
Perkins, Benjamin, 102, 106.
Perrin, W. G., 367.
Perry, Matthew, 285.
Peterson, ----, 9. Erasmus, 102, 110, 111, 113, 376, 378.
Phillips, Frederick, 42, 89, 350. John, 310-324, 339, 379, 380. Thomas, xvii. William, 319, 320, 323.
Phips, Richard, 58, 66, 71.
Picket, John, 62.
Pier, ----, 270.
Pierson, Henry, 41.
Pike, Samuel, Jr., 279, 280.
Pimer, Matthew, 102, 103, 108, 109.
Piracy, executions for, 25, 33, 43, 67, 83, 112, 131, 140, 287, 307, 324, 337, 367, 376. Laws against, 25, 100, 362. Trials for, 25, 33, 43, 49, 66, 82, 107, 113, 130, 296, 322, 335, 365.
Pirate articles, 21, 122, 146, 314, 315, 320, 356. Pirate flags, 59, 64, 116, 164, 208, 278, 288, 292, 308, 324, 359.
Pirate vessel, life on a, 157-199, 353-358.
Pitman, Captain, 207. John, 102.
Plantain, ----, 349.
Ploughman, Daniel, 371-375.
Plowman, Daniel, 99, 101, 109.
Plymouth, Mass., 23, 209.
Port Mayo, 145.
Port Royal, Jamaica, 14, 15, 152.
Porto Bello, 11.
Portsmouth, N. H., 31.
Pound, Thomas, 33, 54-70.
Povey, Thomas, 102, 103, 107.
Powel, Thomas, 294.
Pownall, Thomas, 303-305.
Prentice, John, 27.
Prince, Isaac, 55. Job, 211. Lawrence, 118.
Privateering, 9, 18, 22, 23, 84. Commission, 371. Instructions, 373.
Pro, John, 351.
Puerto Velo, 14.
Quelch, John, 9, 18, 99-115. John, Dying speech of, 376, 377.
Quintor, Hendrick, 130.
Quittance, John, 102.
Rackham, John, 354.
Randolph, Edward, 19, 31.
Ray, Caleb, 41, 42.
Rayner, William, 102.
Rea, Captain, 138. Dr. Caleb, 113.
Read, Mary, xviii. William, 294.
Red Sea, 17, 30, 34, 85, 89, 96, 346.
Reed, Captain, 317.
Reeve, Thomas, 295.
Rhoades, John, 365.
Rhode, John, 44-53, 271.
Rhode Island, 17, 19, 36, 37, 42, 92.
Rice, Owen, 294.
Rich, Richard, 359. Robert, 146.
Richards, Captain, 117. John, 68.
Richardson, Nicholas, 102. William, 281.
Roach, Captain, 152. Peter, 106, 110, 111, 376, 378.
Roatan, W. I., 220, 241, 280.
Roberts, Bart., 43. Bartholomew, 314, 339, 340, 353, 360, 361. George, 156-199.
Robinson, Captain, 211. Abraham, 18.
Roderigo, Peter, 45-51.
Rogers, Woods, 344, 345, 347, 354.
Romney, Earl of, 74.
Roseway, N. S., 149, 218-220, 224-231.
Ross, Captain, 314.
Rush, James, 279.
Russell, Charles, 132. John, 156, 163, 169-198, 225, 230.
Ruth, Richard, 331, 332.
Ryswick, Peace of, 10, 15.
Salem, Mass., 111.
Sallee, Morocco, 5.
Salter, John, 321. Thomas, 218, 219.
Sample, R., 345.
Sandison, Captain, 205.
Sanford, Colonel, 34, 35.
Sargent, Epes, 313.
Scarlett, Captain, 49.
Scot, Andrew, 155, 157, 302. Lewis, 14.
Scottow, Joshua, 50.
Scudamore, Christopher, 102, 109, 110, 376, 378.
Scudder, Thomas, 30.
Sebada, Kempo, 24.
Sergeant, Peter, 73, 76, 80.
Sewall, Samuel, 66, 67, 102-107, 112, 114, 335, 368. Stephen, 104-107, 220.
Shapleigh, Major, 47. Nicholas, 25.
Sharp, Bart., xviii.
Shaw, John, 140.
Sheehan, John, 130.
Shelley, ----, 38.
Shipton, Captain, 217, 283-287.
Shortrigs, William, 32.
Shrewsbury, Duke of, 74.
Shrimpton, Epaphras, 68. Samuel, 67.
Shute, Gov. Samuel, 127, 130.
Shutfield, William, 294.
Siccadam, John, 66, 67, 70.
Silver oar, 367, 376.
Simons, Nicholas, 285, 286.
Simpkins, Captain, 155, 202.
Skiff, Nathan, 209.
Skillegorne, Captain, 276.
Slyfield, George, 138.
Smart, John, 58.
Smith, Edward, 298. Henry, 144, 289. John, 1, 4, 7, 25, 359. William, 124.
Sole, John, 127.
Solgard, Peter, 207, 208, 212, 282, 292-309.
Somers, Lord, 74, 81.
Sound, Joseph, 294, 300, 302.
South, Thomas, 117, 130, 131.
Southack, Cyprian, 127-129.
Spafforth, Captain, 204.
Sparks, James, 312, 315, 324.
Spiller, Mary, 311.
Spriggs, Francis Farrington, 156, 184, 185, 189, 193, 201, 203, 206, 216, 217, 220, 238, 264, 277-287, 290, 339.
Sprinkly, James, 302.
Stamford, Conn., 17.
Stanbridge, Edward, 327.
Stanny, Richard, 137.
Staples, Captain, 155.
Start, Captain, 322.
Staunton, Daniel, 27.
Stephens, ----, 279. Richard, 161.
Stephenson, Captain, 216.
Stone, Captain, 88.
Storey, Thomas, 33.
Storms, severe, 151, 234.
Streator, Thomas, 330, 334.
Sweating, 278.
Sweet, Dr. James, 129.
Sweetser, Joseph, 146, 294, 295, 303-305, 359.
Symonds, John, 265-268.
Taffery, Peter, 317, 324.
Tasker, George, 334.
Taylor, ----, 349. William, 317, 319, 323, 324.
Teach, Captain, 316. Edward, 345, 360.
Templeton, John, 102, 106.
Tew, Richard, 84. Thomas, 17, 74, 84-98, 347.
Thaxter, Joseph, 59.
Thomas, James, 32.
Thomas, John, 50.
Thompson, ----, 5. Captain, 152, 214.
Thorogood, Samuel, 287.
Thurbar, Richard, 102.
Tillinghast, Peter, 215.
Tomkins, John, 294.
Tortuga, 11-15.
Tosh, William, 129.
Tozer, Captain, 117. Elias, 282.
Trefry, Thomas, 218-220.
Triangles, W. I., 200, 235.
Tricker, Israel, 313.
Trot, Nicholas, 282.
Tulford, Richard, 50.
Turner, Captain, 105, 107.
Umper, Tom (indian), 295.
Uran, Edward, 51.
Uring, Nathaniel, 342.
Valentine, John, 108, 296.
Van der Scure, Frederick, 202.
Van Vorst, Simon, 123, 130, 131.
Vane, Charles, 345, 354.
Veale, Captain, 27.
Vessels. Abraham Fisher (privateer), 62. Adventure (hakeboat), 40, 41. Adventure (sloop), 39. Adventure Galley (ship), 75. Advice (man-of-war), 43, 80. Albemarle (East Indiaman), 40. America (ship), 38. Amity (ship), 346. Amity (sloop), 84, 87, 96, 97. Amsterdam Merchant (ship), 207, 291, 296, 298. Amy (ship), 136. Antonio (ship), 25. Batchelor’s Delight (ship), 283. Bijoux (ship), 91. Boneta (brigantine), 331. Brothers Adventure (sloop), 62. Carteret (ship), 207. Charles (brigantine), 39, 99-102, 107, 134. Childhood (sloop), 87. Content (sloop), 317. Crown (ship), 206. Daniel (brigantine), 282. Delight (ship), 216, 278. Diamond (man-of-war), 215, 217, 268, 283, 284. Dolphin (sloop), 379. Dolphin (vessel), 346. Dove (ship), 152. Eagle (sloop), 139, 140. Edward and Thomas (barque), 46. Elinor (ketch), 32. Elizabeth (shallop), 218. Elizabeth (snow), 328. Endeavor (sloop), 279. Fame’s Revenge (snow), 330, 334. Fancy (schooner), 203, 218, 220, 226, 277, 290. Fanny (vessel), 346. Farley (sloop), 210. Feversham (man-of-war), 134. Flying Horse (privateer), 44, 45. Fortune (ship), 63. Fortune (sloop), 206, 291. Frederick (ship), 89. Gambia Castle (ship), 132, 277. Glasgow (sloop), 320, 323. Good Fortune (ship), 314. Good Speed (sloop), 58, 59. Good-Will (schooner), 321. Greyhound (man-of-war), 207, 208, 212, 292, 296, 308. Greyhound (ship), 144, 145, 288, 289. Guernsey (man-of-war), 115. Happy Delivery (ship), 132, 135, 139, 140, 144. Happy Delivery (sloop), 216, 289, 290. Hopefull Betty (sloop), 207. Irwin (ship), 314. James (schooner), 333. Jane (shallop), 218, 219, 270. John and Betty (ship), 331, 335. John and Elizabeth (brigantine), 137. John and Hannah (sloop), 331. Jolly Batchelor (vessel), 279. King George (vessel), 206. King Sagamore (ship), 155, 157. King William (ship), 206. Larramore Galley, 104, 106. Liberty (sloop), 87. Lincolnshire (sloop), 138. Little Joseph (sloop), 136. Liverpool Merchant (ship), 154, 301. Margaret (sloop), 156-199. Mary (brigantine), 317. Mary (ketch), 56, 71. Mary (schooner), 150, 218, 219. Mary (sloop), 63. Mary and John (ship), 285. Mary Ann (pink), 122, 131. Mary Ann (sloop), 116. Mary Galley (ship), 135. Mere de Dieu (ship), 152. Mermaid (man-of-war), 202, 203, 238, 277. Merriam (sloop), 281. Merrimack (brigantine), 59. Merry Christmas (ship), 213, 216, 217. Milton (schooner), 218, 219, 224. Mocha (frigate), 34. Nathaniel (sloop), 127. Nostra Dame (ship), 152. Nostra Signiora de Victoria (ship), 201. Pearl (vessel), 346. Penobscot (shallop), 46. Philip (shallop), 46. Pompey (ship), 330. Portsmouth Adventure (vessel), 346. Postillion (sloop), 116. Princess (vessel), 139. Province Galley, 127. Quidah Merchant (ship), 42. Rachel (sloop), 333. Ranger (sloop), 145, 206, 208, 226, 277, 278, 291, 300, 303, 308. Rebecca (brigantine), 145, 148, 149, 218, 219, 277, 359. Rebeckah (schooner), 218, 219. Resolution (sloop), 59. Revenge (schooner), 315-324. Rose (frigate), 54, 68. Rose (pink), 152-155, 200, 220, 233, 270. St. Michael (ship), 117. Sally Rose (frigate), 69. Samuel (schooner), 218. Samuel (ship), 361. Sea Flower (sloop), 114. Seafort (ship), 23. Sea Horse (man-of-war), 212, 281. Separation (ship), 23. Solebay (man-of-war), 150, 151. Sparrow (ketch), 29. Squirrel (ship), 216. Squirrel (sloop), 310-313. Stanhope (pink), 202. Sultana (ship), 117, 118. Susannah (ship), 160. Swallow frigott (barque), 24. Swallow (man-of-war), xxii. Swan (ship), 9, 31. Swan (sloop), 129. Swift (schooner), 137. Sycamore (galley), 302, 303, 306. Thomasine (ship), 287. Trial (shallop), 104. Unity (snow), 201, 203. Victoire (ship), 90, 91. Whidaw (galley), 117-130. William (sloop), 205. Wright (galley), 153.
Vyall, John, 28.
Wadham, Captain, 315.
Wainwright, Colonel, 104.
Wake, Captain, 96. Thomas, 74.
Wakefield, Samuel, 104.
Waldron, Captain, 309. Jacob, 210. William, 46, 48.
Walker, Samuel, 331, 334.
Walking the plank, 361.
Wall, John, 149.
Walters, John, 295.
Want, Captain, 95, 96, 346.
Wappen, Rupert, 138.
Wapping, Eng., 5, 83.
Ward, ----, 5.
Warden, William, 320.
Warren, William, 66, 67, 70.
Waters, John, 300, 302. Sampson, 28.
Watkins, John, 58, 71.
Watson, Harry, 137, 140.
Watts, Samuel, 71.
Way, John, 102.
Weaver, ----, 84.
Webb, Rev. ----, 326.
Weekham, Benjamin, 300.
Welch, John, 276.
Welland, John, 207, 291, 296, 298-300, 303.
Wellfleet, Mass., 125.
Wells, ----, 114.
West Indies, 10-15, 341, 342, 348.
West, Richard, 140.
Wetherley, Tee, 34, 42.
Wharton, ----, 19.
Wheeler, Benjamin, 282, 322. John, 28. Thomas, 50.
White, ----, 105. Anthony, 84, 88. Robert, 140. William, 315, 320, 322-325, 379.
Whiting, William, 102, 103.
Wickstead, Captain, 139.
Wiggoner, ----, 69.
Wild, Elias, 213.
Wiles, William, 102, 103, 111.
Wilkinson, Thomas, 31.
Williams, James, 117, 131. John, 45, 51. Paul, 116, 117, 119, 121, 129, 345. Paulsgrave, 116.
Williard, John, 207.
Willing, Captain, 205.
Willis, Joseph, 144, 289. Robert, 140, 146, 359.
Wilson, Alexander, 25. John, 294, 300, 305.
Winter, Christopher, 345.
Winthrop, Adam, 68. John, 24. Thomas, 329, 330. Waitstill, 67, 68.
Wollery, William, 30.
Wood, James, 319. William, 280.
Woodbury, John, 57.
Worley, Captain, 360.
Wyndham, James, 215, 283.
Yaw, David, 322.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE MARINE RESEARCH SOCIETY
SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS
I. THE SAILING SHIPS OF NEW ENGLAND, 1607-1907, by JOHN ROBINSON and GEORGE FRANCIS DOW. Large 8vo. (7 x 10), 320 illustrations, 430 pages, blue buckram binding.
Sixty copies were printed on large paper.
II. THE PIRATES OF THE NEW ENGLAND COAST, 1630-1730, by GEORGE FRANCIS DOW and JOHN HENRY EDMONDS, WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY CAPT. ERNEST H. PENTECOST, R. N. R. Large 8vo. (7 x 10), 47 illustrations, 416 pages, red buckram binding.
Eighty-five copies were printed on large paper.
III. WRECKED AMONG CANNIBALS IN THE FIJIIS, by WILLIAM ENDICOTT, WITH NOTES BY LAWRENCE WATERS JENKINS, 8vo. (6¼ x 9½), 13 illustrations, 82 pages, Fabriano paper boards, linen back.
Transcriber’s Notes
• New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain. • Images have been relocated close to related content. • Endpaper map illustrations have been relocated to end of text, before index. • Footnotes have been renumbered consecutively and relocated at the end of the related chapters. • Perceived typographical errors have been silently corrected. • Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved. • Variations in hyphenation and compound words have been preserved.