Chapter 18 of 21 · 3996 words · ~20 min read

Part 18

=Query=, =Question=, _n._ Inquiry, doubt; point, topic, subject; dispute, discussion, debate; investigation, examination; experimentation, scrutiny, interrogation.

ANT. _Solution, explanation, answer, reply, response; concession, admission._

=Question=, _v._ Ask, interrogate, catechize, doubt, controvert, dispute; examine, converse with; call in question; inquire, investigate, query, dubitate.

ANT. _Answer, reply, satisfy, respond._

=Quick.= Speedy, expeditious, active, rapid, nimble, fleet, alert, lively, sprightly; alive, living, animate; agile, brisk, ready; hasty, swift; impatient, eager, passionate; fresh, bracing, keen, sharp; sensitive, perceptive, intelligent.

ANT. _Slow, tardy, inactive, inert, sluggish, dull, insensitive, deliberate, gradual, moderate, late, unready, dilatory, slack, unresponsive, lingering, heavy, stupid, wearisome._

=Quicken.= Hasten, hurry, accelerate, despatch, drive, expedite, facilitate, further, speed, urge, promote, advance, make haste, press forward.

ANT. _Hinder, impede, check, obstruct, retard, clog, delay._

=Quiet=, _n._ Rest, repose, tranquillity, silence, calm, peace, stillness.

ANT. _Tumult, noise, shouting, action, commotion, activity, storm; unrest, excitement, agitation, disturbance, turmoil._

=Quiet=, _a._ Tranquil, unruffled, smooth, unmolested, peaceful, undisturbed, peaceable, calm, patient, contented, hushed, still, placid; gentle, mild, undemonstrative, meek.

ANT. _Turbulent, tumultuous, uproarious, disturbed, agitated, wild, excited, violent, uneasy, boisterous, restless, confused, noisy._

=Quote.= Cite, recite, plagiarize, repeat, excerpt, extract, paraphrase.

ANT. _Suppress, ignore, disdain, omit._

R

=Rabble.= Mob, crowd, people, populace; herd, the masses, multitudes, commonalty; scum, dregs.

ANT. _Aristocracy, nobility, élite, galaxy._

=Racy.= Lively, piquant, pungent, spicy, spirited, forcible, flavorous, rich.

ANT. _Flat, cold, flavorless, insipid, stale, stupid, tasteless, dull, prosy, vapid._

=Radiant.= Lustrous, brilliant, splendid, gorgeous, glittering, glaring, radiating, beaming, resplendent, shining, sparkling, luminous, effulgent, glorious.

ANT. _Dull, dark, somber, murky, lusterless, non-luminous, sunless, shadowy, lurid, cloudy, gloomy, obscure, overcast, ebon, black._

=Radical.= Fundamental, innate, essential, native, natural, original, organic, primitive; entire, complete, extreme, thorough, positive, perfect, thorough-going, total; ingrained, constitutional.

ANT. _Superficial, tentative, trial; inadequate, incomplete, moderate,

## partial, palliative, slight; conservative._

=Raise.= Lift, elevate, heave; exalt, advance, enhance; increase, excite, aggravate, intensify, heighten, set upright; awaken, arouse, originate, produce, effect, cause; build, erect; levy, collect; propagate, breed, rear; bring up, incite, start; utter, summon; cultivate.

ANT. _Depress, lower, drop, sink, let down; degrade, disgrace; debase, humble, reduce; lessen, diminish, decrease._

=Ramble.= Rove, roam, wander, range, stroll, saunter, straggle, stray.

ANT. _Speed, hasten, drive, run, proceed, rush, hurry._

=Random=, _a._ Chance, haphazard, fortuitous, casual, wandering, stray, wild, aimless, purposeless, unpremeditated, accidental, vague.

ANT. _Aimed, intended, controlled, purposed, deliberate, designed, intentional, regular, systematic, planned._

=Ransom=, _v._ Redeem, liberate, rescue, deliver, release, emancipate, indemnify.

ANT. _Hold for ransom, kidnap, imprison, hold as hostage, indict, fine, mulct, prosecute._

=Rapid.= Swift, quick, fast, fleet, hasty, brisk, expeditious, hurried.

ANT. _Slow, deliberate, cumbrous, lazy, retarded, moderate, gradual, dilatory, lingering, tardy._

=Rapidity.= Rapidness, haste, celerity, speed, velocity, agility, swiftness, fleetness, quickness, despatch.

ANT. _Slowness, dilatoriness, tardiness, delay, deliberateness, moderation._

=Rare.= Curious, extraordinary, incomparable, odd, peculiar, remarkable, precious, scarce, singular, strange, uncommon, unusual, unprecedented, unique, unparalleled, infrequent.

ANT. _General, usual, normal._

=Rash.= Precipitate, headlong, indiscreet, foolhardy, hasty, heedless, thoughtless, incautious, careless, inconsiderate, unwary.

ANT. _Cautious, wary, discreet, thoughtful, prudent, calculating; timid, hesitating, reluctant._

=Rational.= Sane, sound, intelligent, reasonable, sensible, wise, discreet, judicious; reasoning, intellectual; sagacious, equitable, enlightened.

ANT. _Irrational, insane, unsound, foolish, absurd, injudicious, unreasonable, preposterous, unintelligent, extravagant._

=Raw.= Unprepared, uncooked, immature, unripe, unseasoned, inexperienced, unpracticed, untried, unwrought, unfinished; bare, galled; chilly, bleak.

ANT. _Cooked, dressed, prepared, developed, mature, ripe, mellow, seasoned, practiced, experienced, tried, tested, expert, habituated, familiar, trained; healed; genial, balmy._

=Reach.= Attain, arrive, get to, enter, land, come to, gain.

ANT. _Depart, leave, set out, weigh anchor, embark, start, go, go away, set sail._

=Ready.= Prompt, expeditious, speedy, unhesitating, dexterous, apt, skilled, handy, expert, facile, easy, opportune, fitted, prepared, disposed, free, willing, cheerful.

ANT. _Tardy, slow, inexpeditious, hesitating, clumsy, inept, unskilled, inexpert, hard, difficult, inopportune, unfit, ill-prepared, unwilling, reluctant, unresponsive, unaccommodating._

=Real.= Actual, veritable, genuine, demonstrable, substantial, authentic, certain; developed, essential, positive; true, unquestionable.

ANT. _Illusory, imaginary, unreal, untrue, supposititious, fictitious, hypothetical, fabulous, fanciful, conceived, supposed, feigned, reported, visionary, theoretical._

=Reality.= Verity, actuality, substance, truth, genuineness, authenticity, fact, substantiality, existence.

ANT. _Fiction, falsehood, untruth, myth, imagination, fabrication, fancy, supposition, unreality, chimera, vision, hypothesis, hollowness._

=Realm.= Domain, kingdom, region, province, country, department, empire, state; jurisdiction, sovereignty, dominion.

ANT. _Anarchy, insurrection; independence; democracy._

=Rear.= Lift, elevate, erect, raise, build, establish, exalt, foster, construct, breed, educate, instruct, train, discipline, cherish.

ANT. _Tear down, degrade, undermine, depress, overthrow; destroy, kill, demolish, subvert, stifle, extinguish._

=Reason=, _n._ Cause, ground, aim, motive, account, argument, design, consideration, end, object, purpose, principle.

ANT. _Pretext, pretense, falsification; unreason, unreasonableness, irrationality, absurdity, fallacy._

=Reason=, _v._ Debate, demonstrate, argue, contend, discuss, prove, establish, question, controvert, wrangle, dispute.

ANT. _Quibble, pervert, equivocate, evade, mystify; cavil, refine; misrepresent; dictate, assert._

=Reasoning.= Argument, argumentation, debate, ratiocination.

ANT. _Sophistry, instinct, intuition, presentiment._

=Rebellious.= Intractable, refractory, seditious, unmanageable, contumacious, disobedient, insubordinate, mutinous, ungovernable, uncontrollable.

ANT. _Deferential, compliant, docile, manageable, obedient, submissive, subservient, yielding, tractable, gentle, controllable, dutiful._

=Recant.= Retract, revoke, recall, abjure, disown, disavow, renounce.

ANT. _Profess, confess, assert, declare, enunciate, maintain, hold; vindicate._

=Reception.= Admission, receipt; entertainment; acceptance, credence; welcome.

ANT. _Rejection, dismissal, repudiation, denial, protest, renunciation, disavowal._

=Recite.= Describe, recapitulate, detail, number; repeat, deliver, rehearse; relate, narrate, recount; quote; count, enumerate, tell.

ANT. _Misquote, garble, falsify, misrepresent, pervert; forget, fail._

=Reckless.= Mindless, negligent, thoughtless, regardless, unconcerned, inattentive, remiss, improvident, rash, inconsiderate.

ANT. _Circumspect, careful, wary, thoughtful, mindful, attentive, considerate, provident, prudent, calculating._

=Recognize.= Acknowledge, confess, own, allow, concede, identify, avow.

ANT. _Overlook, repudiate, disown, ignore, disavow, disclaim._

=Reconcile.= Placate, propitiate, pacify, appease; conciliate, reunite, content, harmonize; adjust, settle, compose.

ANT. _Separate, sever, alienate, estrange, disaffect._

=Reconciliation.= Reconcilement, reunion, pacification, appeasement, propitiation, atonement, expiation; adjustment, restoration, harmony.

ANT. _Separation, estrangement, alienation, disaffection._

=Record.= Account, entry, enrolment, catalogue, enumeration, inventory, register, roll; archive, chronicle, document, history, inscription, instrument, memorandum, memorial, muniment, schedule, scroll.

=Recover.= Cure, heal, retrieve, restore; be cured or healed, recruit, recuperate, resume; reanimate, repossess.

ANT. _Relapse, sink, die, fail, grow worse._

=Recovery.= Repossession, resumption; recruiting, healing, restoration; regaining, recuperation, convalescence, retrieval, redemption, resuscitation, revival; vindication, reinstatement, reëstablishment.

ANT. _Loss, forfeiture, privation, damage, ruin, destruction, waste; illness, relapse, declension, incurableness, hopelessness._

=Recreation.= Sport, amusement, diversion, refreshment, reanimation; holiday, pastime, relaxation.

ANT. _Toil, labor, work, industry, employment, fatigue, weariness, lassitude, exhaustion._

=Rectitude.= Justice, honesty, uprightness, fairness, integrity, straightforwardness, conscientiousness, equity.

ANT. _Iniquity, wrong, injustice, immorality, corruption, dishonesty, duplicity, underhandedness._

=Redemption.= Ransom, release, rescue, retrieval, recovery, deliverance, liberation, salvation; discharge, fulfilment; atonement, compensation.

ANT. _Abandonment, forfeiture, sacrifice, betrayal, deprivation, desertion._

=Reduce.= Lessen, decrease, curtail, abate, shorten, impair, lower, subjugate, subject; diminish, attenuate, abridge, contract; subdue.

ANT. _Magnify, augment, expand, amplify, exalt, raise, invigorate, promote, restore, repair, renovate, transform._

=Redundant.= Exuberant, superabundant, overflowing, pleonastic; superfluous, excessive, copious, plentiful; unnecessary.

ANT. _Requisite, necessary, sufficient, enough; scanty, deficient, scarce, wanting, lacking, incomplete, inadequate, insufficient._

=Refinement.= Culture, elegance, cultivation, civilization, politeness.

ANT. _Coarseness, grossness, rudeness, rusticity, barbarism, boorishness, brutality, clownishness, savagery, vulgarity._

=Reflect.= Consider, think, cogitate, meditate, contemplate, ruminate, ponder, muse; animadvert.

ANT. _Idle, dream, imagine, fancy, wander, rove; disregard, neglect._

=Reform=, _v._ Amend, correct, rectify, emend, repair, better, improve, restore, reclaim, mend; remodel.

ANT. _Corrupt, impair, vitiate, deteriorate, deform; spoil, deprave, pollute, defile, injure, contaminate._

=Refuge.= Shelter, asylum, retreat, covert; protection, sanctuary, stronghold, defense; hiding-place, harbor.

ANT. _Exposure, peril, snare, menace, pitfall, danger, threat._

=Regard=, _v._ Consider, observe, remark, heed, mind, respect, esteem, estimate, value; attend, notice; contemplate; revere, reverence.

ANT. _Overlook, disregard, miss, neglect, omit; misprize; dislike, hate, loathe; contemn._

=Regret=, _n._ Grief, concern, sorrow, lamentation, repentance, penitence, self-condemnation; compunction, remorse, contrition.

ANT. _Joy, exultation, happiness, delight, self-gratulation, approbation; praise, commendation; felicitation._

=Regular.= Orderly, methodical; conformable, agreeing; governed, subject; normal; constituted, selected; customary, systematic, stated, established, periodical, recognized, formal, recurrent, certain.

ANT. _Unusual, exceptional, rare, irregular, abnormal, eccentric, capricious, variable, uncertain, erratic._

=Regulation.= Rule, method, principle, precept; adjustment, disposal; arrangement, ordering, disposition, government, control.

ANT. _Disorder, anarchy, license, misgovernment, misrule, non-regulation, caprice, maladjustment, derangement._

=Rehearse.= Recapitulate, detail, recount, describe, tell; narrate, repeat, recite, relate; practice.

ANT. _Misrepresent; act, perform, play._

=Rejoice.= Delight, joy, exult, triumph, please, cheer, exhilarate, gladden, transport, charm, enliven, gratify, make happy.

ANT. _Mourn, grieve, weep, lament, pain, distress, defeat, sadden, deaden, vex, annoy, oppress, afflict, trouble, depress, burden, deject._

=Relation.= Recital, rehearsal, account, narration, tale, narrative, detail, description; kindred, affinity, consanguinity, kinsman, kinswoman; connection, association, pertinency, relevancy, agreement.

ANT. _Action, happening, occurrence; alien, stranger, foreigner; absoluteness, disagreement, dissociation, disconnection, irrelevancy._

=Release=, _v._ Discharge, extricate, disengage, quit, acquit; free, loose, liberate; exempt, indemnify; deliver, remit.

ANT. _Hold, bind, constrain, confine, fetter, shackle, fine, imprison, sentence, condemn._

=Relief.= Alleviation, mitigation, aid, help, succor, assistance, redress, remedy, indemnification; exemption, deliverance, refreshment, support, comfort.

ANT. _Oppression, persecution, aggravation, severity, cruelty; weariness, discomfort, exhaustion._

=Religion.= Devotion, faith, piety, righteousness, holiness, morality, godliness, pietism, worship, theology.

ANT. _Irreligion, atheism, unbelief, blasphemy, impiety, godlessness, profanity, sacrilege, ungodliness, wickedness._

=Relinquish.= Resign, leave, quit, forsake, abandon, renounce, desert, forbear, forego; surrender, discontinue.

ANT. _Retain, hold, keep, detain, preserve, support, cling to, sustain, maintain; continue, be constant to, persevere, persist._

=Reluctant.= Loath, slow, disinclined, indisposed, averse, backward, opposed, unwilling.

ANT. _Eager, favorable, willing, inclined, desirous, disposed._

=Remain.= Wait, tarry, rest, sojourn, last, dwell; stay, abide, continue, endure; survive, outlive.

ANT. _Leave, abandon, depart, remove, go, disappear, flit; die, pass._

=Remark.= Comment, note, observation, utterance, annotation.

=Remarkable.= Observable, rare, noticeable, extraordinary, unusual, strange, wonderful, notable, eminent; distinguished, famous, prominent, conspicuous; singular, peculiar, individual.

ANT. _Ordinary, usual, commonplace, mediocre, everyday, common, general._

=Remembrance.= Memory, recollection, reminiscence; memento, souvenir, memorandum, memorial, token.

ANT. _Oblivion, forgetfulness._

=Reminiscence.= Memory, recollection, remembrance; remnant, relic, trace.

ANT. _Oblivion, forgetfulness; announcement, warning, suggestion, prognostic._

=Remote.= Removed, far, distant; irrelevant, not related; foreign, indirect, unconnected, alien, unallied; separate, abstract.

ANT. _Near, close, direct, related, connected, contiguous, immediate; present, pressing, urgent; proximate; essential, important._

=Rend.= Burst, break, rip, sever, mangle, rupture, sunder, tear, lacerate, rive, slit.

ANT. _Mend, reunite, secure, unite, weld, heal, join, solder, sew, stitch._

=Render.= Return, pay back, restore; requite; give up, yield, surrender; furnish, contribute, deliver; translate, interpret, set forth, exhibit, try out; apportion, give, present, assign.

ANT. _Keep, withhold, appropriate, retain, refuse, use, apply, employ; alienate, misapportion._

=Renounce.= Abandon, abjure, deny, disavow, disown, forswear, disclaim, retract, repudiate, revoke, recall, refuse, reject, discard, recant.

ANT. _Advocate, avow, claim, assert, defend, hold, proclaim, own, acknowledge, cherish, retain, uphold, vindicate, maintain._

=Renown.= Fame, distinction, notice, repute, name, reputation, celebrity, honor, glory, eminence.

ANT. _Disgrace, shame, dishonor, disrepute, discredit, degradation, taint, stain, brand._

=Renunciation.= Denial, disownment, renouncement, disclaimer, rejection, abjuration, recantation, abandonment.

ANT. _Maintenance, support, vindication, assertion, defense, apology, justification._

=Repeat.= Reiterate, renew, relate, recapitulate, recite, reproduce, rehearse, renovate.

ANT. _Discontinue, drop, end, finish, stop, cease, break off, interrupt._

=Repentance.= Penitence, regret, remorse, sorrow, compunction, contrition, self-condemnation, contriteness.

ANT. _Impenitence, obstinacy, obduracy; comfort, complacency, approval, hardness, content, self-approval, self-complacency, self-congratulation; stubbornness._

=Repletion.= Fulness, superabundance, plethora, abundance, amplitude, sufficiency, enough.

ANT. _Scarcity, want, lack, insufficiency, need._

=Reply.= Answer, respond, rejoin, replicate.

ANT. _Question, query, ask, inquire; disregard, pass, drop, ignore._

=Report.= Account, description, narration, narrative, recital, rehearsal, relation, record, tale, rumor, statement, story.

ANT. _Allegory, fabrication, fiction._

=Repose=, _n._ Rest, recumbency, reclination, ease, quiet, quietness, tranquillity, peace; calmness, quiescence.

ANT. _Unrest, agitation, tumult, movement, restlessness, turmoil, commotion, distraction._

=Represent.= Present anew, portray, typify, delineate; personate, act; perform; depict, describe, show, exhibit.

ANT. _Misrepresent; falsify, caricature, distort._

=Reproach=, _n._ Disrepute, opprobrium, discredit, dishonor, invective, contumely, reviling, vilification, abuse, scurrility, insolence, insult, scorn, contempt, ignominy, shame, scandal, disgrace, infamy.

ANT. _Approbation, satisfaction, praise, encouragement, exaltation, commendation, honor, applause, eulogy, assent, acceptance, approval._

=Reproach=, _v._ Chide, rebuke, revile, condemn, vilify; blame, censure, taunt, upbraid, reprove.

ANT. _Praise, approve, commend, laud, applaud, eulogize._

=Reproof.= Comment, criticism, disapproval, chiding, reproach, upbraiding, reproval, admonition, animadversion; censure, blame, condemnation, denunciation, objurgation, reprehension, rebuke, reprimand; reflection, check.

ANT. _Commendation, panegyric, approbation, applause, approval, encomium, praise, eulogy._

=Reprove.= Admonish, blame, reproach, censure, condemn, reprimand, warn, upbraid, chide, check, chasten, find fault with, expostulate with, rebuke, reprehend, remonstrate with, take to task.

ANT. _Abet, applaud, encourage, cheer, countenance, incite, urge on, impel, instigate, approve._

=Repugnant.= Opposite, opposed, adverse, contrary, inconsistent, irreconcilable, hostile, inimical; incompatible, loath; heterogeneous.

ANT. _Harmonious, friendly, amicable, willing, consistent, compatible, congruous; homogeneous._

=Reputable.= Honorable, respectable, estimable, creditable.

ANT. _Disreputable, disgraceful, dishonorable, discreditable, despicable._

=Requite.= Avenge, pay off, quit, punish, retaliate, revenge; satisfy, settle with, reward, return, repay, remunerate, recompense, compensate, reciprocate.

ANT. _Absolve, acquit, forgive, excuse, neglect, pardon, slight, forget, overlook, pass over._

=Research.= Inquiry, scrutiny, examination, experimentation, exploration, discovery, investigation, study, observation.

ANT. _Ignorance, oversight, inobservance; shallowness, superficiality, sciolism._

=Reserve=, _n._ Reservation, retention, limitation, backwardness, coldness, shyness, coyness, modesty; taciturnity, restraint, repression, constraint.

ANT. _Profuseness, prodigality, diffusion; affability, geniality, cordiality, abandonment, surrender, openness, frankness, transparency, indiscretion, volubility._

=Resignation.= Relinquishment, forsaking, abandonment, abdication, renunciation, endurance; patience, long-suffering, forbearance; acquiescence, submission.

ANT. _Maintenance, grasp, resistance, retention, rebellion, remonstrance, contention, reservation, holding, keeping, retaining, detention; murmuring, dissatisfaction, discontent, protestation._

=Resolute.= Determined, decided, fixed, steadfast, constant, persevering, firm, bold, unshaken, steady; undaunted, unflinching, stout-hearted.

ANT. _Irresolute, timid, hesitating, doubtful, wavering, vacillating, capricious, variable, weak, undetermined, undecided._

=Resources.= Expedient, means, resort, contrivance; supplies, devices, money, wealth, appliances, funds.

ANT. _Destitution, poverty, indigence, bareness, want, exhaustion, inanition, lack, drain._

=Respectable.= Estimable, honorable, worthy, considerable, reputable, honest; passable.

ANT. _Unworthy, bad, mean, dishonorable, dishonest, paltry, inconsiderable._

=Resplendent.= Brilliant, splendid, glorious, luminous, effulgent, gorgeous, shining, glittering, burnished.

ANT. _Dull, tarnished, lusterless, somber, dimmed, sullied._

=Rest.= Pause, peace, quiet, stillness, tranquillity, intermission, cessation, ease, calm, peacefulness, calmness, quiescence, stop, repose, quietude, quietness, recreation, sleep, slumber.

ANT. _Agitation, commotion, disturbance, excitement, restlessness, strain, stir, tumult, work, unrest, toil, disquiet, motion, movement, rush._

=Restive.= Restless, restiff, fidgety, fretful, fractious, refractory, intractable, impatient, rebellious, skittish; resentful, recalcitrant, balky, vicious, unruly, stubborn, mulish, mutinous, obstinate.

ANT. _Docile, gentle, submissive, passive, quiet, tractable, yielding, obedient, manageable, peaceable._

=Restore.= Return, replace, refund, repay, reinstate, rebuild, repair, revive, heal, cure, recover.

ANT. _Remove, steal, appropriate, abstract, destroy, shatter, injure, dilapidate, impair; deprive; wound, harm._

=Restrain.= Constrain, hold in, check, repress, circumscribe, confine, curb, hinder, hold, hold back, restrict, suppress, withhold, bridle, abridge, keep back, keep down, keep in, keep under.

ANT. _Let loose, set free, release, arouse, aid, emancipate, animate, incite, excite, encourage, free, impel._

=Result.= Consequence, issue, conclusion, effect; end, event, termination, product, outcome; inference, deduction; resolution, determination.

ANT. _Cause, beginning, commencement, rise, origin, antecedent, prognostic, initiation, premonition, indication._

=Retinue.= Attendants, suite, followers, train, retainers, satellites, escort, cortège.

ANT. _Solitariness, non-attendance._

=Retirement.= Privacy, solitude, loneliness, seclusion.

ANT. _Company, converse, society, fellowship, companionship, association._

=Retribution.= Requital, retaliation, payment, recompense; repayment, compensation, reward, return; penalty, punishment, visitation.

ANT. _Remission, reprieve; pardon, condonation, sparing._

=Retrospect.= Review, survey, reconsideration, reëxamination; recollection, reminiscence, memory.

ANT. _Prospect, prophecy, anticipation, forecasting, prognostication, speculation._

=Return=, _v._ Turn back, come back; reply, respond; answer; restore, recompense, remit, render; reappear, recur; revert, retaliate.

ANT. _Depart, vanish, disappear, remove; retain, misappropriate; withhold._

=Revelation.= Disclosure, manifestation, apocalypse.

ANT. _Concealment, shrouding, veiling, mystery, obscuration, cloud, cloudiness, hiding._

=Revenge.= Retaliation, retribution, vengeance, avenging, requital.

ANT. _Mercy, pardon, reconciliation, pity, compassion, excuse, grace, forgiveness._

=Revenue.= Income; taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, receipts; produce, return, wealth, proceeds.

ANT. _Outgo, waste, expenditure, expense, deductions, impoverishment._

=Reverse=, _n._ Contrary, opposite, counterpart; change, vicissitude; inversion, counter-position; derangement, alteration; rear, back; misfortune, defeat.

ANT. _Obverse, front; order, arrangement, version, position, location; continuance, perpetuation, identity, stability, regularity, uniformity._

=Revive.= Reanimate, reinvigorate; restore, raise, recover, renew, recall; awake, revivify, resuscitate.

ANT. _Kill, destroy, extinguish, discourage; decline, die, droop._

=Revolution.= Lawlessness, insurrection, revolt, riot, sedition, anarchy, insubordination, rebellion, mutiny, confusion, disorder, tumult, disintegration.

ANT. _Government, submission, obedience, authority, control, command, dominion, domination, law, empire, rule, sovereignty, loyalty, supremacy, order._

=Revolve.= Roll, rotate, turn.

ANT. _Bind, grind, stand, slide, slip, stick, chafe._

=Reward=, _n._ Recompense, compensation, remuneration, pay, requital, retribution, punishment.

=Rich.= Wealthy, opulent, affluent, supplied, abounding; abundant, copious, bountiful; fertile, productive; valued, sumptuous, precious, costly; high-seasoned; luscious; vivid.

ANT. _Poor, indigent, needy, impoverished, destitute, impecunious, penniless; lacking, scanty, scarce, meager; barren, sterile; trivial, worthless, unproductive, fruitless, paltry, valueless; dull, tame, dry._

=Riches.= Opulence, wealth, affluence, richness, plenty, abundance.

ANT. _Poverty, want, indigence, scarcity, need, lack, impecuniosity._

=Riddle.= Conundrum, paradox, problem, puzzle, enigma.

ANT. _Axiom, answer, explanation, solution, proposition._

=Ridicule.= Derision, raillery, banter, burlesque, irony, satire, mocking, sarcasm, gibe, jeer, sneer.

ANT. _Respect, homage, veneration, deference, honor._

=Right=, _n._ Claim, liberty, prerogative, license, privilege, exemption, franchise, immunity, duty, justice, uprightness, integrity; title, ownership; interest; rectitude, correctness, power; propriety, fitness, suitableness.

ANT. _Wrong, falsehood, incorrectness, perverseness; liability, illegitimacy, non-legality, usurpation, injustice, impropriety, unfitness, encroachment, force, violence._

=Righteous.= Holy, uncorrupt, honest, equitable, rightful, upright, virtuous, just, good, conscientious.

ANT. _Unholy, corrupt, dishonest, unjust, wicked, evil, unscrupulous, vicious, false, unprincipled, profligate._

=Ripe.= Mature, complete, finished; perfect, developed, full-grown; fit, consummate; prepared; full, seasoned, mellow.

ANT. _Raw, unripe, crude, fresh, green, unseasoned, unprepared._

=Rise=, _v._ Arise, issue, flow, proceed, spring, ascend, emanate.

ANT. _Descend, drop, fall, go down, set, settle, sink, decline._

=Rival=, _v._ Emulate, antagonize, compete with, contend, strive, oppose, equal.

ANT. _Surrender, yield, defer, retire._

=Robber.= Brigand, marauder, pirate, plunderer, thief, burglar, bandit, highwayman, footpad, despoiler, depredator, raider, buccaneer, forager, freebooter.

=Robust.= Strong, lusty, sinewy, muscular, hale, hearty, vigorous, forceful; healthy, sturdy, sound; violent, rude, rough.

ANT. _Puny, weak, delicate, frail, sickly, emaciated, thin, slender, gentle, mild, considerate, tender._

=Romantic.= Sentimental, fanciful, fantastic, fictitious, wild, extravagant, chimerical.

ANT. _Unromantic, truthful, unvarnished, unadorned, veritable, actual, real, realistic, reasonable._

=Root.= Radix, radicle, stock, origin, foundation, base, source, stem, parent, commencement, beginning, radical, bottom.

ANT. _Branch, ramification, product, issue, progeny, superstructure._

=Rough.= Uneven, uncut, boisterous, unpolished; coarse, disordered, shaggy, ragged; rude, uncivil, harsh; loud, offensive; tempestuous, stormy; rugged, knotty, craggy, gruff; incomplete; uncourteous, churlish, blunt.

ANT. _Smooth, plain, level, polished, flat, glossy, sleek, soft, mild, quiet, refined, tender, gentle; balmy, zephyrlike._

=Routine.= Practice, custom, procedure, round, course, wont, order; gradation, rotation, sequence, tenor, system, method; regulation.

=Royal.= August, kinglike, majestic, munificent, princely, regal, magnificent, kingly.

ANT. _Beggarly, contemptible, mean, poor, servile, slavish, vile._

=Rude.= Rough, uneven, shapeless, unfashioned, rugged, uncouth, inelegant, rustic, vulgar, raw, clownish, unskilful, untaught, illiterate, ignorant, uncivil, impolite, saucy, impudent, insolent, surly, uncivilized, brutal, barbarous, savage, violent, fierce, tumultuous, impetuous, boisterous, inclement, severe.

ANT. _Polite, urbane, accomplished, cultivated, courteous, refined, civil, affable, courtly, gracious, elegant, polished, well-bred, obliging; modest, bashful; considerate, serene, placid, genial, calm; fashionable, modern, civilized, modish._

=Rugged.= Rough, uneven, rude, wrinkled, cragged, harsh, hard, crabbed; steep, precipitate; violent, sour, surly, boisterous, tumultuous, stormy, inclement, tempestuous; austere, severe; ruffled, blunt.

ANT. _Smooth, even, gentle, soft, low; pleasant, kindly; balmy, soothing; complaisant, mild._

=Rule.= Regulation, law, precept, maxim, canon, order, method, direction, control, sway, empire; principle, practice; domination, mastery, government; test, criterion, formula.

ANT. _Exception, deviation, eccentricity, irregularity._

=Run.= Race, hasten, speed, proceed, hurry, scamper, post; go, flow, glide, move, roll on; melt, fuse; pass, advance; course, fly, rush; hustle; pursue; cast, shape, mold; drive, force; indicate, mark out; incur, encounter, venture, risk; conduct, manage, carry on; flee.

ANT. _Delay, walk, halt, stop, saunter, rest, linger, hesitate; harden; retrograde, slip._

=Rustic.= Rural, sylvan, pastoral, country, countrified, bucolic, agricultural, verdant; artless, inelegant, plain, rude, unpolished, untaught, unsophisticated; awkward, boorish, outlandish, clownish, coarse, hoydenish, uncouth.

ANT. _City-like, urban; accomplished, elegant, cultured, polite, urbane, polished, well-bred, refined._

=Ruthless.= Cruel, pitiless, harsh, relentless, unsparing.

ANT. _Tender, gentle, pitiful, compassionate, lenient, regretful, long-suffering._

S

=Sable.= Dark, black, ebon, somber.

ANT. _Light, white, cheerful, bright, ivory._

=Sacrament.= Eucharist, Lord’s Supper, communion; ceremony, rite, service, solemnity, ordinance, observance.

=Sacred.= Holy, divine, hallowed, consecrated, dedicated, devoted, religious, venerable, reverend.

ANT. _Secular, profane, common, unconsecrated, human._

=Sacrifice=, _n._ Offering, propitiation, expiation, thanksgiving; destruction, immolation, devotion, surrender; oblation, atonement.

ANT. _Offense, transgression; retention, reservation; acceptance._

=Sad.= Sorrowful, mournful, dejected, gloomy, depressed, sedate, cheerless, downcast, grievous; dull, grave, dark, somber; afflicted; calamitous; serious, staid; melancholy, disconsolate, despondent, disastrous, deplorable.

ANT. _Cheerful, joyous, glad, mirthful, jubilant, jovial, light-hearted; exultant, gay, exhilarated, happy, blithe._

=Sagacious.= Sage, sensible, keen, discerning, clear-sighted, apt, acute, intelligent, sharp, wise, rational, shrewd, able, keen-sighted, keen-witted, judicious, perspicacious, quick-scented, sharp-witted.

ANT. _Obtuse, senseless, irrational, silly, stupid, simple, unintelligent, undiscerning, dull, absurd, foolish, futile, sottish, ignorant._

=Sale.= Bargain, barter, deal, exchange, trade, change.

=Salient.= Leaping, bounding, jumping; projecting; prominent, conspicuous, noticeable, significant; strategic.

ANT. _Retreating, retiring, low-lying; unimportant, inconspicuous, unnoticeable, minor, inconsiderable, subordinate, insignificant._

=Salvation.= Saving, preservation, deliverance; redemption; rescue.

ANT. _Perdition, destruction, damnation, condemnation, loss._

=Sample.= Specimen, example, illustration, case, instance, exemplification.

ANT. _Total, whole, exception, aggregate; abnormality, monstrosity._

=Sanction.= Authorization, authority, countenance; ratification, confirmation, approbation; approval, support, seal, allowance.

ANT. _Discountenance, disallowance, unauthorization; cancelation, nullification; disapproval, non-support._

=Sanguine.= Blood-red, crimson; warm, ardent; hopeful, lively, animated, cheerful; confident, enthusiastic, buoyant; trustful.

ANT. _Pallid, cold, frigid; unresponsive, depressed, lifeless, despondent, despairing, dejected, anxious, suspicious, misgiving, distrustful._

=Sanity.= Saneness, soundness, rationality; reasonableness, wisdom; amenableness.

ANT. _Insanity, aberration, derangement, unsoundness, irrationality, madness, lunacy, alienation, dementia, folly._

=Sarcasm.= Taunt, gibe; scorn, contempt, satire; irony, sneer, ridicule.

ANT. _Compliment, eulogy, praise, approbation, appreciation, panegyric._

=Satisfy.= Satiate, sate, compensate; cloy, surfeit, suffice, content, glut, fill, requite; relieve, reassure, convince; please, recompense, gratify, fulfil.

ANT. _Deprive, deny, starve, stint, refuse; annoy, tantalize; aggravate, tease; displease._

=Savage.= Wild, uncultivated, untamed, uncivilized, rude, brutish, brutal, barbarous, cruel, inhuman, fierce, pitiless, merciless, atrocious, ferocious; murderous, violent.

ANT. _Tame, civilized, cultivated, domesticated, tender, refined, polished, gentle, humane, considerate, pitiful, merciful, protective, generous, subdued, chivalrous, clement, self-controlled._

=Save.= Preserve, rescue, deliver; lay up, reserve, keep; spare, prevent; protect; be economical, hoard, husband; obviate, snatch, catch.

ANT. _Lose, destroy, abandon, imperil, expose, endanger, risk, hazard; waste, lavish, spend, fling away._

=Say.= Utter, express, tell, speak, declare; repeat, rehearse, recite; assert; mention, suggest; suppose; answer; respond, reply; state, pronounce; affirm, deny; allege.

ANT. _Silence, hush, whisper, mumble; be taciturn; suppress, repress; mispronounce._

=Scarce.= Rare, infrequent, deficient; uncommon; scant, sparing, meager, insufficient; unusual, unique, singular, wanting, few, precious.

ANT. _Plenty, abundant, frequent, plentiful, common, thick._

=Scheme=, _n._ Plan, project, contrivance, design, purpose, plot, device; system, outline; machination, intrigue, stratagem, cabal, conspiracy; theory.

ANT. _Blunder, derangement, misarrangement, bungle, botch._

=Scholar.= Learner, pupil, student, savant, disciple.

ANT. _Dunce, fool, ignoramus, illiterate person, idiot, idler._

=Science.= Literature, art, knowledge; truth, facts; skill, expertness; comprehension; information, investigation, experimentation, learning, experience.

ANT. _Ignorance, error, smattering, fallacy, sciolism; inexperience, unfamiliarity, incomprehension._

=Scorn=, _n._ Disdain, derision, contumely, despite, slight, mockery, dishonor; contempt, disregard; sneer, opprobrium.

ANT. _Compliment, commendation, deference, approval, esteem, respect, regard, approbation._

=Scruple=, _n._ Unwillingness, hesitation, doubt; particle; qualm, reluctance, misgiving.

ANT. _Confidence, assurance, recklessness, heedlessness; daring, self-complacency._

=Scrupulous.= Cautious, careful, conscientious, hesitating; exact, nice; questioning, unwilling, punctilious, precise; diffident, dubious.

ANT. _Reckless, confident, careless, unconscientious, self-complacent, heedless, unwary, incautious, daring._

=Scrutiny.= Examination, inspection, observation, search, sifting, exploration, inquisition, inquiry.

ANT. _Oversight, misobservance, disregard, slight, inattention._

=Season.= Time, period, term, interval, spell, while; occasion, opportunity, timeliness, seasonableness.

ANT. _Contretemps, unseasonableness, untimeliness, unsuitableness._

=Seasonable.= Opportune, suitable, timely, fit, convenient, appropriate, normal; periodical; welcome.

ANT. _Inopportune, unsuitable, unfit, untimely, inconvenient, inappropriate, unwelcome, unexpected, abnormal._

=Secure=, _a._ Undisturbed, assured, heedless, inattentive; easy, unanxious, trustful, insured; obtained, acquired; fast, firm; defended, guarded, protected, certain, sheltered, safe.

ANT. _Disturbed, endangered, imperiled, insecure, hazardous; anxious, distrustful, suspicious, careful, precarious; loose, drifting, doubtful, dubious._

=Sedate.= Settled, composed, calm, quiet, tranquil, still, serene, unruffled, undisturbed, contemplative, sober, serious; passive.

ANT. _Flighty, disturbed, uneasy, restless, excited, discomposed, agitated, indiscreet; active, moving; frivolous._

=Sedition.= Riot, rebellion, revolt, insurrection, mutiny; outbreak, uprising, secession, treason; insubordination; tumult, turmoil, anarchy.

ANT. _Peace, pacification, order, quiet, orderliness, obedience, allegiance, fealty, union, patriotism, fidelity._

=See.= Perceive, behold, descry, view; observe, discern, understand, comprehend; watch, look after; interview, visit; associate, meet; accompany, escort; attend, heed, be attentive; gaze, glance at.

ANT. _Be blind; overlook, mistake; misunderstand, miscomprehend; pass, ignore, neglect; disregard, misconceive._

=Seek.= Search, try for, solicit, inquire for, strive after, hunt, follow, trace, prosecute, attempt, endeavor, investigate.

ANT. _Shun, elude, ignore, neglect, disregard, avoid, relinquish, drop, abandon, discard._

=Seldom.= Rarely, not often, infrequently; hardly ever, occasionally.

ANT. _Often, frequently, generally, commonly, regularly, habitually, invariably, uniformly, systematically._

=Selection.= Choice, pick, preference, election, option.

ANT. _Repudiation, rejection, discarding, refusal; exclusion._

=Self-abnegation.= Self-renunciation, self-sacrifice, self-control, self-devotion, self-immolation, self-denial.

ANT. _Self-indulgence, self-gratification, self-will, selfishness, self-seeking._

=Selfish.= Self-seeking, mean, ungenerous, narrow, illiberal, mercenary, greedy, egoistical, self-indulgent.

ANT. _Generous, liberal, altruistic, philanthropic, beneficent, self-denying, public-spirited, magnanimous, unselfish, considerate._

=Send.= Sling, throw, fling, hurl, lance, launch, propel, project, cast, dart, despatch, discharge, drive, emit; forward, transmit, impel, dismiss, delegate, depute.

ANT. _Receive, keep, retain, hold; bring, carry, hand, get, give, convey._

=Sensation.= Emotion, sense, feeling, perception.

ANT. _Apathy, non-sensibility, non-perception, indifference._

=Sense.= Understanding, reason; cognition, apprehension; deduction; perception, feeling; recognition, discernment; reasoning; opinion, judgment, notion, meaning, import, signification.

ANT. _Nonsense, misunderstanding; stupidity, non-apprehension; non-comprehension; stolidity, inertness, non-observance; fancy, folly, unsoundness._

=Sensibility.= Feeling, sensitiveness, susceptibility, impressibility.