Chapter II

, notes 61 and 64 of this book. The study which Dr. David P. Barrows has recently made of the office of governor and captain-general is of value in showing the continuity, and at the same time the evolution of the office from Spanish times to the present. Dr. Barrows states that Miguel López de Legaspi became governor and captain-general of the Philippines when the office was created in 1567. The original cédula of establishment and appointment is in Blair and Robertson, III, 62-66, and bears the date of August 14, 1569. See Barrows, "The governor-general of the Philippines under Spain and the United States," in The Pacific Ocean in history. p. 239.

[520] Fiscal to the King, July 21, 1599, Blair and Robertson, XI, 114, 115; Maldonado to the King, June 28, 1605, ibid., XIII, 307-315.

[521] Audiencia to Felipe III, August 8, 1620, ibid., XIX, 87-89; see also Messa y Lugo to King, July 30, 1622, ibid., XX, 161-163.

[522] Messa y Lugo to the King, July 30, 1622, ibid., XX, 162-163; see Recopilación, 9-45-3.

[523] Recopilación, 8-20-1.

[524] Recopilación, 2-16-43 and 44.

[525] Messa y Lugo to the King, op. cit., 186.

[526] Blair and Robertson, XXXIX, 177.

[527] In accordance with Recopilación, 5-15-2.

[528] Foreman, Philippine Islands, 60; Blair and Robertson, XXXIX, 208-219.

[529] The governor arrested and imprisoned magistrates Zalaeta and Lezana before the arrival of Valdivia. Oidor Viga was exiled to Samar and Bolívar was sent to Mariveles. Both of these last-mentioned magistrates died in exile. By the time Valdivia arrived Fiscal Alanis was the only person connected with the former audiencia who was left to be punished. His residencia was taken and his property confiscated (Blair and Robertson, XXXIX, 135, 231-233, 277, 281-295).

[530] Bolívar to Valdez, June 15, 1685, ibid., 221.

[531] Ibid., 223.

[532] Pimentel to Rodríguez, February 8, 1688. Blair and Robertson, XXXIX, 240. Pimentel accused the governor of scandalous conduct, "in the matter of chastity, not sparing any woman, whatever may be her rank or condition; and he keeps some worthless women who serve as procuresses for conveying to him those whose society will give him most pleasure." Pimentel stated that the archbishop and the friars of the city did nothing to check this conduct, but knowingly permitted it.

[533] Pimentel to Rodríguez, February 8, 1688, XXXIX, 239-240.

[534] Ibid., 242-243.

[535] Torralba to the King, June 23, 1718, A. I., 68-4-18. When Governor Bustamante arrived in Manila in 1717, Torralba's services as oidor and temporary governor, extending over a period of eight years, were investigated. Wholesale bribery was the leading charge against him. He had levied blackmail on alcaldes mayores, encomenderos, and Chinese and Spanish merchants. He was also charged with the misuse of government funds, and was held responsible for large deficits. It was said that he had sent his wife to Macao with most of this ill-gotten money. In his residencia he was fined 120,000 pesos, exiled forever from Madrid, Manila and New Spain, and was reduced subsequently to such poverty that he was compelled to beg. He died a pauper in the hospital of San Juan de Diós, in Cavite, in 1736.

[536] Government of Bustamante, Blair and Robertson, XLIV, 151; this account (pages 148-165) is a summary of Concepción, Historia general, IX, 183-424; see also Montero y Vidal, Historia general, I, 410-429.

[537] Consulta del gobierno de Filipinas sobre la formación de aquella audiencia, 2 de Mayo de 1718, Zulueta Mss., Manila.

[538] Report of Archbishop de la Cuesta on the Bustamante Affair, June 28, 1720, Blair and Robertson, XLIV, 182-195.

[539] Recopilación, 2-15-11.

[540] Ibid., 2-16-29.

[541] Contestación de la Compañía de Jesús, 6 de Mayo de 1718, Zulueta Mss., Manila.

[542] Recopilación, 2-16-93.

[543] Opinión de la Universidad de Santo Tomás, 9 de Mayo de 1718, Zulueta Mss., Manila.

[544] Recopilación, 2-16-44.

[545] The legal phases of this question together with the opinions of the royal fiscal and the leading councillors are set forth in the consulta of the Council of the Indies of March 18, 1720, A. I., 68-2-8. In this consulta an effort is made to fix responsibility for the murder of the governor, and to determine the legality of his acts.

[546] This refers to the reception of the French papal delegate, Tourón, who came to the Islands to inspect the archbishopric, and who was received by the audiencia without the authority of the Council of the Indies. This will be treated further in