Part 80

1327. JAMES II (_the Just_), king of Arragon, died, aged 65; deservedly regretted for his moderation, courage, benevolence and magnanimity. He conquered Sicily, and waged a long war against the Moors and the people of Navarre. He had the good fortune to unite Valencia and Catalonia to his crown.

1369. That famous code of Godfrey, called the _Assize of Jerusalem_, restored by John d'Ibilen, count of Jaffa, was finished under the revision of sixteen native commissioners for the use of the Latin kingdom of Cyprus.

1493. COLUMBUS, on his second voyage to the new world, descried land, which in honor of the day he called Dominica.

1580. Sir FRANCIS DRAKE returned from his voyage round the world.

1603. HENRY IV of France granted to Pierre du Gast, sieur de Monts, a patent of the American territory, from the 40th to the 46th degree of north latitude, with power to colonize and rule it, and to subdue and Christianize its native inhabitants; and the exclusive right to the commerce of peltry in Acadie and the gulf of St. Lawrence.

1611. ANTONIO PEREZ, a distinguished Spanish statesman and author, died at Paris, where he retired when disgraced at the court of Spain. He twice escaped the inquisition, and even eluded the emissaries sent to murder him, but although highly esteemed by the learned men of France and England, he died miserably poor.

1640. The long parliament of England began; Wm. Lenthal was chosen speaker.

1643. JOHN BAINBRIDGE died at Oxford; a physician and astronomer of high reputation.

1669. CHARLES DRELINCOURT, a French Calvinistic divine, died. His _Consolations against the Fear of Death_ have passed through numerous editions, and been translated into several languages.

1680. The great comet of this year approached so near the earth as in many places to occasion no small alarm.

1710. LUKE ROTGANS, a Dutch poet, died. After being engaged two years in the wars of Holland he retired to his country seat to devote himself to poetry.

1739. CHARLES JERVAS, an English painter, died. He is immortalized more by Pope's panegyric than by his own pictures.

1741. BEHRING wrecked on the island which bears his name.

1760. Battle of Torgau; the Austrians under Daun defeated by Frederick II of Prussia, with the loss of 20,000 men, 8,000 of whom were taken. Prussian loss 13,000.

1762. The remarkable peace between England and France was signed at Fontainebleau.

1771. First newspaper printed in Albany, N. Y.

1771. An attempt was made by count Pulaski and some other Polish nobleman to carry off Stanislaus Augustus, the king. They took him prisoner, but after wandering about all night, in the morning they found themselves near where they set out, and were obliged to liberate their captive.

1774. GLOUCESTER RIDLEY, an eminent English divine, died. He commenced life as an actor.

1775. St. Johns surrendered to the Americans. General Carleton in attempting to cross the St. Lawrence with 800 men, was attacked by 300 Green Mountain boys under colonel Warren and compelled to retire; which induced the garrison to capitulate. They found 17 brass and 22 iron cannons, 2 howitzers, 7 mortars, 800 stand of arms, &c.

1775. VALENTINE JAIMERAI DUVAL, an extraordinary French character, died. He at first gained his subsistence by watching poultry and sheep; but by perseverance and labor he obtained books and maps, became one of the most learned men of his time, and enjoyed the patronage of princes and the notice of the learned.

1787. ROBERT LOWTH, an eminent English bishop, died; known by his translation of Isaiah, "the sublimest poetry in the world."

1793. MARY OLYMPE DE GOUGES, a French authoress, guillotined. Becoming disgusted with the brutalities of the revolutionists, she turned her pen against them, and fell a victim to their vengeance.

1797. WILLIAM ENFIELD, an eminent English dissenting minister died; known by many ingenious and useful publications.

1812. Battle near Wiazma; the French under Ney, Davoust, and Beauharnois defeated by the Russians with the loss of 6,000 killed, and 3,500 taken prisoners, and 28 cannon. Of the wounded French, all who fell must have unquestionably perished, as in the night the Russian winter set in, with a degree of iron severity almost unknown to the oldest inhabitants; on the following morning all was buried under a deep, wide waste of snow.

1832. JOHN LESLIE died; an eminent Scottish chemist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, inventor of the differential thermometer, and author of various scientific works. He rose from humble life, and received the honor of knighthood for his acquirements.

1834. DR. HORNER, died at Zurich, Switzerland. He accompanied Krusenstern in his first Russian voyage round the world, and wrote the _Natural History of Russia_.

1839. CARTER BERKLEY, an eminent Virginia physician, aged 72, died while feeling the pulse of a dying patient. He was a lineal descendant of sir William Berkley, and an excellent character.

1840. St. Jean d'Acre bombarded by the allied British and Turkish fleets. The firing commenced at half past 2 P. M., and ceased at 6. The magazine, containing 500 barrels of powder, was blown up, over which about 2,000 soldiers were stationed, who were nearly all buried in the ruins. The number of killed in the town is unknown; loss of the British and allies 18 killed and 42 wounded. The Egyptians evacuated the place on the following morning, and it was possessed by the conquerors, who found 121 mounted guns and 20 mortars on the walls, and 97 brass field pieces and 97 mortars in store, besides stores of all kinds and the military chest, valued altogether at about one million pounds.

NOVEMBER 4.

1493. COLUMBUS discovered the island of Guadaloupe, the largest of the Carib or Cannibal islands, called by the natives Carucueria. The drinking vessels of this fierce people were formed of human skulls. They here saw the pine apple.

1611. NICHOLAS LE FEVRE (or _Faber_), a learned and ingenious French writer, died. He was more ready to assist others than to appear as an author himself.

1613. EDWARD BREREWORD, a learned English antiquary, died.

1631. Lady MARY, eldest daughter of king Charles I, and subsequently the wife of William prince of Orange, born.

1673. The house of commons, in England, sent for to the house of lords, and prorogued, for addressing the king against a standing army.

1677. The marriage portion of the princess Mary was £40,000. She married the prince of Orange.

1680. JOSEPH GLANVIL, an eminent English divine, died; celebrated for his controversies.

1688. WILLIAM III entered Torbay with 50 sail of the line and 400 transports.

1694. The Hannibal, of London, arrived at Barbadoes with a cargo of negroes. Of 692 captives, 320 died on the passage; the rest, Philips, the master, says, "came out £19 per head, one with another." The official return of the population, four years afterwards was, 2,330 whites, 42,000 slaves.

1698. A colony from Scotland settled at New Edinburgh, on the coast of Darien.

1702. JOHN BENBOW, a brave English admiral, died in the West Indies, after an inglorious defeat, owing to the cowardice of his officers.

1702. EDWARD SHERBURNE, an English writer, died, aged 85. Besides his original works, he translated Seneca's tragedies and other Latin authors.

1713. FRANCIS PETIT DE LA CROIX, a French ambassador, died. He was an expert linguist in Turkish and Arabic, and rendered great services to literature by his dictionaries and other works on those languages.

1749. A ball of fire burst about 40 yards above the British ship Montague, admiral Chambers, knocking down five men, shattering the maintop mast, and otherwise injuring the ship. The ball was first visible about three miles from the ship, at mid-day, and rose before it burst.

1749. At Stoke, in Glocestershire, about 6 P. M., the inhabitants were surprised by a brilliant light surpassing that of the sun. It was seen but for a few minutes.

1764. CHARLES CHURCHILL, an eminent English poet, died. He was endowed with great natural abilities, and his poems, though they have lost something by time, are still preserved from oblivion.

1788. DEBORAH GODFREY died at Stepney, England, aged 80; celebrated as the mother of 34 children, all of whom lived to the age of maturity.

1791. The United States army, 1,400 men, under general St. Clair, defeated by the Indians, near the Miami villages. The Indians made the attack immediately after the soldiers had been dismissed, from the parade, and with so much intrepidity, that most of the officers were killed before they could form their men. The loss of the Americans was 894, being nearly two-thirds of the force. The Indians took 7 cannon, 200 oxen and a great number of horses. Their force was between three and four thousand, and their loss only 56. (Other and more reliable accounts say 1,500 Indians instead of 3,000.)

1793. RICHARD TICKELL, an eminent English writer, was killed by a fall from a window of his apartments.

1794. Praga carried by storm by the Russians under Suwarrow; upon which Warsaw was compelled to surrender, and a massacre of the Poles followed, which issued in blotting out Poland from the nations of Europe.

1797. Earthquake at Quito; nearly 40,000 of the natives perished, either buried under the ruins of their own houses, swallowed up in the crevices of the earth, or drowned in the lakes which were suddenly formed.

1806. GEORGE MASON, an English writer, died. He made a valuable collection of English and foreign literature.

1825. The first boat down the Erie canal, arrived at New York.

1836. CHARLES X, ex-king of France, died at Goritz, in Illyria, an exile. He succeeded Louis XVIII, but lost the throne by his arbitrary measures.

1837. BARON ALBERT died at Paris, aged 70; a celebrated French physician, and author of numerous works in his profession.

1838. Martial law established at Montreal, in consequence of a rebellion against the government, which became general, throughout Canada and caused serious disturbances.

1839. Riot of 10,000 chartists from the mines and colleries, who attacked Newport, England, led on by John Frost, an ex-magistrate. About 20 of the rioters were killed, and Frost taken prisoner.

1845. ELEAZER BLACKMAN, the last survivor of the massacre at Wyoming, died at Hanover, Pa.

1848. The new constitution of France, adopted in the general assembly, by 739 to 30.

1853. LUCIEN B. WEBSTER, a United States officer, died at fort Brown, Texas. He served on the eastern frontier in the time of the Aroostook trouble, and also distinguished himself at Buena Vista.

1853. Battle of Oltenitza, between the Turks and Russians, in which the latter lost 1,200 killed and wounded.

NOVEMBER 5.

1500. COLUMBUS arrived at Cadiz in fetters; when the king and queen, ashamed of the orders they had given, commanded him to be released. Notwithstanding the apologies of his sovereigns, Columbus never forgot this ignominy. He preserved his fetters, hung them up in his apartment, and ordered them to be buried with him.

1548. There fell in Thuringia what is described as a ball of fire, which was attended with a great noise; and a reddish substance like coagulated blood was afterwards found on the ground.

1605. Gunpowder plot discovered; a conspiracy for blowing up the English parliament, headed by Catesby. In the cellar was found 40 barrels of powder and Guy Fawkes.

1607. The famous grace _Non Nobis Domini_, composed by Bird, was first sung, on the second anniversary of the gunpowder plot.

1612. Prince HENRY died, aged 19. His funeral expenses were £16,016, yet his father, king James, would allow no mourning for him.

1630. JOHN KEPLER, a celebrated German astronomer, died. His genius and discoveries have been highly commended; but he maintained some very peculiar notions; among others, that the globe is a huge animal, which breathes out the winds through the holes in the mountains, as through its mouth and nostrils.

1635. THOMAS PARR, an English peasant, died at the age of 152. His habits were extremely temperate, and it is supposed that his death was hastened by a change of diet. JAMES BOWLES died in England in 1656, at the same age.

1678. JOHN BAPTIST NANI, a Venitian nobleman and ambassador, died. He wrote a history of Venice, and an account of his embassy to France.

1690. THOMAS BARTHOLINE died; an eminent professor of law and history at Copenhagen. His three brothers were professors in the same university, and his sister an excellent Danish poetess.

1702. The earl of Marlborough taken by a French party, but not being known, on producing a French pass, he was suffered to escape.

1714. BERNARDIN ROMAZZINI, an Italian physician, died at Padua, aged 81. Although blind he discharged the duties of professor of medicine with great applause in the university.

1732. JAMES OGLETHORPE, with several colonists, embarked for Georgia, in America.

1757. Battle of Rossbach, a village in Prussian Saxony; a decisive victory obtained by Frederick the great over the French and Austrians under Soubise.

1764. CHARLES CHURCHILL, the celebrated English poet, died at Boulogne.

1774. The militia of Virginia, assembled at fort Gower under lord Dunmore, the royal governor, declared their determination to support their countrymen, when called upon, and not the king, if he proceeded to execute the late obnoxious laws by force.

1780. VASILI EVDOKIMOVITCH ADADUROR, a Russian mathematician, died. He instructed Catharine II in the Russian language.

1782. The America, a 74 gun ship, built at Portsmouth, N. H., by order of congress, was launched. This was the first line of battle ship ever built in America.

1798. LEWIS GALVANI, an Italian philosopher, died at Bologna; celebrated as the discoverer of that kind of electricity called, after him, Galvanism. (See Feb. 5, 1799.)

1807. MARIA ANGELICA KAUFFMAN, an eminent French painter, and royal academician in London, died at Rome. She is styled by the Germans, "the painter of the soul;" and her mental acquirements and moral conduct were no less distinguished than her talents as an artist.

1816. GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, an American statesman and orator, died at his seat of Morrisiana, near New York.

1817. CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA, wife of prince Leopold of Coburg, and daughter of George IV of England and queen Caroline, died. The domestic life of the two former is held to be a _pattern_--not so the latter.

1831. PHILIP VAN COURTLAND, an officer of the revolutionary war, died at New York, aged 82.

1839. The British war ships Volage and Hyacinth proceeding to Chumpee in violation of the Chinese proclamation, were approached by 29 Chinese war junks, which they attacked. Six of the junks were sunk or blown up, and upwards of 500 men killed. The English suffered no injury. This was the beginning of the Chinese war.

1840. GEORGE R. T. HEWES, one of the persons who assisted in throwing the tea overboard in Boston harbor in the beginning of the revolution, died at German Flats, aged 106.

1854. GEORGE CATHCART, an eminent British general, killed at the battle of Inkerman, aged 60.

1854. CHARLES KEMBLE, an eminent English comedian, died at London, aged 74; the last surviving brother of this distinguished family.

1854. Battle of Inkerman, in which 50,000 Russians engaged 14,000 British and French. Russians lost about 9,000 besides prisoners; allies lost about 4,000.

1854. By the cholera which prevailed this season, the number of deaths up to this day were: in New York, 2,425; in Philadelphia, 575; in Boston, 255; in Pittsburg, 600.

1855. Battle at the river Ingour; Omar Pasha with 20,000 Turks defeated 10,000 Russians.

NOVEMBER 6.

606 B. C. The memory of the book of Jeremiah torn and burnt by king Jehoiakim, was observed as a fast, on the 6th of the Hebrew month _Caslew_.

63 B. C. CATALINE assembled the conspirators on the evening of this day, to fire the capital and cut off the principal citizens and the senate.

644. OMAR I, the second caliph after Mahomet, assassinated. His reign was signalized by many important events. The most extraordinary success attended the arms of the new religion; 36,000 towns and villages were conquered; the Alexandrian library and 4,000 Christian temples were destroyed; 400 mosques were built, and the ancient canal between the Nile and the Red sea was restored.

1406. Pope INNOCENT VII died.

1457. GUTENBERG ceded to Faust all the moulds, types, presses and utensils of the office, as surety for the sums advanced by the latter to carry on the business of printing and experimenting. The partnership was dissolved, and Gutenberg, with the assistance of Conrad Humery, opened another office in the same city.

1460. JOHN FASTOLFF, a brave English general, died, aged 80. Shakspeare has abused the character of this brave, generous and wealthy man, under the name of Falstaff. It is impossible for two characters to be more at variance than the real and fictitious Falstaff.

1620. RICHARD CAREW, an English antiquary, died. His memory is extravagantly lauded, as another Livy, &c.

1622. King JAMES issued "a proclamation, prohibiting interloping and disorderly trading to New England, in America." This remarkable edict was intended to protect the trade of the colony, but so far from proving beneficial to the company, really brought on its dissolution.

1632. Battle of Lutzen, and death of GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. The imperial troops, 40,000 men, under Wallenstein, were defeated by the Swedes, 27,000, under Gustavus. The famous general Papenheim was mortally wounded.

1644. THOMAS ROE, an English statesman, died. During his residence at the court of Constantinople, he made a valuable collection of manuscripts, which were presented to the Bodleian library.

1656. JOHN IV (_the Fortunate_), of Portugal, died. He undertook the emancipation of his country from the Spanish yoke, in which he was successful and was placed upon the throne.

1656. JOHN BAPTIST MORIN, a celebrated French physician, died. He acquired great reputation as an astrologer, and consulted the stars for Richelieu and Mazarin.

1714. CHARLES DAVENANT, an English writer, died. Besides his works on political economy, his tragedy was received with great applause.

1769. CLAUDE SIMEON PASSEMANT died. He was brought up to a trade in Paris, which he quitted for higher pursuits. Among his ingenious labors, are mentioned an astronomical pendulum with a moving celestial sphere, a burning mirror, and some globes.

1790. JAMES BOWDOIN, governor of Massachusetts, died. He was constantly employed in the public service on the side of his country, and was honored at home and abroad for his literary acquirements.

1792. Battle of Gemappe, in which the French revolutionists under Dumourier, after a bloody action, gained a decisive victory over the Austrians; and a short time after every town in the Netherlands except Luxemburg was in the hands of the French.

1793. LOUIS JOSEPH PHILIP, duke of Orleans, guillotined at Paris. His character and morals were infamous. He gave his vote for the death of the king, an act which shocked even the most abandoned of his friends.

1806. Battle of Lubec; the French under Bernadotte and Soult carried the town by assault. Blucher retreated with the loss of 5,500 prisoners, 5,000 killed and wounded, and 300 wagons.

1813. The American army under general Wilkinson disembarked the whole of the troops and passed Prescott. A heavy cannonade was opened by the British on the flotilla of 300 boats, not one of which was touched, however.

1832. Grand festival in Sweden in honor of Gustavus Adolphus, it being the 200th anniversary of the battle of Lutzen.

1839. WILLIAM B. CONWAY, secretary of Iowa territory, died; well known as a poet, and a man of literary talent and taste.

1840. THOMAS PRINCE, a colored man, died in New York, aged 111. He is said to have been "as quick as a man in the prime of life;" he died suddenly, without sickness.

1842. WILLIAM HONE, the well known author of the _Every Day Book_, died at Tottenham, England. His political satires gave him some distinction.

1852. DANIEL DRAKE, an eminent physician, of Cincinnati, died, aged 67. He published a work on the _Diseases of the Valley of North America_, and earned the reputation of a man of high talent, unsparing labor and prodigal research.

1853. The first presbyterian Chinese church organized at San Francisco.

NOVEMBER 7.

63 B. C. CICERO, with the authority of a consul, summoned the senate to the temple of Jupiter, where it was assembled only in times of public alarm, and delivered his famous invective in the presence of Cataline.

3 B. C. CAIUS CILNIUS MAECENAS the friend and counselor of Augustus, died. To him Virgil dedicated his _Georgics_, and Horace his _Odes_.

1280. The statute in English law called _quo warranto_, passed.

1297. WALLACE granted a protection to the monks of Hexham, for their lives and possessions. "Abide with me, for there alone can you be secure; for my people are evil doers, and I can not punish them."

1492. A marvelous _thunder stone_ fell about mid-day at Ensisheim, in Alsace, which weighed as is learnedly attested, 255 pounds.

1594. MARTIN FROBISHER, the English navigator, wounded at Croyson near Brest, of which he died.

1609. The Half Moon, under Henry Hudson, on her return from the discovery of New York and Albany, arrived at Dartmouth, in England, whence he forwarded tidings of his arrival and an account of his discoveries, to the directors of the East India company at Amsterdam.

1665. The first _Gazette_ in England was published at Oxford, where the court had retired, during the great plague. It was removed to London in the February following, and took the title of _London Gazette_. (Quære.)

1696. Third frame of government of Pennsylvania passed by Gov. Matthews.

1704. ANDREW ACOLUTH (_Acoluthus_), a German linguist of extraordinary acquirements, died.

1724. JOHN KYRLE, the celebrated _Man of Ross_, died, aged 90. He is immortalized by Pope, and more by his own beneficent actions.

1724. The president and vice-president of Thorn, in Poland, sentenced to be beheaded for neglect of duty, it being alleged that they had suffered religionists to riot. The sentences against the protestants were so severe and harsh, that all the protestant powers of Europe interposed for a reversal, but without success.

1752. _The Adventurer_, by Dr. Hawkesworth, appeared.

1775. Lord DUNMORE declared Virginia to be in a state of rebellion; he proclaimed martial law, and invited the slaves to join him.

1783. The last person publicly burned by the Spanish inquisition. This was a woman, who perished at Seville. The victims of that diabolical institution were afterwards doomed to die in dungeons, where the shrieks of agonizing nature could only be heard by those whose interest it was to conceal them.

1794. Nymegen, which had been pronounced by British engineers strong enough to check the irruption of the _sans cullotes_ into Holland, was evacuated by the British and Dutch, who succeeded in crossing the Waal.

1805. LEWIS and CLARK'S party arrived at the mouth of the Columbia river, in sight of the ocean.

1806. The Prussian general BLUCHER, surrendered to the French, with 16,000 men and 80 cannon. This was the last body of the Prussians left after the battle of Jena, and closed all opposition to the views of Bonaparte in Prussia.

1811. Battle of Tippecanoe; the Indians under the Shawnee prophet, brother of Tecumseh, were defeated by the United States troops under Gen. Harrison. The Indians lost 300 killed; American loss, 188 killed and wounded.

1812. Battle of Dorogobouche; the Russians attacked the retreating French army, which, after a desperate and sanguinary contest, retreated to the river Dnieper. The field presented to the victors a continued line of dead and dying, the snow being absolutely blackened with the bodies of man and beast, destroyed by ball or sword, cold or famine.

1814. Pensacola, in Florida, taken by the Americans under Gen. Jackson, who kept possession of it until the Spaniards could obtain a sufficient force to maintain their neutrality from violation by the British.