Part I

. p. 47.

[269] Preston's _Illustrations of Masonry_, pp. 143, 147, 153 (1804).

[270] John Yarker, _The Arcane Schools_, pp. 269, 327, 329.

[271] Published in the _Essai sur la Secte des Illuminés_ by the Marquis de Luchet, p. 236 (1792 edition).

[272] Brother Chalmers Paton, _The Origin of Freemasonry: the 1717 Theory Exploded_, quoting ancient charges preserved in a MS. in possession of the Lodge of Antiquity in London, written in the reign of James II, but "supposed to be really of much more ancient date."

[273] _Ars Quatuor Coronatorum_, XXV. p. 240, paper by J.E.S. Tuckett on _Dr. Rawlinson and the Masonic Entries in Elias Ashmole's Diary_, with facsimile of entry in Diary which is preserved in the Bodleian Library (Ashmole MS. 1136, fol. 19).

[274] Yarker, _The Arcane Schools_, p. 383.

[275] Preston's _Illustrations of Masonry_, p. 208 (1804).

[276] _The Origins of Freemasonry: the 1717 Theory Exploded_.

[277] The Rev. G. Oliver, _The Historical Landmarks of Freemasonry_, pp. 55, 57, 62, 318 (1845).

[278] _Signs and Symbols of Primordial Man_, p. 185 (1910).

[279] _Signs and Symbols of Primordial Man_, p. 8 (1910).

[280] Ibid., p. 7. The German Freemason Findel disagrees with both the Roman Collegia and the Egypt theory, and, like the Abbé Grandidier, indicates the _Steinmetzen_ of the fifteenth century as the real progenitors of the Order: "All attempts to trace the history of Freemasonry farther back than the Middle Ages have been ... failures, and placing the origin of the Fraternity in the mysteries of Egypt ... must be rejected as a wild and untenable hypothesis."--_History of Freemasonry_ (Eng. trans.), p. 25.

[281] Dr. Oliver and Dr. Mackey thus refer to true and spurious Masonry, the former descending from Noah, through Shem, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Moses to Solomon--hence the appellation of Noachites sometimes applied to Freemasons--the latter from Cain and the Gymnosophists of India to Egypt and Greece. They add that a union between the two took place at the time of the building of the Temple of Solomon through Hiram Abiff, who was a member of both, being by birth a Jew and artificer of Tyre, and from this union Freemasonry descends. According to Mackey, therefore, Jewish Masonry is the true form.--_A Lexicon of Freemasonry_, pp. 323-5; Oliver's _Historical Landmarks of Freemasonry_, I. 60.

[282] Rev. G. Oliver, _The Historical Landmarks of Freemasonry_, pp. 55, 57 (1845).

[283] _The Jewish Encyclopaædia_ (article on Freemasonry) characterizes the name Hiram Abifi as a misunderstanding of 2 Chron. ii. 13

[284] Clavel, _Histoire pittoresque de la Franc-Maçonnerie_, p. 340; Matter, _Histoire du Gnosticisme_, I. 145.

[285] _Quoted_ in _A.Q.C._, XXXII.