Chapter 80 of 80 · 3903 words · ~20 min read

CHAPTER XL

BURUTU

A port in a swamp—Training native engineers—A composite village—Social grades—Medical provision—Mr John Burns on a Nigerian river—Back to the sea.

Burutu, like Forcados, five miles lower down the Niger, was a mere mangrove swamp, a forlorn no-man’s land. It has been reclaimed by the Niger Company for headquarters, and is now a bustling, thriving spot, large enough to be termed, by comparison, a small Glasgow in West Africa.

It has most of the characteristics of a port. On the 3,000 feet frontage two ocean liners can lie end-on—there is always one berthed—and seven of the eight hatches simultaneously discharging or loading; smaller craft—branch boats of 1,000 tons to stern-wheelers and launches for river traffic—are continuously bringing produce and passengers and taking up country small goods, among which bags of salt occupy an important place; whilst the coal wharf knows no rest. Awaiting shipment are 7,000 casks of palm-oil. Recently there were 10,000.

Besides, there are three hulks converted from two old sailing ships and a steamer. Two of the hulks are used to warehouse bulk produce of palm-kernels and shea-nuts; the third holds coal. But the Company are building a new coal wharf of two tiers to enable the coal ships to discharge cargo direct into trucks.

[Illustration: THE NIGER COMPANY’S WHARF AT BURUTU.]

[Illustration: SHIPPING PALM-OIL

For direct transit to Liverpool. (See page 348.)]

Fifteen corrugated iron sheds, 90 feet by 30 feet, give accommodation on the wharf for goods which should not be left in the open, and also for the extensive engineering and carpenters’ workshops, under a white Superintendent Engineer, who has with him three European fitters, a boiler-maker, two shipwrights and a large body of skilled natives from Coast towns. A couple of slipways take the river craft for repair, from launches to steamers up to 700 tons.

The coloured staff of fitters, blacksmiths, turners, moulders, and the rest of them are men from Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast, and Nigeria. They serve apprenticeship in the Company’s engineering shops for five years. If their conduct has been satisfactory they will be graded as improvers. Next they may be drafted on a river boat as third engineers, rising to second or to chief engineer. Others may start on shore, either in the workshops or as house-boys. Should they wish it, and their behaviour be good, they go on the river steamers, commencing as stewards or deck hands and going through every stage, as quartermasters, boatswains, and mates, and rising to command the vessel, for, with the exception of three, all the stern-wheelers and small steamers are in the hands of black captains, and thoroughly capable they are. It was with such a “Cappy” I came from Baro to Lokoja.

Burutu does not consist of only a long line of reclaimed beach and workshops abutting. There is much more. Hundreds of labourers are employed—400 on the commercial beach alone—and for them and others model villages have been laid out and the forest cleared for some distance back; for, previous to the Niger Company making Burutu its principal centre, the trees crowded down to the water edge, as they do at the opposite side of the river and at the ends of the nearly two miles of beach.

These villages have districts. You must not expect, say, the native clerk from Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast, or Lagos to have his residence cheek-by-jowl with the Yoruba labourer or the Ijaw river boys. Why should he not object? This is not said in an ironical tone. Do we not have a corresponding feeling? How shocked English suburbia would be, to be sure, if their neat promenades and well-laid-out boulevards were the resort of men who gained a living with pick and shovel! And who can say he enjoys huddling in train or tram against a navvy with the clay on his clothes, fresh from the exercise of his profession? The black man, too, has steps in his social ladder. He, too, has feelings, like all of us, whether he be the Coast person with elementary education and sometimes deservedly hated by the white; whether he be the Mohamedan of the hinterland; whether he be the Pagan of the uplands and the hills.

Therefore, the houses for colour men are in separate groups, according to the class occupying them. The labourers’ dwellings of bamboo walls and palm leaves are being gradually replaced by buildings bricked to about three feet at the sides and continued with corrugated iron, the same material for roof, and with cement floors. The ten senior coloured clerks are given two large bungalows divided into two rooms for each married couple, a portion of the verandah walled off from the adjoining family. The newer houses being erected will include bathrooms and kitchens.

An isolation hospital for natives holds any case of a contagious nature. To the hospital for Europeans a dispensary is attached, and to it come daily between 50 and 60 of the black dwellers in Burutu, including mammies and piccaninnies. Most of the male patients’ ailments are simple knocks or cuts received in the course of their work. The expenditure for all this is borne by the Niger Company, as well as the services of the Government doctor at Forcados, who is at Burutu every day except Sunday and attends to both Europeans and natives.

The European bungalows are made mosquito-proof. In each of the messrooms is a large overhead fan, electrically driven, and in the principal rooms portable table fans kept going from the same source. Even persons who live in a cold climate will realise what a boon these fans are in a quarter of the country where the heat is excessive and is always associated with a damp enervating atmosphere.

I suppose it is generally known that the Right Hon. John Burns, now a Cabinet Minister, in his younger years served a term, as an engineer, with the Niger Company. The statement is frequently made in West Africa that it took place at Burutu. That is incorrect. In Mr Burns’s time Burutu was a desolate mangrove swamp; the headquarters were at Akassa, at the mouth of the River Nun, about 50 miles further along the Coast from Forcados. Several renderings of a snake story have appeared in English papers. An old number of _The Engineer’s Gazette_, dated May 1893, has furnished me with what is evidently the correct account. The appended quotation is taken from a contribution by John Parkin, who in the text describes himself as “Superintendent of an engineering repairing shop.” I gather that the period of which he has written was 1880 or thereabouts.

“My next adventure in the snake line was at Akassa, while in charge of the engineering workshop there. The shop was built between the river and the jungle and the boiler fixed outside the building and close to rank vegetation. One day, after making my usual inspection of the boiler, I was startled to see a large snake making tracks for me. For the moment I was half-paralysed with fear, but instantly recovering myself and deeming prudence the better part of valour, I took to my heels. I was soon arrested in my inglorious flight by the derisive laughter of a fellow engineer, who, with characteristic pluck and presence of mind, picked up a shovel and chased the serpent that was chasing me, and with one well-aimed blow cut it in two. That daring engineer was John Burns, now of the L.C.C. and M.P. for Battersea.

“That was not the only occasion on which Burns showed his intrepidity. One day he and I were returning from the Brass River, through the creeks, in a steam launch. The propeller had only two blades.... They worked loose and fell off. The situation was alarming, as we were near a small village inhabited by cannibals, whilst the creek was teeming with sharks and reptiles. Fortunately the creek was not deep, it being low tide. The bottom was composed of soft, stinking mud and decayed vegetable matter; so we had but faint hopes of finding either of the blades. I proposed testing my skill as a diver, but Burns wouldn’t hear of it. ‘No,’ said he, ‘you are married and I am single. If either of us risks his life I’m the man’; and, immediately stripping, he plunged in. To my delighted surprise he found one blade, and we managed to fix it in the boss and proceeded on our course, arriving at Akassa in safety, though several hours late. We had been a long time without food and were ravenously hungry. Both of us did our duty at the table, but I was not in it with Burns, who ate nearly the entire leg of a goat.”

The launch of my very good friend, Mr Price, of Burutu, took me from there the five miles to the sea, and once more I steamed away from the land of Nigeria, which, notwithstanding the privations and hardships undergone, and the bad name the climate is given, retains for me a continual attraction and fascination to revisit.

FOOTNOTES

[1] I have since learned that what was done was quite in accordance with the spirit of the instructions that are laid down from the boat train. They are, in effect:—“We do not seek to make a profit, but we do wish to have no complaints.”

[2] Since this was written I have met the writer of the letter on the journey down the Niger. The matter was discussed and he told me the letter was sent to a relative without intention of its subsequent appearance in print. Publicity having been given to the assertions, I think it right the above comment on them should be made, notwithstanding my cordial relations with the writer.

[3] On discovering the loss the previous evening at the rest-house I sent a note to Mr Garrard, by his doki boy, offering £1 reward to any individual or body of men who found the pen. Next morning Mr Garrard sent out a party of six, notifying that 10s. would be paid to he who recovered the article. Although the night rain had displaced portions of the road, one of the men brought back the pen, which was handed to me on the return journey, some months later.

[4] Fit is used in pidgin English expressions to mean either willing, desirous or able.

INDEX

Abigah junior, 120-2

Abigah, King of Lokoja, 327-8

Aboh, 337, 343

Aborigines, Preface viii

Accra, 11

_African World_, 149, 211, 218

Agent (in West Africa), 6

Aiki Square, 20

Akabo, 2

Akassa, 351-3

Algeria, 102

Alkali, 68, 70, 71, 107, 114-15, 123, 239, 325-6

Amadu, 153, 158-9, 161, 166, 172

Ansim men, 100

Ashanti, military contingent for, 88

Ashanti War, 88

Awai, 134

Axim, 8

Badegi, railway from Baro to, 300

Badiko, 161, 163, 165, 195

Baikie, R.N., Dr, 317

Baker, Major E. M., Preface x

Bakin Kasua, 50

Bank of British West Africa, 118, 319

Bannerman, Mr D., 135

Barijuko, 133

Baro, 103, 145; railway from, to Badegi, 300, 306-11

Barth, Dr, 316, 327

Bassa, 68

Bauchi, 40; as the Capital, 42; Province of, 155, 205; expedition against Emir of, 195; Plateau, 223, 245, 266, 269, 334; escarpment, 224-5

Beit-el-Mal, _See_ Native Treasuries

Bell, Sir Hesketh, Preface ix, 67, 73, 294, 325

Bensusan, Mr F. L., 171-2

Benue River, 187, 224, 316, 319, 321, 335

Berbushay, 86

Beri-Beri country, 8

Beri-Beris, 63, 112, 121

Berrida, 134

Bibin, 136

Bida, 15, 40; Emir of, 88; railway through Province of, 300; battle of, 318

Biffen, Mr E. H., 46

Biscay, Bay of, 3

Bland, Mr E. M., Preface ix, 52

Borgu, 63

Bornu, Resident at, 26, 63, 69

Bourke, Mr F. D., Preface x, 174

Boussa, 314

Boyce, Sir Rupert, 5

Boyle, Mr A. G., C.M.G., Preface ix

Brass River, 352

Brayscher, Mr A. W., 58, 59

Brocklebank, D.S.O., Capt. J. J., Preface x, 81-85, 128, 192

Brown, Mr Richard, 137-8

Brown, Mr Robert, 137-8

Bugi, 175

Bukuru, 196, 247-268

Burns, M.P., the Right Honourable John, 351-3

Burutu, 348-353

Bush fires, 222-3

Byfield, Mr Bertram D., Preface x, 325-7

Byrd, Mr W. P., Preface x, 60, 128

Cactus, 248-9, 251

Camel transport, 191-2

Camera, 60, 160

Canary Islands, 5

Cannibalism, 246

Cantonment Magistrates, 28-9, 30-2, 325-6

Cape Coast, 11

Cape Palmas, 9

Cape Verde, 6

Carriers, 139-40, 146-180, 185, 219; pace of, 226, 237-242; _See_ also Dan Sokoto and Gotum Karo

Caruso, 300

Catholics, 39

Central Province, 205

Ch’Kardi, Adamu, Preface x, 94, 129

Chief Justice, the acting, 24; the, 114

Christian, Messrs G. W., 319

Clerks, Gold Coast and Sierra Leone, 38, 350-1

Climate, 5, 236

“Coast, call to the,” 1

Coast towns, Preface viii, 118, 324, 349

Coasters, 5, 6

Coleman, Mr E. N., 305, 308-9, 312

Coombe, Mr A., 313

Costello, Dr, 201, 219

Cotton growing, 305; British Cotton Growing Association, 319

Cowries, 104, 322

Crowther, Bishop, 330

Cyclops cement-block machine, 310

Dago River, 35

Daka-Keri, 36

Dalla, 86

Dan Sokoto, 239-41

David, 86

Deleme River, 173, 195

Donisthorpe, Mr Loder, 80

Donkey transport, 142-3, 192-3

Driver, Mr T. H., Preface x, 232-4

Dyer, Lieutenant, 91

Duchi-n-Wai, 134, 135

Eaglesome, Mr John, 25, 49, 133

East Africa, 2

Egerton, Sir Walter, Preface ix

Egypt, 2

Emirs, 26, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 296, 299-301

Emlyn, Dr A., 199-200

Emperor William I. of Germany, 327

_Engineer’s Gazette, The_, 352

English Channel, 2, 3

Euston, 131

Evans, Mr E., 258

Exclusive Prospecting Licence, the first, 195

Fairley, Messrs J. D., 319

Farms, Hausa, 55; Pagan, 253-4

Fedderi, 178-80

Forcados, 103, 118, 348

Fox, the late Rev. C., 56

Francis, Mr A. C., Preface x, 298

Fremantle, Captain, 298

French Company, the, 73, 74, 75, 76, 292

Frontier, of Southern and Northern Nigeria, 15

Fulani, Preface viii, 67, 100, 112, 116, 121, 154, 207, 263-6, 318

Gall, Mr F. Beckles, Preface x, 205-8, 213

Gambia River, 7

Gana-Gana, 344

Garrard, Mr Percy, 143-4, 147-9, 242

Gascoyne, Lieutenant, 91

Geiser and Company, 292

Gidan Gombo, 148, 149, 150-2, 257

Girouard, D.S.O., Sir Percy, 49, 300, 303, 306

Glasgow, 348

Godwin, Captain, F. A. E., 36

Gold Coast Colony, kola nuts from, 302

Gold discoveries, the, 293-4

Goldie, Sir George Taubman, Preface viii, 63, 66, 281, 318

Goldsmith, C.M.G., Mr H. S., 25

Goron Dutsi, 86

Gotum Karo, 179-80

Government House, 27

Governor, authority of, 19, 245

Graham, Mr F. G., 166

Grand Bassa, 9

Grant-in-aid, 23, 205

Gurum River, 175-7, 231, 233

Gussum, 153, 154

Hanington, Dr, 3, 4

Hanza, 153-4, 156-168, 172, 174, 178

Harmattan, 14, 223

Harrison, Mr W., 3, 4

Hausa, Preface viii, 36; traders on the railway, 49, 63, 64, 67, 100, 112, 116, 121, 137, 154, 162, 207, 226-8, 237, 243-4, 247-8; house, 251, 254, 262-6, 280-1, 290, 318

Herodotus, 314

Hibbert, Mr W. H., Preface x, 312, 321

Hill Division, 207

Holt, Messrs John, 73, 292, 319, 337

Horses, 108, 109, 141-2, 164, 216-18, 249, 253, 255-7

Hos, 225, 228

Hospital Sisters, 5

Hospitals, Jos, 200; Baro, 311; Lokoja, 328-9

House of Commons Resolution, 317

House of Lords, the, 308

Huddart, Mr L. H. L., 293-4

Ibadan, 15, 309

Iddo Wharf, 11-13

Ijaw, 350

Imperial Yeomanry, 8th, 81

Inspector of Mines, Government, 21

James, Mr F. Seton, C.M.G., Preface ix

Jebba, 16, 40; as the Capital, 41, 88, 319

Jemma, 223-4

Johnson, Captain, A. E., D.S.O., 35, 36

Johnson, Dr, 201, 298

Jos, 174, 181-93, 196, 221, 230

Judd, Colonel, 22

Juga, 154, 167, 169

Kabba, expedition against, 281, 318; Province of, 319; City of, 325

Kadaura, 169

Kaduna Bridge, 52

Kaduna River, 41; tributaries of, 50

Kano, 57-129

Kantagora, 40; Emir of, 88

Karre, 134

Karshi, 225, 228

Katsina, 70; Emir of, 89, 103, 107

Keffi, Magasi of, 89

Kelly, Captain G. C., Preface ix, 24, 26

Kendall, Mr, 191

King, the Great White, 65

King’s Dragoon Guards, 81

Kogin Serekin Pawa, 50

Kogini Rahama, 149

Kolo, 215-16, 238-9

Kooty-Wenji, 17

Krumen, 7-8, 11

Kudara, 134, 136, 137

Kugo River, 50

Kukuruku, 36

Lafee Sala, 163

Lagos, 11, 12; as the capital, 42; Colony of, 63, 73, 75, 103, 118

Lagos Stores, Ltd., 73, 75, 76, 292

Laird, McGregor, 315-17

Lake Chad, 54, 316

Lander, the brothers, 314-16

Langslow-Cock, Mr A. E., 204-5

Laundryman, 9

Laws, Mr H. W., 195-6

“Lazy negroes,” 55

Lefanu, Sergeant, 91

Leighton, Mr, 175

Lenthall, Mr Robert, Preface x

Liberia, 9

Liverpool, 2, 11, 103, 315

Lokoja, as the capital, 41, 311, 313-33; distance from Forcados, 335

Loko-Keffi route, 187-8, 224

London and Kano Trading Company, 80-85, 292

Lugard, Lady, Preface viii

Lugard, Sir F., Preface viii, 25, 36, 30, 40, 49, 64, 65, 66, 88, 89, 90, 92, 127, 133, 142, 194-5

Macdonald, Mr George, 195-6

Macintyre, Archdeacon, J. L., 330-2

Maclaverty, Captain C. F. S., Preface ix, 24, 151, 282

Maclean, Mr C., Preface ix

Magama, 165

Mail services, 37

Malarial fever, 5, 329

Mal-de-mer, 3

Mallam, 280-1; on railway, 301-2, 318

Mama, 238-9

Manchester, 103

Manson, Sir Patrick, 5

Marsh, Mr W. J., 59, 60

McDowell, Mr J. B., Preface x

McQueen, James, 315

Medical staff, 5

Melba, Madame, 300

Migeod, Mr C. L., 207

Military, 1st Northern Nigeria Regiment, 24; West African Frontier Force, 36; artillery, 36; operations, 65; Northern Nigeria Regiment, 81; contingent for Ashanti, 88, 278-90; marriage in the service, 281; the guns, 282-4; sports, 284-5; signalling, 285-7; the bands, 287-8; classification of white civilians, 289-9; expedition against Kabba, 318; Battle of Bida, 318

Minerals royalty, 198

Minna, 16; station, 44-5-6, 302; distance from Zaria, 302

Missionaries, 45, 125-9, 258-9, 316, 324, 329-332

Mockler-Ferryman, Colonel, Preface viii

Mohamedan and Moslem, 38, 39, 44; clothing, 64, 66, 68, 102, 114, 127, 243, 249, 280-1, 318, 324, 338, 350

Molyneux, Mr S. A., 179-80

Money, 117-8, 185, 322

Monrovia, 9

Morel, Mr E. D., Preface viii

Morland, Colonel, 90-1

Morocco, 101, 102, 103

Mosques, 120

Motor lorry transport, 191-2

_Mungo Park_, the, 336-7, 339-40

Musical instruments, Pagan, 249, 250

Naraguta, 169, 173, 195-6; extended, 196, 197, 205, 214

Nasaru, 338-9, 346

Nassarawa, 40; Province of, 223, 225

Navy, the Royal, 315

Newport, Mr A., 45

N’Gell, 196

Nicolaus, Mr G., 195

Niger Company, 33; constabulary, 36, 61, 63, 66, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 139-145; finance department, 184-6; transport department, 186-193; mining department, 194-8, 293, 307, 310, 318-19, 321, 336-7, 348-51

Niger River, 16; ferry, 16; bridge, 17, 103, 145; at Baro, 315; exploration of and early trading on, 314-17, 319, 321; navigating the, 334-37

“Niggers,” 13

Nun River, 351

Nupés, 63, 100, 112, 312, 338

Nursing, feminine, 200-1, 328

Offa, 15

Officials, English, number of, 67

Oil Rivers, 11

Oje, divines water, 46, 59, 170, 182, 211-15, 238, 309-10

Oldfield, Mr J., 46

Ollivant and Company, 292

Olokemeji, 15

Onitsha, 337, 340

Orr, Captain, Preface viii

Oshogbo, 15

Overweg, Dr, 316

Oxen transport, 142, 191-2

Paddington, 131

Pagans, Preface vii, 36, 38, 63, 64, 69, 154, 177-8, 207, 224, 226-8, 243-77; musical instruments, 250; houses, 251-3; fuel, 252; farms, 253-4; cattle and herds, 255; public celebrations, 255; races, 256; as horsemasters, 256-7; hunting, 257; sign language, 257-8; administering justice, 260-6; authority of Kings and Chiefs, 260, 270-1; trial by ordeal, 262; taxation, 266-8; marriage customs, 271-3; death customs, 273-5; cannibalism, 275-7; military, 280, 350

Pagenstecher and Company, 292, 319

Park, Mungo, 314

Parkin, Mr John, 352

Paterson and Zochonis, 292

_Pleiad_, the, 316

Police, Northern Nigeria, 35-6; Emir’s, 36, 245

Polygamy, 120

Pooley, Captain, 10, 11

Population, number of, 67; decrease of, 88

Porch, Mr M. P., 298

Porter, Major, 91

Postmaster-General, the, 24, 37

Price, Mr A. E., Preface x, 347, 353

Probis, Mr, 195

Public Works Department, 20

Radcliff, Captain J., 29

Rahama, 134, 138-145, 147, 231

Railway, Anchou, 54; Baro-Kano, Preface vii, 48, 58-9, 145, 299-305; Bauchi Light, Preface vii, 17, 131-8, 145, 154; Boat train, 12, 14, 131; Deputy Director of, 24-5; Dumbi, 54; extension from Jebba to Kano, 20-1; fares, 18; ferry, 16; gauges, 132; Hausa traders on the, 49; Kaduna station, 50-1; Kaduna bridge, 52; Kano, approach to, 56; Kano station, 58; Kano and the desert route for Arab merchants, 102; Lagos Government, the, Preface vii, 15; locomotive and elephants, 302; locomotive and horse, 302; meals on the, 18; Nigerian, Preface vii; proportion of travellers per class, 49; Rahama, trains from, 231; receipts, 48-9; Rigachikun, 54; road transport contrasted with the, 235; rolling-stock, demand for, 48; Shallawa River, 55; terminus, 11, 12, 13; 3rd class coaches, 49; track repair, 51; water for engines, 51; Zaria junction, 291; Zaria Plateau, 50; Zungeru, 17; Zungeru station, 43; Zungeru to Kano train, 44

Rats, as food, 309-10

_Rattler_, the, 312-13

Reichard, Herr, 314-15

Residents, discretion to, 26, 67, 205-8, 245-6, 247-8, 260-1, 263, 266-8, 297

Rest-houses, 22, 57, 109, 150-1, 164, 297-8

Rhodesia, 236

Richards, Mr Cyril, 14

Richardson, Mr, 316

Rigachikun, 187

Ross, Major Sir Ronald, 5

Raffan Governor, 234

“Rule of the road” at sea, 10

Sahara Desert, 7, 102

Salah, the, 216, 219-220

Scarbrough, Lord, 197

Schools, Government and Missionary, 39

Secondee, 11

Selander, Mr J. E., 107

Shallawa River, 90

Sierra Leone, 7, 8, 9, 118

Sign language, 257-8

Signalled message, 290

Simmonds, Mr E. B., 186

Slave-raiding, 50, 243, 262-4

Slaves, domestic, 122

Soba, 134, 135

Sokoto, 15; resident at, 26; mails to, 37, 40, 67, 68, 91, 103

Soper, Captain, F. P., 224

South African War, 81

Speed, Mr, 235-7

Stephenson, Captain, W. H., 336, 339, 343, 347

Stobart, Mr S. E. M., Preface x, 261-7

Sudan United Mission, 258-9

Suly, Preface x, 129

Sussex scenery, 223

Swainson, Mr J., 137-8

Syrian trader, a, 73, 75, 76, 78

Taxation, native, 67, 207, 245, 266-8, 295-7

Temperature, 7, 14, 159-60, 225-6, 252-3

Temple, Mr Charles L., C.M.G., Preface ix, 25, 27, 300

Territory, extent of, 63, 67, 278

Tetrazzini, Madame, 300

Tilde Fulani, 171, 180, 195

Tin areas of Nigeria, 73, 75, 76, 292, 319

Tin fields, travellers for, 17; inception of, 194-8; mining regulations, 202-5; Government Inspector of Mines, 204-5; travellers to, 307

Toner, Mr James, 4

Toro, 169, 170

Trading firms, European, 6, 73

Transvaal scenery, 221

Treasuries, native, 34, 68, 69, 70, 115, 295-6

Tremearne, Major, Preface viii

Trial by ordeal, 262

Trigge, Mr Joseph E., Preface x

Tripoli, 101, 102, 103, 316

Tunis, 101

Turegs, 100

Vultures, 117

Walkden and Company, John, 292

Wallace, Sir William, 195-6

Waller, Mr F. W., Preface ix

Wassaku Concessions, 134

Waterloo, 131

Watson, Dr, 199-200

Watts, Mr Walter, Preface x, 194-5

Weinthal, Mr Leo, Preface ix

West African Frontier Force, 36

White, Mr, 80

Wilks, Mr, 61

Women traders, 119

Woolloy, Mr H. M., 37

Worroko, 134

Yola, 316

Yorubas, 30, 63, 309, 350

Zaria, 15, 17, 40, 89, 90; station, 130-1, 182, 291-8; native taxation, 295-7; Emir of, 296; railway through Province of, 300; kola nuts for, 303

Zungeru, 19-20; character of, 21; living accommodation in, 21-2; houses and food, 22-3; rest-houses at, 22; future of, as Capital, 23, 39; hours of work at, 26; Secretariat, 26; Government House, 27; Governor’s motor-car, 27-8; Cantonment Magistrate, 29-32; Chief of, 31-2; Niger Company’s store, 33; native town, 34; prison, 35-6; mail services, 37; sports, 38; native and other coloured inhabitants, 38; strategic position of, 40-1, 73

THE NORTHUMBERLAND PRESS, THORNTON STREET, NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.