CHAPTER VIII

+Other Processes of Enslavement+

Abuse of indenture or apprenticeship 196–201 Indians indentured to whites by their tribe 196 Indians sold to whites by their families 196 Indians offered as security for loans 196 Indians sell themselves to whites for protection 196 Whites enslave such Indians by refusing to give them up 196–201 Instance in North Carolina, 1660 197 Cause of Tuscarora War 197 Virginia legislation shows custom followed there 197–198 Massachusetts legislation aiming to prevent such action 198–199 Rhode Island legislation to prevent abuse of apprenticeship 199–200 Abuses in New York 200–201 Decree of Governor Clinton to free Indians wrongly enslaved 200 Custom still in existence at late date, 1755 201 Punishment for violation of law and order 201–207 Enslavement as punishment general throughout colonies 201 Enslavement decreed as punishment in two ways 201 By law specifying enslavement as punishment for certain crimes 201 By a court decreeing enslavement as punishment for crimes committed 201 Carolina court decrees illustrating sentences for crimes committed 201–202 Virginia legislation illustrating specified punishment for specified crimes 202 Massachusetts legislation 203 Massachusetts court decrees 203 Plymouth court decrees 203–205 Rhode Island legislation 205 Rhode Island court decisions 205–206 Connecticut legislation 206 Connecticut court action 206

## Action of the United Colonies 206–207

Birth 207–210 In law children of slave mothers generally considered slaves 207 Colonial laws imposing status of slavery on children of slave mothers 207–209 South Carolina 207–208 Virginia 208 Maryland act of 1663 an exception 208 Maryland act of 1692 following general custom in other colonies 209 New York 209 Colonies that did not pass laws regarding the matter followed general custom 209 Massachusetts 209 Connecticut 209 Cases in colonial courts recognizing status of slavery by birth 210

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