CHAPTER II.

THE SEVEN PROVINCES OF SCOTLAND.

Old division of Scotia into provinces, 42 Seven provinces in the eighth century, 42 Seven provinces in the tenth century, 44 Districts ruled by kings and afterwards by Mormaers, 49 Petty kings of Argyll and Galloway, 51 Jarl Thorfinn, 52 Mormaers termed by Norwegians, Jarls, 54 Mormaers of Buchan, from the Book of Deer, 55 Toisechs of Buchan, 56 Seven Earls first appear in reign of Alexander the First, 58 Policy of David I. to feudalise Celtic earldoms, 63 Creation of additional earldoms, 66 Earldom of Mar, 68 Earldoms of Garvyach and Levenach, 69 Earldoms of Ross and Carrick, 70 Earldom of Caithness, 71 Seven Earls in the reign of Alexander the Second, 71 Province of Argyll, 78 Seven Earls in the reign of Alexander the Third, 80 State of the land in the reign of Alexander the Third, 83 The Crown demesne, 84 District of Argyll divided into sheriffdoms, 88