CHAPTER I.

SCOTLAND IN THE REIGN OF ALEXANDER THE THIRD. PAGE Consolidation of the provinces of Scotland into one feudal monarchy completed in this reign, 1 Southern frontier of Scotland, 3 English possessions of the Scottish kings, 5 Northern boundary of Scotland, 7 Physical aspect of Scotland in the reign of Alexander the Third, 9 Population of Scotland in the reign of Alexander the Third composed of six races, 15 Indigenous races of the Britons and Picts, 16 Colonising races of Scots and Angles, 17 Intruding races of Danes, Norwegians, and Normans, 18 Influence of foreign races on native population, 18 Foreign elements introduced into population of Pictish and Cambrian territories, 20 Spread of Teutonic people over them, 21 Norwegian kingdom of the Isles, 28 The Gallgaidheal, 29 The Estates of the Realm in 1283, 39 Distinction of population into Teutonic Lowlanders and Gaelic Highlanders, 40