Chapter 12 of 21 · 3999 words · ~20 min read

Part 12

ANT. _Despair, despondency, distrust, abandonment, disbelief, abjuration._

=Horizontal.= Plain, flat, level, even, plane.

ANT. _Vertical, inclined, uneven, slanting, sloping, hilly, broken, irregular, rough, rolling, rugged._

=Horrible.= Horrid, frightful, terrible, terrific, alarming, dire, portentous, appalling, horrific, horrifying, formidable, awful, harrowing, dreadful, hideous, fearful; abominable, ghastly, detestable, hateful, direful.

ANT. _Lovely, desirable, enjoyable, attractive, beautiful, fair, pleasant, amiable._

=Horror.= Fright, alarm, dread, fear, consternation, terror, affright, dismay, panic; abomination, abhorrence, detestation, disgust, hatred, shuddering, antipathy; shrinking.

ANT. _Love, attraction, enticement, allurement._

=Horse.= Steed, charger, stallion, gelding, mare, colt, pony, nag, courser, barb, filly, palfrey; cavalry, horsemen; stand, support, frame.

=Hospitable.= Generous, liberal, bountiful, open, kind, unconstrained, unreserved, receptive, large-minded; sociable, neighborly, charitable.

ANT. _Unsociable, exclusive, retired, recluse, unneighborly, churlish._

=Host.= Entertainer; innkeeper, landlord; army, legion; multitude, horde, throng, number, assemblage.

ANT. _Handful, sprinkling, group, knot, corps, section; guest, traveler, boarder, lodger._

=Hostage.= Sponsor, bail, surety.

ANT. _Dictator, conqueror._

=Hostile.= Inimical, unfriendly; adverse, opposite, contrary, repugnant, opposing, opposed.

ANT. _Friendly, kindly, amicable, neighborly, cordial, congenial._

=Hostility.= Enmity, animosity, hatred, unfriendliness, ill will; opposition, repugnance, variance, contrariety.

ANT. _Companionship, congeniality, sympathy, harmony, fellow-feeling, concord, alliance, kindliness, friendship._

=Hot.= Burning, fiery, scalding, heated, very warm; irascible, impetuous, excitable, passionate, hasty, furious, violent; ardent, fervent, vehement, eager, glowing, animated, fervid; biting, pungent, sharp, acrid, peppery, stinging, piquant, high-flavored; choleric.

ANT. _Cold, frigid, cool, arctic, chilled, chilly, boreal, bleak, wintry, frosty, icy; apathetic, unresponsive, unfeeling, stoical, passionless, uninspiring, dull, dead, indifferent, unconcerned._

=Huge.= Immense, enormous, colossal, vast, bulky, stupendous, gigantic, elephantine, Herculean, Cyclopean, large, great, monstrous, prodigious.

ANT. _Petty, pigmy, puny, undersized, small, minute._

=Human.= Cosmical, ethnical, anthropological, rational, civilized.

ANT. _Inhuman, beastly, irrational, animal, brutish._

=Humane.= Kind, benevolent, benignant, accommodating, tender, compassionate, charitable, sympathetic, gentle, clement, kind-hearted; tender-hearted; elevating, refining, cultivating, rational, spiritual, humanizing; benign, merciful, gracious, pitying, human, forgiving.

ANT. _Barbarous; inhuman, unkind, cruel, unmerciful._

=Humanity.= Mankind; benevolence, kindness, philanthropy, tenderness, sympathy, charity, humaneness, good nature; human spirit, rationality, reason, culture; man, compassion, sensibility.

ANT. _Unkindness, cruelty, inhumanity, irrationality, bestiality, barbarity._

=Humanize.= Soften, make humane; civilize, cultivate, refine, polish, improve, enlighten, reclaim, educate; ameliorate, christianize.

ANT. _Barbarize, degrade, debase, brutalize, depress._

=Humble.= Meek, modest, unassuming, unobtrusive, lowly, unpretending, submissive, small, poor, low; obscure.

ANT. _High, lofty, assuming, pretentious, proud, boastful, arrogant, eminent._

=Humid.= Damp, wet, moist, vaporous, dank, spongy.

ANT. _Dry, arid, moistureless, parched._

=Humor=, _n._ Disposition, temper, bent, propensity, bias, predilection; mood, frame of mind, fancy, caprice, whim, freak, vagary, crotchet; pleasantry, fun, jocularity, wit, facetiousness.

ANT. _Nature, personality, mind, purpose, will, seriousness._

=Humorous.= Facetious, jocular, jocose, funny, comical, sportive, comic, ludicrous, pleasant, witty.

ANT. _Grave, serious, sober, matter-of-fact, solemn, sad._

=Hurry=, _n._ Flutter, flurry, precipitation, confusion, bluster, bustle, agitation, perturbation; haste, despatch, celerity, expedition, quickness, promptness.

ANT. _Slowness; composure._

=Hurry=, _v._ Haste, hasten, move quickly; urge, speed, expedite, despatch, accelerate.

ANT. _Delay, retard, slow down; loiter, saunter, move slowly._

=Hurt=, _n._ Damage, harm, injury, mischief, disadvantage, detriment, wound.

ANT. _Benefit, pleasure._

=Hurt=, _v._ Injure, harm, damage, impair, mar; pain, wound; grieve, afflict, bruise.

ANT. _Heal, soothe, console, repair, benefit, compensate, reinstate._

=Hurtful.= Harmful, injurious, mischievous, detrimental, deleterious, disadvantageous, baneful, noxious, prejudicial, pernicious, baleful.

ANT. _Helpful, beneficial, advantageous, wholesome, salubrious, good, sanative, remedial._

=Hybrid.= Mixed, impure, mongrel, mule, half-breed.

ANT. _Pure, unmixed, thoroughbred._

=Hypocrisy.= Formalism, Pharisaism, cant, pietism, sanctimoniousness, assumed piety; deceit, deception, dissimulation, false profession, imposture; sanctimony, pretense, sham, affectation.

ANT. _Sincerity, transparency, truth, honesty, genuineness, candor, frankness, openness, ingenuousness, truthfulness._

=Hypocrite.= Deceiver, impostor, pretender, cheat, dissembler; Pharisee, formalist.

ANT. _Saint, believer, Christian; dupe, bigot, fanatic, simpleton._

=Hypocritical.= Canting, Pharisaical, sanctimonious; insincere, dissembling, false, hollow, faithless, deceitful, unctuous, smug, smooth, mincing.

ANT. _Candid, truthful, sincere, plain-spoken, transparent, genuine._

=Hypothesis.= Scheme, speculation, system, supposition, conjecture, guess, surmise, theory.

ANT. _Certainty, demonstration, evidence, fact, proof, discovery._

I

=Idea.= Concept, conception, impression, judgment, plan, opinion, purpose, conceit, design, fancy, pattern, thought, theory, belief, image, imagination, notion, supposition, ideal, apprehension, fantasy, model, sentiment, archetype; doctrine, understanding; fiction.

ANT. _Object, form, subject; substance, fact, actuality, reality._

=Ideal=, _n._ Idea, archetype, original, model, standard, prototype.

ANT. _Fact, performance, reality, practice, act, accomplishment, achievement, action, realization, attainment, development, doing, incarnation, embodiment, execution._

=Ideal=, _a._ Mental, conceptional, intellectual, notional, creative, spiritual, poetical, supposititious, unreal, fictitious, imaginary, fanciful, imaginative, chimerical.

ANT. _Physical, material, visible, tangible, historical, substantial, real, actual, palpable._

=Ideality.= Imagination, conception, invention, fancy, creativeness, genius.

ANT. _Imitation, uninventiveness, copyism, unimaginativeness; literality._

=Identical.= Same, selfsame, not different; particular.

ANT. _Different, separate, contrary._

=Identify.= Prove identical, make identical, confound; unite, integrate, incorporate, recognize, verify.

ANT. _Divide, disunite, confound, confuse, overlook, mistake._

=Identity.= Sameness, unity, oneness, union, personality, individuality, convertibility.

ANT. _Difference, separateness, distinctness, contrariety, plurality._

=Idiocy.= Imbecility; foolishness, fatuity, irrationality; aberration, insanity; stupidity, folly, senselessness, incapacity.

ANT. _Intelligence, sagacity, wisdom, capacity, brilliancy, astuteness, acuteness, sense, common sense, soundness; sanity, judgment._

=Idiom.= Specialty, phrase, turn, peculiarity, characteristic.

ANT. _Barbarism, solecism._

=Idiosyncrasy.= Peculiarity, idiocrasy; constitution, temperament, specialty, characteristic, individuality, singularity, eccentricity.

ANT. _Community, universality, generality._

=Idiot.= Fool, natural, imbecile.

ANT. _Sage, authority, luminary._

=Idle.= Unbusied, unused, leisure; useless, ineffectual, fruitless, bootless, unavailing, vain, abortive, futile; trifling, trivial, unimportant, trashy, foolish, unprofitable; waste, empty; indolent, inert, lazy, slothful, unoccupied, vacant, inactive, sluggish, unemployed.

ANT. _Active, busy, diligent, industrious, employed, working; occupied; tilled; filled, populated; assiduous._

=Idolize.= Deify; adore, worship, reverence, venerate.

ANT. _Loathe, abominate, execrate, abhor._

=Ignoble.= Plebeian, vulgar, untitled, baseborn, low, mean, rustic, peasant; worthless, insignificant, contemptible; dishonorable, disgraceful, inferior, unworthy; humble.

ANT. _Honorable, eminent, exalted, noble, lordly, illustrious, grand, notable._

=Ignominious.= Dishonorable, infamous, disgraceful, shameful, scandalous, disreputable, opprobrious; despicable, base, deserving ignominy, contemptible.

ANT. _Honorable, creditable, reputable, estimable, worthy._

=Ignominy.= Dishonor, disgrace, discredit, shame, infamy, disrepute, contempt, obloquy, opprobrium, scandal, abasement, odium; reprobation, reproach.

ANT. _Credit, honor, reputation, glory, luster, distinction, renown._

=Ignoramus.= Smatterer, novice, wiseacre, dunce, simpleton, dullard, greenhorn, numskull.

ANT. _Savant, sage, luminary._

=Ignorance.= Illiteracy, stupidity, nescience, blindness, darkness.

ANT. _Knowledge, wisdom, sense, learning, erudition._

=Ignorant.= Illiterate, unlearned, unlettered, unskilled, untaught, untutored, uneducated, ill-informed, uninstructed, uninformed.

ANT. _Educated, learned, instructed, sage, wise, skilled, cultured, trained, well-informed, cultivated._

=Ignore.= Disregard, neglect, overlook, not recognize; set aside, reject; disown, repudiate.

ANT. _Own, notice, recognize, mark, visit, avow, claim._

=Ill=, _n._ Wickedness, depravity, evil; misfortune, calamity, affliction, misery, harm, pain.

ANT. _Good, blessing, fortune; righteousness, integrity, honor._

=Ill=, _a._ Bad, evil, unfortunate, unfavorable; wicked, wrong, iniquitous, naughty; sick, ailing, diseased, disordered, poorly, indisposed; cross, crabbed, surly, peevish, hateful, malicious; ill-favored, ugly.

ANT. _Well, strong, good, vigorous, healthy, robust, hearty, hale._

=Ill-bred.= Impolite, uncivil, uncourteous, uncourtly, uncouth, unpolished, rude, ill-behaved, ill-mannered.

ANT. _Polite, well-behaved, civil, refined, courteous._

=Illuminate.= Light, illumine, illume; enlighten, make wise, instruct, inspire; emblazon, irradiate.

ANT. _Darken, obscure, bedim, mislead, delude._

=Illusion.= Delusion, hallucination, deception, error, fallacy, mockery, fantasy, phantasm, chimera; dream, vision, myth.

ANT. _Body, substance, form, reality, actuality, essence._

=Illusive.= Delusive, deceptive, deceitful, fallacious; visionary, unreal, disappointing, fugitive, erroneous, false, imaginary, illusory, chimerical.

ANT. _Substantial, real, true, satisfactory, solid, permanent._

=Illustrate.= Elucidate, explain, exemplify, make clear; interpret, demonstrate, represent, embody, paint, image; adorn with pictures.

ANT. _Obscure, misinterpret, confuse, mystify, darken, misrepresent._

=Illustrious.= Glorious, splendid, brilliant, bright, radiant; famous, famed, noted, renowned, distinguished, celebrated, eminent, signal, remarkable, conspicuous; deathless, noble.

ANT. _Ignominious, disgraceful, infamous, inglorious, disreputable._

=Ill will.= Malevolence, unkindness, malice, enmity, hatred, hate, rancor, envy, grudge, uncharitableness, ill nature; antipathy, dislike, aversion.

ANT. _Good will, benevolence, beneficence._

=Im-= or =In-=. This prefix, which is regularly _in-_, and which becomes _il-_ before _l_, _ir-_ before _r_, and _im-_ before a labial, means _in_, _into_, _on_, or _among_, or denotes the negative _not_, or, occasionally, has a simple intensive meaning. Such words as begin with this prefix without modification of the combined meaning of the prefix and root word, will be easily derived from the antonyms and synonyms of the root words. Others of more derived meaning are found here.

=Image.= Statue; idol, object of worship; likeness, effigy, figure, resemblance, similitude, representation, picture; trope, metaphor; idea, copy, conception, fiction, shadow, vision.

ANT. _Person, original, substance, subject, object, reality, truth, verity._

=Imagery.= Phantasm, phantom, vision, dream; tropes, figures of speech, poetry, fancy, illustration, metaphor, similitude.

ANT. _Prose, statement, fact._

=Imagination.= Conception, invention, ideality, fancy, fantasy, creative power; esemplastic faculty; idea, notion; contrivance, scheme, device, plot; illusion.

=Imaginative.= Inventive, creative, plastic, poetical, esemplastic, poetic; conceptive, romantic, ideal, original.

ANT. _Unimaginative, unpoetical, prosaic, unromantic, literal, uninventive, matter-of-fact._

=Imagine.= Conceive, think, image, fancy, picture; devise, contrive, frame, project, invent, create, mold; suppose, assume; deem, apprehend, believe; surmise, understand, fabricate, presume.

ANT. _Represent, exhibit, depict, prove, demonstrate, verify, substantiate._

=Imbecile=, _a._ Weak, feeble, helpless, infirm, decrepit; foolish, witless, idiotic, driveling, fatuous.

ANT. _Shrewd, clever, sagacious._

=Imbecility.= Weakness, debility, feebleness, infirmity, helplessness; foolishness, childishness, idiocy, fatuity, dotage, senility.

ANT. _Strength, energy, virility, vigor, power._

=Imbibe.= Absorb, take in, suck in, swallow up; receive, gather, gain, acquire, get, pick up; assimilate, learn.

ANT. _Discard, reject, renounce, disavow, abjure, repudiate._

=Imitate.= Copy, follow, pattern after; mimic, ape, mock, impersonate, take off; burlesque, travesty, parody; represent, resemble, portray, depict, repeat, counterfeit.

ANT. _Misrepresent, caricature, alter, vary, distort, remodel, differentiate, dissimilate, modify._

=Imitative.= Imitating, copying, mimicking, aping, apish, caricaturing, unoriginal, servile.

ANT. _Original, creative, inventive._

=Immaculate.= Spotless, unspotted, stainless, unsullied, unsoiled, untainted, unblemished, untarnished, clean, pure, undefiled; innocent, guiltless, sinless, faultless, fair, holy, saintly; virgin, unpolluted.

ANT. _Impure, corrupt, sinful, contaminated, defiled, polluted, tainted, spotted._

=Immanent.= Intrinsic, inherent, internal, indwelling; empirical; innate, subjective, congenital, ingrained, natural, implicit.

ANT. _Emanant, transitive, developed, projective, exsilient, phenomenal, explicit, accidental, transcendental, transeunt._

=Immaterial.= Incorporeal, unbodied, unfleshly, spiritual, supersensible; unimportant, insignificant, unessential, non-essential, trivial, trifling.

ANT. _Material, physical, important, corporeal, essential._

=Immature.= Unripe, crude, raw, green, unformed, unprepared, imperfect, rudimentary, unfinished; premature, hasty, unseasonable, untimely; undeveloped.

ANT. _Ripe, complete, developed, mature, finished._

=Immeasurable.= Illimitable, unbounded, boundless, limitless, measureless, immense, infinite; vast, unfathomable.

ANT. _Finite, limited, circumscribed, restricted, shallow, bounded._

=Immediate.= Proximate, close, near, next; direct, unmediated; instantaneous, instant, present; contiguous.

ANT. _Distant, remote, mediate, future._

=Immediately.= Presently, this instant, straightway, directly, forthwith, at once, now, right off, instantly, without delay.

ANT. _Hereafter, by-and-by, after a while, sometime._

=Immemorial.= Olden, ancient, hoary, archaic, primitive, remote, time-honored, primordial.

ANT. _Recent, modern, late, fresh, upstart._

=Immerse.= Dip, plunge, submerge, sink, douse, duck, bury; soak, steep, macerate, drown, inundate, overwhelm.

ANT. _Dry, drain, parch, ventilate, air, ground, strand._

=Immigration.= Migration, colonization, settlement.

ANT. _Exodus, emigration._

=Imminent.= Impending, hovering, threatening.

ANT. _Improbable, doubtful, unexpected, unlikely, contingent, chimerical, problematical; warded, staved, escaped._

=Immunity.= Freedom, exemption, release, exoneration; prerogative, privilege, right, liberty, charter, franchise; dispensation.

ANT. _Liability, obligation, jurisdiction, impost, amenability, burden._

=Imp.= Sprite, hobgoblin, demon, devil, flibbertigibbet, scamp, brat.

ANT. _Cherub, angel._

=Impact.= Impulse, shock, impression, stroke; collision, contact, striking, impinging; application.

ANT. _Isolation, separation, interval, removal, avoidance, non-contact, shave._

=Impair.= Deteriorate, vitiate, injure, harm, make worse; lessen, diminish, decrease; enervate, weaken, enfeeble; reduce, damage.

ANT. _Enhance, improve, repair, augment, better, increase._

=Impassioned.= Passionate, vehement, impetuous, animated, exciting, glowing, intense, fervid, fervent, warm, ardent, zealous; spirited.

ANT. _Cool, impassive, unimpassioned, apathetic, indifferent._

=Impatience.= Uneasiness, disquietude, restlessness; haste, vehemence, eagerness, precipitation, impetuosity; heat, violence of temper, irritability, irritableness.

ANT. _Patience, calmness, endurance, composure, leniency, submission, forbearance, long-suffering._

=Impediment.= Bar, hindrance, obstacle, obstruction, difficulty, clog, encumbrance, stumbling-block, check.

ANT. _Assistance, aid, benefit, help, relief, succor, advantage; aidance, support, furtherance._

=Imperative.= Commanding, authoritative, peremptory; binding, obligatory; urgent, irresistible, dictatorial, inexorable, compulsory.

ANT. _Indulgent, lenient, supplicatory, mild, optional, discretional, entreative._

=Imperial.= Belonging to an empire, kingly, regal, sovereign, royal; majestic, grand, magnificent, exalted, great, noble, supreme, consummate, superb.

ANT. _Ignoble, servile, slavish, beggarly, mean, paltry._

=Imperious.= Magisterial, dictatorial, despotic, domineering, tyrannical, overbearing, lordly, haughty, arrogant, authoritative, exacting.

ANT. _Yielding, compliant, submissive, gentle, mild, docile, ductile._

=Impetuous.= Fierce, vehement, violent, furious, passionate, precipitate, hasty, headlong, over-zealous, reckless, rash, excitable.

ANT. _Careful, slow, deliberate, thoughtful, reflective, leisurely._

=Implement.= Utensil, tool, appliance, instrument.

ANT. _Labor, work, science, art, agriculture, manufacture._

=Implicate.= Entangle, enfold, involve, connect, associate, compromise, charge, incriminate.

ANT. _Disconnect, extricate, acquit, dissociate._

=Implication.= Entanglement, involution; inference, conclusion; intricacy, complication; concealment, latency; allusion, insinuation, innuendo, adumbration.

ANT. _Arrangement, system, orderliness; manifestation, expression, exposition, demonstration, production._

=Implicit.= Understood, implied, inferred, tacit; unreserved, unhesitating, firm, steadfast, unshaken, undoubting; involved.

ANT. _Expressed, explicit, developed, stated, plain, specific, unambiguous._

=Imply.= Involve, import, include, signify, mean, indicate, suggest, hint, denote.

ANT. _Express, declare, state, pronounce._

=Import=, _n._ Meaning, sense, purport, drift, signification, gist, spirit, bearing, tenor, intention.

ANT. _Statement, proceeding._

=Import=, _v._ Bring into; purport, denote, imply, betoken, signify, mean; concern, be of significance to; introduce.

ANT. _Export, banish, exile, send abroad._

=Importance.= Consequence, moment, weight, significance, momentousness, import, concern; avail; self-importance, pomposity.

ANT. _Nothingness, insignificance, unimportance, immateriality._

=Important.= Grave, weighty, momentous, serious, material, significant; influential, prominent, pompous, self-important, consequential; expressive, leading, main, relevant, considerable, essential, great, dignified.

ANT. _Insignificant, trivial, inconsiderable, irrelevant, secondary, petty, mean, uninfluential, minor, unimportant._

=Importunate.= Urgent, pertinacious, pressing, teasing, busy, solicitous, overurgent, overentreative.

ANT. _Modest, diffident, self-reliant, self-respecting._

=Importune.= Urge, entreat, press, solicit, dun, beset, pester, tease, worry, trouble.

ANT. _Surrender, sacrifice, abandon; grant, bestow._

=Impose.= Put, set, lay, place; appoint, enjoin, prescribe; obtrude, palm off, pass; inflict, subject.

ANT. _Remove, disburden, unload, free; hold up, arrest, disclose._

=Imposing.= Stately, august, majestic, grand, noble, commanding, impressive; striking, effective, dignified.

ANT. _Petty, undignified, unimposing, insignificant, paltry, puny._

=Imposition.= Imposing, putting, placing, laying; burden, levy, tax, constraint, oppression, injunction; deception, fraud, artifice, trickery, imposture, cheating; presumption, exaction, encroachment.

ANT. _Sanction, warrant, authority; truth, verity, fact, certainty, verification, genuineness, authenticity, honesty._

=Impost.= Tax, duty, custom, excise, levy, toll, tribute, rate; imposition.

ANT. _Revenue, proceeds, exemption, immunity._

=Impostor.= Deceiver, pretender, cheat, hypocrite, knave, charlatan, mountebank, rogue, Pharisee, trickster, dissembler.

ANT. _Guide, enlightener, detector, undeceiver._

=Imposture.= Cheat, trick, deception, imposition, fraud, ruse, delusion, dodge, artifice, wile, deceit, stratagem, hoax.

ANT. _Truth, fact, verity, reality._

=Impotence.= Disability, incapacity, incompetence, powerlessness, weakness, inefficiency, infirmity, frailty, imbecility, inability, incapability, helplessness, disqualification.

ANT. _Capacity, vigor, qualification, ability._

=Impoverish.= Make poor or indigent, exhaust, deplete, rob, beggar, fleece, denude.

ANT. _Enrich, aggrandize, augment, store, enhance, endow._

=Impregnable.= Invincible, unassailable, invulnerable, immovable, inexpugnable, secure, tenable, irrefragable.

ANT. _Pregnable, weak, exposed, defenseless, expugnable._

=Impregnate.= Fecundate, imbue, infuse, tincture, saturate, fill, fertilize; mix, combine, insert, steep, vivify, teach.

ANT. _Remove, evolve, extricate, separate, destroy, quench, extinguish, be studious, learn._

=Impression.= Printing, stamping, imprinting; stamp, impress, brand; mark; sensation, effect, influence; notion, idea, opinion, fancy.

ANT. _Concept, apprehension, comprehension._

=Impressive.= Affecting, touching, moving, stirring, powerful, striking, overpowering; forcible, solemn, imposing, important.

ANT. _Weak, feeble, vapid, tame, unimpressive, dry, insignificant._

=Improve.= Mend, gain, become better, get on, gain ground; increase, rise, be enhanced; better, amend, ameliorate, rectify; progress; avail one’s self of, use, make productive; correct, reform.

ANT. _Debase, deteriorate, vitiate, spoil, mar, impair, injure, depress._

=Improvement.= Amending, bettering, amelioration, amendment, progress, efficiency, proficiency, advancement, use, betterment; increase, correction.

ANT. _Degeneracy, retrogradation, degeneration, debasement, deterioration, retrogression._

=Impudence.= Assurance, boldness, impertinence, pertness, rudeness, sauciness, effrontery, forwardness, incivility, insolence, presumption, officiousness, intrusiveness.

ANT. _Bashfulness, humility, diffidence, meekness, lowliness, modesty, submissiveness; coyness, obsequiousness, subserviency, abasement._

=Impugn.= Attack, assail, contradict, oppose, resist, gainsay, controvert, deny, blame.

ANT. _Declare, state, allege, approve, commend, defend, repel; propose, propound, confront, face._

=Impulse.= Thrust, push, impetus; passion, instinct, proclivity, inclination, appetite; motive, influence, incitement, instigation, incentive, force, sudden thought.

ANT. _Deliberation, premeditation, rebuff, repulse._

=Impulsive.= Propulsive, impelling, moving; hot, quick, rash, hasty, passionate; wayward, impressible.

ANT. _Discreet, hesitating, reluctant, timid, calculating, wary, cautious._

=Impute.= Ascribe, refer, charge, attribute, imply, insinuate.

ANT. _Withdraw, retract, recall; clear, justify, acquit._

=Inane.= Empty, void; worthless, trifling, vacuous, vain, puerile, frivolous; pointless, feeble, vapid, characterless.

ANT. _Significant, pointed, powerful, sensible, forcible._

=Inanition.= Emptiness, vacuity, inanity; vanity, folly, puerility, worthlessness, frivolousness; exhaustion, starvation.

ANT. _Fulness, repletion, plethora; significance, meaning._

=Inaugurate.= Install, invest, induct; celebrate; commence, begin, initiate, originate.

ANT. _Divert, deprive, conclude, terminate._

=Inauguration.= Investiture, installation, induction, consecration, institution, initiation; commencement, formal opening, beginning, origination.

ANT. _Dismissal, discharge; valediction, valedictory; close, conclusion, end, termination._

=Incandescence.= White heat, incalescence, glow.

ANT. _Iciness, refrigeration, congelation, crystallization._

=Incantation.= Sorcery, charm, enchantment, spell, magic, conjuration, witchcraft, witchery, necromancy; recitation, invocation.

ANT. _Evocation, exorcism._

=Incarnation.= Embodiment, impersonation, manifestation, exemplification, personification.

ANT. _Disembodiment, abstraction, spiritualization._

=Incendiarism.= Arson; conflagration.

ANT. _Extinction, quenching, annihilation._

=Incense=, _v._ Enrage, exasperate, irritate, provoke, inflame, anger, excite, heat, chafe, sting, nettle, gall.

ANT. _Allay, soothe, pacify, appease, conciliate, mollify._

=Incentive.= Inducement, incitement, spur, impulse, stimulant, goad, motive, cause, encouragement, rousing, excitation.

ANT. _Deterrent, prohibition, warning, discouragement, dissuasion._

=Inception.= Beginning, inauguration, commencement.

ANT. _Ending, finis, conclusion, termination._

=Incessant.= Ceaseless, continual, unceasing, unremitting, perpetual, constant, everlasting, eternal, uninterrupted, unintermittent.

ANT. _Periodic, occasional, intermittent, interrupted._

=Incidence.= Impact, stroke, impingement.

ANT. _Reflection, resilience, rebound._

=Incident=, _n._ Event, occurrence, circumstance, chance, accident, fact, adventure, casualty.

ANT. _Cause, antecedent, reason, tendency, inducement, influence._

=Incident=, =Incidental=, _a._ Happening, liable; belonging, pertaining, appertaining, natural, relating; falling, impinging; casual, occasional, pertinent, fortuitous, concurrent, concomitant, accidental.

ANT. _Regular, systematic, disconnected, independent, irrelative, inherent, essential, immanent, invariable, uniform._

=Incipient.= Beginning, inchoate, commencing, embryonic.

ANT. _Final, terminal._

=Inclemency.= Harshness, severity, rigor, roughness, boisterousness, storminess, tempestuousness.

ANT. _Clemency, mildness, leniency, gentleness._

=Inclement.= Harsh, tyrannical, cruel, unmerciful, severe, rigorous, stormy, rough, boisterous.

ANT. _Benign, clement, mild, genial, merciful._

=Inclination.= Inclining, slope, leaning, slant; trend, verging, obliquity; disposition, predilection, bent, bias, proclivity, proneness, tendency, leaning, aptitude, propensity; desire, wish, fondness, liking,

## partiality; aptness, attachment, affection.

ANT. _Tangency, disinclination, divergence, ineptitude, inaptness, dislike._

=Incline=, _v._ Slant, lean, slope; trend, verge, tend; be disposed, have a desire _or_ propensity; dispose, predispose, turn, bias; bend, bow; bear, dip, induce, prompt.

ANT. _Deter, restrain, check; ascend, rise; indispose, disincline._

=Include.= Hold, contain; comprise, embody, comprehend, embrace, take in.

ANT. _Exclude, leave out._

=Inclusive.= Enclosing, encircling; including, comprehending, embracing; comprehensive, additive, implied.

ANT. _Exclusive, excepted; adversative, opposite, contrary, antithetical._

=Income.= Revenue, profits, gains; proceeds, pay, allowance.

ANT. _Expenditure, disbursement, outlay, expense._

=Incongruous.= Inconsistent, unsuitable, absurd, conflicting, discordant, discrepant, repugnant, mismated, incompatible, inapposite, contrary, contradictory, inappropriate, inharmonious, ill-matched, irreconcilable, mismatched.

ANT. _Consistent, harmonious, suitable, accordant, agreeing, compatible._

=Increase=, _n._ Accession, growth, extension, augmentation, addition, enlargement, expansion, increment; product, produce, gain, profit; offspring, issue, progeny, descendants.

ANT. _Deduction, detraction, diminution, contraction, loss, waste, detriment, curtailment, reduction, expenditure, impoverishment._

=Increase=, _v._ Advance, heighten, pile up, enhance, aggregate, dilate, magnify, spread, augment, greaten, enlarge, raise; extend, prolong; aggravate, intensify; grow; multiply, be fruitful.

ANT. _Decrease, lessen, diminish, decline, abate, lower, reduce, curtail, retrench._

=Inculcate.= Infuse, impress, enforce, instil, implant, ingraft, urge, teach.

ANT. _Insinuate, suggest, abjure, disavow, denounce._

=Incumbent.= Obligatory, binding, devolving; lying, leaning, reclining, resting, weighing down, prone; coercive, indispensable, urgent; threatening, impending.

ANT. _Optional, discretional, elective, voluntary._

=Incur.= Contract, become liable to; bring on; meet, run.

ANT. _Avoid, shun._

=Incursion.= Inroad, raid, invasion, irruption, descent, foray, sally, encroachment.

ANT. _Encampment, retreat, abode, settlement._

=Indebted.= Owing, obliged, beholden, under obligation.

ANT. _Disobliged, unbeholden._

=Indeed.= Truly, really, verily, positively, absolutely, in fact, veritably, certainly, in truth; strictly, in point of fact.

ANT. _By no means, not at all._

=Indefatigable.= Unwearied, untiring, persevering, persistent, assiduous, sedulous, unremitting, never-tiring, unflagging; incessant, indomitable.

ANT. _Idle, indifferent, indolent._

=Indelible.= Ineffaceable, indestructible, ingrained, indefeasible, irreversible, persistent.

ANT. _Mutable, evanescent, transient, effaceable._

=Indemnify.= Secure, save; compensate, remunerate, reimburse, requite; satisfy.

ANT. _Fine, mulct, amerce._

=Indicate.= Show, denote, mark, betoken, signify, point out, designate, specify; evidence, evince, betray, manifest, declare.

ANT. _Conceal, misdirect, falsify, misindicate, negative, contradict._

=Indication.= Indicating sign, mark, note, index, symptom, token, hint, suggestion, manifestation; evidence, demonstration, proof, prognostic.

ANT. _Silence, surmise, misdirection, undemonstrativeness, misguidance, misindication._

=Indictment.= Indicting, presentment; accusation, charge, impeachment, arraignment, crimination.

=Indifference.= Neutrality, impartiality, disinterestedness; unconcern, apathy, coolness, negligence, carelessness, inattention, heedlessness; triviality, insignificance, unimportance; inferiority; insensibility, composure.

ANT. _Importance, interest, significance, weight, gravity, affection, ardor, eagerness._

=Indifferent.= Neutral, unbiased, impartial, disinterested; cool, unconcerned, unmoved, cold, inattentive, apathetic, dead, regardless, heedless, unmindful; equal, all the same, all one, just the same; passable, tolerable, ordinary, middling, mediocre, rather poor; lukewarm, careless.

ANT. _Anxious, careful, susceptible, sympathetic, sensitive._

=Indigent.= Poor, needy, destitute, necessitous, reduced, penniless, moneyless, distressed, insolvent, in want; impecunious, straitened.

ANT. _Wealthy, moneyed, rich, affluent, opulent._

=Indignation.= Resentment, anger, ire, wrath, fury, rage, exasperation, choler; denunciation, displeasure, protestation.

ANT. _Gratification, admiration, approval, applause, complacency._

=Indignity.= Insult, outrage, affront, slight, dishonor, abuse, disrespect, contumely, reproach, opprobrium, obloquy; rudeness, contemptuousness, ignominy, disgrace.

ANT. _Deference, compliment, honor, respect._

=Indiscriminate.= Undistinguishing, undiscriminating; mixed, confused, mingled, promiscuous, indistinguishable; ill-assorted, undiscerning.

ANT. _Careful, sorted, select, discerning._

=Indisposed.= Averse, disinclined, unwilling, reluctant, backward, loath; ill, ailing, sick.

ANT. _Prompt, willing, eager, desirous, inclined; healthful, sound._

=Indite.= Compose, write, dictate, pen; prompt, suggest, word, describe, phrase.

ANT. _Transcribe, copy, imitate, duplicate._

=Individual=, _n._ Person, personage, character, some one; unit, single instance; personality.

ANT. _Species, genus, family, kind._

=Individual=, _a._ Particular, special, separate, single, unique, one; peculiar, personal; positive, decided, unconventional, independent, specific, indivisible, singular, identical, idiosyncratic.

ANT. _General, common, collective, plural, universal._

=Individuality.= Personality, distinct existence; character, decision, self-direction, originality, self-determination, uniqueness.

ANT. _Generality, mediocrity._

=Indolence.= Laziness, sloth, inertness, idleness, sluggishness, slothfulness.

ANT. _Activity, energy._

=Indomitable.= Unyielding, unconquerable, invincible; untamable, irrepressible, indefatigable.

ANT. _Effortless, feeble, languid._

=Indorse.= Superscribe; sanction, approve, vouch for, confirm, ratify; accept.

ANT. _Protest, repudiate, renounce, abjure, cancel._

=Induce.= Influence, impel, move, prompt, instigate, persuade, actuate, urge, incite, spur, prevail upon; cause, produce, effect, bring on.

ANT. _Prevent, disincline, dissuade, deter, hinder, restrain._

=Induction.= Introduction, installation, inauguration, institution; conclusion, inference, generalization, inductive method; collection, collation, application.

ANT. _Statement, hypothesis; deduction; subtraction; principle, class, law, proposition, argumentation, discourse._

=Indulge.= Gratify, yield, satisfy; humor, pamper, favor; allow, permit, suffer, cherish, foster, harbor; spoil, revel, grovel.

ANT. _Thwart, deny, disappoint, discard, contradict, renounce, counteract, mortify, abjure, discipline._

=Indulgence.= Gratification, humoring, pampering; leniency, kindness, tenderness, favor, liberality.

ANT. _Abstinence, self-sacrifice, repression, restraint._

=Indulgent.= Yielding, compliant; lenient, mild, clement, tolerant, gentle, kind, tender, forbearing.

ANT. _Harsh, severe, rough, austere, self-controlled, abstinent._

=Industrious.= Diligent, active, busy, assiduous, engaged, employed, sedulous, occupied, laborious, hard-working; brisk, persistent, persevering.

ANT. _Lazy, shiftless, idle._

=Industry.= Diligence, labor, application, assiduity, attention, constancy, exertion, intentness, patience, perseverance, persistence, sedulousness, pains, effort, activity, toil.

ANT. _Idleness, inattention, neglect, negligence, sloth, remissness, changeableness, indolence, inconstancy, inactivity, fickleness, ease, indiligence._

=Ineffable.= Unspeakable, indescribable, inexpressible, unutterable; inconceivable, unsurpassable, undeclarable, exquisite, perfect.

ANT. _Common, trivial, superficial, vulgar, commonplace, conversational, colloquial, obvious._

=Inert.= Inactive, lifeless, dead, passive, motionless; dull, indolent, torpid, lazy, idle, supine, sluggish, slothful; heavy, dormant.

ANT. _Active, alert, brisk, energetic, quick, vigorous._

=Inevitable.= Necessary, unavoidable, infallible, certain, fixed, irresistible.

ANT. _Uncertain, avoidable, indeterminate._

=Infamy.= Dishonor, shame, disgrace, discredit, ignominy, opprobrium, scandal, obloquy, abasement; villainy, disgracefulness, wickedness, atrocity, shamefulness; despair, degradation.

ANT. _Honor, reputation, renown, glory, celebrity._

=Infantile.= Young, childish, tender; babyish, weak; childlike, babylike; puerile, imbecile.

ANT. _Manly, vigorous, mature, robust._

=Infatuation.= Folly, stupefaction, foolishness, prepossession, obsession; fatuity, hallucination, madness, self-deception.

ANT. _Sagacity, soundness, wisdom, sanity, clear-sightedness._

=Infection.= Contagion; contamination, taint, bane, pest, poison, corruption, defilement, vitiation, pollution.

ANT. _Purification, disinfection, antidote, antisepsis._

=Infectious.= Contagious, catching, pestilential, pestiferous; contaminating, corrupting, defiling, polluting, poisoning, vitiating.

ANT. _Wholesome, sanative, beneficial, antiseptic._

=Infer.= Deduce, conclude, gather, collect, consider probable; derive, argue.

ANT. _State, enunciate, assume, guess, conjecture, propound, anticipate, prognosticate._

=Inference.= Conclusion, deduction, corollary, consequence; generalization, induction.

ANT. _Statement, proposition, enunciation._

=Inferiority.= Subordination; deficiency, imperfection, minority, poverty, subjection, servitude, depression; mediocrity.

ANT. _Superiority, eminence, excellence, majority, elevation, independence, mastery, exaltation._

=Infernal.= Hellish; diabolical, devilish, fiendish, demoniacal, satanic, atrocious, nefarious, dark, accursed, abominable.

ANT. _Angelic, cherubic._

=Infest.= Throng, overrun, beset, swarm in; disturb, plague, annoy, tease, harass, trouble, molest, torment, worry, pester.

ANT. _Comfort, refresh, regale, gratify._

=Infidel.= Unbeliever, disbeliever, atheist, denier, freethinker, deist, skeptic, heretic.

ANT. _Believer, pietist, devotee, Christian._

=Infidelity.= Unbelief, disbelief, skepticism; faithlessness, unfaithfulness, disloyalty.

ANT. _Fidelity, belief, faith, religiousness, credulity, credulousness; faithfulness, loyalty._

=Infinite.= Absolute, illimitable, limitless, boundless, interminable, eternal, unlimited, unmeasured, measureless, unfathomable, unconditioned, numberless, unbounded, immeasurable, innumerable, countless.

ANT. _Brief, bounded, relative, short, limited, finite, restricted, transient, transitory, small, little, evanescent, circumscribed, measurable, moderate, narrow, shallow; infinitesimal._

=Infinitesimal.= Minute, atomic, microscopic, inappreciable, inconspicuous, undiscernible, infinitely small.

ANT. _Enormous, vast, infinite, immeasurable._

=Infinitude=, =Infinity=. Boundlessness, vastness, immensity; infiniteness; eternity, absoluteness, self-determination, self-existence.

ANT. _Relativity._

=Infirm.= Weak, feeble, frail, debilitated, enfeebled, weakened; faltering, wavering, irresolute, vacillating; unsound, unstable, insecure; decrepit, lame, failing, impotent.

ANT. _Sound, forcible, firm, strong, sure, cogent, healthy, healthful._

=Infirmity.= Weakness, decrepitude, debility, feebleness, frailness, frailty; foible, fault, failing, defect; disease, malady, unsoundness.

ANT. _Strength, vigor, unhealthfulness, soundness._

=Inflame.= Excite, stimulate, incite, enkindle, rouse, animate, inspirit, work up, fire; irritate, exasperate, anger, nettle, provoke, enrage, incense, madden, infuriate; fan, embitter.

ANT. _Quench, extinguish, allay, cool, pacify, quiet._

=Inflate.= Distend, expand, swell, bloat, blow up; puff up, make conceited; increase, enlarge.

ANT. _Exhaust, empty, flatten, squeeze, compress._

=Inflated.= Distended, swollen, bloated; tumid, turgid, bombastic, stilted, declamatory, rhetorical, sophomorical, high-flown; pompous.