CHAPTER XIX.

THE NEW INFLUENCES: WESTERN SCIENCE AND COMMERCIALISM.

Great spread of Western education--Euclid and Political Economy at Tuticorin--Schools and Colleges throughout India--Cricket and golf--Young India--“We are all Agnostics now”--Similar spread of Commercialism--Interior of a cotton-mill at Bombay--Large profits, conditions of labor--Numerous trading posts and clerkships--The National Indian Congress--Its ideals and influence-- Disliked by the British--The social gulf again--Our future in India--The break-up of village life--Problem of pauperism, Sir Henry Maine--Incongruity of Commercialism with the genius of India--Probable ascendancy of the former for a time--But only for a time 345–363

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE SEASHORE NEAR COLOMBO _Frontispiece_

CINGHALESE MAN 14

A JAFFNA TAMIL 15

JINRICKSHAW 17

CINGHALESE GIRL 19

KALUA 27

PLOUGHING IN THE RICE-FIELDS 32

BUDDHIST LIBRARIAN-PRIEST 34

KANDY, GENERAL VIEW 36

NATIVE HUT 42

NATIVE STREET, WITH SHOPS 47

VEDDAHS, ABORIGINES OF CEYLON 56

RICE-BOATS ON THE KALUGANGA 76

GROUP OF TAMIL COOLIES 80

TAMIL GIRL PLUCKING TEA 83

BULLOCK-HACKERY, OR LIGHT CART 87

CINGHALESE COUNTRY-CART 92

JETAWANARÁMA DÁGOBA 98

THUPARÁMA DÁGOBA 104

A RUINED BATHING-TANK, ANURÁDHAPURA 108

SMALL GUARDIAN FIGURE, BUDDHIST SCULPTURE 113

A TAMIL MAN 119

NAUTCH GIRL 129

GREAT PAGODA AT TANJORE 208

TEMPLE AT TANJORE, GENERAL VIEW 211

TEMPLE AND TANK AT MYLAPORE 224

CHUNDI CHURN B. 240

PANNA LALL B. 243

WOMAN PLAYING SÍTAR 248

THE GHAUTS AT BENARES 260

THE DEWAN KHAS AT DELHI 283

THE JUMMA MUSJID AT DELHI 285

MARBLE SCREEN-WORK 289

THE TAJ AT AGRA 291

STREET IN BOMBAY, NATIVE QUARTER 300

PARSEE WOMAN 302

PARSEE MERCHANTS 304

THE GREAT CAVE AT ELEPHANTA 311

PANEL SCULPTURE, SIVA AND PARVATI 314

INTERIOR SHRINE AT ELEPHANTA 316

SIDE-CAVE, ELEPHANTA 322

CEYLON

[Illustration: SEASHORE NEAR COLOMBO.

(_Outrigged canoe in foreground._)]

FROM ADAM’S PEAK TO ELEPHANTA.