Book 87

, Cutler and Company, Castle Hill Works, Sheffield. _Courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum._)]

[Illustration: Figure 34.--ABOUT 1810: LEWIS MILLER WORKING AT HIS BENCH in York, Pa. In a predominantly Pennsylvania-German settlement, the plane used by Miller conforms to the Sheffield type illustrated in the catalogue of the Castle Hill Works as shown in figure 33. (York County Historical Society, York, Pa.)]

[Illustration: Figure 35.--1820: JOHN BRADFORD'S shop sign carved by Isaac Fowle is a unique documentary of early 19th-century tool shapes and is in the Bostonian Society, Boston, Mass. (Index of American Design, The National Gallery, Washington, D.C.)]

[Illustration: Figure 36.--1703: THE JOINER'S brace and bit--a detail from Moxon, _Mechanick Exercises_ ..., London, 1703. (Library of Congress, Smithsonian photo 56635.)]

[Illustration: Figure 37.--1769: ROUBO'S ILLUSTRATION OF THE BRACE and bit differs from Moxon's only in the precision of the delineation. Contrast this form with that of the standard Sheffield version in figure 38 and the metallic braces illustrated in figures 40 through 44. From these plates can be seen the progression of the bitstock toward its ultimate perfection in the late 19th century. (André-Jacob Roubo, _L'Art du menuisier_, 1769.)]

[Illustration: Figure 38.--EARLY 19TH CENTURY: THE MASS-PRODUCED VERSION of the wooden brace and bit took the form illustrated in