Chapter XII
.
September 1st. Fighting in Negros, American successes.
September 14th. U.S. cruiser Charleston engages a gun mounted by the Filipinos at Olongapo, Subic Bay, and fired sixty-nine shells from her 8-inch guns without silencing the gun, notwithstanding that the Filipinos used black powder.
September 18th. Some of the U.S. Civil Commission had already started to return; remainder leave.
September 23rd. A U.S. squadron, consisting of the Monterey, Charleston, Concord and Zafiro, bombarded the one-gun battery of the Filipinos at Olongapo for six hours, and then landed 250 men who captured and destroyed the gun which was 16-centimetre calibre.
General Otis, in an interview, is reported to have stated that "Things are going very satisfactorily."
September 28th. General McArthur captures Porac.
September 30th. General Aguinaldo releases fourteen American prisoners. They looked well and hearty, and it was evident that they had been well treated.
October 8th. General Schwan advanced against Noveleta and encountered a heavy resistance, but ultimately took the town and next day occupied Rosario.
October 18th. War now said to be beginning in its most serious phase. The American troops, men and officers, said to be thoroughly discouraged by the futility of the operations ordered by General Otis. They feel that their lives are being sacrificed without anything being accomplished.
October 28th. 17,000 sick and tired soldiers have been sent home and replaced by 27,000 fresh men. 34,000 are on the way or under orders. Total will be 65,000 men and forty ships of war.
October 31st. General Otis reports to the War Department that the continuance of the rainy season still harasses the prosecution of the campaign.
Count Almenas, speaking in the Spanish Senate, said that through the ignorance of the Peace Commission the Batanes Islands, Cagayan Sulu, and Sibutu were not included in the scope of the treaty.
November 7th. General Wheaton, with an American force lands at San Fabian [Pangasinan] and marches towards Dagupan, driving the Filipinos before him.
November 13th. Tarlac captured by the Americans under Colonel Bell. Telegrams from Manila state, "A careful review of the situation made on the spot justifies the prediction that all organised hostile operations on a definite plan are at an end."
November 14th. The U.S. cruiser Charleston lost on the Guinapak rocks to the north of Luzon, and the crew land on Camiguin Island.
November 28th. The province of Zamboanga [Mindanao] said to have surrendered unconditionally to the commander of the gunboat Castine.
December 20th. General Lawton shot by the insurgents at San Mateo whilst personally directing the crossing of the river by two battalions of the 29th U.S. infantry.
1900. January 20th. The Filipinos capture a pack train of twenty ponies in the Laguna Province. American losses, two killed, five wounded, nine missing.
February 15th. American newspapers report many cases of insanity amongst the U.S. soldiers.
February 20th. General Otis signifies to the War Department his desire for leave of absence from Manila to recruit his health.
March 30th. The bubonic plague, extending in Luzon, and appears in other islands of the Archipelago. Cases suspected to be leprosy reported amongst the U.S. troops.
Independent reports represent the situation in the Philippines as most unsatisfactory. The islands are practically in a state of anarchy.
April 6th. The War Department issues an order recalling General Otis, because his work has been accomplished, and appoints General McArthur in his place.
May 1st. Judge Canty, of Minnesota, makes a report upon the condition of the Philippines.
He says: "All the native tribes, except a small band of Macabebes and the Sulu Mahometans, are against us, and hate the Americans worse than the Spaniards.... The American soldiers are undergoing terrible hardships, and are a prey to deadly tropical diseases."
June 2nd. General McArthur asks for more troops, and at least three regiments are to be sent.
June 14th. Rear-Admiral Raney cables for another battalion of marines.
June 15th. Macaboulos, a Filipino chieftain, surrenders at Tarlac with 8 officers and 120 riflemen.
June 17th. A regiment of infantry and a battery of artillery embark at Manila for China.
June 19th. It is reported that, in all, 5000 men are to be sent from Manila to China.
June 20th. But to-day, the idea prevails in Washington that, under present conditions, every soldier in the Philippines is needed there.
July 27. Negotiations are being carried on between Spain and the United States for the cession by the former to the latter of the Sibutu and Cagayan Islands on payment of a sum of $100,000.
August 4th. The Filipinos kill or capture a lieutenant of Engineers and fifteen soldiers.
August 8th. Miss Margaret Astor Chanler, who was engaged in Red Cross work in Manila, declares that the hospitals are inadequate. This is confirmed by the Washington correspondent of the World. He says 3700 men are now in hospital, and large numbers are unable to find accommodation. Thousands who are down with fever and other diseases are without doctors or medical supplies. Eight per cent. of the entire force is incapacitated.
August 15th. The Filipinos reported to be gaining ground.
The cost of the war said to be nearly L40,000,000, 2394 deaths, 3073 wounded. There are said to be still 70,000 American troops in the Philippines. The "goodwill" of the war cost L4,000,000.
August 19th. Censored news despatches from Manila show that the Filipinos are increasing their activity, and scorn the offers of amnesty.
September 1st. The Civil Commission in the Philippines, presided over by Judge Taft, assumes the direction of the Government. Judge Taft reports that the insurrection is virtually ended, and that a modus vivendi is established with the ecclesiastical authorities!
September 3rd. General McArthur cables that an outbreak has occurred in Bohol, and that in an engagement near Carmen the Americans lost 1 killed and 6 wounded, and the Filipinos 120 killed.
September 6th. The estimated cost of the Philippines to America is estimated at three-quarters of a million dollars per day.
September 12th. The first public legislative session of the Civil Commission was held. Two million dollars (Mexican) were voted for the construction of roads and bridges, $5000 for the expenses of a preliminary survey of a railroad between Dagupan and Benguet, and $5400 towards the expenses of the educational system.
September 17th. General McArthur cables that Captain McQuiston, who had become temporarily insane, shot a number of men of his company. The others, in self-defence, shot and killed the captain.
September 20th. The Civil Commission reports that large numbers of the people in the Philippines are longing for peace, and are willing to accept the government of the United States.
General McArthur cables reports of fighting in the Ilocos Provinces, from whence General Young telegraphs for reinforcements, also in Bulacan, and in Tayabas.
A desperate engagement is fought in the Laguna Province, where the Americans made an attack upon the Filipino positions, and were repulsed with heavy loss, including Captain Mitchell and Lieutenant Cooper.
The Filipinos are constantly harassing and attacking the American outposts and garrisons around Manila, and have caused fourteen casualties amongst the troops.
CUSTOMS DUES ON EXPORTS, 1896-97.
Articles. Tax per 100 kilos Gross Weight.
$ cts.
Hemp or cordage 0.75 Indigo 0.50 Tintarron liquid indigo 0.05 Rice 2.00 Sugar 0.10 Cocoa-nuts or copra 0.10 Tobacco in cigars or cigarettes 3.00 Tobacco in leaf from the provinces of Cagayan, Isabela, and Nueva Vizcaya in Luzon 3.00 Tobacco in leaf from Visayas and Mindanao 2.00 Tobacco in leaf from any other province 1.50
Estimated receipts from above tax in the financial year 1896-97 $1,292,550
EXTRA IMPORT TAX ON CONSUMABLE ARTICLES.
(This is in addition to the Customs dues.)
$ cts.
Spirits In barrels or demijohns per litre 0.20 In bottles or flasks per litre 0.30 Beer 0.10 Vegetables or fruits, dried or green per kilog. 0.02 Wheat flour per 100 kilog. 0.50 Common salt per 100 kilog. 1.00 Petroleum and mineral oils per 100 kilog. 1.00
Estimated receipts from above tax in the financial year 1896-97 $301,000
EXPORT STATISTICS.
16 piculs = 1 ton of 20 cwt.; 8 bales hemp = 1 ton of 20 cwt.; 1 quintal = 100 lbs. Spanish, or about 1013/4 English.
+-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sugar. |Hemp. | Copra. |Coffee.|Cordage.|Sapan-wood.|Hides and|M.-o'-P.| Gum. | Indigo. | Tobacco |Cigars.| | | | | | | | |Cuttings.|Shells. | | | Leaf. | | +-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | | Piculs. |Bales. | Piculs. |Piculs.|Piculs. | Piculs. | Piculs. |Piculs. |Piculs.|Quintals.|Quintals.| Mil. | | {Manila |1,500,139|571,047| .. |107,236| 1,985| 12,006| 32,658| 184| 5,276| 4,639| 204,592|109,109| |1888 {Cebu | 267,100| 90,385| | | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|1,197,851| .. | Small | .. | .. | 93,575| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+quantities+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |2,965,090|661,432| only |107,236| 1,985| 105,581| 32,658| 184| 5,276| 4,639| 204,592|109,109| |-------------+---------+-------+ shipped. +-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila |1,565,668|475,638| No | 92,993| 1,487| 17,965| 7,701| 387| 7,326| 3,545| 203,085|120,532| |1889 {Cebu | 187,791| 92,933| records | | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|1,748,049| .. | kept. | .. | .. | 60,739| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+ +-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |3,501,508|568,571| .. | 92,993| 1,487| 78,704| 7,701| 387| 7,326| 3,545| 203,085|120,532| |-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila | 874,088|449,606| 74,447| 76,756| 3,141| 21,934| 6,300| 501| 3,016| 374| 179,054|109,636| |1890 {Cebu | 55,280| 56,549| | | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|1,431,054| .. | .. | .. | .. | 22,635| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |2,360,422|506,155| 74,447| 76,756| 3,141| 44,569| 6,300| 501| 3,016| 374| 179,054|109,636| |-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila |1,174,374|546,854| 245,309| 45,917| 2,403| 17,051| 5,439| 452| 4,168| 2,039| 195,925| 93,248| |1891 {Cebu | 140,200| 88,693| | | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|1,357,685| .. | .. | .. | | 52,886| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |2,672,259|635,547| 245,309| 45,917| 2,403| 69,937| 5,439| 452| 4,168| 2,039| 195,925| 93,248| +-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila |1,089,054|702,228| 259,539| 21,242| 1,762| 29,634| 6,032| 507| 5,005| 5,894| 253,850|138,389| |1892 {Cebu | 294,220| 88,280| | | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|2,571,989| .. | .. | .. | | 36,277| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |3,955,263|790,508| 259,539| 21,242| 1,762| 65,911| 6,032| 507| 5,005| 5,894| 253,850|138,389| |-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila |1,712,059|561,391| 184,304| 4,910| 2,251| 53,319| 6,145| 671| 3,638| 940| 230,686|137,458| |1893 {Cebu | 271,400| 80,080| | | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|2,203,523| .. | .. | .. | | 25,376| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |4,186,982|641,471| 184,304| 4,910| 2,251| 78,695| 6,145| 671| 3,638| 940| 230,686|137,458| |-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila |1,577,523|661,550| 512,729| 9,502| 1,787| 43,368| 5,236| 347| 1,788| 1,025| 191,706|137,877| |1894 {Cebu | 163,172|119,721| | | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|1,369,507| .. | .. | .. | | 26,124| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |3,110,202|781,271| 512,729| 9,502| 1,787| 69,492| 5,236| 347| 1,788| 1,025| 191,706|137,877| |-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila |1,729,625|749,777| 549,319| 3,099| 2,938| 25,034| 6,714| 1,730| 4,044| 6,672| 233,702|146,372| |1895 {Cebu | 209,352| 89,212| 44,352| | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|1,719,115| .. | .. | .. | | 11,100| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |3,658,092|838,989| 593,671| 3,099| 2,938| 36,134| 6,714| 1,730| 4,044| 6,672| 233,702|146,372| |-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila |1,563,477|669,778| 558,509| 1,421| 3,484| 12,930| 7,127| 204| 2,803| 462| 219,640|185,017| |1896 {Cebu | 106,228| 86,818| 49,200| | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|1,957,099| .. | .. | .. | | 35,300| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |3,626,804|756,596| 607,709| 1,421| 3,484| 48,230| 7,127| 204| 2,803| 462| 219,640|185,017| +-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila | 811,059|835,067| 765,026| 2,111| 3,786| 17,325| 11,081| 689| 4,029| 251| 287,161|171,410| |1897 {Cebu | 247,110| 80,271| 46,414| | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|2,051,113| .. | .. | .. | .. | 51,300| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |3,109,282|915,338| 811,440| 2,111| 3,786| 68,625| 11,081| 689| 4,029| 251| 287,161|171,410| |-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila | 251,169|510,958| 252,840| 176| 72| 5,102| 3,648| 261| 1,122| 206| 175,170|103,707| |1898 {Cebu | 159,469|235,597| 10,562| | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|2,449,023| 46,051| .. | .. | .. | 51,610| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |2,859,661|792,606| 263,402| 176| 72| 56,712| 3,648| 261| 1,122| 206| 175,170|103,707| |-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | {Manila | 80,374|437,751| 215,819| 784| 183| .. | 6,226| 517| 2,840| 2,578| 114,261|111,646| |1899 {Cebu | 210,780|148,049| 66,282| | | | | | | | | | | {Ilo-ilo|1,197,700| 14,938| 9,221| .. | .. | 5,700| | | | | | | | +---------+-------+----------+---- --+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+ | Total |1,488,854|600,738|[1]291,322| 784| 183| 5,700| 6,226| 517| 2,840| 2,578| 114,261|111,646| +-------------+---------+-------+----------+-------+--------+-----------+---------+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+
[1] Value $1,600,000. The copra comes from Laguna, Tayahas, Albay, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao, and the bulk of it goes to Marseilles, some to Liverpool, a little to Spain and Italy.
VALUE OF LAND. MANILA-DAGUPAN RAILWAY.
First Section--Manila to San Fernando.
First sub-section, Manila to Polo. Second sub-section, Polo to Guiguinto. Third sub-section, Guiguinto to Calumpit. Fourth sub-section, Calumpit to San Fernando.
Second Section--San Fernando to Tarlac.
First sub-section, San Fernando to Angeles. Second sub-section, Angeles to Bamban. Third sub-section, Bamban to Capas. Fourth sub-section, Capas to Tarlac.
Third Section--Tarlac to Dagupan.
First sub-section, Tarlac to Panique. Second sub-section, Panique to Moncada. Third sub-section, Moncada to Bayambang. Fourth sub-section, Bayambang to San Carlos. Fifth sub-section, San Carlos to Dagupan.
AN ESTIMATE OF THE POPULATION OF THE PHILIPPINES IN 1890.
Peninsular Spaniards, including the garrisons, friars, officials and private persons. 14,000 Spaniards born in the islands. 8,000 Spanish mestizos 75,000 Foreigners of white races 2,000 Foreign mestizos 7,000 Chinese 125,000 Chinese mestizos 500,000 Moros of Mindanao, Jolo, Tawi-tawi, Basilan, Balabac, and other islands 600,000 Heathen in all the archipelago--Igorrotes, Manobos, Subanos, Monteses, Ibilaos, Aetas, Ifugaos, etc., etc. 800,000 Christian natives 5,869,000 --------- Total 8,000,000
The above is taken from a pamphlet called 'Filipinas' Fundamental Problem,' by a Spaniard long resident in those islands, published in Madrid, 1891, by D. Luis Aguado. The pamphlet itself is a violent attack on Rizal and those who sympathised with him, and holds out as the only remedy against insurrection the encouragement of Spanish immigration on an extensive scale.
ESTIMATE OF PHILIPPINE INCOME AND EXPENDITURE, 1896-97.
$ Direct Taxes--
Property tax, $140,280; industrial and commercial tax, $1,400,700; cedulas personales, [37]$5,600,000; capitation tax on Chinese, $510,190; acknowledgment of vassalage from outlaws and heathen, $20,000; tax of 10 per cent. on railway fares, $32,000; various surtaxes, $63,000; tax of 10 per cent. on the pay of employes paid by local funds, $80,000; tax of 10 per cent. on the pay of employes paid by the State, $650,000 8,496,170
Custom House--
Imports, $3,600,000; exports, [38]$1,292,550; loading tax, $410,000; unloading, $570,000; trans-shipment, $1000; warehousing, $4000; fines, surtaxes, etc., $22,000; tax on consumable goods, [39]$301,000 6,200,550
Monopoly--
Opium contract (farmed out) [40] 576,000
Stamps--
Stamped paper, do. for fines, for bills of exchange, post office stamps, patent medicine stamps, stamps for telegrams, receipts, signatures, passports, less $200,000 paid to Bolmao and Hong Kong Cable Co., etc. 646,000
Lottery--
Profits of the Manila lottery, licenses for raffles, etc. 1,000,000
Crown Property--
Rents of mining claims, $2000; royalties on forest produce, $170,000; sale of Crown lands, of buildings, and fines 257,000
Miscellaneous--
Unexpended balances, $50,000; produce of convict labour, $4000; sale of buildings and stores of War Department and Navy, $3800; profits on coining money, $200,000; sundry receipts, $40,500 298,300
Total [41]$17,474,020
$ General charges--
Ministry of the Colonies, Court of Audit, expenses of Fernando Po, civil, military and naval pensions, interest on savings bank deposits, passages of Government employes 1,507,900
State--
Diplomatic and consular expenses 74,000
Grace and Justice--
Courts of Justice, register of property, gaols, the clergy, missionaries, public worship, passages of missionaries, college for missionaries 1,896,277
Army--
Pay and allowances, provisions, forage, clothing, war-like stores, invalids, orphans, extraordinary credit for the campaign in Mindanao ($624,680) 6,042,442
Treasury--
Central administration, mint at Manila, provincial administration, pay and allowances of corps of carbineers (custom house guards), cost of selling stamped paper, of collecting taxes, of working the lottery 1,393,184
Navy--
Pay and allowances, victualling and clothing, material for the station, for the squadron, material for the arsenal ($1,260,652) 3,566,528
Civil Service--
Colonial Secretary (pay and allowances), Governor- General, civil governors, political and military governors, council of administration, the Guardia Civil, post office, telegraph, health officers of ports 2,198,350
Education and public works--
Technical schools, nautical do. of drawing, painting, sculpture and engraving, university, normal school, observatory of Manila ($20,000 per annum), pay and allowances of engineers and assistants of public works, of the woods and forests, of mines, and of the model farms 615,198
Total 17,293,879
N.B.--Expenditure on Army and Navy $9,608,970, considerably more than half the total revenue.
Value of Land.
Official valuation of land required for the construction of the Manila-Dagupan Railway. The expropriation commenced in 1888 and continued up to end of 1892, and the prices paid were far in excess of estimate.
+-------------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | | First Section. | Second Section. | Third Section. | +-------------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | Sub-section | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | +-------------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | From kil. | 0 | 13.8| 29.2| 45.8| 60.7| 75.5| 90.5|107.3|116.5|134.6|149.2|162.9|179.3| | To ,, | 13.8| 29.2| 45.8| 60.7| 75.5| 90.5|107.3|116.5|134.6|149.2|162.9|179.3|192.3| +-------------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |Water meadows or irrigated rice land |480 |240 |240 |240 |220 |200 |120 |100 | 88 | 80 |100 |140 |180 | |Rice lands (dry), 1st class |200 |192 |180 |168 |120 |108 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 32 | 48 | 72 | 80 | | ,, 2nd class |168 |160 |160 |152 | 72 | 60 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 16 | 28 | 40 | 44 | |Cane fields, 1st class |272 |240 |260 |100 | 80 | 60 | 28 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 32 | 40 | 48 | | ,, 2nd class |200 |160 |192 | 80 | 56 | 40 | 20 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 20 | 28 | 32 | |Stony land near the sea |140 |120 | | | | | | | | | | | | |Buyo (betel) plantations |240 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 72 | 72 | |Nipa palm groves | 88 | 80 | 72 | 60 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 24 | |Mangrove swamp | 76 | 60 | 48 | 32 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 12 | 16 | |Gardens and building lots |200 |180 |180 |160 |100 | 88 | 32 | 28 | 28 | 20 | 32 | 48 | 56 | |Forest land | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 10 | 6.4| 4 | 2.4| 1.6| 4 | 4 | | |Bush land | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 8 | 4.8| 2.4| 1.6| 1.6| 2.4| | | |Pasture | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 12 | 10 | | | | | | +-------------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Price is given in Mexican dollars per acre.
CARDINAL NUMBERS IN SEVEN DIALECTS.
Peninsula Luzon. Borneo. North and Three Dayak Dialects. Borneo. Islands.
Malay. Tagal. Pampango. Sabuyan. Lara. Salakan. Ida'an.
1 Satu. Isa. Isa or metung. Sat. Asa. Asa. Iso or san. 2 Dua. Dalaua. Adua. Dua. Dua. Dua. Duo. 3 Tiga. Tatlo. Atlu. Tiga. Taru. Talu. Telo. 4 Ampat. Apat. Apat. Ampat. Apat. Ampat. Apat. 5 Lima. Lima. Lima. Lima. Rima. Lima. Limo. 6 Anam. Anim. Anam. Anam. Unum. Anam. Anam. 7 Tujoh. Pito. Pitu. Tujoh. Ijo. Tujoh. Turo. 8 Dulapan. Ualo. Ualu. Lapan. Mahi. Delapan. Walo. 9 Sumbilan. Siam. Siam. Sambilan. Pire. Sambilau. Siam. 10 Sa'puloh. Sang puot. Apulu. Sapulo. Sapuloh. Sapuloh. Opod.
London: Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, Stamford Street and Charing Cross.
NOTES
[1] England has 51,000 square miles area; Wales, 7378; Ireland, 31,759; Scotland, nearly 30,000. Total, Great Britain and Ireland, etc., 121,000 square miles.
[2] Worcester, p. 446, mentions Conifers at sea level in Sibuyan Island, province of Romblon.
[3] Called in Spanish the oropendola (Broderipus achrorchus).
[4] A whip made from hippopotamus hide.
[5] Expelled in 1768. Readmitted, 1852, for charge of schools and missions.
[6] Of these 4102 were baptisms of heathen in 1896.
[7] Exchange was then at 4s. 2d.
[8] This word is formed of the first syllable of the names of three native priests executed after the Cavite mutiny, Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora.
[9] Report published in Outlook, September 1st and 21st, 1899.
[10] The Abbe de Brantome, whose appreciative remarks upon the courtesans who accompanied the Army of the Duke of Alva are quoted by Motley in 'The Rise of the Dutch Republic,' would have been delighted to take up his favourite subject and chronicle the following of the American Army.
[11] My remarks apply to the accounts published in the Times.
[12] May 11th, 1899, The New York Herald's correspondent at Manila reports that the insurgents have succeeded in landing ten machine guns on the island of Panay.
[13] The kindness and mercy are not obvious.
[14] I think, in view of the German atrocities in Africa, including many cases of flogging women, that this epithet is well earned.
[15] In making these remarks, I am not in any way desirous of depreciating the Department of Agriculture, for I hold the belief that its reports are written with exceptional ability. But this circular bears internal evidence of having been written by some person, perhaps a consul, unfamiliar with Philippine agriculture, and published without correction.
[16] Their Hong was colloquially known as Sion Corner.
[17] See the sentence of court-martial on Julius Arnold, musician of M Company, 25th Infantry, for murdering a woman under the most atrocious circumstances it is possible to imagine.
[18] The Krakatoa explosion was heard all over the Southern Philippines like the firing of heavy guns, although the distance in a straight line is over 1500 miles. This will give some idea of the loudness of volcanic explosions.
[19] The territory occupied by each tribe is shown on the general map of Mindanao by the number on this list.
[20] Ajonjoli (Sesamun Indicum, L.). See Chap. XIX. for Gogo.
[21] The Blachang of the Malays.
[22] Pristiophoridae.
[23] Raiidae.
[24] 'Comentarios Reales.' Garcilasso Inca de la Vega.
[25] Some ridiculous person has stated in a magazine article that they have no word in Tagal equivalent to Thank you. This is not true, for the word Salamat is the exact equivalent.
[26] The roller pinions in both Chinese and native mills are of hard wood.
[27] Crocodilus Porosus.
[28] They sell about 25,000 bales per annum.
[29] The above was the Christian Visyas population, and is exclusive of Negritos, Mundos, and other heathen savages and remontados. The area is taken from a Spanish official report.
[30] See 'In Court and Kampong,' by Hugh Clifford.
[31] The territory of Sibuguey is almost unexplored.
[32] The principal industry of Christians or Moros, is washing the sands and alluvial soils for gold, which is found in abundance. Agriculture is progressing.
[33] The principal industry is washing the sands and mining for gold.
[34] From Jesuit records the Christian population of Davao was 12,000 in 1896. This number included over 3000 converted Moros. There were also some 2,000 Moros residing there. The Jesuits residing on the spot must know best.
[35] Nieto gives the total as 200,000. I have divided them as above.
[36] Value $1,600,000. The copra comes from Laguna, Tayahas, Albay, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao, and the bulk of it goes to Marseilles, some to Liverpool, a little to Spain and Italy.
[37] The total receipts from this tax are $7,000,000 The local funds receive 20 per cent., say $1,400,000 ---------- Remainder $5,600,000
[38] See Table of dues on Exports.
[39] See Table of this tax.
[40] In August 1900 the Straits Settlements Government received offers for the opium and spirit farms in Singapore, Penang and Malacca, for three years from January 7th, 1901, amounting to $385,000 per month.
[41] In 1886-87 the revenue only amounted to $9,324,974; the Army estimates for 1888 were $3,918,760, the Navy $2,573,776. If to the revenue of 1896-97 we add the amount paid over to local funds, the total will be double the revenue raised ten years before.