Part 67

1706. Battle of Turin; the French under count Marisin defeated by prince Eugene, with the loss of 2,000 killed, and all their baggage and ammunition, and the military chest.

1736. The door of the Tolbooth, of Edinburgh, burnt, and John Porteus, who had been sentenced to death, but reprieved by the queen, taken out of jail by a mob, and hanged on a lamp post.

1760. Montreal surrendered to the English. By the reduction of this place, Gen. Amherst completed the conquest of Canada, and the subversion of the French empire in North America, which was added to the British possessions.

1772. An unprecedented rain and consequent flood happened in Inverary, Scotland.

1776. GEORGE SMITH, an eminent English landscape painter and author, died.

1779. JOHN ARMSTRONG, a celebrated Scottish poet, died.

1783. LEONARD EULER, a Swiss mathematician, died. He possessed great erudition, and was perfect master of ancient mathematical literature; and had the history of all ages and nations, even to the minutest facts, ever present to his mind.

1784. ANN LEE, known by the appellation of the "elect lady," or mother of Zion, and head of the sect called Shakers, died at Nisqueunia, near Albany, N. Y.

1798. PETER FREDERICK SUHM, an eminent Danish historian and miscellaneous writer, died. His histories form 16 quarto volumes, and his other works 15 vols.

1799. JOHN INGENHOUZ, an eminent Belgian natural philosopher, died in England. His chemical discoveries were applied to medical and agricultural improvements.

1799. PETER CHARLES LE MONNIER, a celebrated French astronomer, died. He was one of those who made the journey to the north in 1785, for the admeasurement of the globe.

1805. THOMAS BUTLER died; he was a brave officer in the American revolutionary army, but refusing to comply with the general order, to cut the hair close to the head, he was involved in much difficulty with general Wilkeson.

1807. Copenhagen surrendered to the British after a long bombardment, in which six thousand were killed and wounded, and 1,800 houses destroyed.

1811. PETER SIMON PALLAS, a distinguished writer of Prussia, died. He accompanied empress Catherine's famous expedition to Siberia, for the observation of the transit of Venus, &c. He was subsequently tutor to the grand dukes Alexander (afterwards emperor) and Constantine.

1812. Battle of Borodino; the Russian army consisted of 120,000, and the French had an equal number. There were also 500 cannon employed by each. The slaughter was dreadful; of one of the Russian divisions that mustered 30,000 in the morning, only 8,000 survived. These had fought in close order under a fire of 80 cannon. It is computed that not less than 30,000 Russians, and 50,000 French were killed; and night found either army on the ground they had occupied at day break.

1820. Great solar eclipse in England.

1827. Abo, the capital of Finland, nearly destroyed by fire. Only 800 volumes of the public library escaped destruction, and nearly 100 persons perished.

1831. Warsaw captured by the Russians under Paskiewitch after two days' fighting. Russian loss estimated at 20,000.

1833. HANNAH MORE, a celebrated English authoress, died, aged 88. Her works are very numerous, by which she realized upwards of $140,000.

1836. JOHN POND, an eminent English astronomer, died. He was named by Dr. Maskelyne as the fittest man to succeed him as astronomer royal, which office he held during 25 years with consumate ability.

1838. WILLIAM COLFAX, an officer of the revolution, died. He was one of the life guards of Washington, and supposed to have been the last survivor of that corps.

1839. ANDREW HALLIDAY died; a Scottish medical and historical writer of merit.

1847. Letters from St. Petersburgh of the 7th Sept. state, that that city has been visited with the most terrific storm of wind and rain ever experienced within the memory of the oldest inhabitant. It rained incessantly for forty-eight hours, whilst the wind blew with intense violence. The result of this visitation was the destruction of above 400 houses. At one period fears were entertained for the safety of the entire city, and some timid and superstitious persons apprehended the end of the world was at hand.

1850. The bill admitting California as a state and Utah as a territory of the United States, passed the house of representatives.

1851. LEVI WOODBURY, an American statesman, died at Portsmouth, N. H., aged 64.

1855. The first Hebrew temple in the Mississippi valley was consecrated at St. Louis.

1855. LEONARD MAELZEL, the inventor of several musical and automatic instruments, and who exhibited the famous chess player in this country, died at Vienna, aged 79.

SEPTEMBER 8.

70. Jerusalem taken by TITUS after a most obstinate resistance on the part of the inhabitants. More than 1,000,000 are said to have perished.

1636. Harvard college founded at Cambridge, Mass.

1644. FRANCIS QUARLES, a celebrated English poet, died.

1650. The princess ELIZABETH, daughter of the unfortunate Charles, died at Carisbrook castle in the isle of Wight, aged 15.

1656. JOSEPH HALL, "the first professed English satirist," died. He was bishop of Norwich, and acquired the title of the Christian Seneca. He is universally allowed to have been a man of great wit and learning.

1664. The colony of New York surrendered to the English.

1705. According to De Foe, it was on this day that the apparition of Mrs. Veal appeared to Mrs. Bargrave, at Canterbury, to say that _Drelincourt on Death_ was the very best book on that subject.

1755. Battle of lake George, between the English under colonel Johnson and the French and Indians under baron Dieskau. The French force was nearly 2,000; that of the provincials greatly superior. A detachment of 1,000 men and 200 Indians which were sent out from the fort were ambuscaded and narrowly escaped destruction. A grand attack was then made on the fort by the French regulars, the Canadians and Indians being employed on the English flanks. After a battle of four hours, the enemy was compelled to retreat in disorder, and were pursued by a party from the camp, which fell on their rear and precipitated their flight. Dieskau was taken prisoner, and the remnant of his army completely routed by a detachment of 200 New Hampshire militia, from fort Edward, who had been sent to the assistance of the main army. The loss of the provincials was 327 killed and wounded--that of the enemy about 600. King Hendrik killed here.

1756. The Indian village of Kettaning, in Pennsylvania, destroyed by the colonists under colonel Armstrong. The Indians had fortified their village and provided a supply of powder for 10 years, and great quantities of arms and merchandise. The place was surprised, the chief, colonel Jacobs, killed, and as the Indians refused to accept quarter, they were exterminated. This affair was of so great importance that the authorities caused a silver medal to be struck on the occasion.

1757. The duke of CUMBERLAND in behalf of England signed the convention of Closter Seven, by which the electorate of Hanover was left in the hands of the French and the whole army consisting of 40,000 Hessians, Brunswickers, &c., disarmed.

1760. Canada surrendered to the British at Montreal under lord Amherst. This was hailed with universal joy by the colonies, as the end of the cruel wars and bloody massacres which had hung over their towns and plantations nearly a century, in which the French and Indians had been uniformly the aggressors, and had vied with each other in murder, barbarity and rapine. Under the brief repose which followed the colonies rapidly increased in number and wealth, till the gigantic struggle for independence again plunged the country in scenes of desolation and ruin, in which the British armies in a degree emulated the French and Indian foe.

1761. BERNARD FOREST DE BELIDOR, a Spanish mathematician, died at Paris. He wrote on fortifications and engineering, several valuable works.

1772. The first court of general quarter sessions of the peace for the county of Tryon was held at Johnstown, so called after sir Wm. Johnson; Guy Johnson, judge.

1775. JOHN LEYDEN, afterwards a poet and famed oriental scholar, was born at Denholm, Roxburghshire.

1781. Battle of Eutaw Springs; the British regulars, 2,000 in number, under colonel Stewart, were defeated by the Americans under general Greene, 1,400 regulars and 500 militia. British loss in killed, wounded and prisoners about 1,000; American loss about 500. This battle closed the war in South Carolina.

1782. Tremendous cannonade and bombardment from Gibraltar with red hot balls and carcasses, upon the Spanish besiegers. Two floating batteries were consumed.

1793. The British under the duke of York raised the siege of Dunkirk, in France, defended with great bravery and resolution by Hoche.

1794. Battle of Brescia; the Poles defeated by the Russians under Suwarrow, with the loss of 8,000 men, and their whole park of artillery.

1795. A monument by FLAXMAN to the memory of Collins, the poet, was set up at Chichester, England.

1797. RICHARD FARMER died; a celebrated scholar and critic. He is noted for a single work, his _Essay on the Learning of Shakspeare_, in which he maintains that the bard obtained his knowledge of ancient history and mythology from translations and not from original classic authors. It is probably the best commentary which has been produced.

1798. The first number of the _Allgemeine Zeitung_ (General Gazette) published at Augsburg, in Bavaria. Under the charge of baron Cotta, it is probably the most celebrated newspaper in the world. It has correspondents in all countries of Europe, and in America.

1798. Battle of Standtz, in Switzerland. The hardy mountaineers defended their homes against the French with clubs, spears and fragments of rock; but were forced to retire before the regular artillery and muskets of their enemy, their beautiful valley was destroyed by fire, and neither age nor sex spared by the furious soldiery.

1804. Great storm at Savannah, by which the city suffered to an immense amount in damages to buildings and other property, as well as loss of life. The storm extended to a considerable distance, carrying destruction with it in every quarter.

1817. JOHN CARTER, an eminent English antiquary, draftsman and critic, died. He was many years a laborious contributor to the _Gentleman's Magazine_.

1837. SAMUEL EGERTON BRIDGES, an English nobleman, died near Geneva, in Switzerland. He was a man of considerable talents and learning, and a voluminous writer in various branches of literature, but possessed of a most unhappy temper and disposition.

1838. BENJAMIN BOOTH ROYD, pastor of the independent church, Huddersfield, England, died. He was a lively example of piety and a life of industry.

1846. GEORGE MIFFLIN BACHE, lieutenant commanding United States brig Washington, died at sea off cape Hatteras. His hopes of thoroughly exploring the Gulf stream were thus cut off.

1847. Battle of El Molino del Rey, in Mexico, where many a brave American fell.

1847. MARTIN SCOTT fell at the battle of Molino del Rey. In early life he was one of the sharp shooters among the _Green Mountain Boys_, and it is storied of him that so unerring was his aim that a nail driven partway into a board, he could drive home by his bullet.

1849. AMARIAH BRIGHAM, a distinguished physician, died at Utica, New York, aged 51. He was superintendent of the State asylum for the insane.

1852. MARK H. SIBLEY, an eminent lawyer, died at Canandaigua, New York, aged 56. He had distinguished himself at the bar, in the state assembly and in congress, and on the bench.

1853. The first chamber in Holland adopted the much disputed law on religious liberty by a vote of 22 to 16.

1854. A violent storm at Charleston, South Carolina, which continued forty-eight hours, overflowing the wharves and damaging the shipping.

1855. ROBERT MULLER, a celebrated pianist and composer, died at Edinburgh, Scotland.

1855. WILLIAM HOLLAND DANIEL CUDDY, an experienced and efficient British officer, killed in the attack on the Redan, at Sebastopol, aged 41. He had served in India until 1841, and afterwards with distinction in the Chinese war.

1855. The allies having kept up an _infernal_ fire upon the fortress of Sebastopol during three days and nights, attacked the works in three columns, and captured the Malakoff, whereupon the Russians blew up the remaining forts upon the south side of the city, sunk and destroyed their vessels, and under cover of the explosions and of the night, retreated to the north side of the city over a bridge recently constructed, leaving a large number of guns, and a vast amount of military stores in the hands of the victors, who lost 2,019 killed, and about 7,500 wounded and missing.

SEPTEMBER 9.

905. OLGA, princess of Russia, received with great pomp and ceremony at Constantinople by the emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus. The baptism and nomination of the empress Helena, established the era of Russian Christianity.

1087. WILLIAM I (_the Conqueror_), king of England, died in consequence of a fall from his horse, near Rouen, in France. He invaded England from Normandy, 1066, and having defeated Harold, who was slain at the battle of Hastings, was crowned king.

1513. Battle of Flodden, in Scotland, among the Cheviot hills. The Scots were defeated with the loss of 5,000 killed. Admiral Howard reported 10,000 Scots that fell in the field and pursuit. The English are supposed to have lost about an equal number, but among their slain were no persons of note. The heroic king James was struck down by an arrow a spear's length from the feet of Surrey, the English general.

1576. TITIAN (_Tiziano Vezellio_), the Italian painter, died of the plague, aged 96.

1583. HUMPHREY GILBERT, on his return from a voyage of discovery to America, was foundered at sea in a violent storm when every person perished.

1607. POMPONE DE BELLIEVRE, an eminent French statesman, died. He enjoyed the favor of princes and the reward of office, and in turn was disgraced.

1609. HENRY HUDSON arrived in New York harbor, which perceiving to be a good one for all winds, the ship rode all night.

1654. PETER STUYVESANT, with 700 men, approached the Swedish settlements on the Delaware. They were all reduced without bloodshed. (See Sept. 16.)

1677. About twenty Indians who had descended Connecticut river, fell upon Hatfield as the people were raising a house, killed and captured about twenty, among the latter some women and children. On their return the same day they halted at Deerfield, where several people were employed in rebuilding their houses. But being discovered, their mischief was confined to killing one and capturing two. These people were just returned to their farms which had been laid waste the year before. They were soon compelled again to abandon them.

1681. JOHN FOSTER, the first Boston printer, died, aged 33. He graduated at Harvard, 1667, and it having been permitted to "have a printing presse elsewhere than at Cambridge," it was put under his charge.

1689. The famous treaty of partition was signed at the river Kerbechi, between China and Russia.

1703. CHARLES DE ST. DENIS EVREMOND, a French nobleman, died in England, aged 95. He signalized himself by his valor in the army, and was equally eminent for his literary talents.

1734. An eagle whose expanded wings from tip to tip measured nine feet eight inches, was taken at Charlton, in Kent, England.

1770. BERNARD SIEGFRIED ALBINUS, an eminent Dutch anatomist, died, aged 88. He surpassed all his predecessors in the science of anatomy, and published 3 folio volumes of plates to illustrate the human body.

1771. ROBERT WOOD, an English traveler and writer, died.

1776. United States first so called.

1781. British colonel STEWART destroyed a great quantity of his stores and abandoned Eutaw springs. He left 1000 stand of arms and 70 wounded men.

1782. Grand attack on Gibraltar by the Spaniards, from a floating battery of 64 heavy cannon, and their whole lines, together with 60 mortars and their shipping, which was continued during the whole day.

1790. Action off Codgia bay, between the Turkish and Russian fleets, which was begun the day previous, and ended in the defeat of the Turks, who lost two ships taken, and one in which was the admiral, blown up, and the admiral alone escaped death.

1792. CHARLES XAVIER JOSEPH FRANQUEVILLE D'ABANCOURT, minister of Louis XVI, perished at the massacre of the Orangery.

1797. Three men were suffocated in one of the famed Meux's brewvats at London, not having first used the precaution to let down a lighted candle.

1801. GILBERT WAKEFIELD died; an eminent English polemical and classical writer.

1806. JOHN BRAND, an English antiquary, died. He was originally a shoemaker; but found means to acquire a liberal education and left several valuable works.

1814. Captain MCGLASSIN with 50 Americans, forded the Saranac and reconnoitered the British works, drove in a party of 150 men, attacked and carried their battery, killed their commanding officer and 16 men, and having destroyed their works, returned with the loss of 1 wounded and 3 missing.

1814. British navy with a detachment of troops, 150 sailors and 250 Indians, captured the United States schooners Tigress and Scorpion, near St. Joseph, Michigan.

1816. KILIAN VAN RENSSELAER, a general in the revolutionary army, died at Albany. He embarked early in defence of his country; in 1777 was attacked by a large body of Indians at fort Anne, where he was wounded in the thigh by a ball, which was extracted after his death, having been carried 39 years.

1824. An expedition, fitted out at Rangoon in Burmah, consisting of English and native troops to the number of 1,000, took the town of Tavoy, a place of considerable strength, with 10,000 fighting men, and many mounted guns. The viceroy of the province and many persons of distinction were among the prisoners. A new state carriage for the king of Ava, a magnificent vehicle surpassing anything of the kind in Europe in splendor and costly material, was taken, and conveyed to England.

1830. WILLIAM BULMER, an English printer, whose name is associated with all that is beautiful in printing, died.

1839. Second fire at Mobile (the first being on the 7th), by which the best part of the city was laid in ruins.

1839. The United States Bank of Pennsylvania refused to pay its liabilities, and all the banks in Philadelphia immediately suspended specie payments. The whole number of banks in the Union was 959; of which 343 suspended entirely, 62 in part, 493 did not suspend, and 56 never resumed.

1846. Magnetic telegraph between Albany and New York completed; by means of which New York and Buffalo were brought together also.

1848. Great conflagration at Brooklyn, New York; about 200 houses burnt, and property destroyed amounting to $750,000.

1851. THOMAS H. GALLAUDET, an American philanthropist, died at Hartford, Ct., aged 64. He opened the first establishment in this country for the education of deaf mutes at Hartford, in 1817, and devoted a large part of his active and most useful life to this work of benevolence.

1851. The funeral obsequies of the Spaniards and Cubans who fell in the contests with the forces of Lopez, was celebrated with great pomp at the cathedral in Havana; $70,000 were subscribed by the citizens for the benefit of their widows and children.

1852. J. D. BELIN, consul for Belgium and Switzerland, died at New Orleans.

1853. The remnant of the famous table rock at Niagara falls broke off and tumbled into the abyss with a tremendous crash.

1854. ANGELO MAI, an Italian cardinal, died at Albano, aged 72. He was chief librarian of the Vatican, and a learned correspondent of the academies at Paris and Munich; but is better known by his discoveries from palimpsest manuscripts, which were published in two collections of 10 volumes each.

SEPTEMBER 10.

954. LOUIS IV, king of France, killed by a fall from his horse, at the age of 38.

1167. MATILDA, of England, empress of Germany, died. She was the daughter of Henry I of England, married Henry IV of Germany, and was afterwards acknowledged queen of England; but her conduct not suiting the nobles, she was deposed and Stephen placed on the throne.

1543. The small remains of the army which had sailed from Cuba in 1539 (see May 18) under de Soto, for the conquest of Florida, arrived at Panuco on their return. This great expedition ended in the poverty and ruin of all concerned in it. Not a Spaniard remained in Florida.

1547. Conspiracy of Placentia, when Peter Louis Farnese, son of pope Paul III, was assassinated. The place was taken by the conspirators and delivered to the troops of the emperor Charles V before daylight next morning.

1547. Battle of Pinkey, in Scotland; the English under the protector Somerset, defeated the Scots under the earl of Arran, and obtained one of the most finished victories on record. The Scots lost 10,000 men.

1604. WILLIAM MORGAN, bishop of Asaph, formerly of Landaff, died. He directed and superintended the translation of the scriptures into Welsh.

1621. King JAMES gave sir William Alexander a patent of the whole territory of Acadia, by the name of Nova Scotia. It was erected into a palatinate, to be holden as a fief of the crown of Scotland. An unsuccessful attempt was soon after made to effect a settlement, and he sold it to the French in 1630. Twenty years afterwards three thousand families settled there from New England.

1649. PETER GOUDELIN, a poet of Gascony, died. He was so celebrated that he acquired the title of the Homer of Gascony.

1691. EDWARD POCOCKE died; a most learned English critic and commentator, and famous particularly for his great skill in the oriental languages.

1714. An agreement between the Van Hoorn or Berbice company, and the Dutch East India company, to furnish the former annually after this day, 240 negroes from Angola, or Ardrah (one-third to be females), at 165 florins a head.

1730. GUICHARD JOSEPH DU VERNEY died; professor of anatomy at Paris, of great celebrity.

1738. THOMAS SHERIDAN, an Irish divine and poet, died. He published a prose translation of _Perseus_.

1752. JOHN BAPTIST BERTRAND died; a French physician, known for his interesting account of the plague of Marseilles.

1759. Second action off Pondicherry, between the British fleet, admiral Pococke, and the French under admiral d'Auché. British loss 164 killed, 385 wounded. A deserter reported the French loss to have been 1500 killed and wounded.

1771. Birthday of MUNGO PARK, a celebrated Scottish adventurer. He twice attempted the discovery of the course and outlet of the Niger, so long a source of conjecture with geographers, in the second of which he lost his life in the 35th year of his age.

1779. Indian village of Canandaigua burnt.

1781. Count D'ESTAING returned with his fleet to the Chesapeake, and captured two British frigates of 32 guns each.

1782. The firing on Gibraltar from the isthmus continued by the Spaniards, at the rate of 6,500 cannon shot, and 1,080 shells in every 24 hours.

1785. Treaty of amity and commerce between the United States and Prussia.

1791. A great insurrection among the negroes in St. Domingo, attributed to the new opinions of liberty and equality, called in Paris _L'Ami des Noirs_.

1797. MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT GODWIN died; a lady of very superior literary accomplishments, who distinguished herself by many able productions, and the peculiarity of her views.

1802. A lunar rainbow observed at Mattock, in Derbyshire, England.

1806. JOHN CHRISTOPHER ADELUNG, a German professor at Erfurt, died; author of a grammatical and critical dictionary of the German language, in 5 vols. quarto. He was never married, and it was said of him that his writing desk was his wife, and the 70 volumes which he wrote were his children. His wine cellar, which was unique, he called his _bibliotheca selectissima_.

1809. AUGUSTUS LOUIS VON SCHLOETZER, a German historian, died. He wrote a _History of Lithuania_, &c.