part 1
No. of cervical vertebræ, wanting. dorsal ditto, wanting. sacral ditto 9 caudal ditto, wanting.
Remarks:—Both this and the foregoing bird are most curious; it is difficult to say in what order they ought to be placed, the external form being equally ambiguous with the internal structure.
The digestive organs nearly agree with that of many insessorial birds; the pelvis also approaches nearly in form to that of the thrush; the sternum, however, differs altogether from any form found in that order, and is precisely that of a _Picus_. The coracoids are lengthened; the os furcatum is furnished with only a slight process where it approaches the sternum, in which particulars, also in the form of the ribs, it agrees with the _Picidæ_.
Having found the internal structure so curious, and so contrary to what I expected, I was led to examine the external more minutely than I had before done. The same form of claw is found in several species among the cuckoos, in the genus _Pelophilus_, for instance; the two outer toes are zygodactyle, being united together as far as the first joint; the bill, at first sight, might be taken for that of a gallinaceous bird; but in searching among the order _Scansores_, for some resemblance, I find the same structure in several of the cuckoo family, with the exception of the nostrils being nearer to the apex of the bill in _Pterotochos_. The Australian genus _Menura_ is, probably, allied to this, but differs in the structure of the nostrils.[32]
SYNALLAXIS MALUROIDES. _D’Orb._ (Female.)
Tongue pointed, furnished at the base with two strong spines, the sides of which are armed with smaller ones; trachea, œsophagus, and proventriculus as in _Furnarius_ and _Uppucerthia_; gizzard rounded, not very muscular, lined with a slightly hardened smooth coat, and filled with the remains of insects; intestinal canal of moderate size and length, furnished with two rudimentary cæca.
Inches Length of œsophagus and proventriculus 1⅛ gizzard ⅜ Breadth of ditto ⁵⁄₁₆ Length of intestinal canal from gizzard to cloaca 4¾ from cæca to cloaca ¾
The parts of the skeleton of this bird which I was able to preserve, were more closely allied to the corresponding ones of Troglodytes than to those of any other genus in my possession, but differ in the following particulars: the lateral processes of the sternum bounding the posterior fissures are not so much expanded, consequently the fissures themselves are smaller; the keel is rather deeper; the portion to which the ribs are attached does not project so far forwards, but the process between the coracoids is rather longer; the interocular portion of the cranium is also rather broader than in the above mentioned genus; the pelvis, coracoids, and scapula agree both in shape and size with Troglodytes.
lines Length of sternum 6¼ Breadth anteriorly 4 posteriorly 4½ Greatest width of fissures ¾ Depth of ditto 2½ Length of occiput to point of bill 14¾ Breadth of cranium 5¾ Length of pelvis 9 Breadth of ditto posteriorly 5 anteriorly 1¾ No. of cervical vertebræ 12
PHYTOTOMA RARA. _Molina._
This bird being injured about the sexual organs, I could not ascertain the sex. Tongue pointed, armed at the base on each side with a flattened tricuspid spine; trachea small, of uniform diameter throughout its whole length, acted upon by one pair of sterno-tracheal muscles; œsophagus funnel-shaped at the upper extremity, when distended capable of containing a common pencil, at its junction with the proventriculus much smaller; proventriculus scarcely perceptible; gizzard small, consisting of little more than a thick skin, inner coat hardened; the entrance of the œsophagus, and the exit of the intestine placed very near together at the upper extremity of it; intestinal canal very short, and of large diameter, entirely devoid of cæca; the whole length with the gizzard and œsophagus distended with a stringy substance, resembling coarse spun cotton cut into short lengths.
Inches Length of œsophagus, including proventriculus 3 of intestinal canal 7½ Length of gizzard ⅝ Breadth of ditto ½
Sternum of nearly equal breadth, both posteriorly and anteriorly, much narrowed near the middle; posterior margin nearly straight, indented with two large fissures, narrowed at their exit; between the junctions of the coracoids furnished with a bifid process; the portion of the sternum to which the ribs are attached, continued anteriorly beyond the junction of the coracoids; keel of moderate size; coracoids long, not very strong; os furcatum long, slightly arched, furnished with a flattened process, turned inwards at the point it approaches the sternum.
Pelvis broad, and short, narrowest anteriorly, the os pubis and ischium continued far backwards, beyond the junction of the caudal vertebræ; ribs strong, and flattened; posterior process large; scapula long, broadest near the extremity; legs of moderate strength, the internal processes of the tibia large, and flattened; bones of the cranium strong.
lines Length of sternum 12½ Breadth anteriorly 6½ posteriorly 9¼ Width of fissures 1½ Depth of ditto 4 keel 4¾ Length of pelvis 13½ Width anteriorly 5 posteriorly 11 Length from occiput to point of bill 16 Breadth of head 8 Length of coracoids 9 No. of cervical vertebræ 11 dorsal ditto 7 sacral ditto 10 caudal ditto 7 ——— Total 35
No. of true ribs 5 false ribs 2·1 ——— Total 8
Remarks:—The skeleton and soft parts of this bird very nearly resemble those of the genus _Loxia_, but differ in their superior size, in having the fissures on the posterior margin of the sternum not so deep, and in the margin itself being straighter, the coracoids larger, and in having the process at the end of the os furcatum approaching the sternum smaller than in that genus. The ribs also are stronger.
TROCHILUS GIGAS. _Vieill._ (Male.)
Tongue bifid, each division pointed; hyoids very long, in their position resembling those in the _Picidæ_; trachea of uniform diameter; destitute of muscles of voice; bronchia very long; œsophagus funnel-shaped, slightly contracted on approaching the proventriculus, which is small, and scarcely perceptible; gizzard small, moderately muscular, the inner coat slightly hardened, and filled with the remains of insects; intestine largest near the gizzard; I could not perceive a vestige of cæca.
Inches Length of œsophagus, including proventriculus 1¾ Intestinal canal 3½ Length of gizzard ¼ Breadth of ditto ⅓
Sternum with the keel very deep, its edge rounded, and projecting anteriorly; posterior margin rounded, and destitute of indentation or fissure; the ridges to which the pectoral muscles have their attachment, large and prominent, the horizontal portion much narrowed anteriorly, consequently the junctions of the coracoids are very near together.
Pelvis short, very broad; os pubis long, curved upwards at the extremities, projecting far downwards, and posteriorly beyond the termination of the caudal vertebræ; the ischiatic foramen small, and linear; femora placed far backwards; coracoids short, very strong, their extremities much diverging; os furcatum short, slightly arched near the extremities of the rami, which are far apart, furnished with only a small process on its approach to the sternum; scapula flattened, long, broadest near the extremity; humerus, radius, and ulna short, the metacarpal bones longer than either; the former furnished with ridges much elevated for the attachment of the pectoral muscles; caudal and dorsal vertebræ with the transverse processes long, and expanded; cranium of moderate strength, the occipital portion indented with two furrows, which pass over the vertex, and in which the hyoids lie; orbits large, divided by a complete bony septum; the lachrymal bones large, causing an expansion of the bill near the nostrils.
lines Length of sternum 13¼ Breadth anteriorly 4 posteriorly 7¼ Depth of keel 6¾ Length of pelvis 6¼ Width anteriorly 2½ posteriorly 7 Length from occiput to point of bill 27½ Breath of cranium 6½ Length of coracoids 6
No. of cervical vertebræ 10 dorsal ditto 6 sacral ditto 9 caudal ditto 5 ——— Total 30
No. of true ribs 5 false ditto 1·3 ——— Total 9
Remarks:—The skeleton of this bird does not differ in form from that of _Trochilus pella_, figured at page 270 of the Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology. The whole of the group are more nearly allied to fissirostral birds than any other.
TINOCHORUS RUMICIVORUS. _Eschsch._ (Male.)
Trachea of uniform diameter, furnished with one pair of sterno-tracheal muscles, from which a few fibres descend on each side to the upper rings of the bronchiæ; œsophagus of large diameter to about half its length, where it is furnished with a craw, and afterwards contracted to the proventriculus; the craw where it is connected with the œsophagus is much contracted, afterwards it expands into a large sac; proventriculus small; gizzard large, and very muscular; the grinding surfaces hard, concave in the middle, and furnished with longitudinal grooves in the concave part; the intestinal canal is of moderate length, small next the gizzard, largest at the entrance of the cæca, from whence it slightly tapers to the cloaca, which is small; cæca long, of greatest diameter at the opposite extremity to their entrance into the rectum; the gizzard and œsophagus were filled with reeds, mixed with very small pebbles; liver bilobed.
Length of œsophagus from glottis to gizzard 3 inch. from œsophagus to outer extremity of craw ¾ inch. Perpendicular diameter of craw 7 lines Inches Greatest diameter of gizzard obliquely to the grinding surfaces 1 Diameter parallel to the grinding surfaces ¾ Length of intestine from gizzard to cloaca 13 from cæca to cloaca 1¾ of cæca 3
A second specimen, a female, did not differ, except in sex. Skeleton light; bones in general thin.
Sternum broadest posteriorly, and indented on its posterior margin with two large fissures; keel deep, its inferior edge rounded, much scolloped out anteriorly; a moderate size bifid manubrial process between the junction of the coracoids.
Pelvis broad, of moderate length, similar to that found among the genus _Strepsilas_.
Os furcatum much arched, furnished with a small flattened process, where the ligament unites it to the sternum; coracoid of moderate length, strong, furnished with a large process externally near their junction with the sternum; ribs flattened, posterior process long, slightly curved, and narrow.
lines Length of sternum 16 Breadth anteriorly 7 posteriorly 11 Width of fissures 4 Depth of ditto 6 keel 7 Length of pelvis 16½ Width anteriorly 6 posteriorly 12 Length from occiput to point of bill 16 Breadth of head 6½ Length of coracoids 7½
No. of cervical vertebræ 14 dorsal 6 sacral 12 caudal 7 —— Total 39 ——
No. of true ribs 6 false ditto 2 —— Total 8
Remarks. The bill of this curious bird much resembles that of the genus _Glareola_, but the soft skin covering the nostrils is more developed, in which respect it resembles the quails, and other gallinaceous birds. The structure of the tarsi, feet, and nails approach near to that of _Strepsilas_, but differ in the latter being sharper, and in the scales on the feet and tarsi being more apparent, which may, perhaps, have been caused to a certain degree by the bird having been for a long while in spirits.
The wing has precisely the same structure as in _Glareola_, and some of the plovers.
The tail is more lengthened than among the plovers, but not more so than in _Glareola praticola_, which species has, however, the tail forked, but some of the same genus, as the last named bird, although it is not so long in them, have it in the same shape as in _Tinochorus_,—as _Glareola Australis_.
The structure of the digestive organs is altogether that of a gallinaceous bird; the skeleton, however, agrees scarcely in any particular with that order, approaching closely to that of the waders. The sternum differs from any gallinaceous bird with which I am acquainted, in wanting entirely the strong lateral process, and in the fissures on the posterior margin being much smaller; the nearest approach in form which I have been able to find, is that of _Machetes_, from which, if it were not for the superior size of the latter, it could scarcely be distinguished.
The pelvis agrees so perfectly with that of _Strepsilas interpres_, and the _Charadriidæ_ in general, as not to require farther remark.
The remainder of the skeleton resembles both the plovers and sandpipers.
I much regret that I have never had an opportunity of dissecting a specimen of _Glareola_, to which the genus, _Tinochorus_, appears closely allied, and I believe that they will form a connecting link between the orders _Grallatores_ and _Razores_.
INDEX TO THE SPECIES.
_N.B._ The Synonyms are in Italics.
_Ada Commersoni_, 51
Agelaius chopi, 107 —— fringillarius, 106 —— _chrysopterus_, 106 —— _virescens_, 107
Aglaia striata, 97 —— vittata, 98
Agriornis, 55 —— gutturalis, 56 —— striatus, 56 —— micropterus, 57 —— maritimus, 57
_Agriornis leucurus_, 57
Alaudinæ, 87
_Alauda cunicularia_, 65 —— _nigra_, 84 —— _rufa_, 84 —— _fulva_, 84
_Albatuitui à collier noir_, 127
_Alcedo torquata_, 42 —— _Americana_, 42 —— _Senegalensis_, 41
Alecturus guirayetupa, 51
_Alouette noire à dos fauve_, 84 —— _à dos rouge_, 84
_Amblyramphus bicolor_, 109 —— ruber, 109
Ammodramus Manimbè, 90 —— _xanthornus_, 90 —— longicaudatus, 90
_Anas Antarctica_, 134 —— _brachytera_, 136 —— _erythrorhyncha_, 135 —— _creccoïdes_, 135 —— _Magellanica_, 134 —— _urophasianus_, 135 —— _Bahamensis_, 135
Anser melanopterus, 134
Anthus furcatus, 85 —— Chii, 85 —— _fulvus_, 84 —— _variegatus_, 84 —— correndera, 85
_Anumbi rouge_, 80
Anumbius ruber, 80
_Aquila pezopora_, 13 —— _megaloptera_, 21
Ardea leuce, 128 —— _Egretta_, 128 —— Herodias, 128 —— _nycticorax_, 128 —— _violacea_, 128 —— _callocephala_, 128
Athene cunicularia, 31
Attagis Gayii, 117 —— Falklandica, 117
_Becassine, 1^e Espece_, 131
_Bec d’argent_, 51
_Bernicla leucoptera_, 134 —— antarctica, 134
_Buteo tricolor_, 26 —— varius, 26 —— ventralis, 26 —— erythronotus, 26
Buteoninæ, 22
Cactornis assimilis, 105 —— scandens, 104
_Caille des Isles Malouines_, 117
Camarhynchus psittaculus, 103
—— crassirostris, 103
Caprimulgidæ, 36
Caprimulgus bifasciatus, 36
—— parvulus, 37
Cathartes aura, 8
—— atratus, 7
—— urubu, 7
_Certhia antarctica_, 67
Certhidea olivacea, 106
_Certhilauda cunicularia_, 65
Ceryle torquata, 42
—— Americana, 42
Charadrius virgininus, 126
—— _marmoratus_, 126
—— _semipalmatus_, 128
—— _bifasciatus_, 127
—— _trifasciatus_, 127
—— _rubecola_, 126
—— _Azaræ_, 127
—— _collaris_, 127
—— _Cayanus_, 127
_Charpentier des champs_, 113
_Chii_, 85
_Chingolo_, 91
Chionis albâ, 118
Chloephaga Magellanica, 134
Chlorospiza xanthogramma, 96
—— melanodera, 95
_Chopi_, 107
Chrysometris campestris, 89
—— Magellanica, 97
Chrysoptilus campestris, 113
_Churrinche_, 44
_Circaëtus antarcticus_, 15
Circinæ, 29
_Circus histrionicus_, 50
—— megaspilus, 29
—— cinereus, 30
_Clignot ou Lichenops_, 51
Coccothraustinæ, 98
Colaptes Chilensis, 114
Columba Fitzroyii, 114
—— _denisea_, 114
—— _araucana_, 114
—— loricata, 115
_Columba gymnopthalmus_, 115
—— _leucoptera_, 115
—— _picazuro_, 115
—— _Talpacoti_, 116
—— _Boliviana_, 116
—— _aurita_, 115
Columbina strepitans, 116
—— talpacoti, 116
—— _Cabocolo_, 116
_Condor_, 3
Conurus murinus, 112
—— Patachonicus, 113
_La Correndera_, 85
_Coturnix Falklandica_, 117
Craxirex Galapagoensis, 23
Crex lateralis, 132
—— _galeata_, 133
—— _melampyga_, 133
Crithagra? brevirostris, 88
—— Brasiliensis, 88
Crotophaga ani, 114
—— Piririqua, 114
_Cryptura Guaza_, 120
_Crypturus rufescens_, 120
—— _perdicarius_, 119
_Cuculus guira_, 114
—— _nævius_, 114
_Culicivora parulus_, 49
_Curruca macloviana_, 83
Cursores, 120
Cyanotis omnicolor, 86
Cyclarhis Guianensis, 58
Cypselus unicolor, 41
Dafila urophasianus, 135
Daption Capensis, 140
Dendrodramus, 82
—— leucosternus, 82
Diplopterus nævius, 114
—— guira, 114
Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 106
_Dragon_, 107
Egretta leuce, 128
_Emberiza melanodera_, 95
—— _carbonaria_, 94
—— _guttata_, 94
—— _Manimbè_, 90
_Emberiza Diuca_, 92
—— _Gayi_, 92
—— _oryivorus_, 106
—— luteoventris, 88
—— _luctuosa_, 94
—— _jacarina_, 92
—— gubernatrix, 88
—— _cristata_, 88
—— _cristatella_, 88
Emberizinæ, 88
Eniberizoides poliocephalus, 98
Eremobius, 69
—— phœnicurus, 69
_Etourneau des terres_, 110
_Euphone jacarina_, 92
Falconidæ, 9
Falconina, 28
_Falco sparverius_, 29
Falco femoralis, 28
—— _degener_, 13
—— _leucurus_, 15
—— _Novæ Zealandiæ_, 15
—— _Australis_, 15
—— _Brasiliensis_, 9
—— _histrionicus_, 50
_Falcunculus Guianensis_, 58
_Figulus albogularis_, 64
Fluvicolinæ, 51
_Fluvicola nengeta_, 54
—— icterophrys, 53
—— Azaræ, 53
—— Irupero, 50
—— _perspicillata_, 53
_Fournier_, 64
Fregata Aquila, 146
Fringilla Gayi, 92
—— carbonaria, 94
—— _campestris_, 89
—— formosa, 92
—— fruticeti, 94
—— _icterica_, 97
—— _Hispaniolensis_, 95
—— _matutina_, 91
—— alaudina, 94
—— _splendens_, 92
—— Diuca, 92
_Fringilla Manimbè_, 90
—— _Magellanica_, 97
—— _luteoventris_, 89
Fringillidæ, 87
Fringillinæ, 90
Fulica galeata, 133
_Furnarius Chilensis_, 67
—— _Lessonii_, 67
—— cunicularius, Anat. Descript. of, 148
—— _fuliginosus_, 67
—— rufus, 64
—— cunicularius, 65
—— _dumetorium_, 66
—— _ruber_, 80
_Gafarron_, 97
Gallinula crassirostris, 133
—— _galeata_, 133
Geospiza magnirostris, 100
—— strenua, 100
—— parvula, 102
—— nebulosa, 101
—— fortis, 101
—— crassirostris, 103
—— dentirostris, 102
—— fuliginosa, 101
—— dubia, 103
Grallatores, 125
_Grande Mouette_, 142
_Grive rousse et noirâtre_, 59
—— _blanche et noirâtre_, 59
_Guirayetupa_, 51
Gyratones, 114
Hæmatopus palliatus, 128
Halcyonidæ, 41
Halcyon erythrorhyncha, 41
_Haliaëtus chimachima_, 13
—— _erythronotus_, 26
—— _chimango_, 14
Hiaticula Azaræ, 127
—— semipalmata, 128
—— trifasciatus, 127
Himantopus nigricollis, 130
Hirundinidæ, 37
_Hirundo purpurea_, 38
—— _concolor_, 39
—— leucopygia, 40
Hirundo frontalis, 40
—— cyanoleuca, 41
_Huppe jaune_, 88
_Hylactes Tarnii_, 70
_Ibis melanops_, 128
—— Ordi, 129
—— _Falcinellus_, 129
_Icterus fringillarius_, 107
—— _niger_, 107
—— _anticus_, 107
—— _maxillaris_, 107
—— _sericeus_, 107
—— _unicolor_, 107
—— _sulcirostris_, 107
_Irupero_, 53
_Ispida torquata_, 42
Laniadæ, 58
_Laniagra Guianensis_, 58
Lanianæ, 58
_Lanius doliatus_, 58
—— _nengeta_, 54
—— _sulphuratus_, 43
Larus fuliginosus, 141
—— hæmatorhynchus, 142
—— dominicanus, 142
—— _cirrocephalus_, 142
—— _maculipennis_, 142
—— _glaucodes_, 142
_Leistes erythrocephala_, 109
—— anticus, 107
_Leptonyx macropus_, 71
—— _Tarnii_, 70
—— _albicollis_, 72
—— _paradoxus_, 73
—— _rubecula_, 73
_Lessonia erythronotus_, 84
Lichenops erythropterus, 52
—— perspicillatus, 51
Limosa Hudsonica, 129
Limnornis, 80
—— rectirostris, 80
—— curvirostris, 81
_Lindo bleu dore et noir_, 97
_Macas cornu_, 137
_Malacorhynchus Chilensis_, 73
_Manimbè_, 90
_Mareca Bahamensis_, 135
_Megalonyx medius_, 72
—— _rufus_, 71
—— _albicollis_, 72
—— _ruficeps_, 70
—— _rubecula_, 73
—— _rufogularis_, 73
Megalopterus stolidus, 145
Melanocorypha cinctura, 87
_Merops rufus_, 64
Micropterus brachypterus, 136
Milvago pezoporos, 13
—— montanus, 19
—— ochrocephalus, 13
—— chimango, 14
—— megalopterus, 21
—— leucurus, 15
—— albogularis, 18
Mimus Patagonicus, 60
—— Orpheus, 60
—— parvulus, 63
—— Thenca, 61
—— _saturninus_, 60
—— melanotis, 62
—— trifasciatus, 62
Molothrus niger, 107
_Motacilla Patagonica_, 67
—— _Gracula_, 67
_Mouette cendrèe_, 142
_Muscicapa psalura_, 51
—— _risoria_, 51
—— _mœsta_, 53
—— _nivea_, 53
—— _parulus_, 49
—— _icterophrys_, 53
—— _pyrope_, 55
—— _polyglotta_, 54
—— _Tyrannus_, 43
—— _vittiger_, 54
Muscicapidæ, 42
_Muscipeta albiceps_, 47
Muscisaxicola brunnea, 84
—— nigra, 84
—— mentalis, 83
—— macloviana, 83
Muscivora Tyrannus, 34
Myiobius parvirostris, 48
—— magnirostris, 48
—— albiceps, 47
—— auriceps, 47
Nothura minor, 119
—— perdicaria, 119
—— major, 119
Numenius Hudsonicus, 129
—— brevirostris, 129
Nycticorax violaceus, 128
—— Americanus, 128
_Œnanthe perspicillata_, 51
_L’Onglet_, 97
_Opetiorhynchus rufus_, 64
—— antarcticus, Anat. Descript. of, 149
—— _lanceolatus_, 68
—— nigrofumosus, 68
—— antarcticus, 67
—— Patagonicus, 67
—— vulgaris, Anat. Descript. of, 149
—— Patagonicus, Anat. Descript. of, 150
—— vulgaris, 66
—— _rupestris_, 67
Oreophilus totanirostris, 125
_Oriolus flavus_, 107
—— _cayennensis_, 106
—— _ruber_, 109
_Ornismya Kingii_, 110
—— _tristis_, 111
_Orpheus Thenca_, 61
—— _melanotis_, 62
—— _trifasciatus_, 62
—— _Patagonicus_, 60
—— _modulator_, 60
—— _parvulus_, 63
—— _calandria_, 60
_Ortyx Falklandica_, 117
Otus Galapagoensis, 32
—— palustris, 33
_Oxyurus ornatus_, 81
—— dorso-maculatus, 82
—— tupinieri, 81
Pachyramphus albescens, 50
—— minimus, 51
Palmipedes, 134
_Parulus ruficeps_, 79
_Passerina discolor_, 107
—— jacarina, 92
—— _guttata_, 94
Passer Hispaniolensis, 95
—— Jagoensis, 95
_Patagon_, 113
_Pattagonian maccaw_, 113
—— _warbler_, 67
Pelecanoides Berardi, 138
—— Garnotii, 139
_Pelecanus carunculatus_, 145
—— _aquilus_, 146
_Pelidna cinclus_, 131
—— _minutilla_, 131
—— Schinzii, 131
_Le Pepoaza proprement dit_, 54
_Pepoaza variegata_, 55
—— _pyrope_, 55
—— _maritima_, 57
—— _gutturalis_, 56
—— _nivea_, 53
_Perdix Falklandica_, 117
_Perruche_, 112
_Perspicilla leucoptera_, 51
_Petit Bout-de-Petun_, 114
_Petrel échasse_, 141
_Phalacrocorax imperialis_, 145
—— carunculatus, 145
_Phalcobœnus montanus_, 19
Philomachus Cayanus, 127
_Phytotoma Bloxami_, 106
—— _rutila_, 106
—— _silens_, 106
—— rara, Anat. Descript. of, 153
—— rara, 106
_Picazuro_, 115
_Picus campestris_, 113
—— _Chilensis_, 114
—— Kingii, 113
—— _melanocephalus_, 113
_Pigeon rougeatre_, 116
Pipilo personata, 98
Pitylus superciliaris, 97
_Platyurus niger_, 74
Podiceps kalipareus, 136
—— Rollandii, 137
—— Chilensis, 137
Pœcilonitta Bahamensis, 135
Polyborinæ, 9
_Polyborus Galapagoensis_, 23
—— _chimango_, 14
—— Brasiliensis, 9
—— _vulgaris_, 9
—— _albogularis_, 18
—— _chimachima_, 13
Porphyrio simplex, 133
Prion vittatus, 141
_Procellaria oceanica_, 141
—— _Capensis_, 140
—— _Berardi_, 138
—— _vittata_, 141
—— _urinatrix_, 139
—— gigantea, 139
—— glacialoïdes, 140
—— _puffinus_, 137
Progne purpurea, 38
—— modesta, 39
_Psarocolius sericeus_, 107
—— _anticus_, 107
—— _chrysopterus_, 106
—— _flaviceps_, 107
_Psittacara Patachonica_, 113
_Psittacus Patagonus_, 113
—— _murinus_, 112
Pteroptochos albicollis, 72
—— albicollis, Anat. Descript. of, 151
—— Tarnii, 70
—— Tarnii, Anat. Descript. of, 150
—— rubecula, 73
—— megapodius, 71
—— paradoxus, 73
_Ptiloleptus cristatus_, 114
_Puffinuria Berardi_, 138
—— _Garnotii_, 139
Puffinus cinereus, 137
Pyrocephalus, 44
—— parvirostris, 44
—— obscurus, 45
—— nanus, 45
—— dubius, 46
_Pyrgita Jagoensis_, 95
Pyrrhalauda nigriceps, 87
Pyrrhulinæ, 88
Querquedula creccoïdes, 135
—— erythrorhyncha, 135
Rallus Philippensis, 133
—— ypecaha, 133
—— sanguinolentus, 133
_Recurvirostra himantopus_, 130
_Regulus omnicolor_, 86
—— _Byronensis_, 86
Rhea Americana, 120
—— Darwinii, 123
Rhinomya lanceolata, 70
Rhynchaspis maculatus, 135
Rhynchæa semicollaris, 131
—— _Hilairea_, 131
—— _occidentalis_, 131
Rhynchops nigra, 143
_Rhynchotus fasciatus_, 120
—— rufescens, 120
Sarcoramphus gryphus, 3
—— _Condor_, 3
Saurophagus sulphuratus, 43
_Sauteur_, 92
Scansores, 112
_Scolopax melanoleuca_, 130
—— _vociferus_, 130
—— Magellanicus, 131
—— _Hudsonica_, 129
—— Paraguaiæ, 131
—— _Brasiliensis_, 131
_Scytalopus fuscus_, 74
—— Magellanicus, 74
Serpophaga, 48
—— parulus, 49
—— nigricans, 50
—— albo-coronata, 49
—— albo-coronata, Anat. Descript. of, 147
_Siuriri noirátre et jaune_, 53
_Sourciroux_, 58
Spermophila nigrogularis, 88
Spheniscus Humboldtii, 137
_Sphenura ruficeps_, 79
Squatarola fusca, 126
—— cincta, 126
_Sterna aranea_, 145
—— _stolida_, 145
Strepsilas interpres, 132
Strigidæ, 31
Striginæ, 34
_Strix cunicularia_, 31
—— flammea, 34
—— punctatissima, 34
—— _brachyota_, 33
—— _rufipes_, 34
_Sturnella rubra_, 109
—— _militaris_, 110
_Sturnus pyrrhocephalus_, 109
—— _militaris_, 110
Surninæ, 31
_Sylvia Magellanica_, 74
—— _velata_, 87
—— _Bloxami_, 49
—— _macloviana_, 83
—— _nigricans_, 50
—— _Patagonica_, 67
—— dorsalis, 84
—— _perspicillata_, 51
—— _rubrigastra_, 86
Sylvicola aureola, 86
Synallaxis humicola, 75
—— major, 76
—— rufogularis, 77
—— maluroides, 77
—— maluroides, Anat. Descript. of, 152
—— flavogularis, 78
—— brunnea, 78
—— ægithaloides, 79
—— ruficapilla, 79
—— _dorso-maculata_, 82
—— _tupinieri_, 81
_Tachuris omnicolor_, 86
—— _roi_, 86
—— _nigricans_, 50
_Le Petit Tachuris noirâtre_, 50
_Tanagra ruficollis_, 91
—— _Guianensis_, 58
—— _vittata_, 98
—— _canicapilla_, 87
—— _Darwinii_, 97
—— _Bonariensis_, 107
—— _superciliaris_, 97
—— _jacarina_, 92
_Tanagra striata_, 97
Tanagrinæ, 97
_Tantalus Mexicanus_, 129
—— _chalcopterus_, 129
_Tetrao Falklandicus_, 117
Thalassidroma oceanica, 141
Thamnophilinæ, 58
Thamnophilus doliatus, 58
Theristicus melanops, 128
_Tinamus minor_, 119
—— _major_, 119
—— _rufescens_, 120
Tinnunculus Sparverius, 29
Tinochorus rumicivorus, 117
—— rumicivorus, Anat. Descript. of, 155
—— _Eschscholtzii_, 117
_Tisserin des Galapagos_, 105
Tityranæ, 50
_Tœnioptera variegata_, 55
_Totanus semicollaris_, 131
—— fuliginosus, 130
—— flavipes, 129
—— macropterus, 129
—— melanoleucos, 130
—— _solitarius_, 130
_Trichas canicapilla_, 87
—— velata, 87
_Tringa Morinellus_, 132
—— _minutilla_, 131
—— _Urvillii_, 126
—— rufescens, 130
—— _semipalmata_, 128
—— _macroptera_, 129
—— _Schinzii_, 131
Trochilidæ, 110
Trochilus flavifrons, 110
—— forficatus, 110
—— gigas, 111
—— gigas, Anat. Descript. of, 154
Troglodytes Magellanicus, 74
—— Platensis, 75
—— _paradoxus_, 73
_Troupiale à tête jaune_, 107
Turdidæ, 59
Turdus Falklandicus, 59
_Turdus Magellanicus_, 59
_Turdus Thenca_, 61 —— rufiventer, 59 —— _varius_, 64 —— _curæus_, 107 —— _Chochi_, 59 —— _leucomelas_, 59 —— _albiventer_, 59 —— _Orpheus_, 60
Tyranninæ, 42
Tyrannula magnirostris, 48 —— _auriceps_, 47 —— _parvirostris_, 48
_Tyrannus Irupero_, 53 —— _pepoaza_, 54 —— _polyglottus_, 54 —— _nengeta_, 54 —— _magnanimus_, 43 —— _sulphuratus_, 43 —— _gutturalis_, 56 —— _coronatus_, 54 —— _Savana_, 43
Ulula rufipes, 34
Ululinæ, 32
Uppucerthia dumetoria, 66 —— dumetoria, Anat. Descript. of, 148 —— _dumetorum_, 66
_Uppucerthia vulgaris_, 66 —— _rupestris_, 67
_Uppucerthia nigro-fumosa_, 68
_Vanellus cinctus_, 126
Viralva aranea, 145
_Vultur gryphus_, 3 —— _aura_, 8 —— _atratus_, 7 —— _jota_, 7
Vulturidæ, 3
_White-rumped snipe_, 130
Xanthornus chrysopterus, 106 —— flavus, 107
Xema cirrocephalum, 142
Xolmis nengeta, 54 —— coronata, 54 —— variegata, 55 —— Pyrope, 55
_Yahana proprement dit_, 133
_Ypecaha_, 133
_Yellow crested grosbeak_, 88
_Yellow shanks snipe_, 129
_Yetapa psalura_, 51
Zaporina notata, 132 —— spilonota, 132
Zenaida aurita, 115 —— Galapagoensis, 115 —— Boliviana, 116
Zonotrichia strigiceps, 92 —— canicapilla, 91 —— matutina, 91
-----
Footnote 1:
I measured a specimen, which I killed there: it was from tip to tip of wing, eight and a half feet; and from end of beak to end of tail four feet.
Footnote 2:
I noticed that several hours before any of the Condors died, all the lice with which they are infested, crawled to the outside feathers. I was told, that this always happened.
Footnote 3:
In the case of the _Cathartes Aura_, Mr. Owen, in some notes read before the Zoological Society, (See Magazine of Nat. Hist. New Ser. vol. i. p. 638.) has demonstrated from the developed form of the olfactory nerves, that this bird must possess an acute sense of smell. It was mentioned on the same evening, in a communication from Mr. Sells, that on two occasions, persons in the West Indies having died, and their bodies not being buried till they smelt offensively, these birds congregated in numbers on the roof of the house. This instance appears quite conclusive, as it was certain, from the construction of the buildings, that they must have gained the intelligence by the sense of smell alone, and not by that of sight. It would appear from the various facts recorded, that carrion-feeding hawks possess both senses, in a very high degree.
Footnote 4:
Voyage dans l’Amérique Méridionale, vol. iii. p. 24.
Footnote 5:
In this work, whenever the particular name of any colour is given, or it is placed within commas, it implies, that it is taken from comparison with Patrick Syme’s edition of Werner’s Nomenclature of Colours.
Footnote 6:
_Mileago Chimango_ of this work.
Footnote 7:
Novorum Actorum Academiæ Cæsariæ, Leopol. vol. xvi. p. 62. Observationes Zoologicas, F. J. Meyenii.
Footnote 8:
Tom. iii. p. 162.
Footnote 9:
Voyage dans l’Amérique Meridionale Partie, Oiseaux, p. 52.
Footnote 10:
Perhaps to this genus belong _Muscicapa thamnophiloides_ and _cinerea_, figured by Spix, in his Aves, pl. 26. f. 1 and 2. _G. R. Gray._
Footnote 11:
Molina, in his account of Chile, attributes this nest, I believe, through an error, to _Mimus thenca_.
Footnote 12:
Journal of Researches during the Voyage of the Beagle, p. 60.
Footnote 13:
This genus, and the following sub-genera, were named by Mr. Gould at a meeting of the Zool. Soc. Jan. 10 1837, p. 4. of Proceedings.
Footnote 14:
Remarks on the Plumage of Birds, Charlsworth’s Mag. of Nat. History, vol. i. p. 480.
Footnote 15:
Fauna Borealis, Birds, p. 278. Dr. Richardson states that the egg is only seven lines and a half in length. I presume the measure of eight lines, instead of twelve to the inch, must in this case have been used. I am much indebted to the kindness of Mr. Yarrell for lending me an egg of the _Molothrus pecoris_, forming part of a collection of North American eggs in his possession.
Footnote 16:
Wilson’s American Ornithology, vol. ii. p. 162.
Footnote 17:
Magazine of Zoology and Botany, vol. i. p. 217.
Footnote 18:
See Azara, vol. iii. p. 170.
Footnote 19:
It appears that the eggs in the same nest with that of the _Molothrus pecoris_, are turned out by the parent birds before they are hatched, owing to the egg of the _M. pecoris_ being hatched in an unusually short time; in the case of the young cuckoo, as is well known, the young bird itself throws out its foster-brothers. Mr. C. Fox, however, (Silliman’s American Journal, vol. xxix. p. 292), relates an instance of three young sparrows having been found alive with a Molothrus.
Footnote 20:
Humboldt, Pers. Narr. vol. v.