Part 30
Danes, 329, 330
Danube, 135, 200, 227, 430
Dardanelles, 136, 147, 292
Darius I, 112, 134, 135, 136, 429
Darius III, 147, 148, 430
Darlington, 356, 434
David, King, 118-19, 429
Da Vinci, Leonardo, 356
Davis, Jefferson, 385, 388
Dawn Man. (_See_ Eoanthropus)
Dead, burning the, 104; burial of (_See_ Burial)
Debtors’ prisons, 336
Deciduous trees, 36
Decius, Emperor, 200, 432
Declaration of Independence, 334, 434
_Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_ (Gibbon’s), 288-89
Deer, 42, 56
Defender of the Faith, title of, 313
Defoe, Daniel, 365
Delhi, 292, 433
Democracy, 131, 132, 270
Deniken, General, 419
Denmark, 306, 313, 394, 432
Deshima, 401
Devonian system, 19
Diaz, 433
Dictator, Roman, 194
Dillon, Dr., 424
Dinosaurs, 28, 31, 36
Diocletian, Emperor, 224, 226, 227
Dionysius, 170
Diplodocus Carnegii, measurement of, 28
Diseases, infectious, 379
Ditchwater, animal and plant life in, 13
Dogs, 42
Domazlice, battle of, 305
Dominic, St., 276
Dominician Order, 276, 285, 400
Dorian Greeks, 108, 130
Douglas, Senator, 386
Dover, Straits of, 193
Dragon flies, 23
Drama, Greek, 139
Dravidian civilization, 108
Dravidians, 71
Duck-billed platypus, 34
Duma, the, 416
Durazzo, 268
Dutch, 329, 331, 332, 399
Dutch Guiana, 394
Dutch Republic, 350
Dyeing, 75
E
Earth, the, shape of, 1; rotation of, 1; distance from the sun, 2; age and origin of, 5; surface of, 21
Earthquakes, 95
East India Company, 332, 337, 393, 394
East Indies, 394, 399
Ebro, 182
Ecbatana, 109, 114
Echidna, the, 34
Eclipses, 8
Ecnomus, battle of, 181, 430
Economists, French, 371
Edessa, 271
Education, 294, 361, 368, 369
Egbert, King of Wessex, 263, 432
Egg-laying mammals, 34
Eggs, 24, 26, 31, 102
Egypt (and Egyptians), 71, 78, 90, 91, 62, 96, 98, 100- 101, 115, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 134, 138, 147, 174, 208, 209, 210, 238, 253, 267, 290, 292, 396, 398, 405, 429, 431, 434
Egyptian script, 78, 79
Elamites, 88, 90, 174
Elba, 348
Electric light, 360
Electric traction, 360
Electricity, 322, 358, 360
Elephants, 42, 127, 149, 178, 181, 253, 300
Elixir of life, 257
Elizabeth, Queen, 324, 332
Emigration, 336
Emperor, title of, 327
Employer and employed, 375
“Encyclopædists,” the, 371
England (and English), 306, 390, 431
England, Norman Conquest of, 266
England, overseas possessions, 330
English Channel, 331
English language, 95
Entelodonts, 42
Eoanthropus, 47
Eoliths, 45
Ephesus, 149
Ephthalites, 199
Epics, 106, 127, 129, 131
Epirus, 131, 178, 179
Epistles, the, 222
Eratosthenes, 151
Erech, Sumerian city of, 78
Esarhaddon, 429
Essenes, 213
Esthonia, 245
Esthonians, 419
Ethiopian dynasty, 429
Ethiopians, 96, 233
Etruscans, 94, 100, 176, 430
Euclid, 151
Euphrates, 77, 110, 127, 129, 174, 196, 429, 430
Euripides, 139
Europe, 200
Europe, Central, 329
Europe, Concert of, 350
Europe, Western, 53, 298
European overseas populations, 336
Europeans, intellectual revival of, 294 _et seq._
Europeans, North Atlantic, 329
Europeans, Western, 329
Everlasting League, 433
Evolution, 16, 42
Excommunication, 275, 281, 285
Execution. Greek method of, 140
Ezekiel, 124
F
Factory system, 365
Family groups, 61
Famine, 420
Faraday, 358
Fashoda, 398
Fatherhood of God, the, 215, 224, 251
Fear, 61
Feathers, 32
Ferdinand of Aragon, King, 293, 302, 309
Ferns, 23, 26
Fertilizers, 363
Fetishism, 63, 64
Feudal system, 258, 400, 401, 402
Fielding, Henry, 365
Fiji, 407
Finance, 134
Finland, 245
Finns, 351
Fish, the age of, 16 _et seq._; the first known vertebrata, 19; evolution of, 30
Fisher, Lord, 416
Fishing, 57
Fleming, Bishop, 286
Flint implements, 44, 47
Flood, story of the, 91, 116
Florence, 294
Florentine Society, 322
Florida, 336, 385
Flying machines, 94, 363
Fontainebleau, 348
Food, rationing of, 414
Food riots, 417
Forests, 56, 197
Fossils, 13, 43. (_Cf._ Rocks)
Fowl, the domestic, 88, 102
France, 106, 185, 230, 259, 263, 312, 336, 342, 353, 390, 391, 394, 396, 402, 409, 411, 434
Francis I, King of France, 310, 312, 313, 433
Francis II, Emperor of Austria, 434
Francis of Assisi, St., 276, 432
Franciscan Order, 276, 285, 432
Frankfort, Peace of, 391, 435
Franks, 200, 227, 235, 259, 265, 431
Frazer, Sir J. G., 66
Frederick I (Barbarossa), 274, 432
Frederick I, King of Prussia, 434
Frederick II, German Emperor, 279, 280, 288 _et seq._, 289, 294, 304, 435
Frederick II, King of Sicily, 432
Frederick the Great of Prussia, 437, 434
Freeman’s Farm, 338
French, 329, 331, 332, 419
French Guiana, 394
French language, 203, 327, 328, 419
French Revolution, 342 _et seq._, 374
Frogs, 24
Fronde, war of the, 434
Fulton, Robert, 358
Furnace, blast, 359; electric, 359
Furs, 335
G
Galatia, 430
Galatians, 193
Galba, 430
Galerius, Emperor, 226, 431
Galleys, 91, 92, 181, 263
Galvani, 258
Gamma, Vasco da, 329, 335, 433
Ganges, 156
Gath, 117
Gaul, 203, 235, 236, 357, 431
Gauls, 154, 178, 179, 180, 182, 193, 430
Gautama. (_See_ Buddha)
Gaza, 117, 147
Gaztelu, 314
Genoa (and Genoese), 294, 300, 301, 302
Genoa Conference, 425
Genseric, 232
Geology, 11 _et seq._, 356
George III, King of England, 324, 337, 434
Georgia, 336, 339, 385, 387
German Empire, 409
German language, 95, 236, 260
Germans, 268, 288, 310, 351, 360- 61, 362
Germany, 197, 326, 347, 348, 362, 390, 396, 402, 409, 410, 411
Germany, North, 306
Gibbon, E., 234, 288
Gibraltar, 71, 92, 94, 253, 393, 407
Gigantosaurus, measurement of, 28
Gilbert, Dr., 322
Gilboa, Mount, 118
Gills, 24
Giraffes, 42
Gizeh, pyramids at, 83
Glacial Ages, 22, 37, 44
Gladiators, 205
Glass, 102
Glyptodon, 74
Goa, 329
Goats, 77
God, idea of one true, 249
God of Judaism, 123, 209, 213, 214, 215
Godfrey of Bouillon, 432
Gods, 111, 123, 129, 165, 184, 186, 201 _et seq._, 208 _et seq._, 240
Goidelic Celts, 106
Gold, 74, 80, 83, 102, 300, 395
_Golden Bough_, Frazer’s, 66
Good Hope, Cape of. (_See_ Cape)
Gospels, the, 214 _et seq._, 222
Gothic kingdom, 259
Gothland, 197, 200
Goths, 181, 200, 227, 228, 430, 431
Granada, 293, 301
Granicus, battle of the, 146, 430
Grant, General, 387, 388
Graphite, 15
Grass, 37, 51
Great Britain, 396, 410
Great Mogul, Empire of, 394, 434
Great Powers, 399 _et seq._
Great Schism. (_See_ Papal schism)
Great War, the, 411 _et seq. _, 421, 435
Greece, 92, 94, 108, 127, 139 _et seq._, 145 _et seq._, 434
Greece, war with Persia, 134 _et seq._
Greek language, 95, 202, 203
Greeks, 92, 100, 101, 108, 122 _et seq._, 135, 150, 174, 186, 271, 272, 301, 353, 419, 429, 430, 433
Greenland, 263
Gregory I, Pope, 263
Gregory VII, Pope (Hildebrand), 268, 272, 274, 275, 278, 432
Gregory IX, Pope, 281
Gregory XI, Pope, 285, 433
Gregory the Great, 272
Grimaldi race, 51, 54, 65
Guillotine, the, 346
Guiscard, Robert, 432
Gunpowder, 287, 321
Guns, 321, 413
Gustavus Adolphus, 331
Gymnastic displays, Cretan, 93
H
Habsburgs, 283, 309, 310
Hadrian, 174, 430
Halicarnassus, 138
Hamburg, 294
Hamitic people, 71
Hammurabi, 90, 92, 104, 429
Han dynasty, 196, 200, 245, 430
Hannibal, 182
Hanover, Elector of, 327
Harding, President, 425
Harold Hardrada, 266
Harold, King of England, 266
Haroun-al-Raschid, 267, 432
Hastings, battle of, 266
Hastings, Warren, 333
Hatasu, Queen of Egypt, 96
Hathor, 209
Heaven, Kingdom of, 216, 217
Hebrew Bible, 1, 115, 116. (_Cf._ Bible)
Hebrew literature, 100
Hebrews, 100, 115. (_See also_ Jews)
Hegira, 431
Heidelberg man, 45
Heliolithic culture, 69, 71, 167, 174
Heliolithic peoples, 107
Hellenic tribes, 100. (_See also_ Greeks)
Hellespont, 430, 431
Helots, 130, 203
Hen. (_See_ Fowl)
Henry IV, King, 274
Henry VI, Emperor, 279
Henry VIII, King of England, 310, 312, 313, 324, 433
Henry the Fowler, 265, 432
Heraclea, battle of, 178, 430
Heraclitus of Ephesus, 132, 156, 161
Heraclius, Emperor, 243, 247, 253, 431
Herat, 148
Herbivorous reptiles, 28
Hercules, Pillars of, (_See_ Gibraltar)
Hero, 151, 152
Herodotus, 138, 139
Herophilus, 151
Hiero, 182
Hieroglyphics, 79, 124
Hildebrand. (_See_ Gregory VII)
Himalayas, the, 37
Hipparchus, 151
Hippopotamus, 43
Hiram, King of Sidon, 118, 119, 122
_History of Charles V_, 316
Hittites, 96, 97, 98, 108
Hohenstaufens, 283
Holland, 306, 344, 347, 394, 396, 402, 433, 434
Holstein, 351
Holy Alliance, 349
Holy Roman Empire, 264, 309, 317, 323, 347, 377, 409, 432, 434
Homer, 129
Honorius, 230, 431
Honorius III, Pope, 281
Horse, 51, 56, 94, 96, 97, 112, 167, 319, 336; evolution of the, 42
Horsetails, 23
Horus, 209, 210, 211
Hottentots, 54
Hsia, 287
Hudson Bay Company, 393
Hudson River, 358
Hulagu Khan, 290, 433
Human sacrifice, 182, 186. (_Cf._ Blood Sacrifice, Sacrifice)
Hungarians, 263, 289, 351
Hungary, 185, 203, 227, 245, 258, 263, 289, 290, 292, 310, 312, 351
Hungary, plain of, 234
Huns, 88, 167, 168, 174, 197, 198, 227, 232, 233, 245, 263, 289, 431
Hunting, 56
Huss, John, 304, 433
Hussites, 305
Hwang-ho river, 173
Hwang-ho valley, 300
Hyksos, 90, 96
Hyracodons, 42
Hystaspes, 430
I
Iberians, 71, 92
Ice age, 43. (_Cf._ Glacial ages)
Iceland, 263
Ichthyosaurs, 29, 36
Ignatius of Loyola, St., 308, 434
_Iliad_, 127
Illinois, 386
Illyria, 179, 182
Immolation of human beings, 102
Immortality, idea of, 210, 211, 224
Imperialism, 399
Implements, 46, 48, 56, 57, 65, 87
Implements, use of, by animals, 44, 45
India, 71, 84, 104, 108, 122, 149, 156, 163, 164, 196, 199, 287, 302, 335, 394- 95, 399, 409, 433, 434
Indian Empire, 405
Indian Ocean, 329
Indiana, 383, 386
Individualists, 375 _et seq._
Individuality in reproduction, 16 _et seq._
Indo-Scythians, 199, 430
Indus, 149, 429
Industrial revolution, 365 _et seq._
Infantry, 178
Influenza, 414
Innocent III, Pope, 276, 279, 280, 432
Innocent IV, Pope, 281
Innsbruck, 313
Inquisition, the, 276, 349
Insects, 26, 31
Interdicts, papal, 275
Interglacial period, 44
Internationalism, 380
Invertebrata, 13
Investitures, 275
Ionic Greeks, 108, 130
Iowa, 385
Ireland, 106, 405
Iron, 80, 87, 94, 97, 102, 104, 168, 319, 321, 358, 359
Irrigation, 290
Isabella of Castile, Queen, 293, 302, 309
Isaiah, 125, 133, 156
Isis, 209, 210, 211, 212
Islam, 251, 252, 432
Islamism, 267, 319. (_See also_ Moslem, Muhammedanism)
Isocrates, 145
Israel, judges of, 118
Israel, kings of, 118, 119, 121
Issus, battle of, 147, 430
Italian language, 203
Italians, 107, 351
Italica, 202
Italy, 94, 108, 129, 134, 176, 180, 230, 236, 312, 327, 347, 390, 396, 409, 411, 429, 431, 434
Italy, Central, 429
Italy, North, 263, 312, 351, 390, 429, 431
Italy, South, 429
Ivan III (the Great), 327, 433
Ivan IV (the Terrible), 327, 433
J
Jacobin republic, 434
Jamaica, 393, 407
James I, King of England and Scotland, 324, 433
Jamestown (Va.), 433
Japan, 166, 300, 399, 400-01 _et seq._, 409, 410, 435
Japanese, 419
Jarandilla, 315
Java, 302, 329
Jaw-bone, Heidelberg, 45-46; Piltdown, 46
Jehovah, 125
Jena, 434
Jengis Khan, 287, 298, 334, 432
Jerusalem, 115, 116, 119, 121, 123, 124, 184, 215, 243, 267, 271, 272, 299, 431, 432
Jerusalem, Temple of, 119, 184
Jesuits, 308, 400, 433
Jesus, life and teaching of, 214 _et seq._, 224, 270, 306, 374, 430
Jews, 123, 124, 147, 184, 213, 215, 255, 256, 270, 294
Jews, early history of, 115 _et seq._
Jews, literature of, 115
Jewish religion and sacred books, 116
John III of Poland, 434
John XI, Pope, 272
John XII, Pope, 272, 432
Joppa, 117
Joseph, King of Spain, 349, 434
Josiah, King of Judah, 110, 115, 116, 429
Judah, 115, 119
Judah, kings of, 119
Judea, 115, 183, 214
Judea, priests and prophets in, 122 _et seq._
Judges, book of, 117
Judges of Israel, 118
Jugo-Slavia, 354
Jugo-Slavs, 351
Jugurtha, 192
Julian the Apostate, 431
Julius III, 316
Junks, Chinese, 400
Jupiter (god), 211, 212
Jupiter (planet), 2, 3
Jupiter Capitolinus, 184
Jupiter Serapis, 226
Justinian I, 232, 238, 243, 431
Jutes, 230
K
Kaaba, the, 249
Kadessia, battle of, 253, 431
Kalinga, 163
Kansas, 383
Karakorum, 287, 298
Karnak, 101
Kashgar, 300
Kashmir, Buddhists in, 165
Kavadh, 243, 244, 431
Kentucky, 383, 386
Kerensky, 416, 417
Khans, 287 _et seq._
Khyber Pass, 148, 199
Kiau Chau, 400
Kieff, 287, 432
Kin dynasty, 287
Kings, book of, 119
Kioto, 402
Ki-wi, the, 32
Koltchak, Admiral, 419
Koran, the, 251, 255
Korea, 400, 402
Kotan, 300
Krum of Bulgaria, 432
Kublai Khan, 290, 298, 300, 433
Kushan dynasty, 199
L
Labyrinth, Cretan, 127
Lahore, 287
Lake Ontario, 336
Land scorpions, 23
Langley, Professor, 363
Languages of mankind, 94, 95, 100, 106, 107, 108, 134, 145, 156, 176, 201, 202, 203, 230, 236, 243, 245, 259, 325, 328
Lao Tse, 133, 170 _et seq._, 222, 429
Lapland, 233
Latin Emperor, 259
Latin language, 201, 202, 203, 236, 259. (_Cf._ also Languages)
Latins, the, 271, 272, 432
Law, 238
_Laws_, Plato’s, 142
League of Nations, 422, 423, 424, 425, 435
Learning, 255
Lee, General, 387, 389
Legionaries, 229
Lemurs, 43
Lenin, 417, 419
Leo III, Pope, 265, 272, 432
Leo X, Pope, 310, 312, 433
Leonidas, 136
Leopold I, 353
Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 434
Lepanto, battle of, 293
Lepidus, 194
Lexington, 338
Liberia, 398
Libraries, 151, 164, 170
Liegnitz, battle of, 288, 289, 433
Life, beginnings of, the Record of the Rocks, 11 _et seq._; progressive nature of, 16; of what it consists, 16; theory of Natural Selection, 18; a teachable type: advent of, 39
Lincoln, Abraham, 385, 386, 388, 389, 435; assassination of, 389
Linen, 102
Lions, 42, 127
Lisbon, 294, 315, 329
Literary criticism, evolution of, 205
Literature, European, 298
Literature, pre-historic, 115
Lizards, 27, 28
Llamas, 42
Lob Nor, 300
Lochau, battle of, 313
Locke, John, 371
Logic, science of, 144
Lombard kingdom, 259
Lombards, 431
Lombardy, 431
London, 294, 413
Lopez de Recalde, Inigo, 308, (_See also_ Ignatius of Loyola)
Lorraine, 391
Louis XIV, 324, 433
Louis XV, 434
Louis XVI, 342, 343, 434
Louis XVIII, 350, 434
Louis Philippe, 350, 434
Louis the Pious, 265, 432
Louisiana, 336, 385
Lu, state of, 170
Lucretius, 294
Lucullus, 192
Lunar month, 68
Lung, the, 24
Luther, Martin, 306, 310, 433
Luxembourg, 351
Luxor, 101
Lvoff, Prince, 416
Lyceum, Athens, 142, 144
Lydia, 98, 134
Lydians, 94
Lyons, 345
M
Macao, 329
Macaulay, Lord, 187
Maccabeans, 184
Macedonia and Macedonians, 131, 135, 139, 145, 179, 292, 350
Machinery, 322, 356
Madeira, 122, 302
Madras, 163
Magellan, Ferdinand, 302
Magic, 172
Magna Græcia, 129, 178
Magnesia, battle of, 183
Magyars, 263, 264, 270, 289
Mahaffy, Professor, 151
Maine, 336, 339
Majuba Hill, battle of, 398
Malta, 393, 407
Mammals, the earliest, 33; viviparous, 33; egg-laying, 34; the Age of, 37 _et seq. _
Mammoth, 43, 49
Man, brotherhood of, 216, 224, 380
Man, 43; Heidelberg, 45; Eoanthropus, 47; Neanderthal, 47, 48 _et seq._; earliest known, 53 _et seq._
Manchu, 333, 433
Manchuria, 197, 400, 402, 403, 404
Mangu Khan, 290, 433
Mani, 241, 270, 430, 431
Manichæans, 243, 255
Mankind, racial divisions of, 54, 71
Mantua, 345
Maoris, 71
Marathon, 136
Marathon, battle of, 430
Marchand, Colonel, 398
Marcus Aurelius, 174, 430
Marie Antoinette, 343, 346
Mariner’s compass, 302, 320
Marius, 191, 192, 237, 430
“Marriage of East and West,” 149
Mars (planet), 2, 3
Marseillaise, the, 343, 345
Marseilles, 129, 182, 312, 345
Martel, Charles, 259, 432
Marlin V, Pope, 286, 304
Marx, 376
Maryland, 337
Mas d’Azil cave, 57
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 390, 391
Maximilian I, Emperor, 309, 433
Maya writing, 74, 75
Mayence, 265, 344
_Mayflower_ expedition, 433
Mazarin, Cardinal, 324
Mecca, 248, 249, 251, 431
Mechanical revolution, 256 _et seq._, 366, 369
Medes, 100, 108, 109, 115, 122, 134, 155, 174, 429
Media, rebellion in, 136
Median Empire, 109, 110, 112
Medicine man, the, 64
Medina, 249
Mediterranean, 71, 91, 176, 292, 293; valley, 71
“Mediterranean” people, pre-Greek, 130
Megatherium, 74
Megiddo, battle of, 110, 115, 429
Melasgird, battle of, 268, 432
Mentality, primitive, 60, _et seq._
Mercury (planet), 2, 3
Mesopotamia, 77, 80, 96, 100, 109, 127, 174, 267, 290, 299
Mesozoic period, 27; land life of, 28; sea life of, 30; scarcity of bird and mammal life in, 32, 34; its difference from Cainozoic period, 38
Messina, 179, 180
Messina, Straits of, 179
Metallurgy, 356, 359, 360
Metals, transmutation of, 257
Meteoric iron, 80, 94
Metz, 391
Mexico, 74, 76, 324, 321, 384, 385, 389, 399
Michael VII, Emperor, 268
Michael VIII. (_See_ Palæologus)
Microscope, 355
Midianites, 117
Milan, 227, 235, 309, 312, 351
Miletus, 129
Millipedes, 23
Milton, 129
Ming dynasty, 290, 333, 433
Mining, 335
Minnesota, 385
Minos, 92, 95, 127, 131
Missionaries, 236, 247, 380, 400, 431
Mississippi (state), 385
Mississippi River, 386
Missouri, 382
Mithraism, 211, 212, 213, 222, 431
Mithras, 211, 213
Mnemonics, Chinese and Peruvian method of, 76
Moabites, 117
Moawija, Caliph, 431
Mogul dynasty, 292, 433
Moluccas, 329
Monarchy, 323, 341, 347
Monasticism, 213, 236
Money, 114, 176, 201, 319
Mongol conquests, influence of, 298
Mongol Court, the, 299
Mongol Empire, 332
Mongolia, 197
Mongolian language, 108
Mongolian peoples, 72, 73, 88, 167, 197, 227, 232, 233 _et seq._, 245, 258, 287 _et seq._, 298, 320, 333, 400, 433
Mongoloid tribes, 69
Monkeys, 43, 45
Monotheism, 251. (_See also_ Muhammad)
Monroe doctrine, 349, 389, 396, 423
Monroe, President, 349
Montesquieu, 371
Montgomery, 385
Month, the lunar, 68
Moon, the, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 68
Moorish paper-mills, 297
More, Sir Thomas, 365, 371
Morelly, 371
Morocco, 185, 398
Mortillet, 57
Moscow, 293, 434
Moscow, Grand Duke of, 290
Moses, 116
Moslem Empire, 253
Moslems, 297, 431, 432
Moslim, the, 253, 269, 271, 290
Mososaurs, 29
Moses, 23
Mounds, Neolithic, 70
Mountains, 197
Mozambique, 329
Muehlon, Herr, 424
Muhammad, prophet, 243, 247, 248 _et seq._, 270, 431
Muhammad II, Sultan, 292, 433
Mules, 102
Mummies, 70
Munitions, 412
Musk ox, 43
Mycalæ, battle of, 136, 430
Mycenæ, 92, 108
Mycerinus, 83
Mylæ, battle of, 181, 430
N
Nabonidus, 111, 112
Nankin, 173
Naples, 178, 350, 431
Napoleon Bonaparte, 345, 347, 348, 356, 434
Napoleon III, 390, 434, 435
Nasmyth, 359
Natal, 398
“National schools,” 369
Natural history, father of, 144
Natural Selection, theory of, 17
Nautilus, the pearly, 39
Navarino, battle of, 353, 434
Neanderthaler Man, 47, 48 _et seq._
Nebraska, 383
Nebuchadnezzar II (the Great), 102, 110, 115, 429
Nebulæ, 4, 5
Necho II, 109, 110, 115, 122, 147, 429
Needles, bone, 57
Negroid tribes, 72, 88
Nelson, Horatio, 348
Neolithic age, 59, 65
Neolithic civilizations, primitive, 71 _et seq._
Neptune (planet), 2, 3
Nero, 195, 430
Nestorian missionaries, 431. (_Cf._ Missionaries)
Netherlands, 259, 309, 351
Neustria, 431
Neva, 327
New Assyrian Empire, 97
_New Atlantis, The_, 322, 355
New England, 335, 337
New Mexico, 433
New Plymouth, 433
Newts, 24
New York, 358, 434
New Zealand, 322, 396, 405
Newfoundland, 405
Nicæa, 268, 270
Nicæa, Council of, 431
Nicephorus, Emperor, 432
Nicholas I, Tsar, 351, 390, 434
Nicholas II, Tsar, 416
Nickel, 360
Nicomedia, 227
Nieuw Amsterdam, 434. (_Cf._ New York)
Nile, 83, 100, 129, 398; valley 90, 429
Nile, battle of the, 434
Nineveh, 94, 97, 101, 109, 114, 243, 429, 431
Nippur, 78
Nirvana, 161
Nish, 227
Noah’s Ark, 91
Nogaret, Guillaume de, 284
Nomadic peoples, primitive, 84 _et seq._, (_Cf._ Nomads)
Nomads, 122, 155, 167, 168, 174, 198-200, 233-34, 245, 287, 334
Nonconformity, 307, 308
Nordic race, 72, 88, 104, 108, 134, 154, 155, 174, 178, 185, 197, 200, 233, 258, 261
Normandy, 263, 342, 432
Normandy, Duke of, 266
Normans, 263, 266, 279, 302
Northmen, 263, 264, 266, 268, 432
Norway, 306, 313, 432
Norwegians, 351
Novgorod, 294, 432
Nubians, 238
Numerals, Arabic, 282
Numidia, 191
Numidians, 182
Nuremberg, 294
Nuremberg, Peace of, 313
O
Ocean dredgings, deepest, 4
Ocean liners, 322, 336
Octavian. (_See_ Augustus)
Odenathus of Palmyra, 431
Odoacer, 236, 431
_Odyssey_, 127
Ogdai Khan, 287, 289, 432
Oglethorpe, 336
Okapi, 397
“Old Man,” 372, 373
Old Testament, 115, 116
Olympiad, first, 176, 429
Olympian games, 131
Olympias, Queen, 146
Omar, Caliph, 431
Open-hearth process, 359
Orange River, 398
“Ordinance of secession,” 385
Oregon, 385
Organic Evolution, 16
Ormuz, 299
Orsini family, 284
Orthodoxy, 240
Osiris, 200, 210, 211
Ostrogoths, 227, 431
Othman, 432
Otho, 430
Otto I, King of Germany, 265, 432
Otto of Bavaria, Prince, 354
Ottoman Empire, 202. (_See also_ Turkey, Turks)
Oudh, 394
Ownership, 373, 374, 375
Oxen, 49, 104, 112
Oxford, 295
P
Padua, 235
Pæstum, 176
Palæologus, Michael (Michael VIII), 283
Palæolithic age, 13, 59, 66 (note)
Palermo, 181
Palestine, 290, 299
Pamirs, 196, 300
Panama, 385
Panama, Isthmus of, 314
Pan Chau, 197, 430
Panipat, battle of, 433
Pannonia, 203, 229, 232, 234, 431
Papacy (including Popes), 237, 261, 265, 277 _et seq._, 329 _et seq._, 343
Papal schism (the Great Schism), 285, 394, 433
Paper, 153, 236, 255, 297, 320, 322
Papyrus, 78, 153
Parables, 216
_Paradise Lost_, 129
Parchment, 153
Paris, 294, 295, 342, 350, 356, 390, 391, 412, 413, 415, 435
Paris, Peace of, 338, 434
Parthian dynasty, 202
Parthians, 155, 192, 194, 198, 199, 245
Passau, Treaty of, 314
Patricians, Roman, 176, 188
Paul, St., 202, 223
Pavia, siege of, 312
_Peace Conference_, Dr. Dillon’s, 434
Peasant revolts, 305, 310
Peculium, 206
Pedro I, 340
Pegu, 300
Pekin, 173, 287, 300, 383, 400, 432
Peloponnesian War, 139, 145, 430
Pentateuch, the, 116
“People’s crusade,” the, 270, 432. (_Cf._ Crusades)
Pepi II, 83
Pepin I, 259
Pepin of Hersthal, 431
Pergamum, 154, 180, 183, 430
Pericles, 139, 140
Perry, Commodore, 402
Persepolis, 114, 148, 155
Persia, 77, 134 _et seq._, 165, 185, 192, 227, 243, 253, 255, 287, 399, 409, 430, 431
Persian Empire, 112, 134, 238, 429
Persian Gulf, 77, 78, 91, 299
Persian language, 95
Persians, 100, 108, 109, 115, 155, 174, 431
Peru, 74, 75, 314, 321
Pestilence, 305, 320, 334, 413, 430, 431, 433
Peter the Great, 327, 434
Peter the Hermit, 269, 270
Peterhof, 327
Petersburg, 127, 419. (_See also_ Petrograd)
Petrograd, 416, 417. (_See also_ Petersburg)
Petschenegs, 268
Phalanx, 145, 178
Pharaohs, the, 90, 96, 119, 131, 150, 188
Pharsalos, 430
Philadelphia, 358, 434
Philip, Duke of Orleans, 350
Philip, King of France, 285
Philip II, King of Spain, 314, 324
Philip of Hesse, 313
Philip of Macedon, 145, 146, 430
Philippine Islands, 302, 393, 400
Philistines, 100, 117
Philosopher’s stone, 257
Philosophers and Philosophy, 133, 139, 152, 168, 239, 294, 295
Phœnicians, 92, 94, 107, 123, 147
_Phœnix_, steamship, 358
Phrygians, 100, 108
Physiocrats, 371
Picture writing, 56, 57, 78, 79, 167
Piedmont, 345
Pirates and Piracy, 92, 179, 180, 200, 263
Pithecanthropus erectus, 45
Pizarro, 314
Plague, (_See_ Pestilence)
Planetoids, 2
Planets, 2
Plant lice, 13
Plants, 22, 23, 36
Platea, battle of, 136, 430
Plato, 140, 142, 144, 170, 370- 71
Platypus, duck-billed, 34
Plebeians, Roman, 176, 177, 187-88
Plesiosaurs, 29, 30, 36
Poison-gas, 413
Poitiers, 432
Poitiers, battle of, 253, 259
Poland, 288, 327, 353, 434
Poles, 288, 419
Political experiment, age of, 318 _et seq._
Political ideas, development of, 370 _et seq._
Political science, founder of, 144
Political worship, 412
Polo, Marco, 299-300
Polynesian races, 71
Pompey the Great, 192, 193, 196, 198, 430
Pontifex maximus, 237, 261
Popes. (_See_ Papacy)
Population, 379, 383
Port Arthur, 400, 403
Portugal, 340, 394, 396, 431
Portuguese, 302, 329, 332, 400
Porus, King, 149
Potato, 76
Potsdam, 327
Pottery, 75, 87X
Prague, 433
Prescott, 314
Priestcraft (including Priests), 64, 68, 69, 74, 75, 77, 83, 111, 114 _et seq._, 122, 131, 132, 167, 174, 275, 277
_Primal Law_, 61
Primates, 43. (_Cf._ Mammalia)
Printing, 80, 153, 247, 255, 298, 302, 305, 306, 320, 322, 329
Priscus, 234
Property, 274, 372, 374, 375
Prophet, Muhammad as, 249
Prophets, Jewish, 118, 122 _et seq._
Proprietorship, 373
Protestantism, 316, 324, 327, 351, 400
Proverbs, book of, 116
Prussia, 327, 348, 351, 390, 391, 392, 434, 435
Prussia, East, 412, 415
Psalms, 116
Psammetichus I, 109, 429
Psycho-analvsis, 69
Pterodactyls, 28, 29, 31, 36
Ptolemy I, 149, 150, 151, 186, 211
Ptolemy II, 151, 186
Punic language, 203
Punic Wars, 180 _et seq._, 187, 188, 430
Punjab, 163, 199
Puritans, 335
Pygmies, 397
Pyramids, 69, 83, 100
Pyrenees, 253, 432
Pyrrhus, 178, 179, 430
Q
Quebec, 434
Quinqueremes, 180
Quixada, 314
R
Races of mankind, 71 _et seq._
Railways, 322, 350, 357, 382, 383, 384, 389, 395, 396, 409, 434
Rain, 9, 10
Rameses II, 96, 147, 429