Part 31
Rasputin, 415, 416
Ratisbon, Diet of, 313
Ravenna, 431
Reading, 176
Rebus, 79
Red deer, 56
Red Sea, 91, 118, 122, 196
Reformation, the, 308
Reindeer, 43, 49, 51, 56, 73
Religion, and the creation of the world, 1; and organic evolution, 16; primitive, 61, 64
Religions, 172, 222 _et seq._, 240 _et seq._, 319. (_Cf._ Buddhism, Christianity, etc.)
Religious developments under the Roman Empire, 208 _et seq._
Religious wars, 270, 304, 313. (_Cf._ Crusades)
Reptiles, the age of, 26 _et seq._; mental life of, 38
Reproduction, 17 _et seq._
_Republic_, Plato’s, 142
Republic, the Assimilative, 187
Republics, 187 _et seq._, 236, 308, 324, 328, 340, 343, 344, 416, 433, 434, 435
Republicans, the first, 131
Retreat of the Ten Thousand, 150
Revolution, 342 _et seq._, 349 _et seq._, 390, 404, 416, 435
Rhine, 200, 227
Rhine languages, 236
Rhineland, 270, 306
Rhinoceros, 43, 49
Rhodes, 108
Rhodesia, 407
Rhodesian man, 52
Richelieu, Cardinal, 324
Richmond, U.S.A., 386, 388, 389
Roads, 114, 187
Robertson, 316
Robespierre, 345, 346, 434
Robinson, J. H., 284
“Rocket,” Stephenson’s, 356
Rock pictures, 57, 78
Rocks as record of beginnings of life, 11 _et seq._
S
Sabellians, 224
Sabre-toothed tiger, 43
Sacrifice, 102, 103, 167, 174, 182, 186, 211, 212. (_Cf._ also Blood sacrifice, Human sacrifice)
Sagas, 106
Saghalien, 404
Sailing ships, 91, 336
St. Angelo, castle of, 312
St. Helena, 407
St. Sophia, church of, 238
Saladin, 272, 432
Salamis, battle of, 180, 430
Salamis, bay of, 136
Salerno, 282
Samarkand, 256, 297
Samnites, 430
Samos, 129
Samson, 116
Samurai, 401
San Francisco, 383
Sandstones, 26
Sanskrit, 95, 107, 156
Sapor I, 430
Saracens, 264, 265, 297
Saratoga, 338
Sardanapalus (Assurbanipal), 98, 109, 111
Sardinia, 182, 185, 232, 309, 351, 390
Sardis, 98
Sargon I, 90, 92, 109, 122, 429
Sargon II, 97, 109, 429
Sarmatians, 100
Sassanid dynasty, 227, 241, 430
Saturn (planet), 2, 3
Saul, King of Israel, 118, 429
Saul of Tarsus. (_See_ Paul, St.)"
_Savannah_, steamship, 258
Savoy, 334, 351, 390
Saxons, 230, 265
Saxony, Elector of, 310
Scandinavians, 329
Scarabeus beetle, 209
Scheldt, 344
Schmalkaldic League, 312
Science, 144
Science and religion, 243
Science, exploitation of, 362
Science, physical, 412
Scientific societies, 322
Scipio Africanus, 182, 187
Scorpion, sea, 13, 18, 23
Scotland, 306, 307
Scott, Michael, 282
Scythia, 429
Scythians, 100, 108, 134, 135
Sea trade, 91
Sea worms, 13
Seasons, the, 68
Seaweed, 13
Sedan, 391
Seed-bearing trees, 26
Seleucid dynasty, 183, 186, 196, 199
Seleucus I, 149, 163
Seljuks, 267, 268, 272, 432
Semites and Semitic peoples, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 107, 115 , 122, 134, 174, 233, 256, 258
Semitic language, 202, 243
Sennacherib, 97
Serapeum, 211, 213
Serapis, 211, 212
Serbia, 179, 200, 227, 228, 292, 354, 411
Serfdom, 207
Seven Years’ War, 434
Severus, Septimius, 202
Seville, 202, 213, 302
Shang dynasty, 103, 168
Sheep, 77
Shell necklaces, 56
Shellfish, 13
Shells, as protection against drying, 18
Sherman, General, 387, 388
Shi Hwang-ti, 173, 180, 430
Shimonoseki, Straits of, 402
Shipbuilding, 359, 360, 400
Ships, 91, 119, 122, 149, 180, 196, 320, 322, 336
Shishak, 119
Shrubs, 16
Shumanism, 298
Siam, 166
Siberia, 334
Siberia, Eastern, 419
Siberian railway, 403, 409
Sicilies, Two, 287
Sicily, 108, 122, 129, 134, 178, 179, 182, 185, 188, 323, 263, 279, 280
Sidon, 92, 122, 123, 134, 147
Silurian system, 19
Silver, 80, 102, 335
Sind, 394
Sirmium, 227
Skins, use of; for clothing, 56 for writing, 75; inflated as boats, 91
Skull, Rhodesian, 52
Slavery (and slaves), 94, 102 , 188, 191, 194, 203 _et seq._, 236, 320, 337, 373, 374, 384-86, 388, 430, 433
Slavonic language, 236
Slavs, 263, 265
Smelting, 87, 104, 322
Smith, Adam, 377
Smith, Eliot, 69
Snakes, 27, 28
Social reform, 125
Socialism, 371, 416, 417, 434
Socialists, 375 _et seq._
Socialists, primitive, 374
Society, primitive, 60
Socrates, 140
Solomon, King, 119, 122, 127, 429
Solomon’s temple, 119
Sophists, 140
Sophocles, 139
South Carolina, 385
Soviets, 417
Space, the world in, 1 _et seq._
Spain, 93, 106, 122, 123, 180, 185, 230, 232, 236, 253, 255, 256, 309, 348, 349, 350, 393, 429, 431; relics of first true man in, 53
Spain, North, 431
Spanish, 329, 331
Spanish language, 203
Sparta, 129, 130, 136, 203
Spartacus, 191, 192, 203, 430
Spartans, 136
Species, generation of, 17; new, 36
Speech, primitive human, 63
Spiders, 23
Spiral nebulæ, 5
Spores, 24
Stagira, 142
Stamford Bridge, battle of, 286
Stars, 68, 257
State, modern idea of a, 375
State ownership, 374
States General, the, 341, 434
Steamboat, 340, 357 _et seq._, 374, 382, 395, 396
Steam engine, 151, 152, 359
Steam hammer, 359
Steam power, 322
Steel, 322, 359-60
Stephenson, George, 356
Stilicho, 230, 234, 431
Stockholm, 417
Stockton, 356, 434
Stone age, 53, 59
Stone implements, 45, 65
Stonehenge, 106, 429
Story-telling, primitive, 62
Styria, 309
Submarine campaign, 423
Subutai, 289
Sudan, the, 405
Suevi, 431
Suleiman the Magnificent, 310, 312, 432, 433
Sulla, 192, 237
Sumeria and Sumerians, 77, 78 _et seq._, 87, 88, 90, 91, 122
Sumerian Empire, 429
Sumerian language and writing, 77, 78, 79
Sun, the, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
Sun worship, 211
Sung dynasty, 290
Susa, 114, 135, 148, 149, 155
Suy dynasty, 245
Swastika, 70
Sweden, 306, 313, 348
Swedes, 326, 329, 330, 351
Swimming bladder, 24
Switzerland, 327, 347, 350, 433
Syracuse, 151, 154, 170, 178
Syria, 88, 91, 115, 119, 122, 138, 238, 243, 249, 290, 431
Syrians, 96, 98
T
_Tabus_, the, 61
Tadpoles, 26
Tagus valley, 314
Tai-Tsung, 247, 431
Tang dynasty, 200, 245, 247, 287, 431
“Tanks,” 413
Taoism, 174, 222. (_See also_ Lao Tse)
Taranto, 178
Tarentum, 178
Tarim valley, 430
Tartars, 167, 197, 232, 243, 288, 290, 334
Tasmania, 59, 322, 393
Tattooing, 70
Taxation, 271, 337
Tea, 247, 337
Teeth, 19, 20
Telamon, battle of, 182
Telegraph, electric, 340, 358, 382, 384, 396
Telescope, 355
Temples, 77, 83, 101, 129, 131, 167, 174, 184, 186, 211, 212, 213, 240
Tennessee, 386
Testament, Old, 115, 116
Teutons, 431
Texas, 384, 385
Texel, 344
Thales, 131, 161
Thebes, 101, 102, 129, 136
Theocrasia, 209
Theodora, Empress, 238
Theodoric the Goth, 236, 431
Theodosius II, 234, 238
Theodosius the Great, 226, 229, 431
Thermopylæ, battle of, 136, 430
Thessaly, 145, 178
Thirty Years’ War, 326
Thothmes III, 96, 127, 147, 429
Thought and research, 140
Thought, primitive, 60 _et seq._
Thrace, 135
Three Estates, council of the, 285
Three Teachings, the, 170
Tiberius Cæsar, 195, 214, 430
Tibet, 196, 400
Tides, 18
Tigers, 42, 43
Tiglath Pileser I, 97, 429
Tiglath Pileser III, 97, 108, 109, 429
Tigris, 77, 84
Time, 5, 6
Timor, 329
Timurlane, 290, 334
Tin, 360
Tiryns, 108
Titanotherium, the, 39, 42
Tonkin, 402
Tortoises, 27, 28
Toulon, 345
Trade, early, 83, 88
Trade, Grecian, 129
Trade routes, 119
Traders, 132, 335
Traders, sea, 92
Trafalgar, battle of, 348
Trajan, 195, 430
Transport, 319, 358, 382
Transvaal, 398
Transylvania, 195
Trasimere, Lake, 182
Trench warfare, 412
Trevithick, 356
Tribal life, 61
Trilobites, 13
Trinidad, 407
Trinil, Java, 45
Trinitarians, 224
Trinity, doctrine of the, 224, 261
Triremes, 180
Triumvirates, 194
Trojans, 94
Troy, 92, 127
Troyes, battle of, 235, 431
Tsar, title of, 327
Tshushima, Straits of, 404
Ts’i, 173
Ts’in, 173, 431
Tuileries, 342, 343
Tunis, 185
Turkestan, 77, 108, 148, 196, 197, 198, 199, 245, 253, 287, 290, 292, 334
Turkey, 390, 411
Turkoman dynasty, 405
Turkomans, 334
Turks, 167, 197, 243, 245, 263, 267, 287, 292, 310, 312, 334, 353, 354, 434
Turtles, 27, 28
Tushratta, king of Mitanni, 97
Twelve tribes, the, 116
Tyrannosaurus, 28
Tyre, 92, 118, 119, 122, 123, 134, 147
U
Uintatheres, 42
Uncleanness, 68
United States, 357, 410, 411, 422, 434; Declaration of Independence, 338; treaty with Britain, 339; expansion of, 382 _et seq._
Universities, 295, 304, 355, 361
Uranus, 2, 3
Urban II, Pope, 268, 272, 432
Urban VI, Pope, 285, 433
Utopias, 140, 142, 144
V
Valens, Emperor, 229
Valerian, 430
Valladolid, 314, 315, 316
Valmy, battle of, 434
Vandals, 227, 229, 230, 232, 431
Varennes, 343, 434
Vassalage, 259
Vatican, 265, 266, 272, 285
Vedas, 106
Vegetation of Mesozoic period, 28
Veii, 177, 178
Vendée, 345
Venetia, 235
Venetians, 301
Venice, 235, 272, 274, 294, 327, 351, 432
Venus (goddess), 213
Venus (planet), 2, 3
Verona, 345
Versailles, 325, 327, 341, 342
Versailles, Peace Conference of, 421
Versailles, Treaty of, 421, 422
Vertebrata, 19; ancestors of, 20
Verulam, Lord, (_See_ Bacon, Sir Francis)
Vespasian, 430
Vesuvius, 191
Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy, 435
Victoria, Queen, 394, 434
Vienna, 292, 312, 433, 434
Vienna, Congress of, 348, 349, 350
Vienna, Treaty of, 355
Vilna, 356
Vindhya Mountains, 159
Virginia, 337, 383, 386
Visigoths, 227, 229, 232, 235, 259, 431. (_Cf._ Goths)
Vitellus, 430
_Vittoria_, ship, 302
Viviparous mammals, 33
Vivisection, Herophilus and, 151
Volcanoes, 37
Volga, 200, 227
Volta, 358
Voltaire, 328
Votes, 382
W
Waldenses, 276, 280, 305
Waldo, 276
Walid I, 432
War and Warfare, 96, 344, 390, 422
War of American Independence, 338 _et seq._
Warsaw, 353
Washington, 340, 357, 383, 386, 389
Washington, Conference of, 425
Washington, George, 338
Waterloo, battle of, 348
Watt engine, 356
Weapons, 100, 106
Weaving, 65, 75
Wei-hai-wei, 400
Wellington, Duke of, 348
West Indies, 330, 385, 393, 394
Western Empire, 431
Westminster, 306
Westphalia, Peace of, 326, 355, 433
Wheat, 66, 104
White Huns. (_See_ Ephthalites)
William Duke of Normandy (William I), 432
William II, German Emperor, 410, 435
Wilson, President, 422, 423, 424
Wings, birds’, 32
Wisby, 294
Wisconsin, 385
“Wisdom lovers,” the first, 133
Witchcraft, 68
Wittenberg, 306
Wolfe, General, 434
Wolsey, Cardinal, 324
Wood blocks for printing, 247
Wool, 102, 395
Workers’ Internationals, 377
World, The, creation of, 1; in time, 5 _et seq._
Wrangel, General, 419
Writing, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 94, 124, 176; dawn of, 57
Wycliffe, John, and his followers, 286, 304, 433
X
Xavier, Francis, 400
Xenophon, 150
Xerxes, 136, 138, 147, 150
Y
Yang-Chow, 300
Yang-tse-Kiang, 173
Yangtse valley, 173
Yarmuk, battle of, the, 253, 431
Yedo Bay, 401
Yorktown, 338
Yuan dynasty, 290, 433
Yucatan, 74
Yudenitch, General, 419
Yuste, 314, 317
Z
Zama, battle of, 182, 430
Zanzibar, 329
Zarathustra, 241
Zeppelins, 413
Zero sign, 257
Zeus, 211
Zimbabwe, 397
Zoophytes, fossilized, 13
Zoroaster (and Zoroastrianism), 241, 243, 255