CHAPTER XIV. Pages 489-538

Progress of shipping—_Thetis_, West Indiaman—A “Free-trader”—Internal economy—Provisioning and manning—Shipping the crew—Crimps and agents—Duties on departure of ship—Watches—Duties of the Master—Who has control over navigation—Making and shortening sail—Tacking, etc.—Ordinary day’s work, how arranged—Right of the Master over the cabin—Authority and usages in the English, Dutch, and Prussian marine—Danish and Norwegian system—Duties of Chief Mate—His duties in port—Tacking “’bout ship”—Reefing topsails—Log-book—Mate successor in law to the Master—Mode of address to Chief and Second Mates—Duties of Second Mate—Ordinary day’s work—Care of spare rigging—Stores—Third Mate—His general duties—Carpenter—Sail-maker—Steward—Cook—Able seamen, their duties—Division of their labour—Duties of ordinary seamen—Boys or apprentices—Bells—Helm—“Tricks” at the helm—Relieving duty—Orders at the wheel—Repeating of orders at wheel—Conversation not allowed while on duty—Colliers.

APPENDICES.

PAGE

Appendix No. 1 541

Appendix No. 2 555

Appendix No. 3 557

Appendix No. 4 559

Appendix No. 5 561

Appendix No. 6 563

Appendix No. 7 564

Appendix No. 8 570

Appendix No. 9 572

Appendix No. 10 576

Appendix No. 11 578

Appendix No. 12 583

Appendix No. 13 585

Appendix No. 14 586

Appendix No. 15 588

Index 593

[Illustration:

THE LIVERPOOL AND BIRKENHEAD DOCKS.

_Published by Sampson Low, Marston, Low & Searle, Crown Buildings 188 Fleet Street, London._

_Engraved by Edw^d. Weller. Red Lion Square_]

MERCHANT SHIPPING.