chapter vii

, the Celtic Doctrine of Re-birth is the scientific extension of Darwin's law as corrected,[634] that alone through traversing the Circle of Life man reaches that destined perfection which natural analogies, life's processes as exhibited by living things, and evolution, suggest, and from which at present man is so far removed. There seems to emerge this postulate: the world is the object of normal consciousness, the Ego or Soul-Monad the object of subconsciousness; and the subconsciousness cannot be realized in the world until through the normal consciousness of man the Ego is able to function completely, and so endow man with full self-consciousness in matter, which endowment seems to be the goal of all planetary evolution.

We conclude that the Otherworld of the Celts and their Doctrine of Re-birth accord thoroughly in their essentials with modern science; and, accordingly, with other essential elements in the complete Celtic Fairy-Faith which we have in the preceding chapter found to be equally scientific, establish our Psychological Theory of the Nature and Origin of that Fairy-Faith upon a logical and solid foundation; and we now submit this study to the judgement of our readers. With more complete evidence in the future, both from folk-lore and from science, there will be, we trust, a better vindication of the Theory, and perhaps finally there will come about its transformation into what it but seems to us to be now--a Fact.

Some beliefs which a century ago were regarded as absurdities are now regarded as fundamentally scientific. In the same way, what in this generation is heretical alike to the Christian theologian and to the man of science may in coming generations be accepted as orthodox.

INDEX

_Adamnan's Vision_, 356.

Aeneas, Journey of, 336-7, 343, 382, 445.

Aengus, 62, 292, 301, 376, 397, 413-4.

---- Cult of, 415 ff., 450.

---- Dun, 2, 41, 416-8.

_Agallamh_, 28, 283 n., 286, 290, 292, 295, 402, 412.

---- _an dá Shuadh_, 344.

Ailill, 288-9, 301, 374-5, 440.

Aine, 79, 80 n., 83, 301.

Alchemists, 240, 244, 261, 276, 296 n.

Alignements, xv, 199 n., 393, 399, 419 ff.: _see_ Archaeology.

All Saints (_La Toussaint_), 439, 453: _see_ _Samain_, and November Day.

Angel, 7, 12, 85, 238, 240-1, 263-4, 267, 272, 374: _see_ Fallen Angels, and St. Michael.

Angels and Science, 481.

Anglesey, 10, 138-9, 141-2.

Animism, 55, 226 ff., 282, 457 ff.: _see_ Dead, and Death.

---- Pre-, 253, 401.

---- Science and, 459 ff.

_Ankou_, 16, 29, 218, 220.

---- Science and, 484.

_Annwn_, 319, 353.

Anthropology, 226-82.

Antrim, 73, 371.

Apollo, 403, 405-6, 421.

Apparitions, Science and, 480, 484 ff.

Aranmore, 2, 4, 40, 416.

Archaeology, xv, 2, 9, 10, 12-5, 31, 52, 78, 81, 118-9, 137 n., 148, 154, 157 n., 163, 165 ff., 172, 179, 210, 221, 234 n., 393, 397-426, 450 n.

Armagh, 74-5, 443.

---- _Book of_, 283 n., 291.

_Art, Voyage of_, 351-2.

Arthur, 9, 10, 12-3, 82 n., 163, 183, 238, 304, 308 ff., 333-4, 353, 381, 429, 437, 441, 447: _see_ Re-birth.

Arthur, Bird, as, 183, 185.

Arthurian Legend, 9, 260, 308 ff.: _see_ Arthur.

Astral Body, 29.

---- Light, 133.

---- Milk, 164.

---- Plane, 167, 171.

---- Spirits, 167, 171.

Avalon, 252, 311, 314-5, 321-4, 330, 347-8, 379, 386.

Bacchus, 28, 80 n.

_Badb_, 302-7, 309 n.

_Ballymote, Book of_, 340 n., 410.

Banshee, 25-6, 81, 99, 220, 304-5, 437-8.

---- Science and, 484.

Baranton, Fountain of, 429.

Bard, 11, 98, 138, 163, 283, 317 n., 365-6, 378.

---- Irish, 344.

_Barddas_, 365-7, 378-9, 515.

Barra, 85, 100 ff.

_Beltene_ (Baaltine), 100 n., 439: _see_ May Day.

Ben Bulbin, 3, 44, 56, 58, 237, 242, 284, 293, 300.

Béroul, 325.

Boron, Robt. de, 325.

Boyne, 2, 34, 292, 410, 412, 415.

Bran, 259, 334.

---- _Voyage of_, 329, 338-40, 373.

Brocéliande, 15, 188, 327, 435.

Brownie, 164-5, 207, 220, 229.

_Bucca_, 164, 175: _see_ Puck.

Cædmon, 240, 243.

Cambrensis, Giraldus, 149 n., 324.

Cardigan, 146, 155, 334, 389.

Ca(e)ridwen, 157 n., 378.

Carmarthen, 147, 149 ff., 390.

---- _Black Book of_, 329.

---- Fall of, 435.

Carnac, xiii, 199 n., 271, 398-9, 407, 418-9, 428.

---- Etymology of, xv.

---- Mystic Centre, as, 13-5, 221.

Carnarvon, 143-4.

_Ceilidh_, Description of, 6.

Changelings, 34, 78, 87, 91, 96, 98, 101, 104, 110, 128, 132, 136-7, 143, 146, 148, 150, 154, 156, 170-1, 177, 179, 182, 198, 204, 210-2, 230, 265, 280-1: _see_ Charms, Fairy.

---- Anthropology and, 244-53.

---- Explanation of, 491.

---- Science and, 487.

Channel Islands, 403, 406-7.

Charms, 42, 49, 171, 176, 258-9: _see_ Exorcism.

---- Fairy, against, 37-8, 49, 58, 87, 91, 95, 97, 112, 124-5, 132, 146, 177, 179, 199, 204, 210, 212, 250, 253, 265, 268, 314.

---- Witchcraft, against, 122.

Chaucer, 326.

Chrétien, 311, 325, 430.

Christabel, 202.

Christian Science and Witchcraft, 261-2.

Christianity, Esoteric, 360 n., 361-2.

---- Fairies and, xvi, 42, 70, 91, 115, 152 n., 153, 168-9, 201, 216, 245, 253, 257, 259, 266-74, 268, 284-5, 293, 296 n., 320, 349-50, 354-7, 370, 373, 407, 410 n., 427 ff., 434 ff., 439, 441, 444 ff., 452 ff.: _see_ Changelings, Cult, Exorcism, Fairy-Faith, and Purgatory.

Clairvoyance, 55, 73, 140 n., 175, 182, 205, 285, 311: _see_ Second-sight, Seers, and Vision.

---- Science and, 473, 478.

Clontarf, 305 ff.

_Cóir Anmann_, 286, 291, 369.

_Colloquy_: _see_ _Agallamh_.

Connaught, 42, 289, 295, 300.

Connemara, xxi, 2.

Connla, 259, 335, 349-50.

Coracle (_currach_), 350, 352.

_Cormac's Voyage_, 340-3.

_Corrigan_, 15, 92, 159 n., 195, 198, 206 ff., 215, 223-4, 229, 238, 241, 250-1, 398, 404-6, 493.

---- Etymology of, 206 n.

Cromlech: _see_ Archaeology.

---- Etymology of, 402 n.

Cruachan, 286, 288-9, 431, 440, 451.

Crystal-gazing, 510.

Cuchulainn, 2, 3-4, 70, 74-5, 96 n., 238, 277-8, 302-3, 307, 309, 316, 334, 353, 441: _see_ Re-birth.

---- _Sick-Bed of_, 286, 345-6.

---- Sun-god, as, 310.

Cult, 100 n., 163, 281, 442: _see_ Arthur, Cuchulainn, _Sidhe_, and Tuatha De Danann.

---- Agricultural, 80 n., 279, 291, 351, 408, 435.

---- Cattle, of, 199 n., 273.

---- Dead, of, 281, 299, 408-9 ff., 436 ff.; Christian, 452-5.

---- Fairies, of, 190, 436 ff.

---- Gods, of, 118, 164, 175 n., 200, 239, 246, 279, 281, 283, 291, 299, 342, 399 ff., 407 ff., 433 ff., 440, 448.

---- Saints, of, 83, 190, 193, 284.

---- Spirits, of, 124 n., 164, 175, 227, 229, 281, 284, 411 ff., 428-9, 436 ff.

---- Stones, of, 399 ff., 427-8: _see_ Archaeology.

---- Sun, of, 12, 100 n., 127, 132 n., 173, 176 n., 179 n., 309, 321, 369, 380, 389-90, 402-3, 405-6, 408, 416 ff., 450-1; Christianity and, 452 ff.; Significance of, 420 ff., 439.

---- Trees, of, 176, 229, 427-8, 433 ff.

---- Waters, of, 78, 163, 179, 223-4, 284, 427 ff., 450 n.

Culture Hero, 238, 309, 320-1, 380-2, 417.

_Da Derga's Hostel_, 287.

Daemons (Demons), 7, 15, 158, 197, 202, 204, 212, 237-8, 241, 249-52, 256-9, 263-71, 279-80, 286, 287 n., 288, 303, 306, 310, 314, 360, 430, 436, 446.

---- Nature of, 493.

---- Science and, 480-1, 483.

Dagda, 286, 291-2, 294, 298, 300-1, 318, 320, 410, 416.

_Daoine Maithe_, 53, 69.

Dead, Legend of, 280.

---- Breton, 14, 29, 169, 194-5, 212 ff., 392, 404.

---- Cornish, 169-70, 178, 180-1, 183.

---- Irish, 33, 48, 53, 55, 68, 71-2, 74-7.

---- Scotch, 95.

---- Welsh, 142 n., 152.

Death-candle (or Corpse-candle), 10, 145, 153, 155, 207, 220-1.

Death-coach, 71, 221.

Death-warning, 10, 169, 180, 213, 220, 304-5.

Demon-Possession, 228: _see_ Exorcism and Possession.

---- Science and, 487 ff.

---- Theory of, 249 ff.

Dermot, 41, 44, 57 n., 354.

---- Pre-existence of, 376.

Devil, 123, 157, 180, 201, 241, 263, 271, 319, 446.

---- Worship, 258 n., 421.

Devonshire Pixies, 179.

Diana, as Moon-Goddess, 80 n.

_Dinnshenchas_, 78 n., 81 n., 260, 301.

Divination, 150, 176 n., 258, 264, 278, 343, 405, 428, 432.

Dolmen: _see_ Archaeology.

---- Etymology of, 402 n.

Donegal, 61, 72, 442.

Dowth, 2, 61.

Dream, 41, 50, 55, 58, 68, 159, 180-1, 281.

---- Fairyland and, 490.

---- Re-birth and, 383, 511 ff.

---- Science and, 459, 464 ff., 508, 511 ff.

Druids, 10, 12, 14, 31, 52, 82 n., 85, 138, 147, 152, 157 n., 216, 256-7, 259, 265-7, 278, 292, 299, 345-6, 351, 356, 441, 444, 457: _see_ Exorcism, Magic, and Magicians.

Druids, Irish, 343.

---- Magic and, 489 n.

---- Oak and, 433 ff.

---- Re-birth and, 359, 364, 367, 369, 378 n., 387-91, 394.

---- Well-worship and, 432.

_Dun Cow, Book of_: _see_ _Leabhar na h-Uidhre_.

Dwarfs, 81 n., 192, 195, 203-4, 206 ff., 235, 237-8, 405: _see_ Pygmy.

_Dynion Hysbys_, 146, 151, 253, 264, 436: _see_ Magicians.

_Echtra Nerai_, 287, 290, 413.

Ecstasy, 61, 91, 512.

---- Fairyland and, 490.

---- Science and, 472, 486.

Ego, Existence of, 496.

---- Idea of, 497.

---- Nature of, 504 n., 515.

_Eisteddfod_, 11, 405 n.

Elementals, 65, 167, 241-2, 256-7.

---- Science and, 481.

_Ellyllon_ (Elves) and Fairies, 233 ff., 432, 493.

---- Science and, 483.

---- Worship of, 436.

Elysian Fields, 338, 358, 416.

Enchantment, 35-6, 52, 113: _see_ Magic.

---- Fairy, 35, 75, 78, 113, 199, 301, 386.

Environment, xvii, xx, xxii, 1 ff., 107, 115, 123, 173, 209, 221, 226, 282.

---- Science and, 499.

Erisgey, 91 n., 100.

Etain, 369.

---- Birth of, 374-6, 395.

Exorcism, 228, 253, 265-74, 277, 281: _see_ Changelings, and Magic.

---- Baptism, as, 269-70.

---- Dead, of, 178.

---- defined, 266.

---- Spirits, of, 42, 67, 123, 125, 172, 179, 250, 287 n., 402.

---- Welsh, 272.

Exorcists, 264, 269: _see_ Magicians.

Faerie Queen, 318.

Fairy: _see_ Apparitions, Angel, Astral Spirits, Banshee, Brownie, _Bucca_, Changelings, _Corrigan_, Cult, Dead, Death, Devil, Dwarfs, Elementals, _Ellyllon_ (_Elves_), Fates, _Fées_, _Fenodyree_, Fir Bolgs, Fomors, Ghost, Gnomes, Goblin, Goddesses, _Grac'hed coz_, Kelpy, Lapps, Lares, Lemures, Leprechaun, _Lutins_, Manes, Mermaid, _Morgan_, Nereids, Penates, Phantom, Pict, Pixies, Proserpine, Puck, Salamanders, Satyrs, Shape-shifting, _Siabra_, _Sidhe_, Soul, Spirits, Succubi, Swan-Maidens, Sylph, Troll, Tuatha De Danann, Undines, Vivian, White Lady, Witch.

Fairy Abduction of animals, 93 n., 95, 106, 109.

---- Abduction of People, 7, 33, 37, 40, 45-8, 51, 53, 56, 68-9, 72, 75, 82 n., 89, 98, 101-2, 104, 109, 113, 120-1, 125, 130, 135, 145, 166 n., 174, 181, 219, 245, 248, 251-2, 289-90, 294 ff., 316, 326, 342, 347, 353, 356, 431: _see_ Changeling, Otherworld, and Re-birth.

---- Army, 33, 50, 55, 57, 68, 74, 133.

---- Arrow, 88, 119.

---- Astrology, 327.

---- Baking, 127.

---- Bathing, 136, 155, 182, 326, 342.

---- Beating, 41, 72.

---- Belt, 106.

---- Birds, 200, 220, 267, 302-7, 329, 334, 345, 355, 376: _see_ _Badb_.

---- Blinding, 54, 131, 136, 140, 182, 205, 209.

---- Boat-Race, 80.

---- Borrowing, 136.

---- Bush: _see_ Fairy Tree, and Cult of Trees.

---- Cattle, 143, 147, 203.

---- Churning and, 43, 97, 132, 253.

---- Cock-crow and, 220, 327.

---- Colour, Green, 10, 103, 106, 110-1, 207, 294, 298, 312-4, 345, 349, 352; Red, 32, 72, 131, 133, 142, 152-60, 181, 289-90, 345.

---- Crops and, 38, 43, 291: _see_ Cult of Agriculture.

---- Curse, 82, 97, 178, 376 n.

---- Dance, 41, 56, 72, 86, 88, 92, 111, 116, 124-5, 131, 135, 139, 142-3, 146, 148, 155, 159-60, 171, 173, 175, 181-2, 207-9, 211; explanation of, 281; origin of, 405-6.

---- Deceit, 127.

---- Description of, 46, 60, 68, 77, 116, 122, 133, 141, 177, 187, 200, 205, 211, 242-3, 297, 349-50, 352: _see_ Fairy Dress.

---- Dog, 40, 120, 122, 129, 134, 259.

---- Dress, 45, 55, 67, 74, 95, 103, 116, 123, 131, 133, 143, 155, 160, 181, 192, 204-5, 208, 289, 294, 297-8, 339, 345, 349-50, 352.

---- Drops, 44.

---- Dwelling, 32, 37, 41, 46, 73, 76-8, 86-8, 93, 95, 97, 99 n., 104, 108, 110, 112-3, 126, 131, 136, 142, 144, 147-9, 151, 172, 188, 200, 203-4, 206, 209, 211, 220, 235, 289, 294, 306, 316-7, 327, 416: _see_ Otherworld.

---- Festivals, 39.

---- Fights, 43, 91.

---- Flies, 39.

---- Food, 44, 47, 68, 219, 275, 279, 292-3, 349, 353, 356, 447: _see_ Sacrifice, Food.

---- Fort (Dún), 2, 24, 31-2, 36, 38, 55, 72, 349-50, 413: _see_ Fairy Dwelling.

---- Fountain and, 101, 210, 223, 264, 341-3, 353: _see_ Cult of Waters.

---- Fulling, 98.

---- Games, 41, 51, 76, 149.

---- Guardian, 46, 76, 78, 179, 189-90, 192-3, 197, 207, 211, 219, 273, 327, 415, 438.

---- Herb, 53, 87, 175.

---- Hill (Knoll, and Mound), 79-80, 89, 97, 220, 237, 243, 288, 290, 293, 296, 299, 301, 306, 349, 374, 431, 437.

---- Hosts (_Sluagh_), xxi, 91, 104, 106, 108.

---- Hunchback and, 92, 143, 198-9, 208.

---- Hunting, 41, 56, 94, 134.

---- Iron and, 34, 87-8, 95, 98 n., 124 n., 138, 144, 147: _see_ Taboo, Iron.

---- Island, 49, 147, 220, 316, 334, 339: _see_ Avalon, and Otherworld.

---- Kings and Queens, 28, 34, 44, 63, 92, 149-51, 200, 202, 218, 292, 300-1, 336, 354.

---- Mr. Lang and, 475.

---- Love, 112.

---- Mid-wife (or Nurse) and, 54, 127, 136, 140, 175, 205.

---- Mine and, 165, 182, 241.

---- Money (Riches, &c.), 71, 82, 142, 146, 156, 158, 160, 162, 200, 289, 297.

---- Music, 24, 31, 40, 47, 56-7, 61, 69, 71-2, 74, 81 n., 86, 95, 103, 111, 118, 124, 131, 141, 159, 162, 181, 211, 297 ff., 336, 339, 340-2, 355-6, 482; Mr. Lang and, 475; Science and, 484.

---- Names, 22, 30, 52, 72, 82, 117, 153, 164, 182, 203, 207, 231, 274, 293, 307; objects and, 86.

---- Natural Phenomena and, xxii, 41, 92, 204, 219, 227, 256, 265, 279, 307: _see_ Fairy, Crops; and Sacrifice, Food.

---- Nature of, 24, 32, 36, 41, 46, 63 ff., 73, 76-7, 80, 94, 99, 102, 104-5, 109, 113-4, 117, 120, 123, 125-6, 133-4, 137-9, 142, 143 n., 144-5, 147-8, 150, 152, 171-3, 176-7, 180, 182, 207, 211, 218 ff., 235 ff., 243, 254, 279, 307, 327, 409, 496.

---- Path (or Pass), 33, 38, 67, 77, 150, 218, 231, 277.

---- Pig, as, 126.

---- Power, 47, 67, 72, 82, 88, 95, 113, 121, 150, 183, 219, 253, 262, 265.

---- Prayer, 118, 129.

---- Preserves, 38, 78, 277, 293.

---- Procession, 33, 57, 67, 74, 79 n., 80 n., 126, 134, 218, 277, 288.

---- Prophet, 47, 94, 139, 160, 197, 211, 290, 302 n., 305.

---- Reality of, 490, 492 ff.

---- Revenge, 92, 95, 97, 125, 142, 146, 177, 180, 191, 196, 199, 205, 208-10, 220, 293: _see_ Fairy, Hunchback.

---- Ring, 2, 91, 142-3, 148-9, 151, 161, 181-2, 184, 208.

---- Science and, 240, 281-2, 307, 456-515.

---- Smallness of, 32, 41, 47, 72, 99, 102, 104, 123, 125, 133, 140, 143, 146, 148, 151, 155, 159, 171, 173, 176-7, 179-81, 184, 207, 211, 219, 233-44, 281.

---- Song, 40, 71, 86, 92, 98-9, 101, 104, 112, 114, 118, 139, 143, 148, 201-2, 208-9, 301, 339, 342, 345, 375.

---- Spell (and Stroke), 53, 91, 126, 136, 159, 164, 173, 218, 219, 230-1, 252-3, 265, 268, 286, 297, 326, 330, 345, 356, 431: _see_ Exorcism; Fairy, Hunchback; Magic; and Magicians.

---- Spinning, 88, 110.

---- Stations, 46.

---- Stature, 47, 62, 67-8, 77, 96, 114, 123, 141, 148, 233 ff., 242: _see_ Fairy, Smallness of.

---- Tree (or Bush), 33, 70, 78, 126, 277, 292, 435: _see_ Cult of Trees.

---- Tribes, 32, 52.

---- Tricks, 127, 143, 177, 183-4, 191, 205, 207, 211, 320.

---- Visits, 122, 136, 138, 146, 155, 160: _see_ Otherworld.

---- Voice (or Talking), 47, 68, 134, 139, 155, 162, 187-9, 203; Science and, 485.

---- Wand: _see_ Wands.

---- War, 44, 46, 50, 207, 211: _see_ _Sidhe_.

---- Water, and, 38, 270, 311-2, 318, 446: _see_ Cult of Waters.

---- Weaving, 74.

---- Whistle, 46, 208.

---- Wife, 135, 138, 146, 148, 162, 200, 289, 297, 318 n., 325, 328, 346-7, 412.

---- Woman, xxiv, 2, 4, 54, 76-8, 99, 103-4, 110-1, 121, 135, 138, 143, 186, 189, 200-2, 286-7, 293, 296-7, 305, 311, 314, 326, 333, 335, 337-9, 342, 345-7, 351-2: _see_ _Sidhe_ and Tuatha De Danann.

Fairy-Faith, African, 228, 281.

---- Albanian, 230.

---- American, 228, 237, 246, 281.

---- Animism of, 282, 458, 477.

---- Antiquity of, 99, 163, 178, 194, 213, 216, 221, 231, 244, 256, 266, 269, 278, 307, 321, 325, 331, 354, 357, 395, 408, 427, 432, 439, 441, 457, 477.

---- Arabian, 229.

---- Australian, 227, 281.

---- Breton, 185, 225.

---- Chinese, 228, 250.

---- Collecting Evidence of, xix.

---- Comparative, 226 ff., 281, 307, 457, 475.

---- Cornish, 163-85.

---- Degeneration of, 458.

---- Egyptian, 229.

---- Esoteric, 457-8, 492 ff.

---- Etruscan, 231.

---- Exoteric, 457-8.

---- German, 231.

---- Greek, 230, 246.

---- Importance of Studying, xxv, 22.

---- Indian, 228, 238.

---- Interpretation of, xvi, 18, 25, 28-30, 59, 171, 225, 277, 281, 383, 471, 489, 515.

---- Irish, 23-84.

---- Italian, 231.

---- Japanese, 228, 440.

---- Malay, 228, 238.

---- Manx, 117-35.

---- Melanesian, 227, 265, 277.

---- Metaphysics of, 458.

---- Methods of studying, xviii.

---- Mexican, 246.

---- Nature of, 18, 70, 90, 94, 105, 109, 117-8, 126, 133, 145-6, 225, 233, 235-6, 256, 281, 296 n., 307, 433, 438, 458, 477.

---- Origin of, xvi, 18, 70, 90, 99, 137, 168, 178, 226, 244-5, 257, 398, 432-3, 452, 455, 457-8, 477.

---- Persian, 229.

---- Philosophy of, 18-20.

---- Polynesian, 238, 248, 281.

---- Psychical Phenomena and, 459: _see_ Science and Fairies.

---- Religion and, xvi, 22, 70, 78, 83, 90, 99, 100 n., 118, 123, 125, 152 n., 163, 168, 194, 221, 245, 256-7, 266, 269, 271, 274, 296 n., 344, 354, 364, 388, 404, 406-8, 421, 427 ff., 439, 441, 442 ff., 450 n., 452 ff., 457-8, 477: _see_ Cult, and Christianity.

---- Roumain, 230.

---- Scandinavian, 231.

---- Science and, 119, 456 ff.

---- Scotch, 84-116.

---- Siamese, 229.

---- State of, in Brittany, 205; in Cornwall, 170, 180; in Highlands, 84, 88, 90, 91, 94, 99.

---- Swiss, 231.

---- Theology and, 42, 91, 99, 127, 146, 168, 244, 360-3, 365 n., 369, 370, 373, 493.

---- Theories of, xxi, 20, 84, 118; Delusion and Imposture, 462-4, 489; Druid, xxiii; Materialistic, xxv, 461, 489; Mythological, xxiv; Naturalistic, xxi, 1, 8, 152 n.; Pathological, 461-2, 489; Psychical, 1, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 61, 171, 265, 405, 409, 477, 489 ff.; Psychological, xxii, 20, 95, 202, 211, 253, 274, 305, 330, 338, 383, 427, 441, 515; Psycho-Physical, 459-60, 489; Pygmy, xxii, 119, 148 n., 169, 219, 234-5, 241, 245, 276, 398.

---- Turkish, 229.

---- Unity of, 233, 329, 331, 357, 396.

---- Welsh, 135-63.

---- X-quantity of, 282; Outlined, 459; Testing of, 480 ff., 490-1.

Fairyland: _see_ Avalon, Hades, Otherworld, and Purgatory.

---- Dead and, 40, 43, 56, 68-9, 72, 123, 194-5, 202, 214, 217, 219-20, 251, 280, 350, 490: _see_ Dead, Legend of, and under Death.

---- Going to, 40, 43, 55, 65, 68-9, 148, 154, 161, 175, 248, 251-2, 295, 299, 302, 306, 348, 413, 469 ff., 490: _see_ Abduction of People, under Fairy; and Changelings.

---- Nature of, 18, 39, 43, 60 ff., 70, 84, 120, 123, 137 n., 144, 149 n., 150-1, 154, 167, 171, 194-5, 202, 219, 281, 296 n., 310, 312, 317, 335, 350, 383, 416, 452, 493: _see_ Otherworld.

---- Origin of belief in, 235, 245, 281, 452.

---- Reality of, 18, 84, 154, 469, 490, 493, 515.

---- Return from, 39, 48-9, 51, 98, 130, 149, 162, 252, 265, 295, 296 n., 299, 316, 347: _see_ Changelings.

---- Science and, 490.

---- Time in, 88, 95, 113, 135, 145, 149, 154, 162, 175-6, 296 n., 329, 339, 350, 354, 469 ff., 473.

Fallen Angels as Fairies, 67, 76, 85, 105-6, 109, 113, 116, 129, 154, 205, 212, 231, 241.

Fand, 316, 345-6.

Fascination, 258.

Fasting, 179, 267, 412-4, 422, 445, 447 n.

Fate, Irish Idea of, 278.

Fates, 203, 231, 327.

Feast of Dead, 218, 288-9, 299, 439 ff., 452 ff.: _see_ Dead, Legend of; and November Day.

_Fées_, xxiv, 195 ff., 216, 231, 257, 327, 347.

Fennel, 79, 83.

_Fenodyree_, 120, 129, 131.

Fermanagh, 73.

Fetishism, 259, 401, 402 n.

_Fiacc's Hymn_, 436.

Fianna, 287 n., 293, 298, 347, 443.

Find, Re-birth of, 370-4.

Finvara, 2, 28, 42, 44, 300.

Fionn (or Finn), 2, 58 n., 259, 287 n., 292, 298-9, 302, 334, 376, 414-5, 441, 443.

Fir Bolgs, 32, 70, 285, 417.

Fomors, 70, 303, 307, 310, 335.

Food-Sacrifice: _see_ Sacrifice.

_Fountain, Lady of_, 325.

---- Cult of: _see_ Cult.

Fourth Dimension, 167.

---- Science and, 487.

Freemasonry, 313 n., 422, 449.

Galahad, 315-6, 317 n.

Galway, 39, 42.

Gauvain, 312, 316, 348, 447.

Gavrinis, 15, 409 ff., 415, 418, 423-4 ff., 451.

'Gentry': _see_ Fairy Names.

Geoffrey, 308 n., 322-3, 330, 403.

Ghost, 3, 7, 10, 26, 29, 47, 67, 70, 118, 121, 124, 145, 152, 156, 172, 180, 184, 191-2, 217, 219-20, 228, 238, 247-9, 257, 265, 277, 280, 282, 285, 289, 291, 330, 368, 398-9, 446: _see_ Dead, and Death.

---- Fairy and, 438.

---- Science and, 19, 477.

Giant, xxiii, 163, 192.

Gildas, 321.

Glamorgan, 158.

_Glashtin_, 131.

Gnomes, 241-3.

---- Science and, 481, 483.

Gnosticism, 361-2.

Goblin, 143, 145, 207, 220, 241, 306.

Goddess, 78-9, 83, 229, 369, 378, 390, 457.

Goddess Dana, 283-307.

---- Mother, 283, 284 n., 290, 390.

Gods: _see_ Cult.

---- Science and, 480.

'Good People': _see_ Fairy Names.

Gospel Stories and Fairy-Faith, 168.

Gower, 10, 158 ff.

_Grac'hed coz_, 195 ff.

Graelent, 326.

Grail, Holy, 311, 316, 325, 353.

---- Holy, Cup, as, 342, 350.

Grania, 41, 57 n.

_Gruagach_, 92.

_Guingemor_, 326, 348.

Gwenhwyvar, 152 n., 310-4, 316.

Gwion, Re-birth of, 378.

Gwydion, 151-2 n., 379, 417.

Gwynn Ab Nudd, 152 n., 319-20.

Hades, 296 n., 310, 312, 336-8, 352-3, 411, 445.

---- Origin of belief in, 452.

---- Purgatory, as, 447.

---- Science and, 514.

---- Sun-cult and, 422.

Halloween, 38, 91, 93 n., 179: _see_ November Day, and _Samain_.

Hallucinations: _see_ Apparitions.

---- Science and, 459, 461, 464, 490.

Harlech, 10, 144, 334.

Hebrides, 4, 7, 9, 90, 100 ff.

_Hergest, Red Book of_, 308 n., 330.

Highlands, 5, 7, 93 ff.

_Húi Corra, Voyage of_, 354.

Hy Brasil, 334.

Hypnotism, 255, 265, 466, 488, 507-8.

Iamblichus, 254, 257 n., 400, 484.

Immortality, Non-personal, 503 ff., 509 n.

Incantation, 176, 259: _see_ Charms.

Initiates, 59, 313 n., 336-7, 358, 378, 423-4.

Initiations, 13, 78, 157 n., 179 n., 257, 313 n., 336-8, 342, 353, 378-9, 405-6, 411-2, 415-6, 419, 422, 425, 444 ff., 447 ff.

Initiations, Celtic, 342-3, 409 ff.

---- Nature of, 447 n.

Innishmurray, 49, 54, 334.

Inverness, 4, 93.

_Iolo MS._, 308 n.

Iona, 7, 93, 436.

Jack-in-the-Green, 435.

Jeanne d'Arc, 263-4.

Jews, Re-birth and, 359.

---- Sun-cult, and, 421.

Karnak and Carnac, xv.

Kelpy, xxi, 3, 28, 207.

Kerry, 61, 83, 340.

Kirk, Robt., 66, 85, 89, 91 n., 237, 279 n., 293.

Knowth, 34.

_Kulhwch and Olwen_, 317-20, 328, 451.

---- Date of, 331.

Lake, Lady of, 78, 79 n., 314-7, 327, 379.

Lancelot, 312, 315-6, 348.

Land's End, 181.

Lanval, 325, 326.

_Lanval's Voyage_, 347-8.

Lapps, xxiii, 234 n.-5, 244.

Lares, 438.

Layamon, 308 n., 323.

Leaba Mologa, 414.

_Leabhar na h-Uidhre_ (_Book of the Dun Cow_), 259, 285, 292, 353, 374, 377, 409.

---- Age of, 283 n.

Lear, 7, 118, 135, 322: _see_ Manannan.

_Lebar Brecc_, 271, 313 n., 454.

_Lebar Gabala_, 292.

_Lecan, Y. B. of_, Age of, 283 n.

Leinster, 294, 371.

---- _Book of_, 285, 292, 303, 356; age of, 283 n.

Lemures, 438.

Leprechaun, 25, 28, 47, 52, 71, 82, 235-6, 241, 243, 493.

---- Etymology of, 236.

_Lia Fáil_, 14, 401.

Libations to Fairies, 36, 92-3, 200, 218, 273, 291.

Lights, 7, 61, 77, 83, 133, 145, 155, 180, 207, 215.

---- Science and, 463, 483-4.

Limerick, 78, 386.

_Lismore, Book of_, 401, 412; age of, 283 n.

Lough Derg, 72, 442 ff.

Lough Gur, 78, 386.

Lug, 62, 292, 369, 450.

_Lugnasadh_, 451.

_Lutins_, 159 n., 190-1, 206 ff., 493.

Lyonesse, 12, 167.

_Mabinogion_, 10, 260, 297, 304, 317, 328-9, 451.

---- Age of, 308 n., 331.

---- Editions of, 308 n.

_Mael-Duin's Voyage_, 348.

Magic, 10, 93, 120, 131, 153, 156, 168, 171, 204, 245, 250, 253-65, 281, 292, 299, 324, 328, 339, 346, 380-1: _see_ Charms, Divination, Magicians, Necromancy, Fairy Spell, Witches, and Witchcraft.

---- Ancient, 255-60.

---- Celtic, 256-7, 259-60.

---- Fairy, 42, 199, 203, 265, 327.

---- Frazer, Dr., and, 254-5.

---- Indian, 258, 489 n.

---- Religion and, 42, 255, 287 n., 292, 381, 404-5: _see_ Exorcism, and Taboo.

---- Roman Church and, 42, 237 n.

---- Study of, 257, 489 n.

---- Taboo and, 274 ff.

---- Theories of, 253.

Magicians, 131, 156, 227-8, 247, 253-5, 257, 262-5, 268, 299, 329, 344, 380-1, 417, 433, 437, 489 n.: _see_ Manannan, and Merlin.

Magnetism, Animal, 262.

Malory, 308 n., 312, 315, 323, 380.

_Mana_, 254-5, 262, 265, 278, 479.

Manannan, 7, 62, 80 n., 118, 120, 131-2 n., 135, 299, 333, 335, 339, 342-3, 345-6, 356, 372-4, 376.

---- Hermes, like, 343 n.

Manes, 438, 441.

Marazion, 173.

Märchen, 23.

Marie de France, 308 n., 325-6, 348.

Math, 417.

_Matter of Britain_, 328, 331.

May Day, 312, 435.

---- Fairies and, 43, 53, 100 n., 124.

Meath, 297, 415.

Meave (_Medb_), 3, 43, 70, 288-9, 301, 440.

Megaliths, Alignement of, 419 ff.: _see_ Archaeology.

Melwas, 311, 313-4, 316.

Menhir: _see_ Archaeology.

Merionethshire, 144.

Merlin, 10, 149, 314-5, 321-2, 329-30, 403, 417, 429, 435-7, 447.

Mermaid, 25, 28.

_Mesca Ulad_, 344.

Midir, 302, 311, 374-6, 413.

Mil, 284, 291: _see_ Milesians.

Milesians, 32, 287, 303, 349, 372, 377 n.

Mithras, 448.

Modred, 322, 324.

Mongan, 260.

---- Re-birth of, 370 ff., 394-5.

Montgomeryshire, 145.

Morbihan, xv, 199 n., 273, 399, 401, 403-4, 428.

_Morgan_, 200-1, 352.

---- _le Fay_, 311, 315, 327.

_Morrigu_, 302-3, 305, 315: _see_ _Badb_.

Moytura, 2, 303, 335.

Munster, 300, 348.

Mysteries, xiii, 14, 59, 173, 257-9, 313 n., 337-8, 343, 359, 365, 377 n., 405 ff., 409 ff.

---- Celtic, 409 ff., 444 ff.

---- Nature of, 411, 422, 448 ff.

---- Puberty, 449 ff.

Mysticism, xvii, 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 13-4, 58-9, 78, 313, 341 n., 356, 360 n., 364, 377 n.

---- Comparative, 457-8.

Mythology, Interpretation of Irish, 307.

---- Origin of, 281, 455.

Necromancy, 151 n., 258, 404, 489 n.

Nennius, 308 n., 322.

Nereids, 230-1.

New Grange, 2, 36, 61, 409 ff., 451.

Newlyn, 178 ff.

Nirvana, Meaning of, 366, 391.

November Day (or Eve), Origin of, 439, 453.

---- Fairies and, 38, 53, 73, 91, 93 n., 100 n., 179, 213, 218, 288-9, 301: _see_ _Samain_.

Nuada, 319.

Nymphs, 229-31.

Obsession: _see_ Possession.

Occultism, Discussion of, 240.

Ogam, 340, 372.

Ogier, 348.

Oracles, 10, 15, 410, 448.

Osiris, xv, 309 n., 310, 320-1, 381, 422, 439-40.

Ossian (Oisin), 57, 260, 299.

_Ossian's Voyage_, 346-7, 357.

Otherworld, 60, 62, 78, 123, 194, 220, 246-7, 252, 277-8, 281, 295, 311, 316, 318, 321, 371-3, 443.

---- Atlantis and, 33 n., 59.

---- Classical, 336-7.

---- Description of, 332-8, 340-3, 349 ff.

---- Egyptian, 380-1, 422.

---- Evolution of idea of, 333 n., 353-7.

---- Heaven, as, 354-5, 446.

---- Hell, as, 355.

---- Interpreted, 70, 285, 337-8, 356, 492.

---- Location of, 332-4.

---- Names of, 334-5.

---- Nature of, 332-8, 340-3, 356-7.

---- New Zealand, 275.

---- Passport to, 336-7.

---- Polynesian, 275.

---- Purgatory, as, 281, 354, 364: _see_ Purgatory.

---- Re-birth and, 334, 365: _see_ Re-birth.

---- Science and, 514-5.

---- Virgil on, 336-7, 382, 445.

---- Voyages, 328, 335, 338-57, 378-80.

Paimpont, 188: _see_ Brocéliande.

Pantheism, Celtic, 377 n.

Paracelsus, 167, 240, 254.

Pardon, Breton, 428, 450 n.

Peel, 129, 132, 387.

Pembrokeshire, 147, 153, 161.

Penates, 190, 229.

Penzance, 12, 174 ff., 391.

'People of Peace,' Origin of name, 438 n.: _see_ Fairy Names.

Phallicism, 402 n.

Phantom: _see_ Apparition, Dead, Death, Fairy, Ghost, and Science and Fairies.

---- Coach, 25.

---- Funeral, 10, 126, 145, 152, 213-5, 221.

---- Horse, 79 n., 215.

---- Ship, 25.

---- Washerwomen, 212, 216.

Philtres, 258.

Phoenicians, 12, 173, 176, 395-6.

Pict, 165-6, 234 n.-5.

Pin-Wells, 430.

Pixies, 158-9, 164 ff., 207, 220, 229, 238, 241, 250, 398, 406, 493.

---- Etymology of, 165.

Pliny on Druids, 256, 259, 260, 433.

Pluto, 312, 337, 367, 452.

_Poltergeist_ Phenomena, 67, 74, 88, 120, 124-5, 132, 156, 162, 164, 218, 220, 488.

---- Fairies and, 475-6, 482, 484.

---- Science and, 459, 463, 481, 490.

Possession, 34, 69, 112, 207, 265, 268 ff., 375: _see_ Demon-Possession, and Exorcism.

---- Science and, 472.

Proserpine, 312, 336-8, 382, 450 n., 475.

Psychical Research, 14, 255, 265, 365, 459, 461 ff., 471 ff., 493, 497, 502 ff.

---- Society, 268, 330, 398, 447 n., 488.

Psychic Centres, 14, 74, 221, 299, 410-1: _see_ Mysteries.

Psychological Theory: _see_ Fairy-Faith, Theories of.

Psychology, Social, 232, 251, 282, 289, 307, 458, 469, 475 n., 476 n.

Puck (_Puca_), 25, 53, 164, 207.

---- Science and, 483.

Purgatory, 169, 364, 405, 414, 442 ff.

---- Fairies and, 76.

---- Origin of doctrine of, 452.

Pygmy, xxii-xxiii, 28, 234 n., 236-9, 245, 398: _see_ Fairy-Faith, Theories of, Pygmy.

Pyramid, xv.

---- Celtic tumuli and, 418 ff.

---- Purpose of, 423 ff.

Rag-Bushes, 430.

Rappings and Science, 459, 463, 475 n., 481, 488.

Re-birth, 5, 9, 64, 84, 227, 252, 313 n., 353, 358-96.

---- Arthur and, 310, 315, 321, 323-4, 379-81, 386, 509 n.

---- Australian, 227.

---- _Barddas MSS._ on, 365-7, 378, 515.

---- Brython, 216, 378-80, 392-3.

---- Buddha and, 359, 382, 509, 514.

---- Christian, 359-63, 387, 391, 393-5, 513.

---- Classical Writers on, 367, 395.

---- Darwinism and, 365, 501, 515.

---- Dermot's, 376.

---- Emerson and, 382.

---- Esoteric Doctrine of, 377 n., 503-4, 513 n., 514.

---- Fichte and, 382.

---- Gnostics and, 361-2.

---- Greek, 382.

---- Herder and, 382.

---- Historical Survey of, 359-65.

---- Dr. Hyde on, 368.

---- Japanese, 383.

---- Jewish, 359, 384 n.

---- Jubainville on, 368.

---- Lama and, 383.

---- Manichaean, 362.

---- Modern, 364.

---- Modern Celtic, 383-93; non-Celtic, 364, 380-3.

---- Mongan's, 370.

---- Origen on, 359-61, 394.

---- Origin and Evolution of Doctrine, 393-6.

---- Otherworld and, 338, 358, 452.

---- Parnell's, 385.

---- Philo and, 359.

---- Purgatory and, 364, 384, 452.

---- Roman Church and, 364.

---- Rosicrucians and, 364.

---- Schopenhauer and, 382.

---- Science and, 469, 492-513.

---- Sex in, 375 n., 391.

---- Spiritual, 449.

---- Sun and, 310, 321, 380, 420.

---- Tennyson and, 382.

---- Tertullian on, 359-61, 394.

---- Tuan's, 377.

---- Tuatha De Danann, of, 367-76.

---- Whitman and, 382.

---- William II and, 383.

---- Wordsworth and, 382.

Religions, Origin of, 226, 455.

Robin Good-fellow, 207, 220.

---- Science and, 481.

Roman Catholic Theology and Fairies, 42, 168, 270, 364, 452.

_Romans Bretons_, 326-8.

Roscommon, 3, 27, 69, 70.

Rosicrucians, 167, 240-1, 243, 364.

Rosses Point, 58, 66, 243.

Ross-shire, 90.

Round Table, 309-10, 312, 323.

Round Tower, 59, 98, 129.

Sabbath, 215, 264.

---- _Corrigan_, 209-10 n.

Sacrifice, 258-9, 413, 429-30, 434 n., 436 ff., 455.

---- Animal, 424, 435.

---- Food, 281, 404, 408, 437-8, 441, 454; Anthropology and, 279-80; Fairy, to, 36-7, 44, 70, 75, 117, 164, 171, 175, 218, 279-80, 291, 437: _see_ Libations.

---- Human, 246-7, 251-2, 280, 351, 407, 430, 436.

Sagas, 30, 368, 374.

Saints, Communion of, 127.

Salamanders, 242.

Salmon, Sacred, 341 n., 433.

_Samain_, 31, 288-90, 298-9, 345, 439-40, 453: _see_ November Day.

Satyrs, 303, 306, 406.

Science and Fairies, 456-515.

Second-sight, 43, 91 n., 140: _see_ Clairvoyance.

---- Science and, 486.

Seers and Seeresses, xviii, 2, 3, 18, 43-4, 55, 60 ff., 72, 76, 80, 82-3, 91, 94, 96, 122, 124, 141, 152, 155, 158, 177, 182, 206, 213-4, 217, 227, 242, 264, 284-5, 290, 334, 392-3, 457, 459, 470, 477.

Sein, Île de, 15, 218.

_Senchus na relec_, 292.

Serpents, 343.

---- St. Patrick and, 444.

_Sgéalta_, 23.

Shakespeare, 164, 241.

Shape-shifting, 34-5, 47, 79 n., 81 n., 192, 205, 207, 211, 230, 259, 293, 301-2, 328, 345, 356, 374, 389.

_Shoney_, 93, 200.

_Siabra_ (Ghosts), 285, 310.

_Sidh_, Definition of, 291.

_Sidhe_, 27-8, 58-66, 77, 86, 113, 227, 283-307, 314, 334, 352, 431: _see_ Tuatha De Danann.

---- Abductions by, 294-6.

---- Clontarf, at, 305-7.

---- Minstrels and Musicians, 69, 297-300.

---- Nature of, 62-4, 285-91, 307.

---- Palaces, 291-3, 300-2, 431.

---- Science and, 473, 479.

---- Society and Warfare, 60, 63, 65, 291, 300-7, 335.

---- Visions of, 60 ff., 296-7.

---- War-Goddesses, 302.

---- World, 60, 62-5, 295.

Skye, 4, 96, 98, 257.

Slieve Gullion, 2, 75-6, 237.

Sligo, 44, 54, 285, 299.

_Sluagh_, 108: _see_ Fairy Hosts.

_Snedgus, Voyage of_, 354.

Snowdon, 10, 136-7 n.

Sociology of Celts, 233.

Sorcery, 258, 402.

Soul, Bee, as, 178.

---- Bird, as, 183, 185, 240, 304 n., 355.

---- Existence of, 496-7.

---- Fairy, as, 147, 169, 176, 179, 183, 235, 493: _see_ Dead.

---- Idea of, 178, 215, 239-41, 244, 247-52, 304 n., 355, 360, 390.

---- Moth, as, 178, 240, 304 n.

---- Seen Disembodied, 215.

---- Science and, 480.

---- World, of, 65, 254.

Spenser, 318.

Sphynx, 419-20.

Spirits, Nature, 237-8, 240-4, 493.

Spiritualism, 55, 151 n., 249, 263, 459 ff.

St. Anne, 428, 450 n.

_St. Brandan's Voyage_, 354.

St. Brigit, 3, 284.

St. Columba, 3, 7, 85, 266-8, 441, 428.

---- Human sacrifice and, 436.

---- Re-birth and, 385.

St. Cornely, 199 n., 271, 274, 393, 428.

St. David, 402.

St. David's, 10, 147.

St. Guenolé, 201.

St. John's Day, 80 n., 273.

_St. Malo's Voyage_, 355.

St. Michael, 12, 407.

St. Michael's Mount, xv, 12, 15, 173, 398, 407, 423.

Stonehenge, xv, 403, 405, 411, 417-8.

Story-telling, 3, 5-7, 23-4, 115, 121, 149, 152, 154, 161, 184, 221.

St. Patrick, 3, 9, 14, 74, 118, 266-8, 286-7, 292, 294, 297-8, 431-2, 441 ff.

---- Re-birth and, 385.

---- Serpents and, 444.

_St. Patrick's Tripartite Life_, 402, 431, 451.

Succubi, 113 n.

Sun-dance and Fairy-dance, 405-6.

Swan-maidens, 200, 301.

Sylph, 241.

Taboo, 79 n., 130, 136, 161, 175, 204, 281, 340, 347, 415.

---- Anthropology and, 274-9.

---- Celtic, 277-9, 289-90, 295-6 n., 340, 347, 352, 368, 415.

---- Food, 47, 68, 127, 219, 275-6, 352.

---- Iron, 34, 87-8, 95, 124 n., 135, 138, 144, 147, 276.

---- Name, 70, 92, 208-10, 213, 274-5.

---- Place, 33, 35, 82, 150, 231, 237, 248, 277, 293.

_Táin_, 287, 302.

Taliessin, 161-2, 337 n., 388.

---- _Book of_, 353, 378.

---- Re-birth of, 378.

Tara, 2, 13-5, 31-2, 35, 221, 289, 292, 298-9, 340 ff., 351-2, 376, 381 n., 401-2, 410, 419.

_Teigue's Voyage_, 348-51.

Telepathy, 120, 217, 255.

---- Science and, 459, 472-3, 477-8, 490.

Tethra, 335.

Theology: _see_ Fairy-Faith, and Christianity and Fairies.

Theosophy, 167, 243, 457.

Thomas's _Tristan_, 325.

Tintagel, 12, 183-4.

_Togail_, 287.

Totem, 178, 227, 299 n., 304 n.

Trance, 65, 68-9, 181, 210, 248, 275, 281, 343, 356, 383, 472.

---- Fairyland and, 469 ff., 490.

---- Science and, 459.

Transmigration, 377 n., 387-9, 392: _see_ Re-birth.

Tree, Sacred: _see_ Cult.

_Triads_, 311, 313 n., 365.

Trinity, The, 238, 436.

_Tristan_, 325.

Troll, 176, 238, 391.

Tuam, 42, 384.

_Tuan's Re-birth_, 377.

Tuatha De Danann, 28, 31-2, 59, 62, 70, 211, 229, 241, 243, 252, 260, 277-80, 283-307: _see_ _Sidhe_, and Re-birth of.

---- Cult of, 412 ff.

---- Nature of, 285 ff., 296 n., 310, 313 n.-4, 335, 351, 355, 376, 379, 411, 492.

---- Welsh parallels to, 329.

_Tylwyth Teg_: _see_ Fairy, Names.

---- Breton parallel to, 211.

---- Origin of, 163.

Ulster, 3, 344-5, 370, 373, 374.

Undine, Tale of, 135.

Undines, 241.

Uthr Bendragon, 310.

_Viellée_, 6 n., 221.

Virgin, Holy, the, 394 n., 428, 451.

Vision, 60-2, 65-7, 80, 83, 91, 117, 122, 124-6, 133-4, 139, 140-1, 143, 145, 152, 155, 158, 182, 214-5, 230, 242, 286, 296, 334, 356: _see_ Clairvoyance, and Seers.

---- Conferring of, 77, 152, 215.

---- Explanation of, 485 ff.

---- Science and, 459, 476.

Vitalism, 493 ff.

Vivian, 10, 189, 315, 329.

Wace, 308 n., 323.

_Wales, Archaiology of_, 394.

---- _Four Ancient Books of_, 308 n., 328-31; age of, 331.

Wands, 52, 202, 343-4.

White Lady, 28, 82 n., 152 n., 310.

Witch, 34, 36, 121-2, 124 n., 174, 248, 264, 272, 304, 306, 389, 430.

---- Definition of, 263.

Witchcraft, 10, 12, 34, 36, 122, 153-4, 159 n., 167, 248, 253-65, 272, 281.

---- Theory of, 263.

Footnotes:

[1] Quite appropriately it means _place of cairns_ or _tumuli_--those prehistoric monuments religious and funereal in their purposes. _Carnac_ seems to be a Gallo-Roman form. According to Professor J. Loth, the Breton (Celtic) forms would be: old Celtic, _Carnaco-s_; old Breton (ninth-eleventh century), _Carnoc_; Middle Breton (eleventh-sixteenth century), _Carneuc_; Modern Breton, _Carnec_.

[2] For we cannot offer any proof of what at first sight appears like a philological relation or identity between _Carnac_ and _Karnak_.

[3] Andrew Lang, Kirk's _Secret Commonwealth_ (London, 1893), p. xviii; and _History of Scotland_ (Edinburgh, 1900-07).

[4] Cf. David MacRitchie's published criticisms of our Psychological Theory in _The Celtic Review_ (January 1910), entitled _Druids and Mound-Dwellers_; also his first part of these criticisms, ib. (October 1909), entitled _A New Solution of the Fairy Problem_.

[5] Alexander Carmichael, _Carmina Gadelica_ (Edinburgh, 1900), i, p. xix.

[6] The _ceilidh_ of the Western Hebrides corresponds to the _veillée_ of Lower Brittany (see pp. 221 ff.), and to similar story-telling festivals which formerly flourished among all the Celtic peoples. 'The _ceilidh_ is a literary entertainment where stories and tales, poems, and ballads, are rehearsed and recited, and songs are sung, conundrums are put, proverbs are quoted, and many other literary matters are related and discussed.'--Alexander Carmichael, _Carmina Gadelica_, i, p. xviii.

[7] I am indebted for this information to the late Mr. Davies, the competent scholar and antiquarian of Newcastle-Emlyn, where for many years he has been vicar.

[8] In the Gnosis, St. Michael symbolizes the sun, and thus very appropriately at St. Michael's Mount, Cornwall, at Mont St. Michel, Carnac, and also at Mont St. Michel on the coast of Normandy, replaced the Great God of Light and Life, held in supreme honour among the ancient Celts.

[9] In this connexion we may think of the North and South Magnetic Poles of the earth as centres of definite yet invisible forces which can be detected, and to some extent measured scientifically.

[10] Anglo-Irish for _rath_, a circular earthen fort.

[11] Throughout Ireland there are many ancient, often prehistoric, earthworks or tumuli, which are popularly called _forts_, _raths_, or _dúns_, and in folk-belief these are considered fairy hills or the abodes of various orders of fairies. In this belief we see at work a definite anthropomorphism which attributes dwellings here on earth to an invisible spirit-race, as though this race were actually the spirits of the ancient Irish who built the _forts_. As we proceed, we shall see how important and varied a part these earthworks play in the Irish Fairy-Faith (cf.