Book i

. L. Manlius Torquatus explains the Epicurean doctrine, which is refuted in ii. by Cicero. In iii. and iv. M. Porcius Cato sets forth the doctrine of the Stoics which is shown by Cicero to agree with that of Antiochus of Ascalon; in v. M. Pupius Piso explains the views of the Academics and Peripatetics.

_Tusculanae Disputationes_, so called from Cicero's villa at Tusculum in which the discussion is supposed to have taken place. The subjects treated are:--in Book i ., the nature of death and the reasons for despising it; Book ii ., the endurance of pain: Pain is not an evil;

## Book iii ., wisdom makes a man insensible to sorrow; Book iv ., wisdom

banishes all mental disquietude; Book v ., virtue is sufficient to secure happiness. The materials are drawn largely from works of Dicaearchus.

_De Deorum Natura._--The dialogue is placed in 77 B.C. In Book i . Velleius attacks other philosophies and explains the system of Epicurus. He is then refuted by Cotta. In Book ii . Balbus, speaking as a Stoic, discusses the existence of the gods, nature, the government of the world and providence. In